Interesting facts about the violin there is a legend. Interesting about the violin - the most interesting in blogs

The project of the teacher of additional education Lizneva E.A. MBOU DOD DSHI No. 12 g.o. Samara 2014. Interesting Facts about the violin Violin Where the violin came from It is impossible to establish exactly who invented the violin, but it is known for certain that the best examples of this amazingly beautiful sounding instrument were made in the 17th and 18th centuries. In Italy, there were entire famous families of violin makers. The secrets of making violins were carefully guarded and passed down from generation to generation. The most famous family of violin makers was the Amati family from the Italian city of Cremona. For a long time it was believed that no one else could create violins with such amazing and rare melody and tenderness. But Nicolo Amati had a talented student of Antonio Stradivari, who was called the master of masters without exaggeration. He created a violin somewhat larger and flatter than those that existed before him. But the most important thing is that he managed to bring the sound of the instrument closer to the timbre of the human voice. It is known that Stradivari created over 1000 instruments. Many of them were named after the musicians who played them. Only 540 Stradivarius violins have survived to this day, each of which is highly valued and considered an outstanding work of art. Violin by Antonio Stradivari The history of music knows many famous violinists. The unsurpassed violinist of all time was Nicolo Paganini, who lived in the first half of the 19th century. IN symphony orchestra more than a third of the musicians are violinists. This is explained by the fact that the violin occupies a leading place in the orchestra due to the beauty and expressiveness of sound. Interesting facts about the violin There is a legend that Leonardo da Vinci ordered that all the time while Gioconda was posing in his studio, there was music performed by strings. Her smile was a reflection of the music playing. In many countries, the clergy took up arms against good violinists - even in quiet Norway they were considered accomplices of dark forces, Norwegian folk violins were burned like witches. Norwegian Hardingfele Violin Most Expensive Violin The violin, made by renowned Italian luthier Giuseppe Guarneri, was sold in July 2010 at an auction in Chicago for $18 million and is the most expensive musical instrument in the world. The violin was made in 1741 in the 19th century and belonged to the famous violinist Henri Vietan. The smallest violins In 1973, Eric Meissner made a violin with a height of only 4.1 cm. Despite its small size, the violin produces pleasant sounds. David Edwards, who once played violin in the Scottish National Orchestra, made a violin 1.5 centimeters high, the smallest in the world. Violins sometimes serve as a kind of canvas for artists. Julia Borden has been painting violins and cellos for several years. Before painting the violin, the artist needs to remove the strings and prepare the surface for drawing. Amazing, whimsical, bright creations by Julia Borden are unique and attract the eyes of the audience. Swedish sculptor Lars Wiedenfalk designed the Blackbird violin from stone. It is made according to the drawings of Stradivarius, and black diabase served as the material. The violin sounds no worse than many wooden ones and weighs only 2 kg, since the thickness of the stone walls of the resonator box is no more than 2.5 mm. It is worth noting that the "Blackbird" is not the only such instrument in the world - the marble violins are made by the Czech Jan Roerich. Among the works of Mozart there is an unusual duet for two violins. The musicians should stand facing each other and put the page with the notes between them. Each violin plays a different part, but both parts are recorded on the same page. The violinists begin to read notes from different ends of the sheet, then meet in the middle and again move away from each other, and in general a beautiful melody is obtained. Einstein loved to play the violin and once took part in charity concert in Germany. Admired by his playing, a local journalist recognized the name of the "artist" and the next day published an article in the newspaper about the performance of the great musician, the incomparable virtuoso violinist, Albert Einstein. He kept this note for himself and proudly showed it to his friends, saying that he was in fact a famous violinist, and not a scientist. On January 12, 2007, one of the best violinists, American Joshua Bell, agreed to take part in the experiment - in the morning for 45 minutes he played in the lobby of a subway station under the guise of an ordinary street musician. Out of a thousand people who passed by, only seven became interested in music. Music by N. Paganini (Spanish: Leonid Kogan) Sonata No. 1 for violin and guitar in A major, Op. 2 No. 1: Minuet. Adagio The presentation used materials from Wikipedia, sites en.wikipedia.org missjacobsonsmusic.blogspot.ru ru.wikipedia.org www.washingtonpost.com www.terra-2.ru www.rate1.com www.kulturologia.ru http://samoe -samaya.ru http://sitefaktov.ru

Of course, everyone knows the violin. The most refined and refined among string instruments the violin is a way of conveying the emotions of a skilled performer to the listener. Being somewhere gloomy, unrestrained and even rude, she remains tender and vulnerable, beautiful and sensual.

We have prepared some fascinating facts about this magical musical instrument. You will learn how the violin works, how many strings it has, and what works composers compose for the violin.

How is a violin made?

Its structure is simple: body, neck and strings. Tool accessories are very different in their purpose and degree of importance. For example, one should not lose sight of the bow, thanks to which the sound is extracted from the strings, or the chin rest and bridge, which allow the performer to arrange the instrument most comfortably on the left shoulder.

And there are also accessories like a typewriter, which allows the violinist to correct the system that has changed for any reason without losing time, in contrast to the use of string holders - tuning pegs, which are much more difficult to work with.

There are only four strings themselves, always tuned to the same notes - Mi, La, Re and Sol. violins? From different materials- they can be veined, and silk and metal.

The first string on the right is tuned to "Mi" of the second octave and is the thinnest of all the strings presented. The second string together with the third "personalize" the notes "La" and "Re", respectively. They are medium, almost the same thickness. Both notes are in the first octave. The last, thickest and bass is the fourth string, tuned to the note "Sol" of a small octave.

Each string has its own timbre - from piercing ("Mi") to thick ("Sol"). This allows the violinist to convey emotions so skillfully. Also, the sound depends on the bow - the cane itself and the hair stretched over it.

What are violins?

The answer to this question can be confusing and varied, but we will answer quite simply: there are the most familiar wooden violins for us - the so-called acoustic ones, and there are also electric violins. The latter are powered by electricity, and their sound is heard thanks to the so-called "column" with an amplifier - combo. Undoubtedly, these instruments are arranged differently, although they may look the same outwardly. The technique of playing the acoustic and electronic violin is not significantly different, but you have to get used to the analog electronic instrument in its own way.

What works are written for violin?

The works are a separate topic for reflection, because the violin perfectly manifests itself both as a soloist and in. Therefore, for the violin they write solo concerts, sonatas, partitas, caprices and pieces of other genres, as well as parts for various duets, quartets and other ensembles.

The violin can participate in almost all areas of music. Most often on this moment it is included in classical, folklore and rock. You can hear the violin even in children's cartoons and their Japanese anime adaptations. All this only contributes to the growth of the popularity of the instrument and only confirms that the violin will never disappear.

Notable violin makers

Also, do not forget about the masters of violins. Perhaps the most famous can be called Antonio Stradivari. All his instruments are very expensive, they were valued in the past. Stradivarius violins are the most famous. During his lifetime, he made more than 1,000 violins, but at the moment, from 150 to 600 instruments have survived - the information in various sources is sometimes striking in its diversity.

Among other surnames associated with the skill of making violins, the Amati family can be mentioned. Different generations of this large Italian family improved stringed musical instruments, including improving the structure of the violin, achieving a strong and expressive sound from it.

Famous violinists: who are they?

The violin was once folk instrument, but over time, the technique of playing it became complex and individual virtuoso craftsmen began to stand out from the people's environment, who delighted the public with their art. From the time of musical renaissance Italy is famous for its violinists. It is enough to name just a few names - Vivaldi, Corelli, Tartini. Niccolò Paganini was also from Italy, whose name is shrouded in legends and mysteries.

Among the violinists, immigrants from Russia, there are such great names as J. Kheifets, D. Oistrakh, L. Kogan. The modern listener knows the names of the current stars in this area. performing arts- these are, for example, V. Spivakov and Vanessa-Mae.

It is believed that in order to start learning to play this instrument, you must have at least good, strong nerves and patience that will help you overcome five to seven years of study. Of course, such a business cannot do without breakdowns and failures, however, as a rule, even they are only beneficial. The time of study will be hard, but the result is worth the pain.

The material devoted to the violin cannot be left without music. Listen famous music Saint-Saens. You've probably heard it before, but do you know what it is?

C. Saint-Saens Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso

Interesting Violin Facts
(Anna Blagaya)

God or devil?

Legends about violinists who allegedly sold their souls to the devil are known to everyone: let us recall, for example, Niccolo Paganini.

In many countries, the clergy took up arms against good violinists - even in quiet Norway they were considered accomplices dark forces, ANorwegian folk violinsburned like witches.
But not everyone knows that there were directly opposite stories!

If we look into a more ancient "layer" of time, we find that with bowed instruments, related to the violin, were actually originally depicted on the frescoes of temples and in manuscript Bibles angels , and in one old manuscript Christ was called not by anyone, but"beloved violinist".

Such things were hushed up later, and the frescoes were destroyed, but on the fresco of St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, you can still see a musician playing a bowed instrument.

Why Mona Lisa smiled

Leonardo ordered that all the time while Gioconda was posing in his studio, there was music performed by strings. The smile of the model was a reflection of the sound of the music; apparently, therefore, it is considered either the smile of an angel, or the smile of the devil. (See above: God or Devil?)
In general, the artist, apparently, did not accidentally conduct this experiment with music. After all, he wanted to achieve in his picture a synthesis, a unity of opposites (see about thisnear Chicherinin a book about Mozart). And the violin has just such a property. Auer quoted Berlioz as saying that “The violin is capable of many apparently opposite shades of expression. It has strength, lightness and grace, conveys a gloomy and joyful mood, thought and passion. You just have to be able to get her to talk.”

Violins and Venetian gondolas

There is a beautiful episode in the film "Stradivari" (with Anthony Quinn): a gondola gliding in the rays of the setting sun, on the stern of which a violinist was playing, so impressed the imagination of the young Antonio Stradivari that he threw himself into the water, tagged along with the violinist and eventually became a violin maker .

The violin and the gondola really do have something in common. Moreover, this connection is not only aesthetic, it also manifests itself at the most “organic” level.

The violins of the legendary Cremonese school use the same sycamore (wavy maple) from Dalmatia and Bosnia, which was used for the oars of the Venetian gondolas.

Time Machine

Good violinists, in addition to hearing and dexterity, have some talents that have not yet been explained by science. Including the ability to manage time. (Not only violinists can do this, but all concert performing musicians). V. Grigoriev writes about a curious mechanism that allows you to “travel in time” (let's call it that), when the whole piece in the mind of a musician folds into a certain formula, code, and unfolds already when playing on stage. There were also cases when the "machine" failed. (Which, of course, only proves its existence) There are a number of interesting testimonies about how this or that virtuoso stopped after playing just one note, because time passed for him at a different speed than for the listeners, and the whole work had already completely resounded in his mind.

More interesting point: musicians often look younger than their years. Apparently, here the point is that time flows differently on the stage. But there is also something else. opera bass Matorin likes to repeat Obraztsova’s words that “we, artists, until old age -Masha, Petka, Katka, because about We spend most of our time outside of this world.” (That is, in the creative world - this is a different dimension, where time slows down). Science has yet to explain these things.

Virtuosos are scientists

The word virtuoso was once applied to scientists. Many violinists were not only artists, artists, violin poets, but also scientists and inventors. (One violin work written at that time was called “sonata for inventive violin”).

The word "virtuoso" is now used (if we are talking about music) in only one sense - "technical". Meanwhile, the state of affairs has not changed: in order to play the violin well, including virtuoso music, you still need to have not developed muscles, but a flexible mind and strong intuition.

Interestingly, the opposite is also true: the violin stimulates the brain (what is the scientific explanation). It is not for nothing that many brilliant minds have enjoyed playing this magical instrument in their spare time to prepare their minds for the birth of new ideas. (Cm. -Sherlock Holmes and Einstein violin).

Irina Morozova
Thematic lesson in music "History of a small violin"

« HISTORY OF THE LITTLE VIOLIN»

(Thematic lesson)

Goals and objectives:

Expand horizons, thesarius, develop Creative skills learn to distinguish sounds violins. To develop imagination in children when depicting various characters, to encourage them to search for expressive movements.

Material:

"Pipe and Drum" I. Chukash, "Children's encyclopedia. Music from A to Z» E. Finkelstein, "Mysteries about tools" P. Sinyavsky, violin and bow, video "Manufacture violins» , VCR, sham violin, grasshopper and bee costumes, song « little grasshopper» sl. S. Kozlova, music. M. Sutyagina, phonograms ( "Caprice" N. Paganini, "Winter" from the cycle "Seasons" A. Vivaldi)

Course progress.

Children enter the hall, sit down.

Musical director(M.R.) Solve the riddle.

Smooth bow movements

The strings tremble.

The motive murmurs from afar,

Sings about the moonlit evening.

How clear is the overflow of sounds,

They have joy and smiles.

Sounds like a dreamy tune

Its title...

Children Violin.

M. R. Today we will talk about violin. (Shows violin and bow) Look how beautiful violin. She has a wonderful "figure"- a body with a long graceful neck, which ends with a head with pegs and a curl. (Reviews with children violin) The upper side of the body, it is called the upper soundboard, is made of spruce, and the lower side, the lower soundboard, is made of maple. There are slots on the top deck, they are called efs, as they are made in the form latin letter f. Between the hilts is a stand that supports the strings. If you look into the slots of the efa, then under the right side of the stand you will see small stick connecting both decks. That's what it is "soul" violins, she is called - darling. What are these main parts for? violins?Four strings are held on the pegs: E string, A string, D string and G string. They are called so because they are tuned to these sounds. Turning the pins violinist tuning strings. The strings are stretched over the fretboard. Violinist presses them with the fingers of his left hand - this is how he changes the length of the string, getting either lower or higher sounds. Now you see how complex the structure is violins endowed with a wonderful voice. Violin considered quite young musical instrument , but it took a long time to create it modern form. The bow with which violinist makes the strings sound, was originally an arcuate shape. Exactly like a bow, only the hair was not pulled tight. However, using such a bow was still not very convenient. AND violin craftsmen had to work hard to create it modern design. The reed of the bow is made of the brazilian fernambuco tree. The hair, usually made of white horse hair, is stretched between the head and the stalk of the cane. The length of the bow is 75 cm and the weight is approximately 60 g. The bow must be light in order to musician could easily deal with it. We do not know the name of the first violin maker, but I will tell you the names of famous schools violin makers . The most famous of them developed in northern Italy - in Bresci (Gaspar da Salo and Giovanni Magini, in Cremona (Amati, Stradivari, Guarneri, Bergonzi). Now we will see how they do violin master.

Watching video "Manufacture violins»

M. R. If you draw a bow along the strings, you will immediately hear an unusual sound. Listen!

Soundtrack sounds "CAPRIS" N. Paganini

M. R. Best on violin played by Niccolo Paganini. He lived a very long time. This man had an unusually developed musical hearing and were unusually flexible fingers. He not only played violin but also composed music for your favorite instrument. We have heard it now. In our country, too, there were wonderful violinists are L. Kogan, D. Oistrakh. (Shows portraits violinists) . Ensembles known all over the world violinists"Vivaldi", Moscow Virtuosi. Now I want to invite you to listen to their performance an excerpt from violin concerto A. Vivaldi "Seasons"

Soundtrack sounds "WINTER" A. Vivaldi ( "Seasons").

M. R. Now we will listen to a poem by E. Fireflower « Violin»

Baby green grasshopper

plays on violin,

Butterflies heard

Birds and fish.

Let the first violin

They will give me

Where is the ringing mystery

In every string.

I will study

And next summer

Together with a grasshopper

I'll play a duet.

Song dramatization « LITTLE GRASSHOP» sl. S. Kozlova, music. M. Sutyagina (Appendix No. 2)

M. R. Finally, I want to ask you one more riddle.

Carved in the forest

Smoothly written out

Sings, floods.

What is the name of?

Children Violin.

APPLICATION:

Small the grasshopper slept until noon.

From noon to evening on played the violin.

An important bee flew in, sat down.

The little musician began to listen.

Golden circle of light and heat

Above the green meadow the music floated.

Music sounded and forgetting things

An important bee shook its head.

And a grasshopper the little one played the violin,

As if he handed out happiness to everyone in a handful.

Didn't scream, didn't cry, didn't say a word,

On the green led the violinist with a blade of grass.

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Name: Integrated directly educational activities By musical education V senior group Kindergarten "7 flowers.

Integrated musical lesson Musical director MADOU Children's Garden No. 2 "Firefly" Manuilenko V. V. Educational area:.

History of the small violin. History of the small violin. Task program: To replenish children's knowledge of the violin. (Where did its design come from); continue acquaintance.

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It is considered that the first bowed string instrument invented by the Indian (according to another version - Ceylon) king Ravana, who lived about five thousand years ago. That's probably why distant ancestor the violin was called the ravanastron. It consisted of an empty cylinder made of mulberry wood, one side of which was covered with the skin of a broad-scaled water boa. The strings were made from the intestines of a gazelle, and the bow, curved in an arc, was made from bamboo wood. Ravanastron has been preserved to this day by wandering Buddhist monks.

The violin appeared on the professional stage at the end of the 15th century, and its “inventor” was the Italian from Bologna, Gaspard Duifopruggar. The oldest violin, made by him in 1510 for King Franz I, is kept in the Nidergey Collection in Aachen (Holland). The violin owes its present appearance and, of course, sound to the Italian violin makers Amati, Stradivari and Guarneri. The violins of the master Magini are also highly valued. Their violins, made of well dried and varnished maple and spruce plates, sang more beautifully than the most beautiful voices. The instruments made by these craftsmen are still played by the world's best violinists. Stradivari has designed a violin that is still unsurpassed, having the richest timbre and exceptional "range" - the ability to fill huge halls with sound. It had kinks and irregularities inside the body, thanks to which the sound was enriched due to the appearance of a large number of high overtones.

The violin is the highest-pitched instrument of the bow family. It consists of two main parts - the body and neck, between which four steel strings are stretched. The main advantage of the violin is the melodiousness of the timbre. It can play both lyrical melodies and dazzling fast passages. The violin is the most common solo instrument in the orchestra.

The Italian virtuoso and composer Niccolo Paganini greatly expanded the possibilities of the violin. Subsequently, many other violinists appeared, but no one could surpass him. Remarkable works for the violin were created by Vivaldi, Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Brahms, Tchaikovsky and others.

Oistrakh, or, as he was called, "Tsar David", is considered an outstanding Russian violinist.

There is an instrument that looks very much like a violin, but is slightly larger. This is an alt.

MYSTERY

Carved in the forest, smoothly hewn,

Sings-poured, what's the name?