The problem of misunderstanding art. The problem of ambiguous perception of art by different people (Why do some people immerse themselves in the world created by the artist, while others remain deaf to beauty?)

KRYLOV SERGEY NIKOLAEVICH

Postgraduate student of the Department of Art History and Cultural Studies of the St. Petersburg State Art and Industrial Academy named after V.I. A. L. Stieglitz»

Annotation:

The article reveals the main factors that make it difficult for the artist and the public to understand each other. The author believes that contemporary art is a system with its own ciphered language that has evolved over the past century and a half. Beginning with mid-nineteenth century, there is a gradual change in the values ​​of Western society, reflected in art as a departure from the aesthetic ideal in favor of the conceptual one. The author believes that the public, well acquainted with contemporary art, also cannot always fully appreciate the value artwork without a special explanation from the author, which is undoubtedly a sign of a growing conflict between society and the culture of postmodernism. If earlier the work evoked emotions through aesthetic impact, then contemporary art is looking for original ways of influencing the public.

Culture as a whole expresses the spiritual state of society, while art
is a reaction to an emotional outburst. How long does art exist?
there are so many disputes: whether any innovative phenomenon in art is considered progress
or the constant degradation of culture. In the field humanities it is forbidden
ignore the fact of difficulty, and sometimes even the impossibility of building an integral logical
systems. The vocabulary that is used in the description of contemporary art is gradually
becomes special language- difficult, often frightening with its complexity. However
less, "in the science of art, the theoretical approach does not really
alternatives, and it doesn’t matter whether we are talking about modern or classical art. Any
a new art history publication is only relevant as an argument in
any theoretical dispute, as part of intellectual history". To the middle
XIX century among the artists, few make attempts to formulate their own system,
able to justify the originality of creative activity.
It is believed that E. Manet made the first attempts to self-identify art,
the first among painters to begin the search for the formal complexity of the work. His
desire to create new principles in solving everyday problems, he indirectly
anticipates almost all avant-garde creativity, in the most reactionary forms
capable of leaving the Western system of culture based on ancient Greek
understanding of aesthetics and beauty.
Due to the simplicity of the solution in realistic artistic practice, the question
theoretical substantiation of the work rarely occurs, even in comparison with
decorative or ecclesiastical art. A.V. Makeenkova deduces the complexity of the “language
works" as one of the problems of the difficulty of understanding art. Undoubtedly,
the author's language may be incomprehensible, however, this cannot in any way depend on
direction of the work. The complexity of perception is more likely to be influenced by formal
signs, namely: the means used by the artist, for example, are traditionally not
characteristic of art: new technical possibilities, polymedia - that is, those
qualities in which form-creation tries to stand apart and assert itself. Liked
us a work or not, we can understand what it is about, but how it
done - not always.
The development of the culture of a modern global society is impossible
considered outside the context of the ideologies created by the ruling strata. Original
artists - no matter what they create - will be regarded as radical
customized. Consider a vivid example: “conservative politicians and art historians in
US during the Cold War attacks abstract art How
"communist"", after 20 years, L. Reinhardt proves that it is
realistic art in the west is protest art, not abstract art, which in
that time is already becoming a symbol of capitalist culture. K. Marx also notes
the fact that, when making a purchase, we acquire not just things, but objects,
filled with ideology. Managing the mass ideology, you can deliberately
manipulate feelings social groups. In Western civilization, people are accustomed to
receive pleasure from a work of art in the first place: visual,
aesthetic, moral and intellectual. Over the past century, we
we observe a gradual departure from the division into types of art that has developed
millennia; there is a fusion of visual static art with poetry,
music, dance, with video and, finally, with the "exact" sciences, both in formal and in
ideologically. The public, culturally prepared for the contemplation of the new
art, receives from the artist a kind of puzzle aimed at active work
fantasies, erudition, intuition and intellect, getting the greatest pleasure from this.
The admiration caused by the purely visual and aesthetic qualities of the work,
fades into the background, as the public is presented with only the embodiment of the idea
artist. Actual art calls on the viewer to temporarily step back from
social masses, see something more; through criticism of popular culture
there is a critique of ideology and art itself.
The technical reproducibility of art has undoubtedly changed attitudes
society to the artist, with the invention of the reproducibility of the picture, to attract
the interest of the viewer, the painter needs to invest in the work that which he cannot convey
photography, for example, the maximum emotional component, new technical
means, the simultaneous effect on various organs feelings. To some extent at all times
there was a synthesis of arts, but only at the beginning of the twentieth century did polymedia
works that affect all the senses of the viewer, which are
the most complex in structure of creation, action, event. Dadaists force the public
accept new approach to the understanding of art: not wanting to please, they still offer
give up passive admiration and become part of the action. a work of art
can become an object borrowed from life: an environment or a ready-made, - an idea,
which is based on the emphasis of perception, that is, contemplating the object, by the work
art is made by the viewer himself. After M. Duchamp, all art by nature becomes
word or concept. At the same time, classical mimetic theory is experiencing
crisis and unable to justify the diversity of visual representations. Earlier man
accustomed to getting pleasure from the contemplation of a work of art. Society
took for granted that it was the cannotative character, complexity and richness
aesthetic sign or even language gave the work the status of art, now
the distance between the images in the work and their referents is practically absent.
Over the past half century, art has turned to themes that were previously even
not remotely interested in art history. Embodying the idea of ​​synthesis, morphological
the framework of the arts falls apart, exposing the figure of the artist in the face of society. WITH
the advent of new means of communication has changed the very perception - from visual orientation
to multisensory. Art can subjugate all human abilities
striving for unity creative imagination. socialized trend
art in Western countries develops independently, in Europe it is a group
"Situationist International", in the USA - neo-Dadaists and Fluxus, who believe in
saving art from a commercialization that threatens to turn it into an extremely
prestigious commodities. Free-spirited artists work
on projects, involving musicians, poets, dancers. The result of this kind
activity becomes a new multidisciplinary aesthetics based on mutual
inspiration, enrichment and experimentation. Performance allowed artists
finally erase the boundaries between the means of expression, between art and
life. Performative practice was a protest that questioned
generally accepted values ​​and behavior patterns, they could not exist without dialogue with
spectator. Artists directly connect themselves with other people, their life
experience and behavior. The fusion of art and life, as the main idea acquired
extreme and curious forms of the English Gilbert and George. Manzoni turned into
“living sculptures” of those around them, they also turned themselves into “living sculptures”, and
indirectly made their lives an object of art.
B.E. Groys, from the perspective of a theoretician of the 21st century, highlights the task of art in demonstrating
various lifestyles and lifestyles through practiced knowledge. means
the message becomes the message itself. We recognize that one of the most significant
artistic trends of the last 10-15 years is the spread and
institutionalization of group and socially engaged creativity”,
the expression of which we find in the special popularity of the art of interaction.
M.Kwon considers new form art as a "community specification",
K.Basualdo - "experimental community", G.Kester defines it as "dialogical
art." Kester's idea is that the task of art is to resist a world in which
people are reduced to an atomized pseudo-community of consumers whose
emotional experience is given by the society of the performance and rehearsals. If cooperation with
previously organized groups reveals an exploitative character, it does not
may reflect a model of social interaction. In joint confrontation
capitalism, artists unite among themselves, calling on an outside audience,
which should feel confident as a participant in the work. Unlike
television, art does not destroy, but unites relationships, becoming a place,
creating a specific space for communication. If G. Hegel called one of
the most important causes of the crisis of art - the loss of a person's ability to direct
experience of a work of art (“Freedom of works of art, which
proud of their self-consciousness and without which they would not exist - this is the slyness of their own
mind. If works of art are answers to their own questions, then in
because of this, they themselves become questions."), then the advantage of the dialogic
type artistic practice is that a critical analysis of stereotypes
is carried out in the form of an exchange of opinions and discussion, and not shock and destruction.
Collaborative art tends to be open to the public rather than exclusive; V
dialogue, reflection is inevitable, since by itself it cannot construct
work.
In practice, the idea of ​​uniting the artist and the public itself sets a barrier,
hindering rapprochement, undoubtedly becoming the most topical issue. Public,
little familiar with the trends of art, biased towards all manifestations
contemporary creativity and tries to avoid contact. Refusing dialogue becomes
the root cause of the misunderstanding. The artist expresses self-sacrifice,
relinquishing authorial presence in favor of relationships, allowing participants
speak through yourself. This idea expresses the sacrifice of art as such and its desire
complete dissolution in social practice.
Feelings remain the only element of perception - the main criterion
the emergence and existence of a work of art, the beginning of which are
experiences and emotions. As V.P. Bransky notes: “The one in whom the object does not cause
no feelings, does not notice in this object even a tenth of those features that
open to a person who is under a strong impression of the object. So
In a way, paradoxical as it may seem, one can look at something and see nothing.”
The root cause of any art is not so much context as free feeling, in
past bound by the framework of philosophy, aesthetics, beauty, proportion and other
cultural traditions. Postmodern art is based primarily on
feelings, and it is impossible to measure it by another criterion!
LITERATURE
1. Rykov A.V. Western art XX century: Teaching aid. - St. Petersburg: New Alternative
Polygraphy, 2008. P. 3.
2. Dempsey, Amy. Styles, schools, directions. Guide to contemporary art. - M.: Art -
XXI century, 2008. S. 191.
3. Bishop, Claire. Social turn in contemporary art- M.: Art magazine, 2005, No.
58/59. C. 1.
4. Adorno, V. Theodor. Aesthetic theory / Per. with him. A.V. Dranova. - M.: Respublika, 2001. S. 12.
5. Bransky V.P. Art and Philosophy. The role of philosophy in the formation and perception of artistic
works on the example of the history of painting. - Amber tale, 1999. S. 6.

Everyone is aware that medicine and education have a strong impact on us. We are directly dependent on these areas of life. But few people will admit the idea that art has an equally important influence. Nevertheless, it is so. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of art in our lives.

What is art?

There are many definitions in various dictionaries. Somewhere they write that art is an image (or the process of its creation), which expresses the artist's view of the world. Sometimes a person cannot express in words what he can draw.

In another interpretation, this is the process of creativity, the creation of something. Realization of the need to make the world a little more beautiful.

Art is also a way of knowing the world. For example, for a child who, drawing or singing songs, remembers new words.

On the other hand, it is a social process of human interaction with society and with himself. This concept is so ambiguous that it is impossible to say in which part of our life it is present and in which it is not. Consider the arguments: the influence of art on a person is noticeable in the spiritual sphere of our life. After all, it is under its influence that what we call morality and education is formed.

Types of art and its impact on human life

What's the first thing that comes to mind? Painting? Music? Ballet? All of these are arts, like photography, circus, arts and crafts, sculpture, architecture, stage and theatre. The list can still be expanded. Every decade, genres develop and new ones are added, as humanity does not stand still.

Here is one of the arguments: the influence of art on human life is expressed in love for fairy tales. One of the most influential species is literature. Reading surrounds us from childhood. When we are very little, mom reads fairy tales to us. Girls and boys are instilled with the rules of behavior and the type of thinking by example fairy tale heroines and heroes. In fairy tales we learn what is good and what is bad. At the end of such works there is a moral that teaches us how to act.

At school and university, we read the obligatory works of classical authors, which already contain more complex thoughts. Here the characters make us think and ask ourselves questions. Each direction in art pursues its own goals, they are very diverse.

Functions of Art: Additional Arguments

The influence of art on a person is extensive, it has various functions and purposes. One of the main goals is educational.The same moral at the end of the story. The aesthetic function is obvious: works of art are beautiful and develop taste. Close to this hedonistic function - to bring pleasure. Some literary works often have a prognostic function, remember the Strugatsky brothers and their fantasy novels. Another very important function is compensatory. From the word "compensation" when artistic reality replaces the main one. Here often we are talking about about emotional trauma or life difficulties. When we turn on our favorite music to forget, or go to the cinema to escape from unpleasant thoughts.

Or another argument - the influence of art on a person through music. Hearing a symbolic song for himself, someone can decide on an important act. If we move away from academic significance, then the influence of art on human life is very great. It gives inspiration. When the man at the exhibition saw beautiful picture came home and started painting.

Consider another argument: the influence of art on a person can be seen in how actively hand-made is developing. People not only imbued with a sense of beauty, but are also ready to create masterpieces with their own hands. Various destinations body art and tattoos - the desire to create a work of art on your skin.

Art around us

Has anyone thought about decorating their apartment and thinking through the design that in this moment can you see the influence of art on you? Creating furniture or accessories is part of arts and crafts. Color matching, harmonious shapes and space ergonomics are exactly what designers are studying. Or another example: you are in the store, choosing a dress, gave preference to the one that is correctly tailored and thought out by the fashion designer. At the same time, fashion houses are not modest, trying to influence your choice with bright commercials.Video is also part of the art. That is, watching advertising, we are also under its influence. This is also an argument, the influence of genuine art on a person, however, is revealed in higher spheres. Let's consider them.

The influence of art on a person: arguments from literature

Literature influences us endlessly. Let's remember how in brilliant work Leo Tolstoy's "War and Peace" Natasha Rostova sang for her brother and healed him of despair.

Another elegant example of how painting can save a life was described by O. Henry in the story "The Last Leaf". The sick girl thought she would die when she fell last page ivy outside the window. She did not wait for her last day, since the leaflet was painted for her on the wall by an artist.

Another example of the influence of art on a person (arguments from the literature are very revealing) is main character works by Ray Bradbury "Smile", which saves the painting with the Mona Lisa, believing in its great significance. Bradbury wrote a lot about the power of creativity, he argued that only by reading books, a person will become educated.

The image of a child with a book in his hands haunts many artists, in particular, there are several wonderful paintings under the same name "Boy with a book."

Right Influence

Like any impact, art can also be negative and positive. Some contemporary works inspire melancholy, do not carry great aestheticism. Not all films are good. We need to be especially careful about content that affects our children. The right selection of things around us, music, movies and even clothes will provide us with good mood and instill the right taste.

In this selection, we have described the main problems encountered in the texts for preparing for the Unified State Examination in the Russian language. The arguments below the problem statement headings are taken from famous works and demonstrate each problematic aspect. You can download all these examples from the literature in table format (link at the end of the article).

1. In your play "Woe from Wit" A.S. Griboyedov showed a soulless world, mired in material values ​​and empty entertainment. This is the world Famus Society. Its representatives are against education, against books and sciences. Famusov himself says: “I would like to take away all the books, but burn them.” In this stuffy swamp, turned away from culture and truth, it is impossible for an enlightened person, Chatsky, who is rooting for the fate of Russia, for its future.
2. M. Bitter in his play At the bottom”showed a world devoid of spirituality. Quarrels, misunderstandings, disputes reign in the rooming house. Heroes are really at the bottom of life. There is no place for culture in their everyday life: they are not interested in books, paintings, theaters and museums. In the rooming house, only the young girl Nastya reads, and she reads romance novels, which in artistically lose a lot. The Actor often quotes lines from famous plays, as he himself used to perform on stage, and this emphasizes the gulf between the Actor himself and real art. The heroes of the play are cut off from culture, so their life is like a series of successive gray days.
3. In the play by D. Fonvizin "Undergrowth" landlords are ignorant townsfolk, obsessed with greed and gluttony. Mrs. Prostakova is rude to her husband and servants, is rude and oppresses everyone who is below her in social status. This noble woman is alien to culture, but she tries to impose it on her son in time with fashion trends. However, nothing comes of it, because by her example she teaches Mitrofan to be a stupid, limited and ill-mannered person who does not have to humiliate people. In the finale, the hero openly tells his mother to leave him alone, refusing to console her.
4. In the poem " Dead Souls» N. V. Gogol the landlords, the backbone of Russia, appear to readers as vile and vicious people without a hint of spirituality and enlightenment. For example, Manilov only pretends that he - man of culture, but the book on his desk was covered in dust. The box is not at all shy about its narrow outlook, openly demonstrating utter stupidity. Sobakevich focuses only on material values, spiritual ones are not important to him. And the same Chichikov does not care about his enlightenment, he is only concerned about enrichment. This is how the writer portrayed the world of high society, the world of people who, by right of class, were given power. This is the tragedy of the work.

The influence of art on man

1. One of the brightest books significant place takes a work of art, is a novel Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray. The portrait painted by Basil Hallward truly changes the life of not only the artist himself, who falls in love with his creation, but also the life of the young model, Dorian Gray himself. The picture becomes a reflection of the hero's soul: all the actions that Dorian performs immediately distort the image in the portrait. In the end, when the hero clearly sees what his inner essence has become, he can no longer continue to live in peace. IN this work art becomes magic power which reveals to man his own inner world answering eternal questions.
2. In the essay "Straightened" G.I. Uspensky touches upon the theme of the influence of art on man. The first part of the narrative in the work is connected with the Venus de Milo, the second is connected with Tyapushkin, a modest village teacher, the ups and downs of his life and the radical change that occurred in him after the memory of Venus. Central image- the image of Venus de Milo, a stone riddle. The meaning of this image is the personification of the spiritual beauty of man. This incarnation eternal value art that shakes the personality and straightens it. The memory of her allows the hero to find the strength to stay in the village and do a lot for ignorant people.
3. In the work of I. S. Turgenev "Faust" the heroine never read fiction although she was already an adult. Upon learning of this, her friend decided to read aloud to her the famous play by Goethe about how a medieval doctor was looking for the meaning of life. Under the influence of what she heard, the woman changed a lot. She realized that she lived wrong, found love and surrendered to feelings that she did not understand before. This is how a work of art can awaken a person from sleep.
4. In the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky "Poor people" the main character lived in ignorance all his life until he met Varenka Dobroselova, who began to develop him by sending books. Prior to this, Makar read only low-quality works without deep meaning so his personality didn't develop. He put up with the insignificant and empty routine of his existence. But the literature of Pushkin and Gogol changed him: he became actively thinking person who even learned to write letters better under the influence of such masters of the word.

True and false art

1. Richard Aldington in the novel "Death of a Hero" in the images of Shobb, Bobb and Tobb, trendsetters literary theories modernism, showed the problem of false culture. These people are busy with empty talk, not real art. Each of them comes up with his own point of view, considers himself unique, but, in essence, all their theories are one and the same empty talk. It is no coincidence that the names of these heroes are similar, like twin brothers.
2. In the novel " Master and Margarita "M.A. Bulgakov showed the life of literary Moscow in the 30s. The editor-in-chief of MASSOLIT Berlioz is a chameleon man, he adapts to any external conditions, any power, system. His literary house works by order of the rulers, there are no muses for a long time and there is no art, real and sincere. Therefore, a truly talented novel is rejected by editors and not recognized by readers. The authorities said that there is no God, which means that literature says the same thing. However, culture, which is stamped to order, is only propaganda, which has nothing to do with art.
3. In the story of N. V. Gogol "Portrait" the artist traded true skill for the recognition of the crowd. Chartkov found the money hidden in the purchased painting, but it only inflated his ambition and greed, and over time his needs only grew. He began to work only to order, became a fashionable painter, but he had to forget about true art, there was no room left for inspiration in his soul. He realized his wretchedness only when he saw the work of a master of his craft, what once he could become. Since then, he has been buying up and destroying genuine masterpieces, finally losing his mind and ability to create. Unfortunately, the line between true and false art very thin and easy to miss.

The role of culture in society

1. He showed the problem of removal from spiritual culture in post-war times in his novel "Three Comrades" by E.M. Remarque. This topic is not given a central place, but one episode reveals the problem of a society that is mired in material concerns and has forgotten about spirituality. So, when Robert and Patricia walk through the streets of the city, they run into art gallery. And the author, through the mouth of Robert, tells us that people stopped coming here a long time ago in order to enjoy art. Here are those who hide from the rain or heat. Spiritual culture has faded into the background in a world where hunger, unemployment, and death reign. People in after war time trying to survive, and in their world, culture has lost its value, as human life. Having lost the value of the spiritual aspects of being, they went berserk. In particular, a friend of the protagonist, Lenz, dies from the antics of a rabid crowd. In a society without moral and cultural guidelines, there is no place for peace, so war easily arises in it.
2. Ray Bradbury in the novel "451 degrees Fahrenheit" showed the world of people who refused books. Anyone who tries to preserve these most valuable pantry cultures of mankind is severely punished. And in this world of the future, there are many people who have put up with or even support the general trend of destroying books. Thus, they themselves distanced themselves from culture. The author shows his characters as empty, meaningless townsfolk, fixated on the TV screen. They talk about nothing, do nothing. They just exist without even feeling or thinking. That is why the role of art and culture is very important in modern world. Without them, he will become impoverished and lose everything that we value so much: individuality, freedom, love and other non-material values ​​of the individual.

Culture of behavior

1. In the comedy Undergrowth "D.I. Fonvizin shows the world of ignorant nobles. This is Prostakova, and her brother Skotinin, and main undergrowth Mitrofan family. These people in their every movement, word show lack of culture. The vocabulary of Prostakova and Skotinin is rude. Mitrofan is a real lazy person, accustomed to everyone running after him and fulfilling his every whim. People who are trying to teach Mitrofan something are not needed either by Prostakova or by the undergrowth himself. However, such an approach to life does not lead the heroes to anything good: in the person of Starodum, retribution comes to them, putting everything in its place. So sooner or later, ignorance will still fall under its own weight.
2. M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin in a fairy tale « wild landlord» showed the highest degree lack of culture, when it is no longer possible to distinguish a person from a beast. Previously, the landowner lived on everything ready thanks to the peasants. He himself did not bother himself with work or education. But time has passed. Reform. The peasants are gone. Thus, the external gloss of the nobleman was removed. His true nature begins to emerge. He grows hair, begins to walk on all fours, stops speaking articulately. So, without labor, culture and enlightenment, a person turned into an animal-like creature.

• Music can help a person feel the beauty, relive the moments of the past
• The power of art can change a person's life
• The paintings of a truly talented artist reflect not only appearance but also the human soul
• In difficult situations, music inspires a person, gives him vitality.
• Music can convey to people thoughts that cannot be expressed in words.
• Unfortunately, art can push a person to spiritual degradation.

Arguments

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". Nikolai Rostov, who lost a huge amount of money for his family in cards, is in a dejected, depressed state. He does not know what to do, how to confess everything to his parents. Already at home, he hears the beautiful singing of Natasha Rostova. The emotions caused by the music and singing of the sister overwhelm the soul of the hero. Nikolai Rostov realizes that there is nothing more important in life than all this. The power of art helps him overcome fear and confess everything to his father.

L.N. Tolstoy "Albert". In the work, we learn the story of a poor violinist with an outstanding talent. Once at the ball, the young man begins to play. With his music, he touches the hearts of people so much that he immediately ceases to seem poor and ugly to them. Listeners seem to relive best moments their lives, return to what is lost forever. Music influences Delesov so strongly that tears begin to flow down the cheeks of a man: thanks to music, he is transported to his youth, remembers the first kiss.

K.G. Paustovsky "The Old Chef". Before dying, the blind old cook asks his daughter Maria to go outside and call any person to confess the dying. Maria does this: she sees a stranger on the street and conveys her father's request. The old cook confesses young man that in his life he committed only one sin: from the service of the Countess, Thun stole a golden saucer to help his sick wife Martha. The desire of the dying man was simple: to see his wife again as she was in her youth. The stranger begins to play the harpsichord. The power of music has such a strong influence on the old man that he sees moments from the past as if they were real. The young man who gave him these moments turns out to be Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, a great musician.

K.G. Paustovsky "Basket with fir cones". In the woods of Bergen great composer Edvard Grieg meets Dagny Pedersen, the daughter of a local forester. Communication with the girl prompts the composer to write music for Dagny. Knowing that a child cannot appreciate all the charm classical works, Edvard Grieg promises to give Dagny a gift in ten years, when she turns eighteen. The composer is true to his word: ten years later, Dagny Pedersen unexpectedly hears a song dedicated to her musical composition. Music causes a storm of emotions: she sees her forest, hears the sound of the sea, the shepherd's horn, the whistle of birds. Dagny cries tears of gratitude. Edvard Grieg discovered for her the beauty of what a person should really live.

N.V. Gogol "Portrait". The young artist Chartkov quite by accident acquires a mysterious portrait with his last money. main feature of this portrait - incredibly expressive eyes that seem alive. Unusual picture does not give rest to everyone who sees it: it seems to everyone that the eyes are following him. Later it turns out that the portrait was painted very talented artist at the request of the moneylender, whose life story is striking in its mystery. He did his best to convey these eyes, but then he realized that these were the eyes of the devil himself.

O. Wilde “Portrait of Dorian Gray”. Basil Hallward's portrait of the handsome young Dorian Gray - best work artist. The young man himself is delighted with his beauty. Lord Henry Wotton tells him that this is not forever, because all people grow old. In his feelings, the young man wishes that this very portrait would grow old instead of him. Later it becomes clear that the wish comes true: any act committed by Dorian Gray is reflected in his portrait, and he himself remains the same. A young man begins to commit inhuman, immoral acts, and this does not affect him in any way. Dorian Gray does not change at all: by the age of forty he looks the same as in his youth. We see that a magnificent picture, instead of a beneficial influence, destroys the personality.

A.T. Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin". Music can warm the soul of a person even in difficult times of war. Vasily Terkin, the hero of the work, plays the harmonica of the murdered commander. From music people become warmer, they go to music like fire, start dancing. This allows them to forget about hardships, difficulties, misfortunes at least for a while. The comrades of the slain commander give the accordion to Terkin so that he will continue to amuse his infantry.

V. Korolenko "The Blind Musician". For the hero of the work, musician Petrus, music has become true meaning life. Blind from birth, he was very sensitive to sounds. When Petrus was a child, he was attracted to the melody of a pipe. The boy began to reach for music and later became a pianist. He soon became famous, his talent was much talked about.

A.P. Chekhov "Rothschild's Violin". People tried to avoid Yakov Matveevich, a gloomy and rude person. But a melody accidentally found touched his soul: for the first time, Yakov Matveyevich felt ashamed for offending people. The hero finally realized that without malice and hatred the world it would be just wonderful.

1. G. I. Uspensky has wonderful story"Straightened out." It is about the influence that the wonderful sculpture of Venus de Milo, exhibited in the Louvre, had on the narrator. The hero was struck by the great moral power that emanated from the ancient statue. The “stone riddle”, as its author calls it, made a person better: he began to behave impeccably, felt the happiness in himself to be a person.

2. Different people perceive works of art ambiguously. One with delight will freeze in front of the canvas of the master, and the other will pass by indifferently. D.S. Likhachev discusses the reasons for such a different approach in Letters about the Good and the Beautiful. He believes that the aesthetic passivity of some people is generated by the lack of proper familiarization with art in childhood. Only then will a real spectator, reader, connoisseur of paintings grow up, when in his childhood he will see and hear everything that is displayed in works of art, be transported by the power of imagination into a world clothed in images.

The problem of the appointment of genuine art (What kind of art does society need?)

Can art change a person's life? Actress Vera Alentova recalls such a case. One day she received a letter from unknown woman, which told that she was left alone and she did not want to live. But, after watching the film “Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears”, the woman became a different person: “You won’t believe it, I suddenly saw that people are smiling and they are not so bad as it seemed to me all these years. And the grass, it turns out, is green, And the sun is shining ... I have recovered, for which I thank you very much.

The problem of human perception of music

1. In a number of works of Russian writers, heroes experience powerful emotions under the influence of harmonious music. One of the characters in Leo Tolstoy's epic novel "War and Peace" Nikolai Rostov, losing at cards a large sum money, is in dismay, but, having heard the magnificent performance of the aria by his sister Natasha, he cheered up. the unfortunate incident ceased to be so tragic for him.

2. In A.I. Kuprin’s story “ Garnet bracelet"To the sounds of Beethoven's sonata, the heroine Vera Sheina experiences spiritual cleansing after the difficult moments of her life she has experienced. The magical sounds of the piano helped her find inner balance, find strength, find the meaning of her future life.

HUMAN RELATIONSHIP TO THE NATURAL WORLD

The problem of a soulless, consumerist, ruthless attitude of man to the natural world

A prime example barbaric attitude to nature are lines from a poem by M. Dudin:

We did not do it under duress,

And with the zeal of our own grief,

From clean oceans - landfills,

The seas have been redone.

In my opinion, you can't say it better!

35.the problem of human susceptibility or insensitivity to the beauty of nature

The nature of the heroine of Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" is treated differently. There is something uniquely Russian in the soul of Natasha Rostova. She subtly feels the beauty of the Russian landscape. It's hard to imagine Helen Bezukhov in Natasha's place. In Helen there is no feeling, no poetry, no patriotism. She does not sing, does not understand music, does not notice nature. Natasha sings soulfully, with soul, forgetting about everything. And how inspired she admires the beauty of summer moonlit night!

The problem of the influence of the beauty of nature on the mood and way of thinking of a person

In the story of Vasily Makarovich Shukshin "The Old Man, the Sun and the Girl" we see an amazing example of the attitude to native nature that surrounds us. The old man, the hero of the story, comes to the same place every evening and watches the sun go down. Next to the girl-artist, he comments on the minutely changing colors of the sunset. How unexpected it will be for us, readers, and the heroine to discover that the grandfather, it turns out, is blind! For over 10 years! How to love native land to remember for decades her beauty!!!

The problem of the negative impact of the scientific and technological process on the relationship between man and nature (What is the negative impact of civilization on human life, his relationship with nature?)

On the Internet, I read an article from the Krymskiye Izvestiya newspaper about the fate of the famous Saki Lake, from the depths of which a unique mud is extracted that can raise thousands of sick people to their feet. But in 1980, the miraculous reservoir was divided by dams and bridges into two parts: one “healed” people, the other “produced” soda ... After 3 years, the soda part of the lake turned into a fetid water surface that kills everything around it ... Years later, I want to exclaim: “Really there was no other less significant lake in a huge power named the USSR, on the shores of which it would be possible to build a soda plant ?! Can't we call a man a barbarian in relation to his native nature for such a crime?!

38. the problem of homeless animals (is a person obliged to help homeless animals?)

The story of Konstantin Paustovsky "The Disheveled Sparrow" shows that people are not indifferent to the problems of our smaller brothers. First, the policeman rescues the little sparrow Pashka, who fell from the roof of the stall, then gives him up for "education" to the kind girl Masha, who brings the bird home, takes care of it, feeds it. After the bird recovers, Masha releases it into the wild. The girl is happy that she helped the sparrow.