Research work. Theme: Guitar
Protection of project work on music on the topic:
"Where does the guitar come from?"
Made by Drop Semyon
6th grade student
For my project, I chose the theme “Where are you from my guitar?”. I have been learning classical guitar for 5 years now. music school. how it acquired its modern look and sound.
Goal of the work:
Below, you see the tasks that I solved while working on the project.
Work tasks:
Project product my work this presentation. I hope that my story will help me arouse in my comrades the desire to take this amazing musical instrument and learn how to play it.
The guitar is a stringed plucked instrument that is a member of the lute family. Its history spans over 4,000 years.
The earliest evidence of stringed instruments, the ancestors of the modern guitar, dates back to the second millennium BC. e. You see kinnor,stringed instrument mentioned in biblical stories.
In ancient Egypt, similar instruments were also known: nabla, tanbur in Egypt, cithara in ancient Greece. As we can see, the ancestors of the guitar came to Europe from Egypt and Mesopotamia.
These early instruments usually had four strings. The word guitar comes from the ancient Persian "chartar", which literally means "four strings". Images of the guitar are found in medieval frescoes and paintings.
In the middle of the XIII century, the Arabs brought the guitar to Spain, where it became a truly folk instrument, used for solo playing, accompaniment to singing and dancing. By the beginning of the Renaissance 4th string guitar became dominant in most European countries. 
MauritanianAndlatin. The sound of the Moorish guitar was sharp. Latin, on the contrary, gave a very soft sound.
In the 16th century in Spain, the guitar becomes a truly folk instrument, a fifth is added to the four strings, and from that time the guitar receives the Spanish system and name spanish guitar.
In the 17th century appears whole line the most talented virtuosos and composers who raised the art of playing the guitar to a very high level. Among them Francesco Corbetta, court guitarist of the kings of Spain, his student Robert de Wiese court guitarist of King Louis XIV of France.
During the XVIII-XIX centuries, the design of the Spanish guitar undergoes significant changes, the masters experiment with the size and shape of the body, the fastening of the neck, and the design of the peg mechanism. Finally, in the 19th century, a Spanish guitar maker gave the guitar a modern shape and size. Guitars designed by Torres are today called classic.
At the same time, a whole galaxy of outstanding guitarists and composers appeared. They are Spaniards and Italians. .
In the second half of the 19th century, the Spanish composer, virtuoso soloist and teacher Francisco Tarrega Eschea. In his hands the guitar turns into a small orchestra. He made arrangements of works by Chopin, Bach, Beethoven for the guitar.
Andres Segovia. In the history of Spain, there was no other artist who so actively promoted Spanish music around the world.
At the end of the 18th century, a six-string guitar appeared in Russia, but it was not adapted to the structure of Russian folk music, so a seven-string version of the Spanish guitar appeared, called "Russian guitar".
Andrei Osipovich Sikhra. Without a seven-string guitar, it is difficult to imagine such a magnificent phenomenon of musical culture as Russian urban romance and gypsy music.
Alexander Mikhailovich Ivanov-Kramskoy - an outstanding performer, composer and teacher who played both solo, and with an orchestra, and with an organ, and in a duet with a violin, and as part of quartets and quintets.
I found out that there are many varieties of the guitar nowadays.
classical guitar. It usually has nylon strings, they have a wide neck, and they are usually played without the use of a pick.
Acoustic guitar. They are also called Country or Western guitars. They have a loud sound, as they are placed on metal strings and played mainly with a pick.
These guitars are characterized by large bodies and a very loud sound. They are most suitable for accompaniment and are used in Rock, Pop, Blues, Country music..
It has six strings, under which the skin is stretched. They play it with a special plectrum. Unlike the sonorous timbre of other guitars. The Hawaiian has a soft, drawn out, slightly nasal sound.
In the twentieth century, the birth of a new - electric guitar. With her appearance in the world of music there was a real sensation.
Victor Ivanovich Zinchuk - the strongest Russian virtuoso guitarist, composer, arranger, Honored Artist of Russia. In addition to creating his own music, he made many arrangements of classical music by various composers.
Semi-acoustic guitar. Guitars of this type most often you can hear in jazz, for which they received the second name - jazz.
becomes a popular musical instrument in Russia.
In my opinion, the reasons for the growing interest in the guitar among young people are understandable. These include, first of all, the desire of adolescents to increase self-respect from their peers. But most importantly, it attracts with its beauty of sound.
I think that I have solved the problem of my project, as a lot of work has been done aimed at drawing attention to the guitar art. If, after my presentation, at least one teenager wants to pick up this tool or feels a little more respect for it than before, then I will consider my task completed.
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"000 Where the guitar project comes from"
MUNICIPAL BUDGET GENERAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL № 1
Project work for music on the topic:
"Where does the guitar come from?"
Made by Drop Semyon
6th grade student
Scientific adviser: Vakulenko G.A.
Plan:
I .Introduction
II .Theoretical part
2.1. The history of the guitar.
2.2. XVI-XVIII century (guitar in Spain).
2.3. XIX century.
2.4. The history of the development of the guitar in Russia.
2.5. XX century.
2.6. Varieties of the guitar today.
III . Conclusion
IV . Bibliography
I .Introduction
For my project, I chose the theme “Where are you from my guitar?”. I have been learning classical guitar for 4 years at a music school. I wanted to know when the guitar appeared how it acquired its modern look and sound, trace the development of the instrument, as well as learn about famous guitar composers and performers.
Goal of the work: get acquainted with the history of the appearance of the guitar, varieties of the guitar, composers and guitarists-performers.
Work tasks:
1. To study and analyze the history of the emergence and development of the instrument.
2. To get acquainted with the work of the most outstanding guitar players and composers who composed music for the guitar.
3. Demonstrate the performance capabilities of classical guitar using the example of your performance.
project product my work will be the presentation “Where are you from, my guitar”. This project product will help me inspire some of my students to pick up this amazing musical instrument and learn how to play it.
II .Theoretical part
2.1. The history of the guitar.
The guitar is the most mysterious instrument in its history. There is a lot of controversy, but no one can really explain its history. Where did this instrument come from, and what did it represent in those distant times? Let's try to understand the history of the guitar as the progenitor of all types of modern guitars.
This amazingly beautiful sounding and very popular musical instrument today has a long history. After many years of research by scientists, it can be assumed that its history begins in the East, when the first plucked instruments made from tortoise shell or pumpkin were created. The first image of a musical instrument shaped like a guitar was discovered during the archaeological excavations of the temple of Bel in Nuffar, located in the former territory of Sumero-Babylonia. A clay bas-relief dating back to the middle of the 3rd millennium BC depicts a shepherd sitting on a stone and playing a musical instrument. The oblong-rounded body of the instrument and the long neck suggest that this kinnor
,
the prototype of the guitar, often mentioned in biblical stories. 
Another image, discovered during excavations on the territory of the former New Hittite Empire (XV-XIV centuries BC), depicts an instrument with a body in the form of a figure eight with several small voices and a long neck with fret plates. There is an assumption that the instrument among the Hittites, as well as among the Sumerians, was called kinnor.
Kinnor was also known in ancient Egypt. According to one version, it comes to the Egyptians around the 15th century BC. and gets a name nefera ornabla . According to another, this musical instrument appeared in Egypt and in Sumero-Babylonia at about the same time.
During the excavations of the Assyrian palace in the city of Nineveh (VIII - VII centuries BC), a bas-relief depicting a solemn worship in the temple was found. On the bas-relief we see two dancers in lion masks and a musician with an instrument resembling a guitar. This musical instrument is remarkable in that it looks like a Latin guitar and is currently found among the peoples of Asia Minor under the name vestibule.
The Babylonians of the time of Nebuchadnezzar (VII - VI centuries BC) had a musical instrument subback orsambuco , having four strings, a convex body and a neck with frets. It was adopted from the Babylonians by the ancient Greeks and Romans. Passing from Asia to Europe, Sambuk over time different peoples changed its name (pectis, magadis ), but eventually became known as Asian kithara or simply kitari (kitarrs).
in Athens national museum there is a sculptural image of a performer on this instrument. The image dates back to 400 BC. 
There is even the legend of the origin of kithara. “The god of the sun, poetry and music, Apollo, saw Cupid, the son of Venus, a malicious and naughty boy, and began to scold him: “Baby, it’s too early for you to play with bow and arrows!”. Cupid was very angry. Full of vindictive feelings, he fired an arrow into the heart of Apollo, who immediately fell in love with Daphne, a beautiful nymph who happened to be passing by. Cupid fired another arrow at Daphne's heart to make her feel disgusted by Apollo. Apollo began to pursue Daphne, and when he overtook her, she prayed to the gods for help. The gods heeded the prayer and turned it into a laurel tree (the Greek word "Daphne" means laurel tree). Apollo made a musical instrument kitaru from laurel, and since then great poets and artists have been crowned with laurel leaves. Kitara retained from her feminine origins graceful body shapes, a tendency to whims and unpredictable behavior. On one of the ancient Greek bas-reliefs of the 4th century BC. e. depicts a woman playing a musical instrument resembling a guitar. It is believed that it was from the kitara that the guitar got its name.
Since the middle of the XIII century, information about the evolution of the guitar, about its properties, about its role in musical life become more accurate. It was at this time that the Arabs brought the guitar to Spain, where it became a truly folk instrument, used for solo playing, singing accompaniment and dance accompaniment, as evidenced by miniature manuscripts on which artists captured court minstrels with guitars.
2.2. XVI - XVIII century (guitar in Spain).
Among the first were two varieties of the Spanish guitar: Mauritanian Andlatin. The first has a convex bottom soundboard, the musician mainly uses a plectrum, the strings are stretched so that they are attached to the lower base of the instrument. It is known that the sound emitted by the Moorish guitar was sharp. Latin, on the contrary, gave a very soft sound, its soundboard was flat, played on it with the help of fingers. But the position that can be traced for the guitar at that time is oblique.
The Latin guitar already resembles the modern classical guitar in design and sound.. When playing the Latin or Roman kithar, the punteado technique was used, that is, playing with a pinch. And when playing the Moorish or Arabic kithar - the rasgeado technique, that is, “rattling” along the strings with all the fingers of the right hand. Later, the pinch game became the basis of the classical school. In turn, playing with the rasgeado technique became the basis of the Spanish style of flamenco performance, and sound extraction with the help of various devices was reflected in modern playing with mediators.
The flourishing of the musical culture of Europe in the Renaissance (XV - XVI centuries) had a beneficial effect on the development of guitar art. In the 16th century in Spain, the guitar becomes a truly folk instrument, a fifth is added to the four strings known since ancient times, and from that time the guitar receives the Spanish system and name. spanish guitar
.
The strings on such a guitar were doubled, and only the first string "singer" could be single. 
There is a constant search for improvements in the design of the instrument and the technique of playing it. And in the 17th century, a number of talented virtuosos and composers appeared who raised the art of playing the guitar to a very high level. Among them are F. Corbetta, court guitarist of the kings of Spain, France and England, his student R. de Vize, court guitarist of King Louis XIV of France, F. Campion, G. Sanz and many others. The first tablature collections and manuals for the guitar began to appear, in which old Spanish dances were printed - passaglia, chaconnes, sarabandes, folios and other pieces. 
It should be noted that five-string guitars made such outstanding violin makers XVIII century as Antonio Stradivari and Giovanni Guadagnini. The gut strings used at the time could not provide stable, stable tuning, and the double strings of the guitar had to be tuned frequently. That's why at the end of the 18th century, a sixth string and a guitar were added to the Spanish five-string guitar got its classic look, slightly changing the tuning to better use the sound of open strings. In this form, the guitar has become a serious musical instrument with a wide range of possibilities.
And by the end of the 18th century, the six-string guitar penetrated into chamber music and became a concert instrument. This time in the history of the guitar has been referred to as the "golden age" of the guitar.
2.3. XIX century.
It should be noted that by the end of the 18th century, the repertoire of works was also significantly expanding, and in early XIX century among the authors you can find the names of famous musicians. Excellent guitar playing Nicolo Paganini. “I am the king of the violin,” he said, “and the guitar is my queen.” Paganini wrote many works for the guitar - romances, sonatas, variations. He included guitar in his quartets along with violin, viola and cello.
Franz Schubert, Karl Weber, Hector Berlioz played the guitar and wrote for it. Berlioz's notes mention that he owes his initial musical education to the guitar.
At the same time, a whole galaxy of outstanding guitarists and composers (or guitar composers) appeared, who greatly enriched the very image of the guitar as a solo instrument. Now these composers are indisputable authorities who laid the foundation for the modern guitar school.
These are Spaniards Fernando Sor, Dionisio Aguado, Italians Mauro Giuliani, Ferdinand Corulli, Matteo Carcassi, as well as composers from other countries who left musical literature for this instrument, ranging from small pieces to sonatas and concertos with an orchestra.
In the second half of the 19th century, a new bright name appeared in the history of the guitar - a Spanish composer, virtuoso soloist and teacher Francisco Tarrega Eschea. He creates his own style of writing. In his hands the guitar turns into a small orchestra. 
The performance work of this remarkable musician influenced the work of his friends - composers Albeniz, Granados, de Falla and others. In their piano works one can often hear imitation of the guitar.
Fanatical guitarist, Tarrega composed, made arrangements of works by Chopin, Bach, Beethoven, as well as his compatriots and all free time devoted to the development of his skills. He is rightfully considered the father of the modern classical guitar, since all its further development bears the imprint of the work of this master. Tarrega created his own school of guitar playing, which was subsequently used, developed and continued by his students.
The case begun by Tarrega was brilliantly continued by another Spanish guitarist - Andres Segovia. There has never been an artist in the history of Spain who has been so active in promoting Spanish music around the world. Once, explaining why the guitar is a favorite instrument in Spain, Segovia said that one Spaniard is already a whole society, just like one guitar is a whole orchestra! 
The playing technique of these great musicians made it possible to perform very complex works in large concert halls. It was from this period that the guitar acquired the status of a solo concert instrument, taking one of the leading places among others. classical instruments.
In addition, during the XVIII-XIX centuries, the design of the Spanish guitar undergoes significant changes, the masters experiment with the size and shape of the body, neck fastening, the design of the peg mechanism, and so on. Finally, at the end of the 19th century, a Spanish guitar master Antonio Torres gives the guitar a modern shape and size, which today are called classic.
2.4. The history of the development of the guitar in Russia.
The history of the guitar in Russia is interesting and very original. In its development, it went through approximately the same stages as in the countries of Western Europe. The Russian historian N. Karamzin wrote that back in the 6th century, the Slavs loved to play the cithara and the harp and did not part with them even in harsh military campaigns. Played in Russia and the four-string guitar. In 1769, Academician J. Shtelin wrote about the appearance in Russia during the reign of Empress Elizabeth of the Italian five-string guitar, for which special musical magazines were published. 
At the end of the 18th century, a six-string guitar appeared in Russia. History has preserved the names of two Italians - Giuseppe Sarti and Carlo Canobbio, who were among the first who introduced the Russian public to this instrument. It soon becomes a fashionable tool in all walks of life.
The Italians tried to process Russian songs for the guitar, but they did not succeed well, since the six-string guitar was not adapted to the structure of Russian folk music. That is why, around the same time, a seven-string version of the Spanish guitar appeared, called the "Russian guitar".
Her popularity is associated with the musician Andrei Osipovich Sikhra. Without a seven-string guitar, it is difficult to imagine such a magnificent phenomenon of musical culture as Russian urban romance and gypsy music. Romance, gypsy song and seven-string guitar became one.
Before the October Revolution, the seven-string guitar dominated Russia, then professional musicians turned to the classical instrument, and some bards continued to use the seven-string guitar, as well as gypsies living in Russia (hence the name "gypsy"). 
Composers A.Alyabiev, A.Varlamov, A.Gurilev, M.I.Glinka, P.I.Tchaikovsky, M.A.Balakirev, A.Dargomyzhsky wrote their widely popular romances and songs with guitar or piano accompaniment in a manner close to guitar accompaniment. Traveling in Italy, Glinka, under the influence of Felix Castillo's guitar playing, created his brilliant works for symphony orchestra: "Hunt of Aragon" and "Night in Madrid". And such Russian writers and poets as G.R. Derzhavin, A.S. Pushkin, M.Yu. Lermontov, L.N. Tolstoy devoted more than one page to this instrument in their works.
In the 19th century, thanks to Marcus Aurelius Zani de Ferranti who came to St. Petersburg and then toured Mauro Giuliani and Fernando Sor, the six-string guitar strengthened its position in Russia. Western guitarists awakened an interest in classical guitar among Russian musicians. The concert posters began to appear the names of our compatriots. The first of the significant Russian guitarists who played a six-string instrument were Nikolai Petrovich Makarov, Mark Sokolovsky.
2.5. XX century.
But already at the beginning of the 20th century in Russia, the guitar could only be found among amateur guitarists, old romance in our country at that time it was already banned, and the instrument was treated with prejudice, as a petty-bourgeois instrument. And under these conditions, he comes to Russia on tour Andres Segovia. The tour of the great Spanish guitarist brought the instrument back to life.
I met with Segovia several times Alexander Mikhailovich Ivanov-Kramskoy is an outstanding performer, composer and teacher. It was the conversations with Segovia that helped the Russian guitarist to withstand the most difficult conditions of the 30-50s of the twentieth century. Long years he was the only performing guitarist in our country. The concert creativity of Ivanov-Kramskoy is unusually wide - he played solo, and with an orchestra, and with an organ, and in a duet with a violin, and as part of quartets and quintets.
Teaching guitar in music colleges and schools in Russia began only in the 30s of the twentieth century. One of the first teachers in six-string guitar was Pyotr Spiridonovich Agafoshin. Until that time, Agafoshin participated as a performer in many concerts, accompanied the outstanding singers F. Chaliapin, D. Smirnov, T. Ruffo. For more than 40 years, Agafoshin worked as an orchestra artist at the State Maly Theater. For 20 years of work at the Musical College. October revolution and the Moscow State Conservatory, he trained a huge number of guitarists, teachers, among whom many received wide recognition.
Later, in the middle of the 20th century, lessons on the six-string guitar were introduced in the evening courses of music education at the Music School. V.V. Stasov, at the music school at the conservatory, at the Gnessin Institute and other universities in Russia. Currently, teaching to play the guitar is widely used in children's music schools, art schools, other institutions of additional education for children, as well as in secondary and higher specialized educational institutions in Russia.
Until now, there are two types of guitar in Russia: Russian seven-string and classical six-string guitar. Each tool is good in its inherent role. The technique of playing the classical six-string guitar and the Russian seven-string guitar is almost identical, but the seven-string guitar's tuning is less convenient in complex polyphonic works, it is more suitable for accompaniment.
Unfortunately, the seven-string guitar is almost forgotten today, and it rarely appears on the professional stage, but she is the creative discovery of the Russian people. This is communication with folk song in an amazing arrangement of outstanding Russian guitarists, and popular classics, and a romance, and a song by bards. This is an introduction to national spirituality.
At present, more and more young people are showing interest in this instrument. You can even say that the guitar today is experiencing its next revival and
The possibilities of the guitar are endless, it seems that it can do everything. And today the guitar has been recognized as an instrument of the highest degree of expressiveness, which turned out to be subject to various genres and forms, as well as musical means capable of expressing the deepest feelings.
2.6. Varieties of the guitar today.
Classical guitar. This is the most conservative type of tool. It is she who is a direct descendant of the very Spanish guitar. Classical guitars tend to have nylon strings, have a wide neck, and are usually played without the use of a pick (a small rounded plate that is used to strike the strings). The sound is soft and not loud. Therefore, these instruments are most suitable for playing classical music and therefore they are most often used for teaching in music schools.
The development of the classical guitar continues to this day. Nylon string guitars can now be equipped with a pickup, electronic sound effects processing. You can also install a polyphonic pickup on a classical guitar to use the MID converter, complementing the sound of the guitar with synth sounds.
They are also called Country or Western guitars. These are the most popular acoustic guitars for playing non-classical music. They owe this to their loud sound and adaptability to playing in the most different styles. Metal strings are placed on them and played mainly with a plectrum.
These guitars are characterized by large bodies and very loud (even compared to a dreadnought) sound. They are most suitable for accompaniment and are used primarily in Rock, Pop, Blues, Country music. These guitars are a rarity these days. Since these guitars are also designed to be played with a pick, they have metal strings and a protective plastic overlay on the body.
I will tell you more about these guitars, because with its appearance in the world of music there was a real sensation. And it appeared in 1930, when George Bischamp, fired from the national stringed instruments company, invented the electric pickup.
The principle was as follows: a conductor oscillating in the field created by one or more permanent magnets produces changes in this field, which in turn produces an alternating current in the wire wound around these magnets.
It is also called, jazz guitar combines the advantages of both acoustic and electric guitars. From the first, she got a hollow body with resonating holes, from the second, pickups and all the electronic stuffing. Although such a guitar has the features of acoustics, it cannot be played without an amplifier, since there is no large resonator hole on the top deck and there is too little empty space inside it. Guitars of this type are most often heard in jazz, for which they received their second name.
Currently more and more young people are showing interest in this instrument. You can even say that the guitar today is experiencing its next revival and becomes a popular musical instrument in Russia. This is confirmed by active concert activities of performers and propagandists of the guitar art, as well as the introduction of the instrument into musical educational establishments all levels.
In my opinion, the reasons for the growing interest in the guitar among young people are understandable. These include, first of all, the desire of adolescents to increase self-respect from their peers. But most importantly, it seems to me, it attracts with its beauty of sound.“There are many wonderful solo instruments in the world musical culture, which, thanks to the talent of brilliant musicians, are able to elevate the human spirit and enrich it. But the guitar is something special. With its noble, intimate sound, it is able to create a unique, inner, I would say, philosophical silence ”(A.K. Frauchi). Maybe that's why there are so many people who want to learn the guitar for themselves, for a circle of relatives and friends.
III . Conclusion
I think that I have solved the problem of my project, as a lot of work has been done aimed at drawing attention to the guitar art. And if, after my presentation, at least one teenager wants to pick up this tool or feels a little more respect for him than before, then I will consider my task completed.
In conclusion, I would like to say that the guitar is a “live” instrument, developing over a huge historical period. In the twentieth century, as a result of the so-called electrical revolution, there was another birth of a new - electric - guitar, or - electric guitar. And the interest of musicians, engineers and inventors in it does not weaken, and its new forms and types may appear, but these will already be new instruments experimenting with sound and amplifiers, which have nothing in common with the live sound of an ordinary classical guitar.
IV . Used printed sources and Internet resources:
1. Weisbord M. Andres Segovia. - M .: Music, 1981.
2. Wolman B. Guitar in Russia. - L .: Muzgiz, 1961.
3. Wolman B. Guitar. - M .: Music, 1980.
4. Gazaryan S. In the world of musical instruments. – M.: Enlightenment, 1985.
5. Ivanov M. Russian seven-string guitar. - M. - L.: Muzgiz, 1948.
6. http://www.guitarplans.co.uk.
7. http://guitarra-antiqua.km.ru.
8. http://ru.wikipedia.org.
9. http://mirasky.h1.ru.
10. http://guitarists.ru.
11. http://maurogiuliani.free.fr.
View presentation content
"000 Where does the guitar come from"
"Where does the guitar come from?"
design work
completed:
Drop Semyon
6th grade student
Scientific adviser: Vakulenko G.A.
Goal of the work:
get acquainted with the history of the appearance of the guitar, varieties of the guitar, famous composers and guitarists-performers.
Work tasks:
1. To study and analyze the history of the emergence and development of the instrument.
2. To get acquainted with the work of the most outstanding guitar players and composers who composed music for the guitar.
3. Demonstrate the performance capabilities of classical guitar using the example of your performance.
Guitar – This is a stringed plucked instrument, which is a member of the lute family.
Nabla, tanbur in ancient Egypt.
Kithara in ancient Greece and Rome
Moorish and Latin guitar
in the museum
Francesco Corbetta
Robert
de Vize
Fernando
Dionisio
Aguado
Matteo
Ferdinand
Mauro
Corulli
Giuliani
Carcassi
Francisco Tarrega Eschea
Andres
Segovia
Alexander Mikhailovich
Ivanov-Kramskoy
Acoustic guitar dreadnought
Victor
Zinchuk
semi-acoustic
(jazz) guitar
MINISTRY OF CULTURE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
STATE MUSIC SCHOOL
VARIETY-JAZZ ART
(COLLEGE)
119017, Moscow, st. B.Ordynka, 27, tel. 953-58-80
REPORT
On holding the II All-Russian Festival-Competition "Many-Faced Guitar"
In April 2003, the II All-Russian festival-competition "The Many-Faced Guitar" was held. The competition was held in the following categories:
- classical guitar
- Fusion
For the first time, the nomination acoustic guitar was presented at the competition.
The organizer and executive director was the guitar teacher of the State Musical College of Variety and Jazz Art (college) Sudzhyan M.A.
The participants were evaluated by a jury consisting of:
- Chairman - Honored Artist of the Russian Federation - Garin A.A.,
- jury members - People's Artist of the Russian Federation - Kuznetsov A.A.,
- Laureates of international competitions and festivals - Maloletov D.I., Sudzhyan M.A., Petrov A.L.
The competition was attended by guitarists from various regions of Russia: Moscow, Moscow region, Kaluga, Sochi, Stary Oskol, Bryansk, Primorsky Krai, Vladimir, Astrakhan, Murmansk, Komi Republic. Guitarists from the CIS countries also took part in the competition. In particular, from Ukraine, Bashkiria, Kazakhstan.
Prizes were distributed as follows:
"Grand Prix" of the festival - competition - F.Dosumov (Tashkent) and A.Davidyants (Moscow)
In various nominations they won prizes:
1. "Classical guitar"
I place - Minchenko N.. - (Moscow)
II place - Nakhumova I. (Aleksandrov)
III place - Boldyrev N. (Moscow), Zabolotin P. (Penza)Diploma - Yakimenko N. (Moscow)
Diploma Roshchupkin S. (Stary Oskol)
2. Jazz
1st place - not awarded
II place - Malanov P. (Moscow)
III place - Korop I. (Syktyvkar), Shibin M. (Moscow)Diploma - Anikina E. (Moscow)
3. "Rock"
I place - O. Izotov (Moscow), A. Tsygankov (Moscow)
II place - Sanok M. (Tyumen), Golubev G. (Korolev)Diploma - Orlovsky S. (Moscow)
4. "Fusion"
1st place - not awarded
II place - not awarded
III place - Ivanov A. (Zhukov)
5."Acoustics"
I place - Trukhanov I. (Moscow)Diploma - Ensemble of Children's Music School named after. Verstovsky, Khimki - leader Smirnov A. (graduate of GMUEDI)
The competition revealed new bright talents in the field of guitar performance and created conditions for their further professional training and improvement of artistic skills.
In particular, the winners of the last contest I.Kukalo and I.Trukhanov created the group "Acoustic-Band" and successfully perform in Russia. The winners of this competition F. Dosumov and A. Davidyants received proposals for further creativity.
Director
Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences
Honored Worker of Culture of the Russian Federation
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transcript
1 Research work Topic: Guitar. The history of the origin of the instrument. Completed by: Alexandra Sergeevna Guseva, 8th grade student of the State Budgetary Educational Institution Samara region basic comprehensive school 2 p.g.t. Novosemeykino, municipal district of Krasnoyarsk, Samara region. Head: Marchenko Valentina Vasilievna, teacher of the history of the first qualification category GBOU OOSH 2 p.g.t. Novosemeykino 2017
2 Table of contents Introduction p. Chapter I p. I.1 History of the guitar p. I.2. Construction of the guitar page Chapter II Types of guitars page Chapter III page. III.1. Guitar in various styles of music p. III.2. Guitar and bard song p. Chapter IV. Guitar in my life p. Conclusion p. References p. Appendixes p.
3 Introduction. Music is an art form. Every art has its own language: painting speaks to people through colors, colors and lines, literature through words, and music through sounds. A person has been immersed in the world of music since childhood. Music has a great influence on a person. A very small child may suddenly cry to a sad melody and laugh to a cheerful one, or jump merrily, although he does not yet know what a dance is. What kind of feelings a person does not express with the help of music! “There are many wonderful solo instruments in the world musical culture, which, thanks to the talent of brilliant musicians, are able to elevate the human spirit and enrich it. But the guitar is something special. With its noble, intimate sound, it is able to create a unique, internal, I would say, philosophical silence. The doors of the most prestigious concert halls on all continents have opened for the guitar, it has found its place in the chamber and symphonic works of the world's greatest composers, outstanding guitar players and highly professional performing schools have appeared in many countries. Interest in this instrument leads guitar lovers to circles, studios, music schools, and this interest is not accidental. In our work, we will consider the history of the development of the guitar from ancient times to the present, we will trace the periods of its ups and downs. Gita ra is a stringed plucked musical instrument. It is used as an accompanying or solo instrument in many styles and directions of music, including romance, blues, country, flamenco, rock, metal, jazz. 1
4 As the guitar spread from Central Asia through Greece to Western Europe the word "guitar" underwent changes: "cithara (ϰιθάϱα)" in Ancient Greece, Latin "cithara", "guitarra" in Spain, "chitarra" in Italy, "guitare" in France, "guitar" in England and, finally, " guitar" in Russia. The name “guitar” first appeared in European medieval literature in the 13th century (see page 19). The theme of my research work is “Guitar. The history of the origin of the instrument. The choice of topic is due to the cognitive and creative interests of the author of the project and is associated with musical creativity. The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that the guitar is one of the most popular and perfect stringed instruments belonging to the group of classical instruments. Problem: The guitar is a very popular musical instrument, many students and teenagers listen to musical works with the sound of a guitar, but not everyone knows the origin of this instrument, past and present. The purpose of the research work: To learn the history of the appearance of the guitar, to trace the path of its development, to show the value of the guitar in music. Tasks: To study historical, educational, reference literature about the musical instrument guitar; organize the information received; find out the origin of the guitar, the types of this instrument conduct a survey to identify the level of knowledge about the guitar among school students (Appendix 8) Research methods: Theoretical analysis modern literature generalization, classification, comparison, 2
5 observation Sociological research. Practical application of acquired knowledge. Research hypothesis: Every year there is a growing interest in the musical instrument guitar and its popularity plays a big role in the development and formation contemporary music. Object of study: educational, reference literature about the musical instrument guitar, Internet resources. The novelty of the study: the paper contains theoretical material that examines the origins and development of the guitar, as well as the reasons for the popularization of the instrument. This material presents its own study of the level of popularity of this instrument among school students. Subject of study: guitar, its past and present. The practical significance of the study: the results of my work can be used in the lessons of the Moscow Art Theater, for a sociological study of the level of development of the general musical culture of students. 3
6 Chapter I 1.1 The history of the guitar The earliest surviving evidence of stringed instruments with a resonating body and neck, the ancestors of the modern guitar, dates back to the 2nd millennium BC. e. Images of the kinnor (a Sumerian-Babylonian stringed instrument, mentioned in biblical legends) were found on clay bas-reliefs during archaeological excavations in Mesopotamia. (Appendix 1) In ancient Egypt and India, similar instruments were also known: nabla, nefer, zither in Egypt, wine and sitar in India. In ancient Greece and Rome, the cithara instrument was popular. (see 2, p. 19) the first mention of the guitar goes far into the past, in 3700 BC. It is this date, according to archaeologists, that the tomb of the Theban king dates back, inside which a prototype of a modern guitar was depicted on the wall. The word "guitar" in Sanskrit means "six-string". Initially, it was the word "kutur" which later became the word "sitaru" and even later this word grew into a guitar. The word "guitar" comes from the fusion of two words: the Sanskrit word "sangita", which means "music" and the Old Persian "tar", meaning "string". According to another version, the word "guitar" comes from the Sanskrit word "kutur", meaning " four-string "(cf. three-string setar). (See 3, p. 19) As the guitar spread from Central Asia through Greece to Western Europe, the word "guitar" underwent changes: "cithara (ϰιθάϱα)" in Ancient Greece, Latin "cithara ”, “guitarra” in Spain, “chitarra” in Italy, “guitare” in France, “guitar” in England and finally, “guitar” in Russia. For the first time, the name "guitar" appeared in European medieval literature in the XIII century. (See 1, p. 19) In the 13th century, Arab conquerors brought the guitar to Spain, and after that the guitar became a folk instrument in Spain. (See 4 p. 19) In the middle of the 13th century, all of Europe learned about the guitar, and the appearance of the instrument was almost formed. By the beginning of the Renaissance, the guitar with 4 pairs of strings tuned in unison became dominant in at least 4
7 most European countries. Earliest famous music for her "chitarra" was written in 16th century Spain. The number of strings in the Italian "guitarra battente" was increased to six pairs in the 17th century, and guitar makers throughout Europe followed this trend. The six pairs of strings were gradually replaced by six single strings. The six-stringed instrument became only at the beginning of the 18th century. In the early 19th century, guitars begin to take on their modern form. The classical guitar remains virtually unchanged to this day (see 10, p. 19). In Russia, the guitar appeared relatively late, while in Europe it had already been known for five centuries. The appearance of the guitar on domestic soil was facilitated by the penetration of Western European music into Russia (late 17th - early 18th centuries). This impact was made with the participation Italian composers and musicians Giuseppe Sarti and Carlo Cannobio, who visited Russia at the end of the 17th century. At the beginning of the 19th century, the position of the guitar in Russia was strengthened by the touring virtuoso Italian guitarists and composers Mauro Giuliani and Fernando Sor. And already at the end XVII early 18th century in Russia, the seven-string version of the Spanish guitar is gaining popularity, which is becoming widespread among gypsy performers of romances and songs (see page 11, p. 20) passacaglia, sarabandes, folios, songs, romances), work is underway to improve the design of the guitar and the technique of playing it. In the course of my work, I turned to various sources to find as much information as possible on my topic. These were not only textbooks and literature, music collections, but also Internet resources. This site has short description guitars and a bit of history
8 The site is written about the origin of the instrument, the origin of the name of the instrument, its structure, types of guitars The article tells what a guitar is and its origin The article is written about the history of the guitar 5. This article describes the structure of the guitar 6. This blog describes guitar arrangement and tuning. 7. %D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3 %D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80 %D0%B0 Everything about classical guitar is written on this site. 8. D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D 1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BD %D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D 1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0 The site provides information about the Russian seven-string guitar The article says about various types guitars This site contains the history of the origin of the guitar
9 The site describes the acoustic guitar The article describes the varieties of guitars A lot of interesting material about the acoustic guitar? template=accessibility The article describes the role of the guitar in various genres of music, its valuable contribution to the development of culture The site provides extensive information about the guitar find pictures of famous bards. Conclusion: The guitar penetrates its roots into the deep past, in the II millennium BC, and it began to acquire its modern look from the 18th century and is being improved to this day. The analysis of the studied literature allowed to increase the level of knowledge about the guitar, introduced me to interesting facts (Appendix 7), great guitarists, famous bards. He helped to understand and feel what people experience when playing the guitar, singing their songs, simple, but very soulful, warm, tender. 7
10 1.2 Construction of the guitar. (Appendix 2) An important component is the headstock. Pegs are located on it. The pegs on acoustic and classical guitars are in most cases connected by three pieces on each side, on electric guitars the pegs can be either connected or each pegs separately. By turning the tuning knob, the guitar is tuned by changing the tension of the strings. Frets are located on the outside of the neck at a certain distance from each other. By pinching the strings between the frets, the guitarist extracts sounds higher or lower. Frets can be made of steel or ivory on expensive guitars. Fret markers help the guitarist quickly identify which fret is which. The marks are usually placed on the third, fifth, seventh, tenth and twelfth frets for acoustic guitars. The strings are attached to the stringer. The sound in acoustic and classical is quite loud and without additional devices to amplify the sound. This is because the drum of such guitars is hollow inside. The drum is made of wood, durable plywood or plastic. When buying an inexpensive guitar, you should pay attention to the material of the drum, as guitars with plastic drums sound much "muffled" than guitars with plywood drums. To hide the gluing seams of the drum, a stroke is used, usually in contrast with the main color of the guitar drum. The stroke is also used for decorative purposes. The resonator hole is located directly under the strings and is decorated with a rosette for beauty. The flag is not used on all guitars, and not everyone needs it. If you play the guitar solo, and rest part of your palm on the drum, then the flag will prevent your hand from slipping, it also protects the soundboard from damage by the pick and is a decorative part. (See p. 5 p. 19) Frets (app. 1) Vibrations are the source of sound in the guitar stretched strings. The pitch of the extracted sound is determined by the force of the string tension, length 8
11 vibrating part and the thickness of the string itself. The dependence here is as follows: the thinner the string, the shorter and the stronger it is stretched, the higher it sounds. The main way to control the pitch when playing a guitar is to change the length of the vibrating part of the string. The guitarist presses the string against the fretboard, causing the working part of the string to shorten and the tone emitted by the string to rise ( working part strings in this case there will be a part of the string from the nut to the nut of the fret on which the guitarist's finger is located). Halving the length of a string causes the pitch to rise by an octave. Modern Western music uses the equal temperament 12-note scale. To facilitate playing in such a scale, the so-called “frets” are used in the guitar. A fret is a section of the fretboard with a length that causes the string to rise by one semitone. On the border of the frets in the fretboard, metal frets are strengthened. In the presence of frets, changing the length of the string and, accordingly, the pitch becomes possible only in a discrete way. (see 6, p. 19) Strings. (app. 2) Modern guitars use steel, nylon, or carbon strings. The strings are numbered in order of increasing thickness of the string (and decreasing tone), the thinnest string is number 1. The guitar uses a set of strings - a set of strings of different thicknesses, selected in such a way that at the same tension each string gives a sound of a certain height. The strings are set on the guitar in order of thickness - thick strings giving a lower sound on the left, thin on the right. For left-handed guitarists, the string order can be reversed. Currently, a large number of varieties of string sets are produced, differing in thickness, manufacturing technology, material, sound timbre, type of guitar and application. (see 6, p. 19) 9
12 Modern means of communication actively promote various styles and directions of musical culture. Not last place the guitar in all its diversity occupies this huge information flow. It is safe to say that today the classical guitar has become an integral part of the world academic musical art. When a guitarist is asked why he chose the guitar, the most common answer is: I liked the way it sounds. Yes, I like the sound of the guitar, and this is its advantage. Conclusion. The guitar is not as simple in structure as we think. There are several types of strings: nylon, carbon, steel-based, varying in thickness. The bodies of different guitars are made of spruce, mahogany, cedar, maple, rosewood, alder, linden. Guitar necks are made from beech, mahogany and other hardwoods. 10
13 Chapter II. Types of Guitars There are many types of guitars: classical guitar, Russian seven-string guitar, electric guitar, acoustic guitar, and others. Classical guitar (app. 3) is the main representative of the family of guitars and acoustic guitars in particular. IN modern form exists since the second half of the XVIII century, is used as a solo, ensemble and accompanying instrument. The guitar has great artistic performance and a wide variety of timbres. (see p. 7) Russian seven-string guitar (app. 3) - appeared in Russia at the end of the 18th century. Its main feature is a system that is different from that of a classical six-string guitar. (see 8, p. 19) Electric guitar (app. 3) - a kind of guitar with electromagnetic pickups that convert vibrations of metal strings into vibrations of electric current. The signal from the pickups can be processed to obtain various sound effects and then amplified for playback through the speakers. The word "electric guitar" originated from the phrase "electric guitar". (see 9, p. 19) Bass guitar (adj. 4) (also called an electric bass guitar or just a bass) is a string-plucked musical instrument designed to be played in the bass range. It is played mainly with fingers, but playing with a plectrum is also acceptable. (See p. 9, p. 19) vibration of the strings, amplified by the resonance of the hollow body (see 12, p. 20). The acoustic guitar is the main instrument of such genres as art song, folk, occupies an important place in gypsy and Cuban folk music, rock, blues and other genres (see 13, p. 19) The name "Acoustic" can be interpreted in two ways: on the one hand , it means 11
14 method of sound amplification by the resonating body of the instrument, without the use of electricity; on the other hand, a separate class of guitars with metal strings and bodies such as Dreadnought, Folk and Jumbo. (see 13, p. 19) The acoustic body is also designed with pickups (see 15, p. 20) , p.20). Synthesizer guitar(app.4) (MIDI guitar) A guitar designed to be used as an input device for a sound synthesizer (see 14, p.20). The large number of varieties of guitars that currently exist can be classified according to the following criteria: by the method of sound amplification, by body design, by range, by the presence of frets, by country (place) of origin. We have considered only one type of guitar classification: by the method of amplifying the sound. Conclusion. There are a large number of less common intermediate and hybrid forms of guitars with an increased number of strings. There is a simple addition of strings to expand the range of the instrument (eg five-string and six-string bass guitars), as well as doubling or even tripling some or all of the strings to get a richer timbre of the sound. There are guitars with additional (usually one) necks for the convenience of solo performance of some works. 12
15 Chapter III III.1. Guitar in various styles of music Guitar in jazz. After the discovery of America, settlements of people with different musical cultures began to appear on new lands. Several centuries of joint, although the life of Europeans with immigrants from Africa, resulted in the birth of a new musical direction - jazz. The origins of this style, according to experts, are in a variety of ways. folk art American blacks, in particular, in specific songs - blues. The peculiar manner of Negro singing (non-tempered notes in the melody, rhythmic pulsation, improvisation, etc.) was also reflected in the technique of playing the guitar, which, starting from the 19th century, they used for accompaniment. The blues style of performance gave rise to new techniques of playing the guitar (bands, slide, sliding, and many others), which formed the basis of the jazz guitar school (see 16 p. 20) Guitar in rock music. Rock music has a special place in the history of the electric guitar. Rooted in Negro archaic blues and partly in European folklore, this music has become a source further development specific ways of playing the guitar. In rock music, the guitar has become the main instrument, without which it is impossible to imagine the sound of a rock group. Most of the songs that have entered the history of rock were written by guitarists who were leaders in their ensembles (D. Hendrix, A. Young, from modern ones - E. Hallen, G. Moore and many others.In Russian rock, the authors of a large number of compositions that entered the history of Soviet rock music are guitarists A. Makarevich, K. Nikolsky, V. Kuzmin, V. Butusov, E. Khavtan (see 17 p. 20) The development of the guitar rock school is inextricably linked with technical progress in the field of electronic guitar equipment Conclusion The amazing property of the guitar is that in any cultural environment it finds its rightful place; Spanish flamenco, Russian romance or American blues. 13
16 III.2. Guitar and bard song The guitar is a symbol of bard song and Russian chanson. This instrument is most directly related to the author's song. The author's song is often called bard. Is it really correct to say "bard song"? Maybe better - student, author's, guitar, amateur, amateur, tourist, campfire, camping? There is something in every title. Indeed, it was in the student environment after the war that many, many songs of this genre arose. They were picked up by this environment and put into practice. And these songs were often sung on camping trips, around fires, and always with a guitar. The main quality of such a song is that behind it there is always some kind of feeling, meaning, soul of the author. The bard song is a living song, it asks, advises, tells, saddens and rejoices. To write a good bard song, it is not at all necessary to be a professional in music, poetry, or to be a professional guitarist. You need to give a piece of your soul to the song, as the famous Russian bards V. Vysotsky, B. Okudzhava, A. Rosenbaum, Yu. Vizbor, T. and S. Nikitin, O. Mityaev and others did and do. The bard song has a long history and has existed since the dawn of humanity. It had different names, existed in different countries. The author's song, or, as they say, bard music, is a song genre that arose in the middle of the twentieth century in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Author's music grew out of amateur performances and instantly reached wide popularity in society. Usually bardic music is performed by the performer-author with a single acoustic guitar. When performing an author's song, the main thing is the quality of the text in relation to poetry. But how did the author's song appear anyway? The ancestors of bard music are urban romances and song miniatures Bards (songwriters) wrote very human lyrics that crept into the farthest corners of the soul. It was music from the heart for 14
17 souls ... Usually the songwriters of this genre of the same name were the compilers of both the lyrics and the music of the song. Hence, in general, the name: BARDY. A very strong impetus in the direction of the author's song was given by the appearance of a tape recorder, which gave a chain reaction to the appearance of songs by B. Okudzhava and N. Matveeva. A little more time passed before V. Vysotsky, A. Galich, V. Berezhkov, V. Dolina became classic bards. In the eighties and nineties, Shcherbakov also joined them; Ivashchenko and Vasilyeva ( creative duet"IVAS"). It was quite obvious that the bard genre was accepted by society for self-expression, opening one's heart, one's happiness, one's troubles in front of people - this was real music for the soul. Later, a festival of author's song was created, the representative of which was the famous Grushinsky festival. Conclusion. Bard songs with a guitar are a unique genre, at the same time close to souls and far from the everyday life of big cities, high-quality music is an adornment for any holiday. This is a particle of sincerity, which we so lack in modern fast life. 15
18 Chapter IV. Guitar in my life. To the long-awaited guitar I will quietly cling. Carefully and carefully Throne the string... For the first time I heard the guitar in early childhood. Everyone in our family loves music, dad plays the guitar well, there are musical instruments at home: a synthesizer, a guitar, a tambourine. With age, interest in the guitar intensified. Dad talked about the guitar, about the great guitarists, famous bards and I enjoyed listening to his stories. I wanted to learn as much as possible about this beautiful musical instrument. When I decided to enter the music school. O. V. Cherkasova, I had to choose a musical instrument and my choice fell on the guitar. Guitar lessons are taught by a wonderful teacher S. F. Severina. At the music school, I was taught not only to play the guitar, but also musical notation, choral singing and much more. I go to music classes with pleasure, I really like learning something new, playing works of different genres, performing at reporting concerts. Thanks to the music school, I have made many new acquaintances and friends who support my musical interests. I really like to play music as it calms and develops hand motor skills. Conclusion. Believe me, when the soul asks for music, it is much more pleasant not to turn on the audio player, but to play this music yourself. And for this you do not need to be a virtuoso performer, it is enough to learn four or five guitar chords. And it will be the music that you play! The harmony of the guitar chord will amaze you. Not much in a person's life positive emotions give them to yourself! 16
19 Conclusion The sound of the guitar, transferred through many centuries, continues to enchant, attract the attention of composers of both classical and pop music. Today, the guitar is the most common musical instrument. Currently, all continents play the guitar, soulful songs are sung to it, and the skill of the performers is breathtaking! This is both a solo performance and accompaniment of an old and modern romance, tourist and student songs. The guitar is an indispensable participant in the art of flamenco, gypsy songs and dances, and in jazz it has taken the place of the banjo. It goes well in an ensemble with other instruments - violin, domra, mandolin, balalaika. The most valuable quality of a guitar is that it can be the most intimate instrument. Someone noticed that any other instrument breaks the silence, but the guitar creates it. Maybe that's why there are so many people who want to master this instrument, which surprises with a variety of playing techniques. Guitar art is constantly evolving, virtuosic and expressive possibilities give reason to assume the further flowering of the art of playing this instrument. In this work, we have shown what an interesting, difficult, popular, modern instrument guitar. Perhaps the students whom we plan to introduce to the practical part of this research work at classroom hours and MHC lessons, will be even more interested in this amazing instrument. Work on this topic gave us the opportunity to get acquainted not only with a musical instrument, but also with its history and modernity, opened up new sides music world. 17
20 List of literature and Internet resources. Internet resources: %D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3 %D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1% 80%D0%B0 8. D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D 1%80%D1%83%D0% BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D 1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B %D0%B ?template=accessibility References: 18
21 1. Ivanov-Kramskoy A. School of playing the six-string guitar. M.: Muzyka, 1989. 152 p. 2. How to teach to play the guitar. M.: Publishing house "Classics XXI", p. 3. Katansky A. V., Katansky V. M. School of playing the six-string guitar. Ensemble, chord tables. Song accompaniment: Educational manual. M.: Publisher V. Katansky, p. 4. Kofanov A. A book about the guitar. St. Petersburg: Peter, p. 5. Noyd V. Tutorial for playing the guitar / Frederic Noud; per. from English. K. A. Davydova. Moscow: Astrel, p. 6. Sor F. School of playing the guitar / F. Sor; corrected and supplemented by the degree of complexity by N. Kost; total Ed. N. A. Ivanova-Kramskoy; per. from French A. D. Vysotsky. Rostov n/a: Phoenix, s. 7. Shumidub A. School of guitarist-performer. M. Ed. A, Shumidub, 1999. 112 p. 19
22 Appendix 1. Image of kinor. Frets 20
23 Appendix 2 Strings Guitar construction. 21
24 Appendix 3 Classical guitar Acoustic guitar Russian seven-string guitar. Electric guitar. 22
25 Appendix 4. Bass guitar Semi-acoustic guitar Resonator guitar Synthesizer guitar. 23
26 Appendix 5. Bulat Okudzhava. Vladimir Vysotsky Alexander Rosenbaum 24
27 Appendix 6. Tatyana and Sergey Nikitin. Yuri Vizbor Oleg Mityaev 25
28 Appendix 7 Interesting facts about the guitar: The seven-string and classical guitar is a whole storehouse of different facts. For example, the most entertaining of them: the seven-string instrument has the thinnest strings, which is why the sound is so high. Former strings made from the intestines of animals, it was believed that such strings were the most sonorous and strong. Those who make guitars are called luthiers. The most expensive instrument in the world costs almost $3 million. The smallest seven-string guitar is only 10 microns long. It was collected under a powerful microscope. In England, you can marry the guitar or marry it. The guitar has 4 octaves. The largest guitar is 13 meters long. Gypsies know how to guess on the guitar. Only 6 percent of the world's people can play such an instrument. The guitar used to be played only with a bow, touching the strings with your hands was considered bad form There is a guitar in the world that has as many as 15 strings. It is not often played, but it has more than enough fans! Those who dream of a guitar are promised new acquaintances. It is easier for girls to learn to play the seven-string instrument than for boys. beautiful female figure compared to the guitar. 26
29 But the following fact is not the history of the creation of the guitar, but it can be called curious for the general development. For those who are single and looking for their other half, scientists advise picking up a guitar. For what? To attract members of the opposite sex. Our brain reacts to a guy or a lady with a guitar in a strange way. Such a person seems to us attractive, active and very kind. A person with a guitar in their hands is five times more likely to be met than someone who does not have a guitar. Plus, you don't have to play the instrument! Annex 8. Results of sociological research In the course of the work, a sociological survey was conducted among students in grades 7-8. Five questions were asked: 1. Would you like to learn how to play the guitar? The following results were obtained: In total, 30 people were interviewed Yes-19 No-6 I can-2 I study-3 2. What do you know about the guitar? Nothing 6 Some information 4 Types of guitars 5 Notable guitarists What guitar would you choose? Acoustic-10 Classical-8 27
30 Electric guitar-9 Don't know-3 4. What do you need to learn how to play the guitar? Desire-13 Patience-5 Hearing-6 Good instrument-3 Preferably a good mentor-3 5. How does music affect your mood? Raises the mood 19 Helps to tune in 8 Interferes with work 2 Nothing 1 According to the results of this survey, we made the following conclusions on identifying the level of knowledge about the guitar among students of the school. The sound of the guitar is familiar to everyone, but few people know the history and present of this instrument. Most students really like the sound of the musical instrument guitar, but at the same time they cannot tell who is performing musical composition. Conclusion. According to statistics, only every third of those who wish is able to learn how to play the guitar, for the rest it is not possible. They even talk about a genetic predisposition to owning this musical instrument, but in fact anyone can learn to play the guitar, from young to old! In every city you can find a store where tools are sold, their cost can be from $ 50 to very impressive numbers. You can learn how to play the guitar at a music school, on your own with the help of a tutorial, the Internet, or get guitar lessons from a private teacher. 28
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Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Musical Instruments Quiz 1. What is the name of the string bowed
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YOU CAN PLAY FOR MOSCOW 2018 ., -,.,. And w қ ғ ғ ғ ABOUT THE AUTHOR Dan Holton started playing guitar at the age of 15, after falling in love with the blues, and has not parted with the instrument since. He toured
EXPLANATORY NOTE The program has artistic orientation and is associated with learning to play the guitar and singing, the development of performing and artistic and creative abilities of children. The concept of "author's
Annotation to the work program on music in grades 5-7
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Contents Page 1. Explanatory note 3 2. Educational and thematic plans for 1-2 years of study. 6 2. Content of the additional educational program 8 3. Methodological support programs 13 4. List
Vocal-instrumental ensemble program Explanatory note Music plays an important role in children's lives. Good song becomes the first idol and an opportunity to express himself. The song is not only a form
Table of contents Introduction Chapter 1. The origin of the guitar Chapter 2. Era of the development of the guitar Chapter 3. Modernity 10. Chapter 4. Research Conclusion List of references Appendices page 3. page 4. page 6. page 11. page 13. page 14. p. 15.
Chapter 1. The origin of the guitar. When I am very old, I will take the guitar in my hands, And, plucking the chords of the strings, I will be fresh and young again. Curves, varnish. . . How good you are for the hand and for the soul! To sing with you about love, Oh, it's in your blood!
The legend of the origin of the guitar. The gods heeded the prayer and turned it into a laurel tree (the Greek word "daphne" means laurel tree). Apollo made the kitaru musical instrument from laurel, and since then great poets and artists have been crowned with laurel leaves. Kitara retained from her feminine origins graceful body shapes, a tendency to whims and unpredictable behavior.
The pedigree of the guitar The history of the guitar begins in the East, when the first plucked instruments were created. And this time is a deep antiquity before the beginning of a new era. Mesopotamian cultural monuments tell us about them, depicting an instrument that was apparently made from a tortoise shell, on which the skin was stretched for a better sound.
. Chapter 2 Beginning in the 10th century, the image of stringed plucked instruments becomes generally accepted. Spanish sources show that by the thirteenth century two varieties of guitars appeared - Moorish and Latin.
Renaissance (Renaissance) 1400 -1600. As for all art, so for the evolution of the guitar, the Renaissance was a golden time, a time of rise and prosperity. At this time, many samples of guitars appear, improved in comparison with the previous ones. The guitar is freed from bulky forms, it becomes lighter, much attention begins to be paid to its decorations.
From baroque to classicism. (XVII-XIX centuries) It was France that contributed to the revival and a new wave of interest in this instrument. And not just the French people, but the monarchs who were sincerely passionate about the guitar and its possibilities. It is known that Ludovic Solntse studied guitar from childhood with a specially invited teacher, in which he was very successful. Well, the instrument is again becoming popular throughout Europe with the light hand of Louis. The end of Louis's reign coincided with the next decline in interest in the guitar.
The Age of Enlightenment The guitar has become an instrument that requires a professional approach, study, and not a domestic “favorite for strumming”. Small, but very effective plays, opera accompaniments are written.
Chapter 3. Modernity The types and forms of the guitar, various fastening systems, playing methods and creation technologies - all this has undergone changes over the centuries, until the master Antonio de Torres created a guitar that has become a role model to this day. This person is also called "Guitar Stradivarius", so great is his contribution to the development and final stage of the evolution of the guitar. It gives the guitar a modern shape and size. Guitars designed by Torres today are called classical
Chapter 4 Research Question 1: What is the most popular musical instrument? Question 2: Have you ever wanted to learn how to play the guitar? Question 3: With what musical genres connected guitar? Question 4: What authors do you know who performed their songs with the guitar. Question 5: Will the guitar be popular in 50 years, 100 years.
Conclusion As a result of my research work, I was convinced that the guitar, despite the fact that this instrument is certainly known to everyone, is the most popular among the younger generation. Based on my research, I am convinced that the guitar has been able to adapt to the dynamic and versatile culture of the 21st century, seizing a leading position in many genres and style directions. In the course of my work, I Once again made sure that there were always people ready to follow her gentle musical song to create masterpieces. In general, I was very interested in the work. The practical significance of my work is obvious, it can be used in music lessons as additional material. I am grateful to my classmates for their help in my work and for the support they gave me.
