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Essay my attitude to modern youth subcultures. My relationship with subcultures

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION NOVOSIBIRSK STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

CALCULATION AND GRAPHIC work

discipline: sociology

on the topic: "Attitude of youth and students to youth subcultures, including informal ones"

Completed:

Checked:

ABSTRACT

The report consists of 30 pages, 2 parts, 23 tables, 3 figures, 4 literary sources, 2 applications.

The main concepts used in the study:

o subculture,

o Youth subculture,

o Youth,

o counterculture,

o Informal.

Research problem: there is a need for information about how young people and students of the city of Berdsk relate to youth subcultures, including informal ones.

Empirical object of research: youth and students of the city of Berdsk.

The purpose of the work is to assess the attitude of young people and students of the city of Berdsk to youth subcultures, including informal ones.

In the process of work, a questionnaire survey was conducted among young people and students of the city of Berdsk, through a specially designed questionnaire.

Introduction

The relevance of this topic “Attitude of youth and students to youth subcultures, including informal ones” is due, first of all, to a large number of different areas of youth subcultures and trends, both in Russia and abroad.

The topic has been widely studied by such sociologists as M. Break, V.D. Ermakov, Yu.N. Davydov, I.B. Rodnyanskaya, I.P. Bashkatov and others. Articles by M. I. Rozhkov, M. A. Kovalchuk, A. M. Khodyrev and many others are devoted to the topic under study.

The material for sociological research is the results of a questionnaire survey of students and youth in the city of Berdsk. Questionnaire on the topic "The attitude of young people and students to youth subcultures, including informal ones" is presented in the appendix.

The problem is that there is a need for information about how young people and students of the city of Berdsk relate to youth subcultures, including informal ones.

Object of research: youth subcultures.

Subject of study: the attitude of young people and students of the city of Berdsk to youth subcultures, including informal ones.

The purpose of the study is to assess the attitude of young people and students of the city of Berdsk to youth subcultures, including informal ones.

The youth subculture is born and exists in connection with the specific needs of young people. It is based on a special way of relating to the world with its own system of spiritual values.

Youth subculture is a special way of life, it is nothing but a form of self-expression of the young.

Currently, there are many different youth associations, their number is constantly growing, new directions and trends of youth subcultures are emerging. However, the attitude of society towards such associations is not unambiguous and is largely formed on the basis of the orientation of interests and hobbies of certain currents.

The study of youth subcultures has long been an important direction in the sociology of youth.

The English sociologist M. Break noted that subcultures as “systems of meanings, ways of expression or life styles” developed by social groups that were in a subordinate position, “in response to the dominant systems of meanings: subcultures reflect the attempts of such groups to resolve the structural contradictions that have arisen in a broader social context."

M. I. Rozhkov, M. A. Kovalchuk, A. M. Khodyrev in the article “Features of the subculture of informal youth associations” distinguish three characteristics of the youth subculture. Its main characteristic feature is its isolation, detachment, often demonstrative, outrageous, from cultural property older generations, national traditions. Other salient feature- the predominance of consumption over creativity. And the third characteristic feature can be called avant-garde, striving for the future, often extreme.

Researchers classify youth associations and groups in different ways. For example, I.P. Bashkatov distinguishes four types of informal associations: socially neutral (naughty) communication groups; pre-criminal or asocial imitation groups; unstable criminal or antisocial groups; persistent criminal or criminal groups.

On a social and legal basis, there are:

1) pro-social, or socially active, with a positive orientation of activity. For example: groups of ecological protection, protection of monuments, environment.

2) socially passive, whose activities are neutral in relation to social processes. For example: music and sports fans.

3) asocial - hippies, punks, criminal gangs, drug addicts, etc.

According to the orientation of interests, the sociologist M. Topalov classifies youth associations and groups as follows:

Passion for modern youth music;

Striving for law enforcement activities;

Actively involved in certain sports;

Parasports - various fans;

Philosophical and mystical;

Environmentalists.

Professor S. A. Sergeev offers the following typology of youth subcultures:

Romantic-escapist subcultures (hippies, Indianists, Tolkienists, with well-known reservations - bikers).

Hedonistic-entertaining (majors, ravers, rappers, etc.),

Criminal ("gopniks", "lubers")

Anarcho-nihilistic (punks, extremist subcultures of the "left" and "right" wing), which can also be called radically destructive.

Professor Z. V. Sikevich gives a slightly different description of the informal amateur youth movement, taking into account the fact that involvement in a particular group may be associated with:

1) with a way of spending time - music and sports fans, metalheads, amateurs and even Nazis;

2) with a social position - eco-cultural;

3) with a way of life - "systemists" and their numerous offshoots;

4) with alternative art - not officially recognized painters, sculptors, musicians, actors, writers and others.

Until the beginning of the 80s. youth culture was in the "underground" and therefore could not become the subject of research by official science. Only with the advent of a series of publicistic speeches that excited public opinion the criminal nature of youth groups (for example, rockers), the study of this issue became possible and even caused a real boom, which ended as unexpectedly and quickly as it began.

There are three directions of such research. One of them is the study of the attitude of young people to informal associations and subculture phenomena. Within the framework of this direction, projects were carried out under the leadership of V. Livanov, V. Levicheva and F. Sherega.

Another direction was based on participant observation and developed within the framework of “perestroika journalism”. At the same time, the first professional studies using interviews appeared. The author of one of them is N. V. Kofirin from Leningrad (Leningrad University). In the autumn of 1989, he studied the informal youth groups of the city directly in the places of their "hangouts".

The third direction was the study of the actual criminal youth groups, and they were carried out not by sociologists, but by specialists in the field of law. The works of I. Sundiev (Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs), G. Zabryansky (Legal Academy of the Ministry of Justice) and publicist V. Eremin received the greatest recognition in sociological circles.

In the general surge of interest in youth groups in those years, the most serious work looks like a theoretical study of Belarusian sociologists I. Andreeva and L. Novikova, who made an attempt to apply cultural theories for the empirical study of youth subcultures in conditions big city.

Subculture - a system of values, behaviors, life style of any social group, which is an independent holistic formation within the framework of the dominant culture.

Subculture arises as a positive or negative reaction to the dominant culture in society and social structure among different social strata and age groups.

2. Youth subculture - a set of values, traditions, customs inherent in young people, in which leisure and recreation are leading, forms of life have supplanted labor as essential need. The youth subculture is characterized by attempts to form:

own world view

· Peculiar behaviors, styles of clothing and hairstyles, forms of leisure activities, etc.

3. Youth - a socio-demographic group experiencing a period of formation of social and psycho-physiological maturity, adaptation to performance social roles adults. Typically, youth are classified as people aged 14-30 years.

4. Counterculture - in a broad sense - a type of subculture that rejects the values and norms of the dominant culture in a given society and defends its own alternative culture.

5. Informal - a member of an informal, not officially approved organization, group.

1. identify the level of awareness of young people and students about various subcultures, including informal ones.

2. to establish how respondents characterize youth subcultures, including informal ones, and how they relate to them.

3. to identify whether the respondents had experience of communicating with representatives of informal subcultures and youth subcultures in general.

4. identify how young people and students define the reasons that encourage young people to adhere to any subculture.

5. identify the level of awareness of respondents about the possible risks of joining a particular youth group.

Hypothesis-base: The attitude of young people and students to youth subcultures, including informal ones, is not unambiguous.

Hypotheses-consequences:

1. 20% of respondents had experience of communicating with representatives of informal subcultures.

2. 60% of respondents are indifferent to various youth subcultures, do not see any threat to the public in their existence.

3. 30% of respondents have a positive attitude towards subcultures.

4. 10% of respondents have a negative attitude towards various subcultures.

5. 60% of respondents believe that young people are encouraged to join various youth organizations by the desire to stand out from the general mass of society and express their protest against the established foundations and practices.

6. 40% of respondents are sure that young people adhere to certain youth subcultures in order to satisfy the need for communication according to interests and views.

7. 60% of respondents believe that youth subcultures are generally harmless and that joining them does not entail any risks.

8. 40% of respondents are sure that joining the ranks of adherents of any youth subculture can bring harm in the future, both physically and psychologically.

empirical object this study acts youth and students of Berdsk. About 90 thousand people live in Berdsk. Based on the fact that young people make up approximately 35% of total number residents of the city of Berdsk, the volume of the general population in this case is 31.5 thousand people. With such a size of the general population, the recommended sample size is 10 thousand people.

However, due to the impossibility of interviewing such a number of people, a total of 30 young people were interviewed. These studies do not apply to the entire population, as the sample population is not representative.

To conduct the study, a purposeful method was used to select observation units in the sample. As a method of selecting units of observation, spontaneous selection was used, namely the selection of "one's own kind."

2. ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY.

A sociological study was conducted, the purpose of which was to assess the attitude of young people and students of the city of Berdsk to youth subcultures, including informal ones. The survey was conducted by the method of questioning. A total of 30 respondents were interviewed.

The respondents in the study were young people from 14 to 30 years old. Of these: 50% were boys and 50% were girls.

Tables of primary data processing based on the results of the survey are presented in Appendix B.

The results of the questionnaire survey made it possible to identify how young people and students interpret the concept youth subculture: 13.3% of respondents define youth subculture as a form of leisure, 36.7% as a temporary hobby, and the remaining 50% of respondents believe that youth subculture is a lifestyle of modern youth (APPENDIX B, Table 2).

10% of respondents define an informal youth association as a group of people who violate public order, who live contrary to the rules of behavior and morality accepted in society; 36.7% of respondents believe that this is a group of young people united by common non-standard interests and hobbies; and more than half of all respondents (53.3%) define an informal youth association as a young group of people protesting society with their unusual behavior, appearance and specific views on life (APPENDIX B, Table 3).

According to the results of the survey, more than half of the respondents (53.3%) had experience of communicating with representatives of informal subcultures (APPENDIX B, Table 4), and this refutes one of the hypotheses put forward, which refers to only 20% of the respondents.

Rice. 1. The distribution of answer options is not a question: “Have you had any experience of communicating with representatives of informal subcultures?”

6.7% of all respondents generally have a negative attitude towards various subcultures, which confirms the hypothesis put forward; 70% of respondents expressed their indifference on this issue, and 23.3% have a positive attitude towards youth subcultures, which also confirms the hypotheses (APPENDIX B, Table 5). In general, the survey data reflect the veracity of the underlying hypothesis that the attitude of young people and students to youth subcultures, including informal ones, is ambiguous. However, as the results of the survey showed, girls have a more negative attitude towards youth subcultures than boys: 24% of all girls and 13% of boys surveyed expressed their negative attitude towards this issue (APPENDIX B, Table 16).

Rice. 2.

All respondents to some extent recognize the threat to the public in the existence of youth subcultures, but the vast majority (83.3%) believe that not all youth movements are so dangerous (APPENDIX B, Table 6). Opinions on this issue among girls and boys are divided, because according to the survey, 20% of girls and 13% of boys are sure that youth associations are dangerous for society (APPENDIX B, Table 17).

20% of respondents are interested in certain areas of youth subcultures, 33.3% expressed their indifference, 6.7% answered that they did not know anything about it, and the remaining 40% were not interested in any youth movements (APPENDIX B, Table 7). Moreover, only 23.3% of all respondents answered that there are youth movements whose views, ideas and hobbies they like (APPENDIX B, Table 8). The results of the survey showed that young men are more interested in youth subcultures: 26% of all surveyed young men and 13% of all surveyed girls expressed their interest in the directions of youth movements (APPENDIX B, Table 18). 34% of all surveyed boys and 13% of all surveyed girls expressed their sympathy for the ideas and views of certain youth subcultures (APPENDIX B, Table 19).

Half of all respondents believe that young people are encouraged to join various youth associations by the desire to stand out from the crowd and express their protest against the established foundations and practices, which generally confirms the hypothesis put forward. 10% of respondents believe that the desire to fulfill oneself is an incentive, 40% are sure that young people are attracted by common non-standard interests and views (APPENDIX B, Table 9).

The results of the survey showed that all respondents are more or less aware of the risks associated with joining youth organizations, but more than half of the respondents (80%) suggest that not all youth associations are so dangerous. Only 20% of respondents are sure that joining the ranks of adherents of any youth subculture is fraught with negative consequences(APPENDIX B, Table 10). The results obtained refute the hypothesis, which refers to 40% of respondents who believe that joining youth movements in the future brings harm, both moral and physical. All the young men surveyed believe that not all youth associations are so dangerous. girls in this issue are more radical: 40% of all girls surveyed are sure that joining youth organizations entails negative consequences (APPENDIX B, Table 21).

23.3% of the respondents would react sharply negatively to the fact that one of their relatives joined the representatives of the youth subculture. 36.7% expressed a more loyal attitude on this issue. The same percentage of respondents answered that everything would depend on which youth movement they decide to join, and 3.3% expressed complete indifference (APPENDIX B, Table 11).

More than half of all respondents (76.7%) are sure that the state should exercise control over youth organizations and movements in one way or another (APPENDIX B, Table 12). On this issue, girls are more radical than boys: 87% of all girls surveyed and 66% of all boys surveyed spoke in favor of state control (APPENDIX B, Table 23).

Rice. 3.

Based on the results of sociological research, generalized conclusions can be drawn.

The youth and students of the city of Berdsk, for the most part, believe that the youth subculture is the lifestyle of modern youth. Most of the respondents had some experience of communicating with representatives of informal subcultures. Both boys and girls expressed their indifference towards youth subcultures in general, however, boys are more interested in various directions youth movements. Girls, on the other hand, turned out to be more radical than boys in matters of negative influence, the threat to the public and state control over youth organizations and movements.

In the course of the study, the hypothesis-foundation "The attitude of young people and students to youth subcultures, including informal ones, is not unambiguous" was confirmed. The hypothesis “20% of respondents had experience of communicating with representatives of informal subcultures” was not confirmed, since the results of the study showed that more than 50% of all respondents had this experience of communication. Also, the hypothesis “40% of respondents are sure that joining the ranks of adherents of any youth subculture can further harm both physically and psychologically” was not confirmed, since in practice only 20% of respondents adhere to this point of view.

CONCLUSION

As a result of the research work objectives were achieved.

The level of awareness of young people and students about various subcultures, including informal ones, was revealed.

It was established how the respondents relate to youth associations as such: in general, the vast majority of the respondents, both boys and girls, expressed their indifference on this issue.

It was found that more than half of the young people surveyed had experience of communicating with representatives of informal subcultures.

Young people and students of the city of Berdsk, for the most part, believe that the reason that encourages young people to adhere to one or another subculture is the desire to stand out from the crowd and express their protest against the established foundations and practices.

It was found that all respondents are aware of the risks associated with joining youth organizations to one degree or another.

1. Rakovskaya O.A. Social orientations of youth: tendencies, problems, prospects / M.: "Nauka". - 1993.

2. Electronic textbook in sociology (Kaigorodova L.A.): www.zakroma.narod.ru

3. Nikolsky D. Sociology of youth (Youth extremism and youth subculture)/http://www.romic.ru/referats/0703.htm

4. Bobakho V.A., Levikova S.I. Modern tendencies youth culture: conflict or continuity of generations? // Social sciences and modernity. - 1996. - No. 3.

APPENDIX A.

Questionnaire for the survey of youth and students.

Topic: "Attitude of youth and students to youth subcultures, including informal ones"

Dear friends!

This sociological questionnaire is devoted to the study of the attitude and awareness of young people about various youth subcultures. Your answers will help identify possible risks when joining various youth organizations, determine the reasons that encourage young people to join the ranks of adherents of informal movements.

1. Gender:  M

2. In your opinion, youth subculture is ( 1 answer option):

 form of leisure;

 temporary hobby;

 lifestyle of modern youth.

3. What do you think is an informal youth association? ( 1 answer option)

 a group of people who violate public order, living contrary to the rules of behavior and morality accepted in society;

 a group of young people united by common non-standard hobbies and interests;

 a group of young people protesting society with their unusual behavior, appearance and specific outlook on life;

4. Have you had any experience of communicating with representatives of informal subcultures?

5. How do you feel about different youth subcultures?

 negative;

 I don’t care, I never thought about it;

 is positive.

6. Do you agree that the existence of youth subcultures is a threat to the public?

 I believe that NOT all youth subcultures pose a danger to society;

7. Are you interested in any areas of youth subcultures?

 I don't care;

 I don't know anything about them.

8. Are there any youth movements whose views, ideas and hobbies you like?

9. What do you think motivates young people to join various youth organizations? ( 1 answer option)

 the desire to stand out from the crowd and express their protest against the prevailing foundations and orders;

 common non-standard interests and views;

 desire for self-actualization.

10. Do you think that joining youth organizations is fraught with negative consequences?

 course (drugs, physical injuries, psychological problems);

 I do not think that all youth associations are so dangerous;

No, I'm sure it's completely harmless.

11. How would you react to the fact that one of your relatives (relatives, friends) will join the representatives of the youth subculture?

 sharply negative;

 I have nothing against youth associations, but I would not like my relatives to join them;

 I think it all depends on which youth movement they decide to join;

 I don't care, that's their business;

 is positive.

12. Should the state exercise control over youth organizations and movements in any way?

Tables of primary data processing based on the results of the survey

Distribution of respondents by gender:

Table 1.

I. Distribution of response options for young people and students:

Table 2.

Table 3

Table 4

Distribution of answers of young people and students to the question: "How do you feel about different subcultures?"

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

Table 9

Table 10

Table 11

Distribution of options for the answers of young people and students to the question: "Should the state in any way exercise control over youth organizations and movements?"

Table 12

II . Distribution of answer options for young people and students by gender:

Distribution of options for answers of young people and students to the question: “In your opinion, youth subculture is…”

Table 13

Distribution of options for the answers of young people and students to the question: “What do you think is an informal youth association?”

Table 14

Distribution of answers of young people and students to the question: "Have you had any experience of communicating with representatives of informal subcultures?"

Table 15

Distribution of answers of young people and students to the question: "How do you feel about different subcultures?"

Table 16

Distribution of options for the answers of young people and students to the question: “Do you agree that the existence of youth subcultures is a threat to the public?”

Table 17

Distribution of answers of young people and students to the question: “Are any areas of youth subcultures interesting for you?”

Table 18

Distribution of options for the answers of young people and students to the question: “Are there any youth movements whose views, ideas and hobbies you like?”

Table 19

Distribution of answers of young people and students to the question: “What, in your opinion, encourages young people to join various youth associations?”

Table 20

Distribution of options for the answers of young people and students to the question: “Do you think that joining youth organizations is fraught with negative consequences?”

Table 21

Distribution of answers of young people and students to the question: "How would you feel about the fact that one of your relatives (relatives, friends) will join the representatives of the youth subculture?"

Table 22.

Distribution of options for the answers of young people and students to the question: "Should the state in any way exercise control over youth organizations and movements?"

Table 23

Answer options

Youths

content:

The democratization of our society has opened up many opportunities for expressing one's views and aspirations. Therefore, today, literally at every step, we can meet representatives of various subcultures, and people of an informal appearance today are found not only on the streets of megacities, but also in small towns and even villages. As for me, I am not an ardent admirer of any youth movement and I believe that to express your own worldview, it is enough just to have a desire and it is not at all necessary to radically change your appearance. On the other hand, I believe that any youth subculture has the right to exist, and each of us can become a full-fledged representative of any youth movement.

As far as I know, a subculture is any movement whose characteristics different from the traditional notions in mainstream culture. Most often, there are few representatives of the subculture in relation to representatives of traditional trends in art, literature and other types. cultural activities modern man. Currently, there are subcultures that are formed on the basis of demographic, national, geographical, professional and other interests that are most common in our society.

Currently, a special niche is occupied by various subcultures of modern youth. Today, there are many reasons that contribute to the emergence of young people who stand out from the crowd in their appearance, and sometimes in their behavior. It is generally accepted that the main reason is the desire of a person to stand out and show his individuality. I think that this is not entirely true. If there is a small group of people who just want to be different from the gray crowd, then all their followers are just copying them. And the fact that Tonys join any movement or representatives of a subculture is just a fear of being unrecognized among their peers. Personally, I think that people who are not distinguished by courage and who are not able to stand out individually are prone to such imitation.

Another reason for the emergence of youth subcultures is, of course, a move away from boring everyday reality into a more interesting ... and eventful life. However, even here I cannot understand those who become participants in informal movements. I believe that each of us can decorate our life and saturate it with interesting events in thousands of other ways, and for this it is not necessary to dress in defiant clothes, do shocking hairstyles and behave differently than everyone else.

Some modern researchers social phenomena believe that in our country at all times there was a certain core, from which one or another subculture arose. Others believe that the emergence of informal youth movements is caused by the economic and social instability of our society over the years. last decade. In addition, quite often among the reasons for the spread of subcultures is the loss of moral and cultural values that are necessary for a normal existence. modern society and normal relations between its representatives.

I believe that all these reasons are only half true. And the main impetus for the emergence of a huge number of youth informal movements was the anarchy of the early 90s and Free access to the West, which has been closed to our compatriots for more than half a century. Fortunately, many subcultures disappeared as quickly as they appeared. And those that survived - metalheads, goths, emo, ravers, football fans, bikers and some others, have proved their right to exist. I am sure that all of them have lost their pro-Western signs and today they are proof of the democratization of our society and its loyalty to informal movements.

The image of a representative of any subculture is not only his clothes, but also a demonstration by his appearance of the values and beliefs that the movement promotes. And today, each of the currently existing youth subcultures has every chance of eventually developing into a full-fledged culture. An example of this is some of the advanced ideas that have found understanding and support in our society, as well as great interest in actions and other events that are regularly held by representatives of various youth subcultures.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION NOVOSIBIRSK STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

CALCULATION AND GRAPHIC work

discipline: sociology

on the topic: "Attitude of youth and students to youth subcultures, including informal ones"

Completed:

Checked:

ABSTRACT

The report consists of 30 pages, 2 parts, 23 tables, 3 figures, 4 references, 2 appendices.

The main concepts used in the study:

Subculture,

Youth subculture,

The youth,

counterculture,

Informal.

Research problem: there is a need for information about how young people and students of the city of Berdsk relate to youth subcultures, including informal ones.

Object of research: youth subcultures.

Empirical object of research: youth and students of the city of Berdsk.

Subject of study: the attitude of young people and students of the city of Berdsk to youth subcultures, including informal ones.

The purpose of the work is to assess the attitude of young people and students of the city of Berdsk to youth subcultures, including informal ones.

In the process of work, a questionnaire survey was conducted among young people and students of the city of Berdsk, through a specially designed questionnaire.

Introduction 4

1. PROGRAM OF SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON THE TOPIC: "The attitude of youth and students to youth subcultures, including informal ones." 5

1.1. Methodological section of the program. 5

1.1.1 Description of the problem situation, problem statement, 5

object, subject and purpose of the study. 5

1.1.2 The degree of knowledge of the problem "Youth and Leisure". 5

1.1.3. The initial theoretical scheme of the object under study. 9

1.1.5. Definition of private tasks. 10

1.1.6 Formulation of hypotheses. eleven

1.2. The procedural section of the program. 12

1.2.1. Characteristics of the empirical object of study and substantiation of the type and method of sampling. 12

2. ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY. 12

2.1. Description and interpretation of primary data. 12

CONCLUSION 18

LIST OF USED SOURCES 19

APPENDIX A.20

Introduction

1. PROGRAM OF SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON THE TOPIC: "The attitude of youth and students to youth subcultures, including informal ones."

1.1. Methodological section of the program.

1.1.1 Description of the problem situation, problem statement,

object, subject and purpose of the study.

The problem is that there is a need for information about how young people and students of the city of Berdsk relate to youth subcultures, including informal ones.

Object of research: youth subcultures.

Subject of study: the attitude of young people and students of the city of Berdsk to youth subcultures, including informal ones.

The purpose of the study is to assess the attitude of young people and students of the city of Berdsk to youth subcultures, including informal ones.

1.1.2 The degree of knowledge of the problem "Youth and Leisure".

The youth subculture is born and exists in connection with the specific needs of young people. It is based on a special way of relating to the world with its own system of spiritual values.

Youth subculture is a special way of life, it is nothing but a form of self-expression of the young.

The study of youth subcultures has long been an important direction in the sociology of youth.

M. I. Rozhkov, M. A. Kovalchuk, A. M. Khodyrev in the article “Features of the subculture of informal youth associations” distinguish three characteristics of the youth subculture. Its main characteristic feature is its isolation, detachment, often demonstrative, outrageous, from the cultural values of older generations, national traditions. Another characteristic feature is the predominance of consumption over creativity. And the third characteristic feature can be called avant-garde, striving for the future, often extreme. 2

According to V. D. Ermakov 3 , most members of informal associations, unlike their peers who are not members of such associations, are characterized by maturity in social relations. They are less prone to youthful infantilism, independently determine the truth of social values, are more flexible in their behavior in conflict situations, and have a strong-willed character.

However, other sociologists take a different view. Yu.N. Davydov and I.B. Rodnyanskaya consider youth subcultures as a manifestation of infantilism and the unwillingness of young people to join " adult life". 4

Researchers classify youth associations and groups in different ways. For example, I.P. Bashkatov 5 distinguishes four types of informal associations: socially neutral (naughty) communication groups; pre-criminal or asocial imitation groups; unstable criminal or antisocial groups; persistent criminal or criminal groups.

On a social and legal basis, there are:

1) pro-social, or socially active, with a positive orientation of activity. For example: groups of ecological protection, protection of monuments, environment.

2) socially passive, whose activities are neutral in relation to social processes. For example: music and sports fans.

3) asocial - hippies, punks, criminal gangs, drug addicts, etc.

According to the orientation of interests, the sociologist M. Topalov classifies youth associations and groups as follows:

Passion for modern youth music;

Striving for law enforcement activities;

Actively involved in certain sports;

Parasports - various fans;

Philosophical and mystical;

Environmentalists.

Professor S. A. Sergeev offers the following typology of youth subcultures:

Romantic-escapist subcultures (hippies, Indianists, Tolkienists, with well-known reservations - bikers).

Hedonistic-entertaining (majors, ravers, rappers, etc.),

Criminal ("gopniks", "lubers")

Anarcho-nihilistic (punks, extremist subcultures of the "left" and "right" wing), which can also be called radically destructive.

Professor Z. V. Sikevich gives a slightly different description of the informal amateur youth movement, taking into account the fact that involvement in a particular group may be associated with:

1) with a way of spending time - music and sports fans, metalheads, amateurs and even Nazis;

2) with a social position - eco-cultural;

3) with a way of life - "systemists" and their numerous offshoots;

4) with alternative art - not officially recognized painters, sculptors, musicians, actors, writers and others. 6

Until the beginning of the 80s. youth culture was in the "underground" and therefore could not become the subject of research by official science. Only with the advent of a series of publicistic speeches that excited public opinion with the criminal nature of youth groups (for example, rockers), the study of this issue became possible and even caused a real boom, which ended as unexpectedly and quickly as it began.

In the general surge of interest in youth groups in those years, the most serious work looks like a theoretical study by Belarusian sociologists I. Andreeva and L. Novikova, who attempted to apply cultural theories for the empirical study of youth subcultures in a large city. 7

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As far as I know, a subculture is any trend whose characteristic features differ from traditional ideas in the generally accepted culture. Most often, there are few representatives of the subculture in relation to representatives of traditional trends in art, literature and other types of cultural activities of modern man. Currently, there are subcultures that are formed on the basis of demographic, national, geographical, professional and other interests that are most common in our society.

Currently, a special niche is occupied by various subcultures of modern youth. Today, there are many reasons that contribute to the emergence of young people who stand out from the crowd in their appearance, and sometimes in their behavior. It is generally accepted that the main reason is the desire of a person to stand out and show his individuality. I think that this is not entirely true. If there is a small group of people who just want to be different from the gray crowd, then all their followers are just copying them. And the fact that Tony adjoin any movement or representatives of a subculture is just a fear of being unrecognized among their peers. Personally, I think that people who are not distinguished by courage and who are not able to stand out individually are prone to such imitation.

Another reason for the emergence of youth subcultures is, of course, the departure from boring everyday reality to a more interesting and eventful life. However, even here I cannot understand those who become participants in informal movements. I believe that each of us can decorate our life and saturate it with interesting events in thousands of other ways, and for this it is not necessary to dress in defiant clothes, do shocking hairstyles and behave differently than everyone else.

Some modern researchers of social phenomena believe that in our country at all times there was a certain core, from which one or another subculture arose. Others believe that the emergence of informal youth movements is caused by the economic and social instability of our society over the past decade. In addition, quite often among the reasons for the spread of subcultures is the loss of moral and cultural values that are necessary for the normal existence of modern society and normal relationships between its representatives.

I believe that all these reasons are only half true. And the main impetus for the emergence of a huge number of youth informal movements was the anarchy of the early 90s and free access to the West, which was closed to our compatriots for more than half a century. Fortunately, many subcultures disappeared as quickly as they appeared. And those that survived - metalheads, goths, emo, ravers, football fans, bikers and some others, have proved their right to exist. I am sure that all of them have lost their pro-Western signs and today they are proof of the democratization of our society and its loyalty to informal movements.

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