Who did Dali put on the handset on one of his sculptures, options? The fears and fetish of a genius - Dali's symbolism About Salvador Dali's painting "Premonition of Civil War".
Hello, dear readers site Sprint Response. Today, June 3, 2017, the next TV game "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?" with host Dmitry Dibrov. In this article, you can see overview games, learn the right answers in the game "Who wants to be a millionaire?" for 3.06.2017 . The correct answers in the list of options are highlighted in blue. The first two took part: singer Alexander Serov and beauty queen Miss Russia-2013 Elmira Abdrazakova . By the way, the program was filmed on May 18, 2017, you can learn about this from the joyful post Instagram Elmira Abdrazakova. The Sprint-Answer website begins reporting from today's program "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", which has already aired in the eastern regions of the country. At the game table in the studio, the participants of the first pair of players.
Elmira and Alexander settled on a fireproof amount of 200,000 rubles, Elmira was more modest in choosing a fireproof amount, or rather a realistic one. Alexander at first wanted to stop at the amount of 400,000 rubles. As a result, they came to a consensus, the fireproof amount was set at 200,000 rubles.
1. What, figuratively speaking, does conscience do to a person who repents of his deed?
- swallows
- gnaws
- bites
2. What is the name of Mayakovsky's poem?
- "Fine!"
- "Cool!"
- "Cool!"
- "Fly away!"
3. Through what, if you believe folk wisdom, is the way to a man's heart?
- through his kidneys
- through his lungs
- through his stomach
- through his liver
4. Where does viburnum bloom in a popular Soviet song?
- In the woods
- in the garden
- in the steppe
- in field
5. Which French word means "long chair"?
- deck chair
- ottoman
- canape
- stool
6. What is the name and indoor plant, and a cold appetizer of zucchini and eggplant?
- "deep ear"
- "Teschin language"
- "Teschina braid"
- "tail tail"
7. Which Beatles member's daughter became a fashion designer?
- Ringo Starr
- George Harrison
- John Lennon
- Paul McCartney
8. What day is considered the first day of the week in Israel?
- Monday
- Friday
- Saturday
- Sunday
When answering the eighth question, the participants took the prompt "Call a friend".
9. With what lines did Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov compare service and friendship?
- with crossed
- with parallel
- with perpendicular
- with divergent
When answering the ninth question, the participants of the game took the hint "50:50".
Game "Who wants to be a millionaire?" with Alexander Serov and Elmira Abdrazakova
10. Who played the saxophonist in the restaurant and cinema in the TV movie "The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed"?
- Sergey Mazaev
- Igor Butman
- Alexey Kozlov
- Vladimir Presnyakov
When answering the tenth question, the participants took the clue "Help from the audience." Unfortunately, the players answered incorrectly and did not win anything. They needed to listen to Dmitry Dibrov and take the remaining clue "The right to make a mistake." The Sprint-Answer site continues to review the game "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?" dated June 3, 2017. The participants of the second pair of players are in the studio, these are the actors: Irina Apeksimova And Daniil Spivakovsky . The players have chosen fireproof amount at 800,000 rubles.
1. Where does the drummer perform?
- in the ring
- on the stage
- on the battlefield
- in the forge
2. How does the set expression describe Noah's ark: "Every creature ..."?
- by container
- in pairs
- by sari
- by safari
3. What tool is often mentioned when talking about a long and boring action?
- jew's harp
- duduk
- pitiful
- bagpipes
4. What color is the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco?
- into green
- into yellow
- in orange
- in white
5. What was the name of a person in Rus' who carried out orders of a commercial nature?
- clerk
- pointer
- customer
- refuser
6. What sport is the film "Million Dollar Baby" about?
- figure skating
- fencing
- biathlon
- boxing
7. What god, by his own admission, was Ole Lukoye from Andersen's fairy tale?
Salvador Dali
- " Surrealism is not a party, not a label, but a unique state of mind, not bound by slogans or morality. Surrealism is the complete freedom of a human being and his right to dream. I'm not a surrealist I am surreal."
full name Salvador Domenech Felip Jacinte Dali and Domenech, Marquis de Pubol
No one is born immediately adult, but some are born geniuses. This was probably Salvador Dali - a genius from an unusual childhood. The first years of Salvador's life were filled with all-consuming parental love,
not allowing young parents to see that their son is not entirely happy and quite unusual.
Almost a year before the birth of Salvador Felipe Jacinto Dali, a tragedy occurred in the family of the respected Figueres notary Salvador Dali Sr. and his wife Felipa - before they were two years old, their first-born Salvador Gal Anselm died. Tormented by remorse and fear of losing their second son, the Dali couple tried to give Salvador Jr. everything that loving parents can give. Being one of the richest residents of Figueres, they did not refuse little Salvador anything and tried to fulfill even the most unusual wishes of the boy. At the same time, the father wanted to see his child as ordinary and considered his creative hobbies a whim, and the pious mother regularly took her son to the grave of his brother.
At the age of 5, after another visit to the cemetery with his mother, Salvador formed own opinion O parental love, deciding that it was not intended for him, but for the deceased brother. To justify his right to be a beloved son, Salvador called himself the reincarnation of his brother and began to master the techniques of manipulating his parents.
Thus, it can be assumed that a certain spiritual conflict that provoked the development of such an unusual worldview arose with Salvador Dali back in early childhood. After all, he was sure that the attention of his parents was not a manifestation of love for him, but only an attempt to come to an agreement with his conscience.
In 1921, Felipa Domenech Dalí died of cancer. Salvador was 17, and he was very upset by the loss. By that time, the future surrealist had already fully formed as an artist, but remained completely unadapted to everyday life.
The artist's father, at first, believed that nothing would come of his son's passion for art. He wanted to give his offspring a good “normal” education and was very upset that his son was not interested in general education.
Shortly after Felipa's death, Salvador Dali Cusi married her sister Catalina. This event was another brick laid in the wall of alienation between the artist and his father. The young painter chose an independent creative path, left home and did not seek rapprochement with his family.
In 1933, Salvador Dali painted one of his most controversial paintings, The Riddle of William Tell.
The plot, Dali himself explained, was an attempt to depict fear of his father.
Main character according to Dali himself, this is Lenin in a cap with a huge visor.
In The Diary of a Genius, Dali writes that the baby is himself, yelling "He wants to eat me!". There are also crutches here - an indispensable attribute of Dali's work, which has retained its relevance throughout the artist's life. With these two crutches, the artist props up the visor and one of the thighs of the leader. In the picture, the father can eat either a cutlet or a child, which means that Dali was never able to overcome the feeling of danger posed by his father.
Anna Maria entered the life of Salvador Dali in 1908, when the boy was only 4 years old. In Spain, where above all - family values, and the word of a man - the law, adoration and admiration, which the sister gave to her brother, were natural and ... destined. The relatively small age difference brought them even closer.
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| Anna Maria 1924 |
"Self-portrait with a Raphaelian neck" - written in 1921, when his mother died, which, according to the artist, was one of the hardest experiences of his life. This is one of the first works of Salvador. Made in the impressionistic style.
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| Fixture and Hand (1927) |
Experiments are ongoing with geometric shapes. You can already feel that mystical desert, the manner of painting the landscape, characteristic of Dali's "surreal" period
Also called "Invisible", the painting demonstrates metamorphoses, hidden meanings and contours of objects. Dali often returned to this technique, making it one of the main features of his painting.
This picture reveals Dali's obsessions and childhood fears.
The "Great Masturbator" is of great importance for the study of the personality of the artist, as it was inspired by his subconscious. The painting reflects Dali's controversial attitude towards sex. In his childhood, Dali's father left a book on the piano with photographs of genitals affected by venereal diseases, which led to the association of sex with putrefaction and disgusted him for a long time. young Dali from sexual relations
Dali kept this painting in his own collection at the Dalí Theater Museum in Figueres until his death.
At 25, Salvador Dali was still a virgin and not only was in no hurry to know women, but was also afraid of them, trying to avoid physical intimacy. What had to happen in order for cardinal changes to take place in the personal life of the then-future genius? What was needed was an explosion, fireworks, a celebration ... mind-blowing gala performance.
And it happened. This festive show, which was destined to last more than 50 years, began in 1929, when the then famous French poet Paul Eluard came to Cadaqués to visit the young eccentric artist with his daughter and Russian wife, who called herself Gala. It is believed that it was from this moment that the star duet Gala - Salvador Dali began its existence. In fact, in August 1929, the love triangle Gala - Paul - Salvador arose, which became a duet only in 1952, after the death of Eluard.
It is difficult to say how the life of Salvador Dali would have developed if it had developed according to the scenario of Anna Maria. early paintings artist, no doubt, sensual, talented, but devoid of the madness that splashes from the works of the surrealist of the “Gala era”. One way or another, on the 29th, Dali made his choice
Did Paul Éluard hate his happier rival? Did Dali feel remorseful because he "stole" his wife from his comrade? Did Gala doubt what she was doing right choice leaving Eluard for El Salvador? No no and one more time no.
As for Dali, he was so stunned by the surging feelings that he did not even think about the fact that Gala did not come to him alone, but her husband and child were with them.
On that memorable visit, Salvador Dali painted a portrait of Paul Eluard. Throwing out on the canvas all his doubts and passions, tearing apart all the participants in the events, he explained it this way: "I felt that I was entrusted with the duty to capture the face of the poet, from whose Olympus I stole one of the muses."
Since 1930, Gala began to live with Dali, having left Paris. The story of their love, although known to almost the whole world, still remains a mystery. And Paul Eluard went on his journey, and in 1930 he met a new love, Maria Benz, a dancer who performed under stage name Nush (Nusch). A recognized beauty, Nush was endowed with many talents: she danced, sang, was an acrobat, wrote poetry and even painted. Her beauty inspired many artists of the early 20th century: Pablo Picasso
invited Nush as a model for his paintings
But, despite a completely happy personal life, almost until his death, Paul Eluard wrote love letters to Gala and believed that one day she would return. And she, in turn, out of respect for her ex-husband, did not marry Dali until Paul was alive.
Dali and Gala settled in Paris. The artist began a period of great creative upsurge, he painted pictures without resting, but without feeling any particular physical or nervous fatigue. He wrote easily - as he breathed. And his paintings fascinated, changed ideas about the world. He signed his paintings like this - "Gala Salvador Dali." And rightly so - she was the source from which he drew his strength. "Soon you will be the way I want you to be, my boy" Gala told him so. And he agreed with this.
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| My wife 1945. |
The entire central part of the canvas is occupied by a strange construction of human arms and legs, reminiscent of the outline of Spain in its shape. The structure seems to hang over the traditional Dali low horizon. Boiled beans are scattered on the ground below. The combination of these objects creates an absurd, sickly fantastic combination that conveys Dali's impression of the events that took place in those years in Spain.
The candy pink sofa is drawn in the shape of the lips of American actress Mae West. The hair is made in the form of curtains framing the entrance to the room, the eyes are in the form of paintings, and the nose is a fireplace on which the clock stands. The shade of the lips became very popular at one time, gained "scandalous" fame
The idea in the form of an illusion room was realized in the Dali Theater Museum in the city of Figueres by Oscar Tusquets under the guidance of Dali himself. The exposition was opened on September 28, 1974.
The head of roses is rather a tribute to Arcimboldo, an artist beloved by the surrealists. Arcimboldo, long before the emergence of the avant-garde as such, painted portraits of courtiers, using vegetables and fruits to compose them (an eggplant nose, wheat hair, and the like). He (like Bosch) was something of a surrealist before surrealism.
The most famous of Dali's inventions. The boxes were always depicted by him as open. They denoted a search carried out unintentionally. Here, Dali clearly has some kind of stable memory, the roots of which remain unknown. Dali outlined where the boxes should be, and Marcel Duchamp, whom Dali treated with great respect, made a mold for casting. A series of new castings were made from the same mold in 1964. Venus is now in the Salvador Dali Museum in Florida. The Salvador Dali Museum is the only museum in the United States dedicated to a single artist.
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| Lobster phone , 1936 |
The work was presented at the first London Surrealist Art Exhibition in 1936. During a promotional event for the exhibition, Dali gave a lecture on the influence of the subconscious while wearing a diving suit.
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| Metamorphoses of Narcissus , 1937 |
Dali himself spoke of Hitler in different ways. He wrote that he was attracted by the soft, plump back of the Fuhrer. His mania did not cause much enthusiasm among the Surrealists, who had sympathy for the left. On the other hand, Dali later spoke of Hitler as a complete masochist who started the war with the sole purpose of losing it. According to the artist, once he was asked for an autograph for Hitler and he put a straight cross - "the complete opposite of the broken fascist swastika."
Dali described his work on this painting as an attempt to make the abnormal look normal and the normal look abnormal.
Gala often poses for her husband - she is present in his paintings both in the allegory of sleep, and in the image of the Mother of God or Elena the Beautiful. Periodically interest in surreal paintings Dali begins to fade, and Gala comes up with new ways to get the rich to fork out. So Dali began to create original gizmos, and this brought him serious success. Now the artist was sure that he knew exactly what surrealism really was.
Salvador and Gala did not know the need, they could afford to tease the audience with strange antics. This provoked rumors that pissed off people with a different temperament. So, they said about Dali that he was a pervert, ill with schizophrenia. Indeed, his long mustache, bulging eyes involuntarily suggest that genius and madness go hand in hand. But these rumors only amused the lovers.
Amanda Lear - "angel" Salvador Dali
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Salvador Dali was one of the first to "discover" Amanda. She was 19, she was charming and seemed like an angel to him. Then she was known as Pecky D'Oslo. Some researchers believe that the name Amanda Lear is a pun in French, L "Amant Dalí, which means "Dali's mistress."
Dali, with the spontaneity inherent in any madman, introduced his "angel" to his wife. They often walked, dined and attended receptions as a threesome or in the company of another young favorite of Gala.
Amanda became a frequent guest of the "court of wonders" - evenings in Suite No. 108 of the Meurice Hotel, which took place daily from 17:00 to 20:00. She came here with Dali, who was the center and the ideological inspirer of the "gatherings". Amanda, with due understanding, perceived Dali's spicy and often obscene jokes in her address and willingly participated in many of his crazy adventures.
Not inclined to fidelity herself, Gala, however, was not ready to put up with the presence of another woman in her Salvador's life.
Soon, Gala realized how good Salvador was in Amanda's company (and this, it seems, is the real genius of this woman) and changed her anger to mercy: she helped financially and instructed to take care of Dali. Gala took a promise from Amanda that she would marry Salvador after her death.
In July 1982, Gala died, but Amanda did not fulfill this promise - she was not at all up to it. By that time, the passport already had a marriage stamp with Alain Philippe Malagnac, the adopted son of Roger Peyrefitte (a French homosexual writer).
In her declining years, Gala somewhat moved away from Dali. He bought her a medieval castle - Pubol, where she enjoyed the last joyful days with her young men. But when she broke her hip, the gigolos, of course, abandoned their mistress, and she was left alone. Gala died in the clinic in 1982.
With the departure of Gala, the artist's oddities began to manifest themselves even more strongly. He left the canvas and brushes forever and could eat nothing for days on end. If they tried to persuade him, entertain him with a conversation, Dali became aggressive, spat at the nurses, sometimes even rushed at them. But he did not beat the women - he only scratched their faces with his nails. It seemed that he had lost the gift of articulate speech - no one could understand the artist's lowing. Now everyone was sure that madness had completely taken over the mind of a genius.
Dali gave Amanda, perhaps the most valuable thing he had - the amulet Gala, which she always carried with her: a small piece of wood, which, as she believed, brought good luck. Dali always had exactly the same amulet.
The artist accepted Amanda in the dark, asking not to turn on the light: the great surrealist felt that he was losing strength, and did not want the beauty to remember him as a weak old man.
Without his muse, Dali lived for another seven years. But can these years be called life? Too big was the bill that fate presented to the artist for his brilliant insights.
When the attacks did not torment the artist, he simply sat at the window with closed shutters and stared into the void for hours.
Dali was buried at the Theater Museum in Figueres. The artist bequeathed his fortune and work to Spain.
Born Advertising Genius
The most successful Salvador Dali advertised himself. Fame, fame, and with them money literally "stuck" to him, wherever he appeared, whatever direction of creativity he developed. The ability to draw attention to oneself is a virtue especially valued by representatives of the film industry. That is why, once in America, Dali naturally ended up in Hollywood, becoming for some time one of its most prominent figures.
Dali became close to Hollywood celebrity Walt Disney. On January 14, 1946, Disney signed a contract with the artist to create animated film Destino. The project, for which Dali managed to draw 135 sketches, was soon closed due to financial problems. It was only in 2003 that the artists of the Disney studio managed to complete the work on the cartoon, having realized the main ideas of the master and using a short fragment drawn personally by Dali.
Wear a sensual jacket for dinner tonight!
The sensual jacket, also known as the Aphrodisiac Dinner Jacket, was invented by Salvador Dali in 1936. 83 cups of mint liqueur were hung from a tuxedo on thin straws.
To make this jacket even more surreal, Dali placed a dead fly in each glass. A bra instead of a shirtfront emphasizes the sexuality of the chosen image.
Dali himself later “flaunted” in a jacket reminiscent of the 1936 model: numbered crystal glasses replaced the liquor glasses. It is in such a strange outfit that the maestro is captured in the picture taken during one of the receptions. Today, this photograph is stored in the BBC archives, along with other black-and-white frames, called symbols of the 20th century.
Wine labels
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| Wine label Chateau Mouton Rothschild |
The most notable work Maestro is the flower from the logo of Chupa Chups lollipops, which has survived to our days since 1969, having undergone only minor changes. Enrique Bernat (founder of the Spanish company Chupa Chups) turned to the famous surrealist artist, and he suggested placing the name Chupa Chups inside a chamomile flower.
The participation of the great surrealist could not but affect the results of the competition: that year the winners were as many as 4 countries, including Dali's native Spain.
The maestro did not limit himself to "creativity" and managed to personally appear in several commercials. Dali's mustache trembling with delight in a chocolate ad and the surreal depiction of Alka-Seltzer's hangover cure are the most famous commercials featuring this great Spanish artist.
At the beginning of the 20th century, surrealist ideas were in the air, penetrating the minds of extraordinary personalities like a virus. Salvador Dali, the most famous of the carriers of this virus, never denied himself the pleasure of collaborating with representatives of other areas of art who share his surrealist views of the world.
Dali's acquaintance with Jean Cocteau and outrageous designer Elsa Schiaparelli, which took place in the 20s of the last century, was a foregone conclusion: Elsa did not miss the opportunity to shock the public by implementing the principles of surrealism in the design of clothes, and Salvador and Jean were fascinated by the idea of creating art masterpieces in dresses and costumes.
The idea of a hat-shoe came to Dali back in 1933, when, photographing Gala, he put a slipper on her head. In 1937, the idea was realized and added to the Schiaparelli hat collection.
It was in this collection that the pillbox hat first appeared. Yes, yes, it was this headdress in the form of an aspirin tablet that was fashionable at that time became the prototype of the very hat that “only” 30 years later became part of Jacqueline Kennedy's style.
Together with Dali, Schiaparelli came up with another amazing and creepy dress: ribs, a spine and pelvic bones were drawn on tight-fitting jersey. Dali also came up with the idea of many mysterious accessories made by Elsa Schiaparelli. These include apple bags, gloves with false nails and much more.
Surrealism in its purest form is the exit of familiar things beyond the limits of everyday life, their journey through mystical worlds and return to reality in a new fantastically beautiful way.
Such magic was owned by Salvador Dali, who, taking an ordinary object as a basis, could turn it into mystical beauty.
Perhaps the brightest and most famous such item - a sofa in the shape of lips.
satin scarlet sofa, the outlines repeating the shape of the lips of the scandalous and unusually sexy Broadway star, actress Mae West, appeared in 1937,
Dali himself considered Mae West an erotic monument of the era.
Lips are one of Dali's favorite symbols, the personification of sexuality, mystery and temptation. Decades later, in 1974, Salvador Dalí returned to the idea of a lip-shaped sofa and collaborated with Spanish designer Oscar Tusquets Blanca to create a bright red leather sofa.
Dali called surrealistic sculpture fetishistic and completely useless, created solely to give vent to his crazy fantasies. The main surrealist of the 20th century had a lot of fantasies, and there was no less madness.
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| Retrospective bust of a woman |
In 1933, Dali created a mystical and inconceivable sculptural collage of elements of a completely different nature, objects of his fetish and symbols of his own fear - "Retrospective bust of a woman."
The combination of bread and corncobs with the tender face of a woman and her exciting breasts create an image of fertility. However, the ants crawling on the forehead and the shape of the baguette symbolize the woman as an object of consumption and are a hint of a carefully concealed depression.
Initially, the bust was made using a real loaf and during the first exhibition, in 1933, in the Pierre Cot gallery, Salvador Dali's dog ate a piece of the baguette.
Surreal Cadillac - "Rainy Taxi"
The Rainy Taxi first appeared at a surrealist exhibition in Paris in 1938. Dali promised the organizers that this would be the most amazing and exciting exhibition of the first half of the 20th century.
The maestro decided to create a car inside which it rains, the floor is covered with ivy, and snails crawl on a mannequin sitting in the back seat. It cost Dali a lot of work to convince the exhibition management of the need to implement his idea, since the arguments that seemed convincing to the surrealist himself did not convince anyone but himself. However, the bewitching mysticism of the object was so obvious that the "go-ahead" for the installation was given with the only restriction - the object must not be in the building.
After the approval of the name, in front of the entrance to the exhibition, they began to build a “Rainy Taxi” - a car with a perforated water tank reinforced under the roof and a special plumbing system that provides a continuous supply of water. Dali had only to decorate the interior with moss and wait for the scenery to take root. Having seated the mannequins, the surrealist “decorated” them with two hundred Burgundy snails.
For my long life, most of which Salvador Dali spent "with a brush in his hand", the brilliant surrealist created a huge number of masterpieces and took part in many unusual projects: from drawing cartoons to writing books.
Working on his own version of the Tarot deck can be considered one of Dali's most unusual projects: the artist was far from the occult and magic, considering himself the only creator own life. But his beloved Gala was delighted with the ability of mysterious cards to reveal the secrets of the past, present and future. Maybe it was for Gala that the great Salvador decided to draw his Tarot.
It is difficult to say whether the deck has a special predictive power, but there is no doubt that the engravings by Salvador Dali that underlie its creation are works of art.
| Dali could not deny himself the pleasure of perpetuating his image. And he chose a very suitable card: the King of Pentacles fully reflects the commercial success of El Salvador's undertakings. You will also find Dali on the Major Arcana - the Magician, and his beloved Gala - on the Empress card. |
Symbols have always been the main elements of the work of Salvador Dali. Living in his own world, the surrealist saw around him a lot of hints, symbols and promises. Of course, one cannot ignore the symbolic fact that the future genius was born shortly after the release of the first passenger car, in 1904.
No, Dali did not become a car fan, and he was left indifferent to technical achievements and innovations in the automotive industry. However, the surrealist was inspired by the forms of "automatic carriages" and the power hidden in them: cars became the "central figures" of some of his paintings and the "heroes" of the plots of several literary works. In 1938, "Rainy Taxi" became the centerpiece of an exhibition in Paris.
In 1941, Dali purchased his first car, a Cadillac.
The Cadillac bought by Dali was one of the five special Caddies equipped with automatic transmission gears. General Motors released a limited edition of unique cars that were purchased by the most famous, influential or outrageous personalities of the time. One belonged to US President Roosevelt, the second to Clark Gable, the third was owned by Al Capone, who had been released by that time, the fourth became the property of the Gala and Salvador Dali couple. The name of the owner of the fifth car is still unknown.
When the management of General Motors, wanting to improve the Cadillac brand, planned to produce an even more luxurious and sophisticated car than the first models of the series, Salvador Dali was asked to make a sketch. The first thing that Dali proposed was the name of the new car - "Cadillac de Gala" (Cadillac de Gala). According to the artist obsessed with his wife, only this name could fully reflect the impressiveness of the model.
Dali's idea was interesting and completely new, but ... technically unfeasible in mass production. The Surrealist sent his sketch to General Motors and received no response. And one or two years later, the American automaker released ... "Cadillac de Gala"! True, only the name remained from Dali's ideas in the car.
After consulting with his lawyers, the artist sued the company for $ 10,000 (this is the minimum unit of measure in Dali's system of financial calculations). The very next morning, by registered mail, he received a check for the requested amount. And no explanation.
Philippe Halsman and Salvador Dali
Halsman met Salvador Dali in 1941. They maintained creative and friendly relations for 30 years.
Philippe Halsman photographed almost all the celebrities of the 20th century - politicians and millionaires, intellectuals and pop divas, eccentric artists and poets. 30 years went on creative collaboration Salvador Dali and Philippe Halsman - the ancestor
surrealism in photography.
Most famous photo Salvador Dali, made by Philippe Halsman - "Dali Atomicus". The surreal photo was created without editing and tricks - only a carefully thought-out staging, painstaking preparation, many attempts and incredible patience of all participants in the shooting.
Works by Philippe Halsman and Salvador Dali
Like an amazingly cut diamond, Salvador Dali's talent has many facets, each of which sparkles with a special brilliance and changes hue depending on the angle of view. He was not just a genius in everything, be it painting, sculpture, graphics or literature. The uniqueness of the genius of Salvador Dali also lies in the fact that he was commercially successful.
Any project that the expressive Spaniard undertook, sooner or later turned into an economic benefit. Dali successfully earned a comfortable life, his eccentric hobbies and expensive gifts for his muse Gala. Did the maestro love money? Unknown. But the fact that money loved Dali is beyond doubt.
You can understand any artist only by feeling his paintings. It is not recommended to feel the works of Dali: damage the psyche. All that an artist will allow you to do is to understand his place in art, his contribution to painting, and, if you are lucky, he will slightly open the door to his life for you ...
The beginning of the way...
Dali is a titan of art of the 20th century, and he was born just when the century was just beginning to come into its own. He was born in Figueres, a Spanish town, which a little later will certainly appear in his numerous paintings.
From childhood, Dali was haunted by the thought of his uselessness, as if his parents did not love him at all, but his older brother, who died a year before Dali was born. By the way, the psychological state of inferiority was not in vain for the artist, many researchers will later note that a number of mental deviations can be seen in Dali. To which the maestro himself answered them even before they had time to voice their thoughts out loud: "The difference between me and a madman is that I am not mad." And he certainly added: “Great psychologists, even they could not understand where genius ends and madness begins.”
So, on the verge of madness and genius, Salvador Dali worked. His first paintings saw the light on the pages of textbooks. Don't think so young artist published. No, just often, instead of listening to the teacher, Dali drew on the margins of books and notebooks. He drew, I must say, already then perfectly ...
creative search
Salvador's talent was developed by a family friend, the artist Ramon Piho, only later in Madrid Dali met those who certainly influenced his work: film avant-garde artist Luis Bunuel, poet Federico Garcia Lorca, who, by the way, became his best friend. For Dali, a new time has begun - a time of searching. He tried himself in impressionism, realism. However, all paths certainly led the artist to surrealism, a trend that has become synonymous with the name Dali.
In 1925, Salvador paints the painting "The Figure of a Woman at the Window", where he depicts his sister Anna-Maria, looking out of the window of their house at the bay in Cadaqués. The canvas was painted in a meticulous and clogged realistic style, however, stroke after stroke in the picture, the spirit of the unreality of sleep breaks through. There is also an aura of emptiness, at the same time - something invisible that lurks behind the space of the picture. In addition, the artist perfectly created an atmosphere of silence.
With each new work, Dali more and more joined the wave of surrealism. He painted images familiar to the mind: people, animals, buildings, landscapes - but allowed them to connect under the dictation of consciousness. And he often merged them in a grotesque manner so that, for example, the limbs turned into fish, and the bodies of women into horses. Later, Dali would call his unique approach the “paranoid-critical method”.
Woman of all life
Everyone knows that behind a great man there is certainly an equally great woman. In the fate of Dali, she became Gala Eluard, the wife of the French poet Paul Eluard. After the very first meeting between Dali and Gala, who, by the way, was much older than the artist, both realized that their life paths could no longer go apart: they must be together.
Gala became more than just a wife for El Salvador. A magnificent lover, a devoted friend, a beautiful model and an inspiring Muse - this is all Gala.
Marriage to Gala awakened an inexhaustible fountain of creativity in Dali. Has begun new period. At this time, his personal surrealism began to prevail over norms and attitudes. Dali broke with Bretton and other surrealists and loudly proclaimed: "Surrealism is me!". And ... took up the brush.
You can talk about the paintings of a genius created in the subsequent time for a day and a half. However, you yourself can feel the whole depth and incomprehensibility of creativity, just look at his canvases. Read aloud the titles of great creations: "Geopolitical Baby", "Hitler's Riddle", "Autumn Cannibalism", "Partial Obscuration. Six appearances of Lenin on the piano”, “A dream inspired by the flight of a bee around a pomegranate a moment before awakening”…
I can go on, but is it worth it? Just take a look at the paintings of the master. You will not show indifference: you will either be turned away once and for all, turned inside out from his paintings, or you will get real pleasure, and later - many hours of reflection and analysis of what Dali wanted to say ...
… A concert man, a fantasy man, the embodiment of creativity and surrealism, a child of voluptuousness and a brush of his own imagination. His genius was the dough of the whole world. He said: "I am grateful to fate for two things: for the fact that I am a Spaniard and for the fact that I am Salvador Dali." And what can we add?...
Fears and fetish of a genius - Dali's symbolism
Having created his own, surreal world, Dali filled it with phantasmagoric creatures and mystical symbols. These symbols, reflecting obsessions, fears and objects of the master's fetish, "move" from one of his works to another throughout his creative life.
Dali's symbolism is not accidental (just as everything in life is not accidental, according to the maestro): being interested in Freud's ideas, the surrealist invented and used symbols in order to emphasize hidden meaning their works. Most often - to denote the conflict between the "hard" bodily shell of a person and his soft "fluid" emotional and mental content.
Symbolism of Salvador Dali in sculpture
The ability of these creatures to communicate with God worried Dali. Angels for him are a symbol of a mystical, sublime union. Most often, in the paintings of the master, they appear next to Gala, who for Dali was the embodiment of nobility, purity and connection bestowed by heaven.
ANGEL
the only painting in the world in which there is a still presence, a long-awaited meeting of two creatures against the backdrop of a deserted, gloomy, dead landscape
In every creation of genius we recognize our own rejected thoughts (Ralph Emerson)
Salvador Dali "Fallen Angel" 1951
ANTS
Fear of the perishability of life arose in Dali as a child, when he watched with a mixture of horror and disgust how ants devour the remains of dead small animals. Since then, and for the rest of his life, ants have become for the artist a symbol of decay and rot. Although some researchers associate ants in Dali's work with a strong expression of sexual desire.
Salvador Dali “in the language of allusions and symbols, he designated conscious and active memory in the form of a mechanical clock and ants scurrying about in them, and the unconscious in the form of a soft watch that shows an indefinite time. PERMANENCE OF MEMORY thus depicts fluctuations between ups and downs in the state of wakefulness and sleep. His assertion that " soft watch become a metaphor for the flexibility of time” is full of uncertainty and lack of intrigue. Time can move in different ways: either flow smoothly or be corroded by corruption, which, according to Dali, meant decay, symbolized here by the bustle of insatiable ants.
BREAD
Perhaps the fact that Salvador Dali depicted bread in many works and used it to create surreal objects testified to his fear of poverty and hunger.
Dali has always been a big "fan" of bread. It is no coincidence that he used rolls to decorate the walls of the theatre-museum in Figueres. Bread combines several symbols at once. The appearance of the loaf reminds El Salvador of a hard phallic object, opposed to "soft" time and mind.
"Retrospective Bust of a Woman" 
In 1933, S. Dali created a bronze bust with a loaf of bread on his head, ants on his face and corn cobs as a necklace. It was sold for 300,000 euros.
Basket with bread
In 1926, Dali wrote "The Bread Basket" - a modest still life filled with reverent reverence for the little Dutch, Vermeer and Velazquez. On a black background, a white crumpled napkin, a wicker straw basket, a couple of pieces of bread. Written with a thin brush, no innovations, fierce school wisdom with an admixture of maniacal diligence.
CRUTCHES
One day, little Salvador found old crutches in the attic, and their purpose young genius strong impression. For a long time, the crutches became for him the embodiment of confidence and an arrogance never seen before. By participating in the creation Concise Dictionary Surrealism" in 1938, Salvador Dali wrote that crutches are a symbol of support, without which some soft structures are not able to keep their shape or vertical position.
One of Dali's frank mockery of the communist love André Breton and his leftist views. The main character, according to Dali himself, is Lenin in a cap with a huge visor. In The Diary of a Genius, Salvador writes that the baby is himself, yelling "He wants to eat me!". There are also crutches here - an indispensable attribute of Dali's work, which has retained its relevance throughout the artist's life. With these two crutches, the artist props up the visor and one of the thighs of the leader. This is not the only known work on the subject. Back in 1931, Dali wrote “Partial Hallucination. Six appearances of Lenin on the piano.
DRAWERS
The human bodies in many paintings and objects by Salvador Dali have drawers that open, symbolizing memory, as well as thoughts that you often want to hide. "Secrets of thought" - a concept borrowed from Freud and meaning the secret of hidden desires.
SALVADOR DALI
VENUS De MILO WITH DRAWERS 
Venus de Milo with drawers
,1936 Venus de Milo with Drawers Gypsum. Height: 98 cm Private collection
EGG
This symbol of Dali "found" among Christians and "modified" a little. In Dali's understanding, the egg not only symbolizes purity and perfection (as Christianity teaches), but gives a hint of the former life and rebirth, symbolizes intrauterine development.
“Geopoliticus Child Watching the Birth of the New Man”
Metamorphoses of Narcissus 1937 
You know, Gala (but, of course, you know) it's me. Yes, Narcissus is me.
The essence of metamorphosis is the transformation of the figure of a narcissus into a huge stone hand, and the head into an egg (or onion). Dali uses the Spanish proverb "The bulb in the head has sprouted", which denoted obsessions and complexes. The narcissism of a young man is a similar complex. The golden skin of Narcissus is a reference to the saying of Ovid (whose poem "Metamorphoses", which also told about Narcissus, was inspired by the idea of \u200b\u200bthe picture): "golden wax slowly melts and flows away from the fire ... so love melts and flows away."
ELEPHANTS
Huge and majestic elephants, symbolizing dominance and power, Dali always lean on long thin legs with a large number of kneecaps. So the artist shows the instability and unreliability of what seems unshakable.
IN "The Temptation of Saint Anthony"(1946) Dali placed the saint in the lower corner. A line of elephants, led by a horse, floats above it. Elephants carry temples with naked bodies on their backs. The artist wants to say that temptations are between heaven and earth. For Dali, sex was akin to mysticism.
Another key to understanding the picture lies in the decent appearance on the cloud Spanish El Escorial, a building that for Dali symbolized law and order, achieved through the fusion of the spiritual and the secular.
Swans reflected as elephants
LANDSCAPES
Most often, Dali's landscapes are made in a realistic manner, and their subjects resemble Renaissance paintings. The artist uses landscapes as a backdrop for his surreal collages. This is one of Dali's "signature" features - the ability to combine real and surreal objects on one canvas.
SOFT MELTED WATCH
Dali said that liquid is a material reflection of the indivisibility of space and the flexibility of time. One day after a meal, while looking at a piece of soft Camembert cheese, the artist found the perfect way to express man's changing perception of time - a soft clock. This symbol combines psychological aspect with extraordinary semantic expressiveness.
The Persistence of Memory (soft clocks) 1931 
One of the artist's most famous paintings. Gala correctly predicted that no one, having seen The Persistence of Memory once, would forget it. The picture was painted as a result of the associations that arose in Dali at the sight of processed cheese.
SEA URCHIN
According to Dali, the sea urchin symbolizes the contrast that can be observed in human communication and behavior, when after the first unpleasant contact (similar to contact with the prickly surface of a hedgehog), people begin to recognize pleasant features in each other. In the sea urchin, this corresponds to a soft body with tender meat, which Dali loved to feast on.
Snail
Like sea urchin, the snail symbolizes the contrast between the external severity and rigidity and soft internal content. But in addition to this, Dali was delighted with the outlines of the snail, the exquisite geometry of its shell. During one of his bicycle outings from home, Dali saw a snail on the trunk of his bicycle and for a long time remembered the charm of this sight. Being sure that the snail was on a bicycle for a reason, the artist made it one of the key symbols of his work.
Well, here's a biography of Salvador Dali. Salvador is one of my favorite artists. I tried to add more dirty details tasty interesting facts and quotes from friends from the master's entourage, which are not found on other sites. There is a brief biography of the artist's work - see the navigation below. A lot is taken from the film Gabriella Flights "Biography of Salvador Dali", so be careful, spoilers!
When inspiration leaves me, I put my brush and paint aside and sit down to write something about the people I am inspired by. So it goes.
Salvador Dali biography. Table of contents.
The Dalis will spend the next eight years in the United States. Immediately upon arrival in America, Salvador and Gala threw a grandiose orgy of PR action. They had a costume party in a surreal style (Gala sat in a unicorn costume, hmm) and invited the most prominent people from the bohemian party of their time. Dali quite successfully began to exhibit in America, and his shocking antics were very fond of the American press and the bohemian crowd. What, what, but they have not yet seen such a virtuoso-artistic shiz.
In 1942, the surrealist published his autobiography, The Secret Life of Salvador Dali, written by himself. A book for unprepared minds will be slightly shocking, I say right away. It's worth reading though, it's interesting. Despite the obvious strangeness of the author, it is read quite easily and naturally. IMHO, Dali, as a writer, is pretty good, in his own way, of course.
However, despite the huge critical success, Gale again found it difficult to find buyers for the paintings. But everything changed when in 1943 a wealthy couple from Colorado visited the Dali exhibition - Reynold and Eleanor Mos became regular buyers of paintings by Salvador and family friends. The couple Mos purchased a quarter of all the paintings of Salvador Dali and later founded the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, but not in the one you thought of, but in America, in Florida.
We started collecting his works, often met with Dali and Gala, and he liked us, because we liked his paintings. Gala also fell in love with us, but she had to maintain her reputation as a person with a difficult character, she was torn between sympathy for us and her reputation. (c) Eleanor Mos
Dali worked closely as a designer, participated in the creation of jewelry and scenery. In 1945, Hitchcock invited the master to create scenery for his film Spellbound. Even Walt Disney was subdued magical world Dali. In 1946, he commissioned a cartoon that would introduce Americans to surrealism. True, the sketches came out so surreal that the cartoon will never appear at the box office, but later, after all, it will be finished. It's called Destino. The cartoon is schizophasic, very beautiful, with high-quality art and is worth watching, unlike the Andalusian dog (do not watch the dog, honestly).
Salvador Dali's quarrel with the surrealists.
While the entire artistic and intellectual community hated Franco, as he was a dictator who seized the republic by force. Dali nevertheless decided to go against popular opinion. (c) Antonio Pichot.
Dali was a monarchist, he talked with Franco and he told him that he was going to restore the monarchy. So Dali was for Franco. (c) Lady Moyne
The painting of El Salvador at this time acquires a particularly academic character. For the paintings of the master of this period, the classical component is especially characteristic, despite the obvious surreal plot. The maestro also paints landscapes and classical paintings without any surrealism. Many canvases also acquire a distinct religious character. Famous paintings by Salvador Dali of this time - Atomic ice, The Last Supper, Christ of Saint Juan de la Cruz, etc.
The prodigal son returned to the bosom of the Catholic Church and in 1958 Dali and Gala got married. Dali was 54 years old, Galya 65. However, despite the wedding, their romance has changed. Gala's goal was to turn Salvador Dali into world celebrity and she has already achieved it. There is no denying that their partnership was much more than just a business arrangement. But Gala loved young stallions to stand for an hour without a break, and Salvadorich was no longer the same. He no longer looked like the sexless extravagant ephebe she had known before. Therefore, their relationship cooled noticeably, and Gala was increasingly seen surrounded by young gigolos and without El Salvador.
Many thought that Dali was just a showman, but this is not so. He worked 18 hours a day, admiring the local landscapes. I think he was basically a simple man. (c) Lady Moyne.
Amanda Lear, Salvador Dali's second great love.
Salvador, who had been burning all his life with burning eyes, turned into a shaking, unfortunate animal with a driven look. Time spares no one.
Death of Gala, Surrealist's wife.
Soon the maestro was waiting new blow. In 1982, at the age of 88, Gala died of a heart attack. Despite the rather cool Lately relationship, Salvador Dali, with the death of Gala, lost his core, the basis of his existence, and became like an apple with a rotten core.
For Dali, this was the strongest blow. As if his world was falling apart. It's a terrible time. The time of the deepest depression. (c) Antonio Pichot.
After the death of Gala, Dali rolled downhill. He left for Pubol. (c) Lady Moyne.
The famous surrealist moved to a castle bought for his wife, where the traces of her former presence allowed him to somehow brighten up his existence.
I think it was big mistake retire to this castle, where he was surrounded by people who did not know him at all, but in this way Dali mourned Gala (c) Lady Moyne.
Once a famous party-goer, Salvador, whose house was always full of people drunk on pink champagne, turned into a recluse who allowed only close friends to visit him.
He said - well, let's meet, but in complete darkness. I don't want you to see how gray and old I've become. I want her to remember me young and beautiful (c) Amanda.
I was asked to visit him. He put a bottle of red wine on the table, a glass, put a chair, and he remained in the bedroom with the door closed. (c) Lady Moyne.
Fire and death of Salvador Dali
Fate, which had previously spoiled Dali with good luck, decided, as if in retaliation for all previous years, to throw a new misfortune to El Salvador. In 1984, a fire broke out in the castle. None of the nurses on duty around the clock responded to Dali's cries for help. When Dali was rescued, his body was 25 percent burned. Unfortunately, fate did not give the artist an easy death and he recovered, although he was exhausted and scarred from burns. Salvador's friends persuaded him to leave his castle and move to a museum in Figueres. Last years before his death, Salvador Dali spent surrounded by his art.
5 years later, Salvador Dali died in a hospital in Barcelona from cardiac arrest. So it goes.
Such an end seems too sad for a man who was overflowing with life and so different from others. He was an incredible person. (c) Lady Moyne
You tell Vrubel and Van Gogh.
Salvador Dali enriched our lives not only with his paintings. I'm glad he let us get to know him so intimately. (c) Eleanor Mos
I felt that a huge, very significant part of my life had ended, as if I had lost my own father. (c) Amanda.
Meeting with Dali for many was a real discovery of a new vast world, an unusual philosophy. Compared to him, all these modern artists who are trying to copy his style just look pathetic. (c) Ultraviolet.
Before his death, Salvador Dali bequeathed to bury himself in his museum, surrounded by his works, under the feet of his admiring admirers.
Surely there are people who don't even know he's dead, they think he just doesn't work anymore. In a way, it doesn't matter if Dali is alive or dead. For pop culture, he is always alive. (c) Alice Cooper.
