Monument to Sherlock Holmes and Watson. Monument to Sherlock Holmes - the most famous Londoner
Monument to Sherlock Holmes in London (London, United Kingdom) - description, history, location, reviews, photos and video.
- Hot tours to the UK
- Tours for the New Year Worldwide
Monuments to literary characters are not uncommon. In the Moscow courtyard at the Patriarch's Ponds, for example, Behemoth and Koroviev are waiting for guests, Elista for some reason was chosen by Ostap Bender, Dr. Aibolit settled in Anapa. It is easy to guess which book hero's statue was installed in September 1999 in the center of London - of course, this is the great detective Sherlock Holmes.
Subway passengers ascending from Baker Street station towards Marylebone Road are greeted by a three-meter gray figure in a long cloak with a cape and the classic English "deer hunter hat" worn by Vasily Livanov in the brilliant film adaptation of Conan Doyle's stories. In his right hand, the criminalist holds a pipe, his eyes are closed, his thin face is thoughtful. Holmes is clearly solving one of his famous puzzles in his mind. Sculptor John Doubleday managed to embody in bronze a vivid image of a crime fighter known throughout the world.
From the statue is a stone's throw from the Sherlock Holmes Museum. All you have to do is turn right, walk a short distance to the intersection with Baker Street, turn right again and walk slowly for three minutes to 221 b.
Practical information
Address: London, Marylebone Rd, 4.
How to get there: Take the subway to Baker Street Station.
Five Soviet films directed by Igor Maslennikov about Sherlock Holmes, filmed in 1979-1986, deserved love and recognition not only in Russia, but also in England itself. In 2006, Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain ordered Vasily Livanov to be awarded the title of Commander of the Order of the British Empire for "the most reliable Holmes in world cinema."
There are many monuments to Sherlock Holmes - in Switzerland, Japan, Scotland and, of course, on Baker Street in London. Memorial plaques mark iconic places associated with Watson, such as in Afghanistan, where a fictional character was shot in the arm. Memorial plaques hang in the Criterion bar on Piccadilly, in the chemical laboratory of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, where the heroes first met, in the vicinity of the Swiss waterfall in Reichenbach. Since 1990, the address 221B finally appeared on Baker Street, which did not previously exist, which did not interfere with the author's fans for more than a hundred years. deductive method send countless letters to him. Now a museum-apartment has been opened at this address, and the British government has declared the house an architectural monument.
In Russia, the famous pair of Conan Doyle characters has always been the epitome of impeccable, exemplary English style. Their main features - a bright mind, elegant humor, self-irony, aristocracy, incorruptibility, ideal style - formed the reference image of a British gentleman. Historically Russian-English friendship the best way It was formed precisely thanks to mutual cultural interest, and the monument to Watson and Holmes at the British Embassy in Moscow is a symbol of dialogue between the two countries.
Anglo-Russian history
Mutual understanding between Russians and the British over the centuries has been promoted not only literary images and cultural associations, but also the closeness of views on some problems of world politics. Despite the fact that Russia and England often found themselves on opposite sides of the front, their military and state interests often coincided, and as a result, they repeatedly became political and economic allies. Since 1698, when Peter I visited the British Isles, new era diplomatic and trade relations between the two countries. After the trade agreement of 1736, England and Russia fought together in the Seven Years' War. The cooling under Catherine the Great, who was skeptical about the "American campaign" of George III, was replaced by unity in the fight against French Revolution(both England and Russia sent troops to France, unsuccessfully trying to restore the fallen monarchy), and then in the war against Napoleon. All this gave rise to a surge of Anglomania in Russian diplomatic circles and a craze for "all things English" in the high society of St. Petersburg.
Sherlock Holmes entered the Guinness Book of Records as the most popular movie character in the world. More than a hundred films have been made about him. The first was taken by Arthur Marvin in 1900 in America. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, a Scotsman, ship's physician and versatile writer, created the Sherlock Holmes epic from 1887 to 1926. This upset him close attention public to such a frivolous hero. The murder of Sherlock in a fight with Professor Moriarty at the Reichenbach Falls caused an uproar. According to legend, having received a letter from Queen Victoria, the writer succumbed to persuasion and again revived the hero.
But in early XIX centuries, mutual sympathy was replaced by suspicion again. As soon as Alexander I returned from Europe, where he was honored as the winner of Napoleon, a Russophobic wave broke out in London due to the Russian suppression of the Polish uprising of 1830-31. The famous English call in the Crimean War "We will not give Constantinople to the Russians!" speaks of a gigantic disagreement in the "Eastern question", which in those years became a stumbling block for all of Europe. It seemed that for the British, Russia was becoming a principled adversary. But only a few years have passed, and the common enemy in the face Ottoman Empire, as well as a tour of the Russian Imperial Ballet in London, reconciled the two powers and dispelled the myth of a ruthless barbarian from the East threatening Europe. And the big tour of Nicholas II with his wife Alexandra Feodorovna in Europe in 1896 ended with a visit to Queen Victoria - Alexandra's grandmother. As a result, under the Anglo-Russian agreements of 1907, the powers became allies as part of the Entente military-political bloc, which united them during the First World War.
The aggression of the Hitlerite coalition made the anti-communist Churchill prefer Stalin to Hitler. And in 1945, the Potsdam Conference of the "Big Three" with Harry Truman, Joseph Stalin and Winston Churchill determined the fate of Europe for many years to come.
Russia and Britain are still the most important players and potential partners on the world stage. Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson, located opposite the British Embassy, are witnesses to this.
What to do at the monument
1. To make an important decision or find a way out of difficult situation, you need to sit between two detectives and hold on to notebook Watson. You can't touch Sherlock Holmes' smoking pipe - according to the Moscow tradition, this promises nothing but trouble.
2. You can walk along the embassy building and appreciate the intellectual minimalism of the architectural project created under the direction of Richard Burton. The main idea of the monument is the closeness of English and Russian cultures, expressed, for example, in the combination of traditional stone and wood with ecological materials used by British designers in the process of creating interiors. On grand opening building May 17, 2000 was attended by Princess Anne of Great Britain. Of the new building, former British Prime Minister Tony Blair said: “It will not only be a British window into Eastern Europe, but also a Russian window to Britain.”
Englishmen in Russia and about Russia
Until the 16th century, England knew nothing about the Moscow principality - instead of it, geographical maps Europe stretched boundless Tataria. In August 1553, in the bay of St. Nicholas, to the walls of the Nikolo-Korelsky Monastery (subsequently, the city of Severodvinsk was founded in its place), the only ship that survived from the English expedition, sent to the Arctic Ocean by King Edward VI, landed. So the British first entered the Russian coast. The captain of the ship Chancellor, brought to Moscow, had a letter from Edward VI in several languages, in which the English monarch asked for permission to trade. Ivan IV found the offer mutually beneficial and gave the go-ahead. The first trading English "Moscow Company", founded in 1555, had huge privileges, curtailed only under Peter I. For the British, John granted in Kitai-Gorod, next to the Kremlin, chambers, on the territory of which only English laws were in force.
The memoirs of the English pioneer Chancellor have been preserved, where he describes the luxury of dinners, a red brick castle with nine churches, where the tsar lives: “Moscow itself is a great city. It seems to me that it will be bigger than London with a settlement, but at the same time it is very wild and stands without any order ... There are no such people, accustomed to a harsh life, anywhere else under the sun, because they are not afraid of any cold. In his notes, the Englishman also pays great attention to the size of the Russian army that struck him.
Ivan the Terrible, having kept his guests for about a year, was imbued with sympathy for England and sent the expedition home with rich gifts and assurances of friendship. A few years later, he caught fire not only with the idea of an alliance with a powerful maritime state, but also with love for Elizabeth I. In the process of sophisticated diplomatic negotiations related to matchmaking, England achieved a de facto trade monopoly with Russia at sea, and Elizabeth, having heard about polygamy and waywardness of the Russian monarch, nevertheless eluded moving to the Kremlin.
Russian Anglophiles and Dandies
In the XIX century, Anglomania swept the capitals of Europe, including St. Petersburg and Moscow. From about the 1840s it became fashionable not only to read Walter Scott and Dickens, but also to travel to the British Isles without any business purpose. Upon their return, Counts Pyotr Shuvalov, Mikhail Vorontsov, and the princes Golitsyn laid out regular English parks, lined their estates with colonial British artifacts, and gathered English important people in their salons. After the Nemetskaya Sloboda in Moscow burned down in 1812, Anglican services were held in the house of the famous Anglophile Anna Golitsyna on Tverskaya. In those same years, the youth of the nobility, following Pushkin, loved to surprise secular society, imitating the English dandies Byron and Brummel, and some eccentrics, returning from fashionable London dressed up in extravagant tailcoats and starched ties, turned off their over the knee boots and allowed a special English accent in their speech, portraying from themselves as foreigners, as M. Pylyaev mentions in the book about the Russian aristocracy "Remarkable eccentrics and originals."
Englishmen in Moscow
The first Englishmen, merchants of the Moscow Company, began to settle in Moscow since the time of Ivan the Terrible. Under Alexei Mikhailovich, they settled in the German settlement. Since the Petrine era, a British subject in Russian Empire was no longer uncommon. important event XIX century was the construction in Moscow of the Anglican Cathedral of St. Andrew (1878) in Voznesensky Lane. Already in our time, since the 1990s, Moscow for the British has again become one of the centers of attraction in Eastern Europe. They are brought here by business, art and private life. At the beginning of the 1910s, about 25,000 Britons live in Moscow, of which about 1,000 are students.
As one anecdote says: in the UK, the last power plant was closed, now all the energy in the country is generated by the writer Arthur Conan Doyle, who is constantly turning in his grave because of the constant appeal of our contemporaries to his most famous creation - a series of stories about the adventures of the private detective Sherlock Holmes. For 40 years of work on the cycle, the writer created 56 stories and 4 stories about his adventures. In every joke there is some truth, and it is unlikely that there will be at least one literary hero who would be as famous as the London detective. Not without reason, he entered the Guinness Book of Records as the most filmed literary character. What Mr. Holmes was not in numerous films, serials, performances, radio shows! But, of course, the most interesting thing is to find out how his compatriots and countrymen see Sherlock Holmes.
On September 24, 1999, the first and so far the only monument to Sherlock Holmes in the British capital was opened in London. To guess where the monument stands does not require a virtuoso mastery of the deductive method. Of course, on Baker Street, right next to the subway station of the same name (by the way, it is not clear why Sherlock Holmes and his friend Dr. Watson never traveled by subway: the station was opened in 1863, and the events described in the works of Conan Doyle unfold in the 1990s, so instead of taking a cab, the detectives could easily use this mode of transport, although then there would be no spectacular chases through the narrow streets of London).
The English sculptor John Doubleday depicted the hero Conan Doyle as a middle-aged man, peering thoughtfully into the distance, with a pipe in his hand, wearing a cape and a hunting cap with two visors. It is unlikely that a real London detective of the 19th century could wear such a suit: both the cloak and the headdress could rather be found in the countryside, in the city he would have attracted too much attention. But this is exactly how Sherlock was dressed by the artist Sydney Paget, who worked for the Strand Magazine, which has published stories by Conan Doyle since 1891. Paget's illustrations have become classics and are recognized as the best. And so the familiar image was established.
The famous apartment of Sherlock Holmes at 221b Baker Street is also a fictional place. In Conan Doyle's day, there were only 100 houses on the street. Researchers of the writer's work suggest that houses 19 - 35 could be the prototype of the detective's dwelling, especially since house number 32 is just opposite, from where Colonel Moran tried to shoot Sherlock. Opened in 1990, the museum - the detective's apartment is located in house number 239, and the number 221b flaunting on its door is nothing more than the name of the company that owns the museum.
In addition to London, several other places in the world can boast that there is a monument there. famous detective. These are Swiss Meiringen (a town in the vicinity of the Reichenbach Falls), the Japanese city of Karuizawa (the first translator of Sherlock Holmes stories Nobuharo Ken lived there), Scottish Edinburgh - the birthplace of Conan Doyle - and Moscow. IN Russian capital Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson (this is the first monument where the detective is not depicted alone) settled down at the English embassy, and Andrey Petrov created the sculpture.
The features of the Russian Holmes and Watson are easily guessed by the actors Vasily Livanov and Vitaly Solomin, who played the characters of Conan Doyle in Igor Maslennikov's favorite film from childhood. The series was filmed in Riga for 7 years! It is not surprising that the inhabitants of the Latvian capital began to consider Sherlock Holmes their countryman and every year on January 4 they celebrate his birthday.
Svetlana Verkhovskaya
sculptural compositions. Monuments to literary and film heroes. Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson.
Sherlock Holmes- a literary character created by talent English writer Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930). His works, dedicated to the adventures of Sherlock Holmes, the famous London private detective, are rightfully considered classics of the detective genre.
“Listen, Watson… What is your strange name- Doctor?..
Societies of admirers of the deductive method of Holmes spread throughout the world. This detective, according to the Guinness Book of Records, is the most popular movie character in the world. In the last century, people even wrote letters to Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson, believing them to be real people.
In March 1990 in London at 221-b Baker Street - at the address associated with the name of the great detective Sherlock Holmes Museum. The house built in 1815 was declared an architectural and historical monument by the British government.
There are many memorable signs associated with the name of Holmes in the world. Plaques adorn the Criterion Bar in Piccadilly, where Watson first learned of Holmes; the chemical laboratory of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, where they first met; the vicinity of the Reichenbach Falls (Switzerland) and Maiwand (Afghanistan), where Watson received his mysterious wound.
And there are five monuments to Sherlock Holmes.
His first statue appeared in 1988 in Meiringen (Switzerland), the next one was opened in Karuizawa (Japan). In 1991, a bronze Holmes was installed in Picardy Place, Edinburgh (where Conan Doyle was born).
In London, a monument to the world's most famous detective and detective Sherlock Holmes was unveiled September 24, 1999 at the Baker Street tube station. Holmes appeared pensively looking into the distance, dressed for rainy London weather - in a long raincoat, a hat with a small brim and with a pipe in his right hand. The author of the three-meter bronze monument famous English sculptor John Doubleday.
In April 2007, a monument to the great detective by Andrey Orlov was unveiled on Smolenskaya Embankment in Moscow, near the British Embassy. It was the first monument where Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson are depicted together. The faces of the actors Vasily Livanov and Vitaly Solomin, who once played the roles of these heroes of Conan Doyle, are guessed in the sculptures.
1. UK (England). London. Baker Street. Monument to Sherlock Holmes.
Monument to Sherlock Holmes unveiled on Baker Street in London
Monument to Sherlock Holmes in London
2. Switzerland. Meiringen.
Societies of admirers of the deductive method of Holmes spread throughout the world. This detective, according to the Guinness Book of Records, is the most popular movie character in the world. In the last century, people even wrote letters to Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson, believing them to be real individuals.
Sherlock Holmes. Statue in Meiringen, Switzerland. Sculptor John Doubleday
In March 1990, in London at 221-b Baker Street - at an address associated with the name of the great detective and detective - a permanent museum-apartment of Sherlock Holmes was opened. The house built in 1815 was declared an architectural and historical monument by the British government.
There are many memorable signs associated with the name of Holmes in the world. Plaques adorn the Criterion Bar in Piccadilly, where Watson first learned of Holmes; the chemical laboratory of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, where they first met; the vicinity of the Reichenbach Falls (Switzerland) and Maiwand (Afghanistan), where Watson received his mysterious wound.
in Edinburgh
And there are no less monuments to Sherlock Holmes. His first statue appeared in 1988 in Meiringen (Switzerland), the next one was opened in Karuizawa (Japan). In 1991, a bronze Holmes was installed in Picardy Place, Edinburgh (where Conan Doyle was born).
In London, a monument to the world's most famous detective and detective Sherlock Holmes was unveiled on September 24, 1999 at the Baker Street tube station. Holmes appeared pensively looking into the distance, dressed for rainy London weather - in a long raincoat, a hat with a small brim and with a pipe in his right hand. The famous English sculptor John Doubleday became the author of the three-meter bronze monument.
In April 2007, a monument to the great detective by Andrey Orlov was unveiled on Smolenskaya Embankment in Moscow, near the British Embassy. It was the first monument where Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson are depicted together. The faces of the actors Vasily Livanov and Vitaly Solomin, who once played the roles of these heroes of Conan Doyle, are guessed in the sculptures.
monument in Moscow
Sherlock Holmes is a literary character created by Arthur Conan Doyle. His works, dedicated to the adventures of Sherlock Holmes, the famous London private detective, are considered classics of the detective genre. The prototype of Holmes is considered to be Dr. Joseph Bell, a colleague of Doyle, with whom they worked together at the Edinburgh Royal Hospital.
Arthur Conan Doyle himself in his works never reported the date of birth of Sherlock Holmes. Presumably, the year of his birth is 1854. Conan Doyle's fans made attempts to establish a more accurate date of birth for Sherlock Holmes. In particular, the date of January 6 was suggested.
In the same place, Holmes mentions that his grandmother was the sister of the French battle painter Horace Vernet (1789-1863). In a number of works, Sherlock Holmes' brother, Mycroft Holmes, who is seven years older than him and works in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, acts. Also mentioned in The Norwood Contractor is the young doctor Werner, a distant relative of Holmes, who bought Watson's doctoral practice in Kensington. There is no mention of other relatives of Holmes.
Key dates in the life of Sherlock Holmes are as follows:
In 1881, Holmes met Dr. John Watson (if we take Holmes's date of birth as 1854, then at that moment he is about 27 years old). He, apparently, is not rich, as he is looking for a companion to rent an apartment together. At the same time, she and Watson move to 221-b Baker Street, where they jointly rent an apartment from Mrs. Hudson. In the story "Gloria Scott" we learn something about Holmes' past, about what inspired him to become a detective: the father of a fellow student of Holmes was delighted with his deductive abilities.
In 1888, Watson marries and moves out of an apartment on Baker Street. Holmes continues to rent an apartment from Mrs. Hudson already alone.
In 1891, the action of the story "The Last Case of Holmes" unfolds. After a fight with Professor Moriarty, Holmes goes missing. Watson (and with him almost the entire English public) is confident in the death of Holmes.
Between 1891 and 1894 Holmes was on the run. Having survived in single combat on the edge of a waterfall, on foot and without money, he overcame the Alpine mountains and reached Florence, from where he contacted his brother and received from him cash. After that, Holmes went to Tibet, where he traveled for two years, visited Lhasa and spent several days with the Dalai Lama - apparently, Holmes published his notes about this trip under the name of the Norwegian Sigerson. Then he traveled all over Persia, looked into Mecca (obviously, using acting skills, since according to the laws of Islam, visiting Mecca and Medina by non-believers is excluded) and paid a visit to the caliph in Khartoum (which he presented a report to the British Foreign Secretary). Returning to Europe, Holmes spent several months in the south of France, in Montpellier, where he studied substances obtained from coal tar.
In 1894, Holmes suddenly appears in London. After the liquidation of the remnants of the Moriarty criminal group, Holmes again settles on Baker Street. Dr. Watson also moves there.
In 1904, Holmes retires and leaves London for Sussex, where he breeds bees.
By 1914, the last described case of Holmes (the story "His farewell bow") dates back. Holmes is about 60 years old here (“He could have been given sixty years old”). ABOUT future fate Sherlock Holmes is mentioned several times by Arthur Conan Doyle. From the story "The Devil's Leg" it follows that Dr. Watson received a telegram from Holmes with a proposal to write about the "Cornish Horror" in 1917, therefore, both friends endured the First World War safely, although they live separately.
Further, in the story "The Man on All Fours", Watson again indirectly hints at the date of publication of this case for the general public and about the fate of Holmes: Mr. Sherlock Holmes has always been of the opinion that I should publish the amazing facts connected with the Professor Presbury case, in order to at least , to put an end once and for all to the dark rumors that stirred up the university twenty years ago and are still repeated in every way in London scientific circles. For one reason or another, however, I was deprived of such an opportunity for a long time, and true story of this curious incident remained buried at the bottom of the safe, along with many, many records of my friend's adventures. And so we finally got permission to publicize the circumstances of this case, one of the most recent ones that Holmes investigated before leaving the practice .... One Sunday evening, in early September 1903 ...
Watson says "we got", meaning, of course, himself and Holmes; if the actions of the hero of the story, Professor Presbury, shook the scientific community in 1903, and this was “twenty years ago”, then it is not difficult to conclude that both Holmes and Watson are alive and well in 1923.
Sherlock Holmes method
Based on all the facts and evidence, a full picture crimes.
Starting from the received picture of the crime, the only defendant corresponding to it is searched.
In terms of terminology, Holmes rather used the "inductive method" (the general judgment is made on the basis of particulars: cigarette butt-weapon-motive-personality, therefore, Mr. X is a criminal). The deduction, in this case, would look like this: Mr X - only person with a dark past surrounded by the victim, therefore, it was he who committed the crime.
When compiling an idea about the picture of the crime, Holmes uses strict logic, which allows one to restore a single picture from disparate and insignificant details, as if he had seen the incident with his own eyes.
The key points of the method are observation and expert knowledge in many practical and applied fields of science, often related to forensic science. Here, Holmes's specific approach to understanding the world is manifested, purely professional and pragmatic, seeming more than strange people, unfamiliar with the personality of Holmes. Possessing the deepest knowledge in such areas specific to forensic science as soil science or typography, Holmes does not know elementary things. For example, Holmes is not aware of the fact that the Earth revolves around the Sun, because this information is completely useless in his work.
In most cases, Holmes is faced with carefully planned and complexly executed crimes. At the same time, the set of crimes is quite wide - Holmes investigates murders, thefts, extortion, and sometimes he comes across situations that at first glance (or ultimately) have no corpus delicti at all (the incident with the King of Bohemia, the case of Mary Sutherland, the story of a man with split lip, Lord St. Simon case)
Sherlock Holmes prefers to act alone, in one person performing all the functions of the investigation. He is assisted by John Hamish Watson and the staff of Scotland Yard, but this is not of a fundamental nature. Holmes finds evidence and, as an expert, assesses the involvement of the defendants in the crime. Interrogates witnesses. In addition, Holmes often acts directly as an agent of the detective, searching for evidence and defendants, and also participates in the arrest. Holmes is no stranger to various tricks - he uses makeup, wigs, changes his voice. In some cases, he has to resort to full reincarnation, which requires the skill of an actor.
In some cases, a group of London street boys work for Holmes. Basically, Holmes uses them as spies to assist him in investigating cases.
Interesting Facts
The ancestor of such a deductive-detective genre is, contrary to popular belief, not Conan Doyle, but Edgar Poe with his story "Murder in the Rue Morgue". At the same time, Holmes himself spoke very contemptuously about the deductive abilities of Auguste Dupin, the protagonist of "Murder on the Rue Morgue" (the story "A Study in Scarlet").
At the time of the writing of the Sherlock Holmes stories, the house at 221b Baker Street did not exist. When the house appeared, a flood of letters hit this address. One of the rooms of this building is considered the room of the great detective. The firm located at this address even had a position for processing letters to Sherlock Holmes. Subsequently, the address of Baker Street, 221b was officially assigned to the house in which the Sherlock Holmes Museum is located (despite the fact that this had to break the numbering order of the houses on the street).
Conan Doyle considered his stories about Sherlock Holmes to be frivolous, so he decided to "kill" him - a common technique of writers. After the publication of the story "The Last Case of Holmes", a pile of angry letters rained down on the writer. There is an unconfirmed legend about a letter from Queen Victoria Conan Doyle that the death of Sherlock Holmes is just a tricky move by a detective. And the writer had to "revive" the character.
The Soviet five films about Sherlock Holmes (1979-1986), in which the main roles were played by Vasily Livanov and Vitaly Solomin, are recognized as one of the best film productions even by the British, and since February 23, 2006, we can talk about the state level of this recognition - on the website British embassy in Russia there was news with the headline "Vasily Livanov - Commander of the Order of the British Empire."
Sh. Holmes Museum in London
