What are participles and gerunds, their distinguishing features and suffixes. Participial and participle constructions as syntactic constructions

Goals:

• generalization and systematization of students' knowledge on the topics "Communion" and "Gernal participle";
• strengthening the practical ability to find participles and participles, participles and participles in the text;
• strengthening the ability to compose a monologue statement on a linguistic topic;
• development of logical thinking, skills independent work with text;
• fostering a sense of mutual assistance, developing interest in reading through analytical work with the text of N.V. Gogol's story "Taras Bulba".

Lesson type: combined lesson on the use of ZUN.

Method: reproductive-creative, visual-figurative.

Equipment:

1. Table “N.V. Gogol. "Taras Bulba".
2. Informant card (4 options).
3. Cards for individual work.
4. Table “Distinctive signs of participle and participle” (filled in during the lesson).
5. Individual counters for counting earned points.

Epigraphs:

They [participles] serve as an abbreviation of the human word, containing the name and the verb power.

M.V. Lomonosov

[Gerential phrases] belong mainly to bookish speech. Their undoubted advantage ... lies in their brevity and dynamism. They also have great expressiveness.

D.E.Rosenthal

During the classes

I. Announcement of the topic and purpose of the lesson.

Guys! We have completed the study of the topics “Communion” and “Gerniparticiple”. Today in the lesson we will summarize and systematize your knowledge by compiling a table “Distinguishing signs of participle and participle”. What is such a table for? Firstly, as already mentioned, to systematize your knowledge, because the knowledge brought into the system remains in memory firmly and for a long time. Secondly, perhaps some of you will have to take an oral exam in Russian at the final certification at the end of the 9th grade. In this case, the table we have compiled will help you quickly recall all the information about the sacrament and participle. Thirdly, and most importantly, you will be able to make similar comparative tables on other topics.

At home, you have prepared examples of sentences with participial and participle phrases from N.V. Gogol's story "Taras Bulba", which you will use when compiling the table. Each of you also has an information card from which you can take examples to illustrate one or another provision of the table.

During the lesson, you will independently calculate the earned points. The class is divided into two teams. At the end of the lesson, when the winning team is determined, the one of you who brings the winning team the most points will receive an additional mark.

II. Epigraph.

Epigraphs have been selected for our lesson, but before they appear on the board, determine what they are talking about.

(The teacher reads out the epigraphs, the guys add the missing words: participles, participle turnover.)

III. Compiling a table.

What grammatical features do participles and gerunds have? How are we going to compare them?

(Students name a grammatical feature, then tell how it manifests itself in the sacrament and gerund. The teacher at this time fills out the table on the board. It is better to prepare cards in advance and attach them to the board with magnets.

For each position of the table, the children give examples from homework or from the information card).

Distinctive features of participle and participle
Grammar signs	Participle	gerund
1. What question does it answer?	Which? Which? Which? Thinking, woven, telling	What do you do? Having done what? Playing, admiring
2. What does it mean?	Sign of the object by action: a person who thinks - a thinking person	Additional action: watched admiringly
3. What word in the sentence does it refer to?	For a noun: falling leaves; sons who studied in the bursa	For the verb: let's go, looking back
4. How does it change?	By cases, numbers and genders: looking - looking; looking - looking; looking, looking, looking, etc.	Doesn't change
5. What features of the verb does it have?	Type, time, return: looking - looking; laughing	Type, return: looking, looking, laughing
6. How is it formed (suffixes)?	ash-box (looking); yush-yush (melting); vsh, sh (builder, carrying) om-em-im (slave, visible, readable); enn, nn, t (seen, read, compressed)	and I (seeing, hearing) in, lice, shi (having supper, stopping, lying down)
7. What member of the sentence is (syntactic role)?	Definition: And they brought Cossacks twisted with ropes to the shaft.	Circumstance: Partridges darted under their thin roots, stretching out their necks.
8. How does punctuation stand out in writing?	The participial turnover is separated by commas if it is after the word being defined: She clung to the head of the dear his sons lying nearby.	A single gerund and a participle are always separated by commas: Sobbing, she looked into their eyes.

VI. Connected story on a linguistic topic.

One representative from each team draws a ticket and answers the questions: “What do I know about the sacrament?” or “What do I know about the participle?”

During the response, the class listens carefully and reviews the response.

v. Individual work on cards or graphic dictation.

(at the discretion of the teacher)

Summing up the lesson.

The result is summed up by individual counters:

26-28 points - "5";

22-25 points - "4";

17-21 points - "3".

The student from the winning team with the most points receives an additional mark of “5”.

Class: 7.

Goals:

Educational:

• generalize and systematize knowledge about adverbial and participial phrases;
• to develop the ability to find and highlight adverbial and participial phrases; to prevent errors in the use of adverbial turnover;
• learn to use adverbial and participial phrases in speech.

Educational:

• cultivate love for native word, to native nature.

Developing:

• develop Creative skills students.

During the classes

I. Repetition

• What is called adverbial turnover?
• How are gerunds and participles distinguished?
• What is a participle turnover? When is it separated by commas in a letter?
• What is the difference between adverbial and adverbial phrases?

II. Anchoring

1) Vocabulary work

tamp down

• give lexical meaning word;
• form participles and gerunds from the verb;
• make up the phrase "germs + adverb" with the particle "not", where the main word is the gerund;
• with the phrase "tamping tightly" make a proposal on the New Year's theme.

2) Spelling dictation

(Non) stopping snowfall, sound (not) heard, (not) feeling tired, (not) despairing, (not) going back, (not) coming on time, (not) well traveled path, (not) you will see from afar, (not) frightened birds, strongly (not) thinking.

3) Parsing offers

Shining 3 with the majestic beauty of the north, the night quietly slumbers, woven with a thin frosty fog 4 . (Seraph.)

4) Explanatory dictation

• Designate graphically the adverbial and participial phrases.

5) Construction of sentences with adverbial turnover

• Replace verbs with gerunds. Write immediately in a modified form, placing punctuation marks.

1. The moon rises and silvers the ice on the river.
   The moon, rising, silvers the ice on the river.
2. The sky is covered with clouds and becomes menacing.
   The sky is covered with clouds, acquiring a formidable look.
3. The joy of communion with nature grows and overwhelms the whole being.
   The joy of communion with nature grows, overflowing the whole being.

6) Perforation control

• Indicate in the table the numbers of the sentences in which the adverbial and participial phrases met.

1. Nature, holding its breath, froze.
2. The snow carpet, changing the usual outfit of the forest, pubescent spruce.
3. Only the tops of Christmas trees are visible, lonely growing near the edge.
4. Throwing whirlwinds, birds take off with noise from under their feet.
5. Night, approaching inexorably, plunges everything into darkness.
6. The view of young birch trees, turning pink in the rays of the red winter sun, fascinates.
7. Freezing, you will hear different sounds.
8. Every person who is in the winter forest experiences an amazing feeling.

Proposal No.	1.	2.	3.	4.	5.	6.	7.	8.	9.	10.
ger. turnover	+	+		+		+			+
incl. turnover			+		+		+	+		+

7) Editing

• Correct (orally) the mistakes in the use of gerunds.

1. Hitting a branch, she slowly swayed.
   The affected branch slowly swayed.
2. Suddenly recoiling, my hat flew off.
   I recoiled suddenly and dropped my hat.
3. The frightened bird flapped its wings and flew away.
   The frightened bird, flapping its wings, flew away.
4. I followed her flight with my eyes.
   I, following her flight with my eyes, rolled down the hill.

8) Test

I. Find a sentence with participial turnover:

1. The wind blew along the shore, breaking off dry branches.
2. The river, cluttered with white hummock, sparkled slightly.
3. The sun, having sent the last ray to the earth, buried itself in a gray haze.
4. The clods of snow lying on the branches crushed them downwards.

II. Find a sentence with an adverbial phrase:

1. Barely illuminating the snow, the day quickly faded into twilight.
2. Cirrus clouds are visible through the gaps, floating high above the trees.
3. The storm raged all night, suddenly subsiding by morning.
4. Long-harnessed horses chilled in the snow.

III. Find a sentence with participial turnover:

1. In the frozen sky, the last cloud was extinguished, illuminated by a cold sunset.
2. The fox digs in the snow, scattering snow dust around.
3. Having stormed during the night, the forest calmed down, drooping with pine branches.
4. The frosty, burning day blinds the eyes, scattering creaking snowdrifts.

IV. Find a sentence with an adverbial phrase:

1. Until the very spring, the river, bound by ice, is silent.
2. Snow-covered huts sparkled brightly in the sun.
3. Fluffy snowflakes, fluttering and spinning lightly, fell to the ground.
4. The skies crumbled into snow fluff, filling the entire air with movement.

Answers: I - 2, 4; II - 1.3; III - 1, 4; IV - 3, 4.

9) creative work

• Composition-miniature "New Year's holiday".

1. What do you expect from this day?
2. What is your mood?
3. What is special about family members?
4. How do you perceive strangers around you?
5. What gives you the greatest pleasure on this day?
6. What do you wish for this day?

Key phrases

Expecting something unusual, filled with pleasant chores, joy growing in me, smiling faces, helping everyone, anticipating universal delight, admiring the green beauty, wishing all the best.

You wake up on December 31 expecting something unusual. There is still a long day ahead, filled with pleasant chores, but the joy that grows in me is transferred to others.

Strangers smiling at me seem close.

Helping everyone, I do not forget that I have the most responsible task - to decorate the Christmas tree.

For me it is a great pleasure. Anticipating the general enthusiasm, I try my best.

Mom will hug me, and we will stand, admiring the green beauty. Amazing, funny, a little crazy New year's night ended.

Wishing you all the best, I fall asleep.

III. Homework.

§30-36, write out of sentences fiction 3 sentences with participial phrases, 3 sentences with participial phrases.

In Russian, speech constructions can be enriched with participial and participle turns. This article discusses the features and rules for the use of each type of turnover, examples of their competent use in speech are given.

Communion and gerund in Russian- these are special forms of the verb (some authors have independent parts of speech), which, together with dependent words, form special syntactic constructions: participial and participle turnovers.

• Participial, like a single participle, denotes a sign by action, answers questions Which? What? Doing what? What has done? and in the sentence refers to the word being defined. The syntactic role is a separate or non-separate definition.

  Examples of sentences with participial turnover: Sitting by the window the boy put down the book and looked at his mother (the boy (who? who did what?) was sitting by the window). Furniture, brought from the cottage, we put in the corridor (furniture (what?) Brought from the dacha).

• Participial turnover indicates an additional action, answers questions What do you do? Having done what? and in the sentence refers to the verb-predicate. It performs the syntactic role of a separate circumstance.

  Examples of the use of adverbial turnover: Doing the exercise, the student noticed a typo in the textbook (notice (what while doing?) doing the exercise). Having cooked dinner, Katya decided to rest a little (decided to rest (what did she do?) Having cooked dinner).

Note! In the formation of participial turnover, the main word of the construction can only be a participle, and the participial turnover can only be a participle.

Isolation of participial revolutions

In a sentence, the isolation (separation by commas) of the participle in the sentence depends on its position in relation to the word being defined:

• Before the word being defined, the participial turnover is not isolated.

  Examples: Dima raised fallen off the hanger hat. Student redrawn given in the textbook scheme.

• After the word being defined, the participial turnover is separated by commas on both sides.

  Examples: Janitor, sweeping the leaves all morning went out for lunch. Painting, painted in modern style hung over the sofa.

Also, the participial turnover is isolated if it refers to a personal pronoun or expresses an adverbial meaning.

Examples: Moved to another group They haven't met yet. Worried about a friend, the man called the hospital every hour (called (why? what did you do?) worrying about a friend).

Isolation of adverbial phrases

In participles, the rule of separation in sentences is the same - the participle is always distinguished by commas, regardless of its position in relation to the verb-predicate.

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Examples: Frightened by the rumble, the kitten hid under the sofa. Grandma made tea for us asking about what happened.

The adverbial turnover is not separated by commas:

• If it is part of a phraseological expression L (people listened to the guest hanging ears) ;
• If the gerund has turned into an adverb and it can be replaced by a synonymous adverb (They walked slowly (slowly)).
• If the adverbial phrase includes a dependent word which or derivatives (We attended a lecture, after listening to which we began to better understand the subject).

PARTICIPIAL AND GERDIC PARTICIPAL TURNS

Prepared by a teacher of Russian language and literature

MBOU secondary school №28

Kuschiak O. G.

• Suddenly resounding loud cries woke me and our whole camp sheltered by the fire. Screams resounded in the peacefully sleeping backwaters of the river. At dusk on the shore could be seen strange bands some people. Not far away stood a cart drawn by a horse, calmly waiting for transportation. Half an hour later, the loaded ferry rolled away from the shore, and another quarter of an hour later, a steamer leading a large barge emerged from behind the cape. I settled on the deck and admired the corners that opened with every turn of the river, still shrouded in a bluish haze. (By V. Korolenko )

Test yourself.

• suddenly resounding loud screams woke me and our whole camp, sheltered by the fire . The screams resounded in sleeping peacefully creeks of the river. At dusk, strange groups of some people could be seen on the shore. Not far away was a cart, harnessed by a horse, calmly waiting for transportation. Half an hour later, the loaded ferry rolled away from the shore, and a quarter of an hour later, a steamer sailed out from behind the cape, leading a large barge . I settled on the deck and admired the corners, opened with every turn of the river, still shrouded in a bluish haze . (By V. Korolenko )

Place punctuation marks, explain their setting.

It is beautiful to look from the side at the ship, winged with white sails, gracefully sailing along the endless expanse of sea waves. But look at the number of hands setting it in motion! A sailing ship wrapped in ropes and hung with sails, dozing in a calm and tacking in the opposite wind, cannot move back in an instant or quickly turn around.

(By I. Goncharov )

Test yourself.

It is beautiful to look at the ship from the side, covered in white sails , gracefully floating on the endless expanse of sea waves . But look at the number of hands setting it in motion ! Sailing vessel wrapped in ropes and hung with sails, dozing in a calm and tacking in a contrary wind, cannot move back in an instant or turn quickly. (By I. Goncharov )

The long steppe road, impregnated with the smell of wormwood, stretching to the sea from a distant city, was left behind, and in front of all the distance and expanse stretched the open sea, which had no boundaries. And it seemed to the guys that they had reached the very end of the world, that there was nothing further. There is one quietly splashing sea, and above it the same endless sky, only in some places covered with pale pink clouds. The boys, tired from their long journey, walked in silence. Their heads were hidden behind heaps of dry weeds, collected by them for the future fire.

Place punctuation marks, explain their setting.

The wolves slowly got up and, with their tails between their legs, went into the field. The young she-wolf sat down in the snow, raising her head, and for the first time in her life howled plaintively without taking her eyes off the moon. The wolves listened to her howl, and in their hearts, the wool on their backs became cold, a feeling of evil longing woke up.

The she-wolf sang her song with her head held high and looking at the moon. Hearing her, the hares that went out into the field to dig out the green winter rose in fright on their paws. The wolves were sad, they stood looking with twinkling eyes at the snow.

(By I. Sokolov-Mikitov)

Test yourself.

The wolves slowly got up and, with their tails between their legs, went into the field. The young she-wolf sat down in the snow, raising her head, and for the first time in her life howled plaintively, never taking her eyes off the moon. The wolves listened to her howl, and in their hearts, cold fur on their backs, a feeling of evil longing arose.

The she-wolf sang her song, holding her head high and looking at the moon. Hearing her, the hares, who went out into the field to dig out the green winter, rose in fright on their paws. The wolves were sad, they stood, looking with twinkling eyes at the snow.

(By I. Sokolov-Mikitov)

Place punctuation marks, explain their setting.

Juicy chips flew onto the dewy grass and a slight crackle was heard from the blows. The tree trembled with its whole body, bent and quickly straightened up and hesitated on its root. For a moment, everything was quiet, but again the tree buckled and leaned over, crashing on the top of its head to the ground. The sounds of the ax faded. The robin whistled and fluttered higher, catching the branch with its wings. The branch froze and froze.

(By L. Tolstoy )

Check yourself.

Juicy chips flew onto the dewy grass, and a slight crackle was heard from the blows. The tree trembled all over, bent and, straightening up quickly , hesitated at its root. For a moment everything was quiet, but again the tree buckled, leaned over, tumbling down to the ground . The sounds of the ax faded. The robin whistled and fluttered higher, catching a branch with wings . Branch , swaying, froze.

(By L. Tolstoy )

Explain punctuation marks.

A boy of six years old came out onto the porch. Without taking his enchanted eyes off Dick [the dog], he briskly ran off the porch and found himself near the recoiling huge dog. The boy's thin little hand dug into the thick brown wool, began to stir it up, and the forester called out a warning to the dog, ordering him to sit down. But Dick lost himself in amazement and resentment. Only his upper lip lifted up, wrinkling and exposing strong fangs.

Explain punctuation marks.

Laughing joyfully and loudly, the boy tightly clasped the dog's neck with both hands. Shaking his head dazedly, freeing himself from an unwelcome caress, Dick, with a suppressed grunt, ran off to the side. He sat down, sticking out his tongue, and, embarrassed, shook his head, freeing himself from an unfamiliar smell, desiring sneeze. Fleeing from the uninvited guest, who again rushed to him, Dick reached the fence in two jumps, jumped over it and disappeared into the bushes.

(By P. Proskurin)

1) Arrange punctuation marks, graphically highlight the adverbial and participial phrases (sign over them: adverb or adverb)

1. Having rested from the evil chase, feeling their homeland, the Don horses already drink the Arpchai stream.
2. An eagle from a distant rising peak soars motionless with me on a par.
3. I sat down in a chair and, while relaxing, watched how he fell silent as he went out.
4. The clerk sitting there gave one of the soldiers paper soaked in tobacco smoke.
5. The house surrounded by an old garden looked like a country palace.
6. The low-hanging sun was crushed in the foliage of trees.
7. The city shrouded in mist makes a quiet noise.
8. He worked tirelessly.
2) Choose the correct answer - a grammatically correct sentence with a participial phrase:
1. Seeing me ....
2.it was fun.
3.my friend smiled.
4. the walls of the houses seemed familiar to me.

1) Write down the sentences. Mark the boundaries of participial revolutions, underline them as definitions. Specify the defined words. Pattern: Cloud x,

hanging over the tops of the poplars / was already pouring rain. - // the participial turnover is highlighted, x is the main word.

1. The park descended to the river, overgrown with green reeds. 2. The thick fog that descended on the sea broke for a few minutes. 3. Large electric bulbs hanging from the ceiling in the center of the long hall went out one by one. 4. Not large bright eyes, burning with an alarming fire, were serious.

2) Change two_three sentences so that the participial phrase comes before the word being defined. Do I need to put a comma in this case?

Sample: / Hanging over the tops of poplars / cloud x was already pouring rain. - // the participial turnover is highlighted, x is the main word.

Insert the missing letters. Break out the commas. Underline the definition expressed by the participial phrase.

I know Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin as a person in love ... with every flower, every bush, every tree .. in our Russian forest and field rivers .. vniny.

Task number 4
Make 5 sentences with participles or participles.

1) Find the definition of participial turnover.

a) two or more participles in a sentence,
b) participle with dependent words,
c) participle with a defined word.
2) What is the participial turnover in the sentence?
a) subject, b) definition, c) addition.
3) Find a sentence in which the participial turnover is not separated by commas:
a) I listened to the murmur of water flowing in the banks overgrown with sedge.
b) Suddenly I noticed two birds flying straight towards the waterfall.
c) The detachment was built on the edge of the forest approaching the school site.
d) Surrounded by a gray mist, the birds went astray.
a) The conversation started, interrupted too early, was not resumed.
b) In some places, ice floes sparkling in the sun swayed smoothly on the waves.
c) From the recently awakened valleys, fragrant freshness blew.
d) A small wooden house, painted with pink paint, stood in the middle of the garden.
a) Two scouts / paving the way for the infantry / went to the nearest approaches to the Vistula.
b) Volodya caught with a spoon / a steaming potato /.
c) The sky was all in the stars / radiating even quiet light/.
d) / Strawberries covered from above / with needles are difficult to notice at first glance.
a) Alexey lies on a striped mattress stuffed with straw.
b) As an old friend, who found the pilot in the forest, Sanka walked solidly behind the stretcher.
c) Fedka looks greedily at the pieces of sugar whitening on the table, and noisily sucks in his saliva.
d) Grandfather looked at the shore, flooded with sun and poorly bordered by rare bushes.
a) Motherland! I see her vast fields rippling with harvest.
b) The country that gave birth to us is vast and diverse, rivers are inexhaustible and full-flowing, mountains are high.
c) The sultry steppes are wide, the Siberian taiga is impassable, stretching out over the ocean, the cities scattered in our country are crowded.
d) Many languages ​​are spoken by the people who inhabited this majestic country, spacious blue distances, calls and wonderful songs of the people living in it.
Behind their house was quite big garden(1) ending in a grove (2) long abandoned (3) and heavily overgrown.
a) 1, b) 1.2, c) 2.3 d) 1.3.
Test "participial turnover".
Option number 2.
1) Indicate the correct condition for the separation of participial turnover:
a) comes before the word being defined
b) comes after the word being defined,
c) always, regardless of the place in the sentence.
2) What is in the sentence short communion?
a) subject, b) definition, c) predicate.
3) Find a sentence in which the participial turnover is separated by commas:
a) Through the eyes of my father, I saw the majestic world unfolding before me native nature.
b) In the withered grass, yellowed from rain and wind, a fox carefully made its way.
c) The heavy door of the yurt upholstered with horseskin lifted up in the wall.
d) The smoke that corrodes eyes and nostrils still stood above those uprooted from the ground deciduous trees.
4) Find a sentence with a punctuation error.
A) human life can be compared with a stream, originating in the bowels of the earth.
b) A flock of guys stood at the fence, knocked together from signs.
c) A tall geologist walked in front in a sun-bleached suit.
d) Once the shepherds noticed crows slowly circling over the ravine.
5) Indicate in which sentences the boundaries of participle turnover are incorrectly indicated (punctuation marks are not placed):
a) Ivan suggested climbing a clay mound / overgrown with bushes / and looking at the river.
b) /Brightly blazing sparks/ looked like big stars.
c) Occasionally, night rustles / sounds muffled by the forest / were heard.
d) The instinct / developed in him during the days of forest life / alarmed him.
6) Indicate the sentences in which punctuation marks are correctly placed:
a) The plane was standing behind the forest on the ice of a forest lake, melted from the edges, but still strong.
b) The light reflected by the snow blinded Alexei.
c) Near the stretcher, he saw a restrained smiling face of the commander.
d) The forest, having finally shaken off the remnants of the night darkness, stood up in all its grandeur.
7) Indicate sentences with a punctuation error:
a) They say that there is no tastier than our bread, especially Moscow pastries just brought from bakeries.
b) Tasty hot pastries breathing unique flavors.
c) Here are different rolls, sprinkled with poppy seeds, challah, rye bread, bagels, snapped up instantly.
d) The road turned to the right, and a path leading into the distance appeared to the left.
8) Indicate the numbers in place of which you need to put commas.
The sun was bright and high above the bay (1) playing with (2) standing ships and (3) moving sails.
a) 1, b) 1.2, c) 2.3 d) 1.3.