1 common suggestion. Types of simple sentences by structure

§ 1 Common and non-common sentences

The grammatical basis of a sentence is the subject and the predicate. These are the main members of the proposal. All other words in the sentence are secondary members.

To express our thoughts, we use different sentences: some sentences consist only of main members, others have both main and secondary ones.

Let's compare the two texts.

Autumn has come. The sky is overcast. The wind blows. Leaves are falling. The birds are screaming.

Has come cold autumn. The sky is getting darker and darker. A strong wind is blowing from the north.

Colored leaves fall to the ground. Flying birds are screaming.

What is the difference?

The sentences of the first text consist only of the main members - the subject and the predicate. Such proposals are called non-distributed.

The second text consists of sentences in which, in addition to the main members, there are also secondary ones. Such offers are called common.

§ 2 How to extend a sentence consisting of a grammatical stem

A sentence consisting only of a grammatical basis is easy to spread, for this you need to add secondary members to it. At the same time, secondary members give the sentence a different emotional coloring.

Consider an example.

You can distribute it in different ways:

The examples show how much they can differ in emotional coloring and content of sentences with the same grammatical basis.

§ 3 How to determine whether a sentence is common or not common

To determine which offer is in front of us - common or not common,

you need to find a grammatical basis in it

r and see if there are minor members in this sentence.

It would seem that the subject and predicate are two words, therefore, if there are more than two words in a sentence, then it is common. Such an opinion is erroneous. We can meet an uncommon sentence in which there are several subjects or predicates:

Conversely, there are common two-word sentences that do not have a subject or predicate:

Observe your speech and the speech of others. What sentences do we use most often? Certainly common. They help us convey information more accurately and in detail. With their help, we can find out where the event took place, when and how. Our speech becomes richer and brighter.

§ 4 Summary of the lesson

Sentences that consist only of main members are called non-extended. Sentences in which there are both main and secondary members are called common. A common sentence conveys information more accurately, in detail, expressively.

List of used literature:

1. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V. Russian language. Textbook for grade 3. - M.: Balass, 2012.
2. Buneeva E.V., Yakovleva M.A. Guidelines to the textbook "Russian language", grade 3. - M.: Balass, 2014. - 208s.
3. Razumovskaya M.M., Lvova S.I., Kapinos V.I. and others. Russian language. Textbook for grade 5. - M .: Bustard, 2006. - 301s.
4. Rosenthal D.E., Telenkova M.A. Dictionary-reference linguistic terms. - M.: Enlightenment, 1985. - 400s
5. Isaeva N.E Workbook in Russian for grade 3.- M.: Balass, 2012.-78s.

1. Read the information .

Uncommon proposal- a sentence that consists only of the main members (subject and predicate).

Common Suggestion- a sentence in which, in addition to the main ones (subject and predicate), there are also secondary members of the sentence (addition, definition, circumstance).

2. Consider examples uncommon and common offers.

Offer	Example
Uncommon	The birds are singing.
	The stream is ringing.
Common	Elk easy running through the swamps.
	Cats love the pungent scent of valerian.

The location of the subject and predicate in non-common sentences may look like this.

• Subject + predicate. The birches turned yellow.
• Predicate + subject. Lightning flashed.
• Subject + predicate, predicate. Everything is green and blooming.
• Subject + predicate, predicate, predicate. The cubs played, fought, tumbled.
• Subject + predicate AND predicate.
• Predicate + subject AND subject. Winter and spring meet.
• Predicate + subject, subject, subject AND subject. Apple trees, pears, cherries and plums blossomed.

Predicate AND predicate + subject, subject AND subject. Bushes, trees and blades of grass awaken and come to life.

Simple common sentences. Examples on the topic - HOW THE ANIMALS ARE PREPARING FOR WINTER

Examples of simple common sentences with the word - AUTUMN

Examples of simple common sentences with the word - WIND

How to make an uncommon offer - THE EARTH IS RICH - common

EXAMPLES OF UNCOMMON OFFERS.

The sentences are arranged alphabetically (according to the letter of the first word in the sentence).

A

The storks got scared and hid.

B

The birch is alive. The birches turned yellow. The snake flashed. Lightning flashed.

Bears roam. It was September.

IN

A blizzard is blowing. The wind is noisy. The wind howls. The thread has wobbled. The lark flew up. The sun has risen. The water darkened. The cubs played, fought, tumbled. Sparrow calmed down. The sparrow took off. Here is the blizzard. Here comes the squirrel. Everything is green and blooming. Everything is frozen.

Everything sparkles and sparkles. Everything turned yellow. Everything is awakening. Winter and spring meet. The sun came out. Water came out.

G

Thunder boomed. Bees and bumblebees are buzzing.

D

The tree swayed. The trees swayed. The trees withered, degenerated.

The rain is drizzling. Rain stopped. The house lit up. The road is frozen. The wind blows.

E

Hedgehogs play, frolic.

Z

Nature is sad. The birds were silent. The kitten meowed. The sun shone.

The pond also fell asleep. Frost crackled. The bushes crackled. Apple trees, pears, cherries and plums blossomed. The firs rustled. The hare looked around. The earth trembled.

The animals hid.There lived a grandfather and a woman. Streams murmur.

AND

It's raining. There is a storm.

TO

The carriage pulled up and stopped.The frogs croaked.The holidays are over. The snow was circling. L The ice cracked. The forest was noisy. The forest is alive. The forest came to life, rustled. The forest has thinned.

The forest brightened up. The forest is sleeping. The leaves flew off. Leaves trembled, tore off and flew. Leaves fell and fell. The fishing has begun. It's raining. It's raining. People ran. People listened and smiled. The frogs croaked.

M

The boy fell. A shadow flickered. Silent fields and forests.The forest, and the wind, and the water are silent. The frost was getting stronger. Frost crackles.

A hairy bumblebee flew up to the daisies and buzzed loudly. The ants fussed. The ants are busy. We fell silent.

H

A cloud ran up. The wind came up. Autumn has come. Twilight came on. Evening came. Dawn has come. Morning has come. The cold has come. The storm has begun. The snowfall has begun. The sky turned black. The sky cleared up.

The sky is overcast. Nora collapsed.

ABOUT

The lake is frozen. She considered. Leaves are falling.

P

Snow falls. Snow fell. The sun was beating down. Moose graze. The songs are silent.

The snow ran. Brooks ran. It snowed. The carriage jumped.

The weather has changed. Dust has risen. The bunnies grew up and grew bolder.

The winds blew. Approach it autumn. The sun appeared. The strawberries ripen.

Apples, pears and plums ripened. Snowflakes fell. The branches fell down.

Streams flowed. The kidneys are swollen. Birds are singing. A swallow appeared.

There are chanterelles, mushrooms, russula, raincoats, butterflies.

Dandelions appear. Winter will come. The wagtail has arrived. Nature fell asleep. Nature is alive. Silent fields, forests. The little men got bored.

Summer has come . Animals run by. Moose run by. Birds fly by.

It rained. The cold is refreshing and invigorating. The storm has passed. The fox ran. A mouse ran. Bushes, trees and blades of grass awaken and come to life. The owl screamed. The grasshopper woke up. The summer has passed. Autumn has passed too. A mouse darted. The distances are clearing up. The bird got up and flew away.

The birds are in a hurry.

R

Work has stopped. The work didn't stop. There were voices.

The bell rang. There was a crack. Bells, forget-me-nots are blooming.

The guys are gone. The river is frozen. The river has become The lynx froze.

WITH

The seedlings took root, got stronger, grew up. Lightning flashed.

Oriole whistles. Voices are heard. A call is heard. Sounds and voices are heard. Snow sparkles, sparkles. The snow has melted. The snow has come down. The dog stopped. The sun was setting. The pines are frozen. Worth December.

Grasshoppers chirp. The arrow moved.

T

Snow is melting. The silence is worth it.

At

Wither, leaves turn yellow. Lightning struck.

X

The downpour poured down. Bough crunched.

C

Willows bloomed. Lilies of the valley, dandelions and strawberries bloom.The flowers withered, turned yellow.

W

The whisper subsides. The bumblebee is buzzing. Noisy, raging bad weather.

SCH

The puppy whined.

I

I stood and listened. I've calmed down. The lizards are gone.

3. Let's complete online tasks .

Tests on the topic "Offers"

Uncommon proposal

An offer that does not include minor members. It's been a hundred years(Pushkin). She didn't answer and turned away(Lermontov). How good, how fresh were the roses(Turgenev).

Dictionary-reference book of linguistic terms. Ed. 2nd. - M.: Enlightenment. Rosenthal D. E., Telenkova M. A.. 1976 .

See what "uncommon sentence" is in other dictionaries:

A one-part sentence, the main member of which, denoting the presence, existence of an object or phenomenon in the present or out of time, is expressed by a noun, a personal pronoun, a substantiated part of speech, having the form ... ...

TABLE OF CONTENTS- SPELLING I. Spelling of vowels in the root § 1. Checked unstressed vowels § 2. Unchecked unstressed vowels § 3. Alternating vowels § 4. Vowels after hissing § 5. Vowels after q § 6. Letters e e § 7. Letter y II. Spelling consonants ... ...

simple sentence parsing scheme- 1) structural diagram and predicative basis of a simple sentence; 2) structural features of a simple sentence: a) by the nature of the segmentation / non-segmentation of the sentence; b) according to the composition of the main members (two-part / one-part); if the offer...

- (analysis by parts of speech). If the object of analysis is a sentence, then its morphological composition is clarified, followed by a description of individual words belonging to one or another part of speech. First, permanent morphological ... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms

homogeneous members of a sentence Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal

homogeneous members of a sentence- Members included in a combination of words in which none of them is the main one. According to P.A. Lekanta, O.ch.p. any simple sentence can be complicated: 1) common and 2) non-common. O.ch.p. syntactically equivalent in ... ... Syntax: Dictionary

PUNCTUATION- @ Punctuation marks at the end of a sentence and at a break in speech XX. Punctuation marks at the end of a sentence and at a break in speech § 75. Period § 76. Question mark § 77. Exclamation mark Section 78 ... A guide to spelling and style

At runtime parsing we characterize a sentence by indicating whether the sentence is exclamatory or non-exclamatory, simple or complex, common or non-common, and so on. In this article, we will talk about the characteristics of the proposal in terms of the presence or absence of secondary members.

What is a common offer

In many sentences, in addition to the main ones, there are also secondary members. They make the sentence more colorful and understandable, allowing us to better imagine what the author tells us about. If in the sentence, in addition to the main one, there is at least one minor member, then we have a common sentence. If there are no minor members, the proposal is not extended.

If in a sentence, in addition to the grammatical basis, there is an appeal or an introductory construction, then this sentence still does not become common, because neither the appeal nor introductory words are not members of the proposal. Let's give an example: It seems it's dawn.

Minor members

In the sentence, you can meet various secondary members. They differ in grammatical meaning and in the additional meaning they give to the main terms.

A definition refers to a subject or object, less often to a circumstance or another definition if they are expressed by a noun. It answers questions Which? Whose? Which one is on the bill? Most often it is expressed as an adjective or participle in full form (variegated fallen leaves), pronoun (my portfolio), ordinal number (second floor). Less commonly, a definition can be expressed as a noun. (what dress? in a cage) or the infinitive of the verb (what dream? win a million). Often the definition is expressed by participial turnover.

Application is a special definition expressed by a noun, usually agreed upon (beautiful girl).

If the application is a title in quotation marks (books, magazines, trains, spaceships, etc.), it does not decline along with the word being defined: in the Ogonyok magazine, about the Vostok ship.

Both the regular definition and the appendix are underlined in parsing the sentence with a wavy line.

The predicate usually includes circumstances and additions.

Circumstance answers questions Where? When? Where? Where? Why? For what? How? In what degree? It is expressed most often by an adverb, a participle, a noun with a preposition; is also expressed participle turnover. There are frequent cases when the circumstance of the goal is an infinitive (went why? buy bread). When performing syntactic analysis, the circumstance must be underlined by the dot-dash line.

Complements are expressed most often by nouns or pronouns; they answer questions of oblique cases (all but the nominative). Sometimes you can find additions expressed by the infinitive. It is necessary to underline this part of the sentence with a dotted line.

The scheme of a common sentence is usually a chain of graphic characters - underlines - corresponding to the location of the members of the sentence. Let's take an example.

"Yellow sheet smoothly descended to the track" .

In this sentence, first is the definition yellow, then the subject sheet, the circumstance "smoothly", the addition "(to) the track." Therefore, the diagram will look like this: a wavy line, a straight line, a dot-dash line, a double line, a dotted line.

Syntax is a branch of the science of language responsible for the study of syntactic units. Syntactic units are a phrase and a sentence. In the reference book on the Russian language, authored by T.V. Shklyarova, a sentence is defined as "the basic minimum unit of human speech, which is the main means of expressing and communicating thoughts."

In Russian, all statements are classified according to the following principles:

1. According to the number of speech units are divided into simple and complex. For example: I came home. - one subject (I) and one predicate (came), a simple sentence. November came, and in the mornings there was a terrible frost. - two subjects (November, frost) and two predicates (came, stood), a complex statement.
2. By the presence or absence of the main members, one-component and two-component units are distinguished. What are you dreaming about? - the subject is absent, one-part syntactic unit. And what are you dreaming about? - there is both a subject and a predicate; two-part unit.
3. By the nature of the relationship to reality. How tired of this job. - affirmative; I don't like this job. - negative.
4. By the presence of secondary members, syntactic units are divided into common and non-common. An example of an uncommon saying - Summer has come. An example of a common saying - A hot sunny summer has come.
5. By the presence of all members of the statement. Full (there are both main and secondary members). For example: A thick haze descended sharply on the forest. Incomplete (one of the necessary members of the proposal is missing). For example: How are you? - (both subject and predicate are missing).
6. According to the purpose of the statement, narrative statements are distinguished (Mom is now at home.), Incentive (Come here!) And interrogative statements (What day is it today?).
7. By allocate exclamatory and non-exclamatory units of syntax. Compare: "I have come." and "I'm here!"

Let us consider in more detail the classification of statements according to the fourth type. What is the difference between a common offer and a non-spread one? In the first type of syntactic units, in addition to the subject and the predicate, secondary members can be distinguished. Minor members is a circumstance, a definition and an addition.

Two-part common sentences

Consider the simplest examples from the textbook for the fifth grade.

• "I went" - simple two-part non-common - no definition, addition or circumstance.
• "I went quickly" - a simple two-part common - is a circumstance expressed by the adverb "quickly".
• “I went to school” - this unit is also common, since it contains the circumstance expressed by the noun “school”.

An offer can be shared at the expense of several minor members at once. "I went to new school”- here there is both the circumstance “school” and the definition “new”.

One-part common sentences

"Darkness" - one-component uncommon; there are no subject and minor members. “It got dark early” - there is no subject in the sentence, however, there is a circumstance of the manner of action, expressed by the adverb “early”.

How to make a common statement out of an uncommon statement

In order to get a common unit of syntax, it is enough to add one of the elements of a common statement to it: addition, circumstance or definition.

So, to the unit "I see." you can add an addition - "I see the river", "I see you."

You can add a definition to the addition - "I see a huge river", "I see a beautiful girl."

And here is an example of how you can expand the statement with the help of a circumstance. There are several types of circumstances:

• Circumstance of place - answers the question "Where?". We returned yesterday home.
• Circumstance of time - answers the question "When?". We returned yesterday at three o'clock in the morning.
• The circumstance of the course of action - answers the question “How? How?". We were going home in a hurry.
• Purpose circumstance - answers the question "For what purpose?". To spite the mother she returned home late at night.
• Circumstance measure - answers the question "How many times?". Twice not getting through to the taxi, I realized that I would not return home today.
• Circumstance of degree - answers the question "To what extent? To what extent?" - He was very surprised by my arrival home.

How to determine the type of a syntactic unit

It is easy to determine the type of an utterance by highlighting it grammar basics. First, find the subject and the predicate. Next, we turn to the search for secondary terms. To do this, we ask questions from the list above to all elements of the statement. If the proposal has at least one of the minor members, it is common.