Vladimir Nabokov short biography. Photo and biography of Nabokov

Brief biography of Nabokov

Vladimir Vladimirovich NABOKOV
(April 22, 1899, St. Petersburg - July 2, 1977, Montreux, Switzerland)
V. Nabokov (until 1940 he published his works under the pseudonym Vladimir Sirin) was born in St. Petersburg in the family of a well-known figure in the Kadet party, a member of the First State Duma V. D. Nabokov. The Nabokov family is aristocratic, very wealthy and well-born, with an English "bias". From childhood, V. Nabokov knew equally fluent Russian, English and French. He studied at the Tenishevsky School.
The first collections of poems by V. Nabokov were published as early as 1916 and 1918. After the revolution, he emigrates with his parents (1919); At first, the family wandered around continental Europe, then V. Nabokov settled in England, studied at Cambridge (graduated in 1922). Returns to the Continent, lives in Germany, in Berlin: in 1937 he emigrates from Nazi Germany
To France, lives in Paris.

A decade and a half - from the mid-20s. and until 1940 Nabokov-Sirin is one of the most significant writers of the Russian Diaspora. Collections of his poems are published, one after another over the years his novels have been published (Mashenka, 1926; King, Queen, Jack, 1928; Luzhin's Defense, 1930; Camera Obscura, 1933; Gift, 1937 ; "Invitation to execution", 1938), a collection of short stories "The Return of Chorba".
In 1940, the German occupation of France forced him to emigrate once again - to the United States of America, where, in addition to
writing, teaching Russian literature at American colleges and universities, and doing entomology at Harvard. Last years spent his life in Switzerland.
After 1940, the Russian writer Vladimir Sirin disappears and the English writer appears. American writer Vladimir Nabokov. He almost never writes in Russian, but his connections with his native literature
and does not interrupt with his native word - both as a teacher and as a researcher of Russian classics of the 10th century; and as a talented and productive
active translator into English of Russian classics (Gogol, Pushkin, Lermontov).
V. Nabokov-Sirin is perhaps the only example in Russian literature of the deep rootedness of an artist in a foreign culture. He became an outstanding master of literature in both Russian and
English incarnations. On English language he writes brought him world fame the novel Lolita (1955), as well as the novels The Life of Sebastian Knight (1941), Hell or Desire (1969) and Pnin (1957). One of the best autobiographical books of the 20th century is his memoirs Other Shores (1954).
A refined artist, a magician of the word, a sophisticated stylist, V. Nabokov was undoubtedly born of high Petersburg artistic culture and developed its traditions abroad.
His appearance is unique among big people Russian literature of our century.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov (also published under the pseudonym Sirin). Born April 10, 1899, St. Petersburg - died July 2, 1977, Montreux. Russian and American writer, poet, translator, literary critic and entomologist.

Vladimir Nabokov was born on April 10 (22), 1899 in St. Petersburg into a wealthy noble family.

Father - Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov (1869-1922), lawyer, famous politician, one of the leaders of the Constitutional Democratic Party (Cadet Party), from the Russian old noble family of the Nabokovs. Mother - Elena Ivanovna (nee Rukavishnikova; 1876-1939), the daughter of the richest gold miner, came from a small estate noble family. In addition to Vladimir, the family had two more brothers and two sisters.

Paternal grandfather, Dmitry Nikolaevich Nabokov, was the Minister of Justice in governments and paternal grandmother Maria Ferdinandovna, Baroness von Korf (1842-1926), daughter of Baron Ferdinand-Nicholas-Victor von Korf (1805-1869), a German Russian general services. Maternal grandfather Ivan Vasilyevich Rukavishnikov (1843-1901), gold miner, philanthropist, maternal grandmother Olga Nikolaevna Rukavishnikova, ur. Kozlova (1845-1901), daughter of the actual Privy Councilor Nikolai Illarionovich Kozlov (1814-1889), a native of merchant family, who became a doctor, biologist, professor and head of the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy and head medical service Russian army.

In everyday life of the Nabokov family, three languages ​​​​were used: Russian, English and French, - thus, future writer spoke three languages early childhood. In his own words, he learned to read English before he could read Russian. The first years of Nabokov's life were spent in comfort and prosperity in the Nabokovs' house on Bolshaya Morskaya in St. Petersburg and in their country estate Vyra (near Gatchina).

He began his education at the Tenishevsky School in St. Petersburg, where Osip Mandelstam had studied shortly before. Literature and entomology become Nabokov's two main hobbies.

In the autumn of 1916, a year before the October Revolution, Vladimir Nabokov received the Rozhdestveno estate and a million-dollar inheritance from Vasily Ivanovich Rukavishnikov, his maternal uncle. In 1916, Nabokov, while still a student at the Tenishevsky School, published the first poetry collection Poems (68 poems written from August 1915 to May 1916) in St. Petersburg under his own name. During this period, he looks like a cheerful young man, impressing with his "charm" and "extraordinary sensitivity" (Z. Shakhovskaya). Nabokov himself never republished the poems from the collection.

October Revolution forced the Nabokovs to move to the Crimea, where the first literary success came to Vladimir - his works were published in the Yalta Voice newspaper and used by theatrical troupes, who fled in large numbers on the southern coast of Crimea from the dangers of revolutionary times.

In January 1918, a collection was published in Petrograd - Andrei Balashov, V.V. Nabokov, "Two Ways", which included 12 poems by Nabokov and 8 poems by his classmate A. N. Balashov. When referring to this book, Nabokov never named his co-author (he was always afraid to let down those who remained in Soviet Russia). The almanac "Two Ways" is the only book by Nabokov in his entire life published in co-authorship.

Living in Yalta, in Livadia, Nabokov met M. Voloshin, who initiated him into the metrical theories of Andrei Bely. In the Crimean album Poems and Diagrams, Nabokov placed his poems and their diagrams (along with chess problems and other notes). Bely's rhythmic theory is followed by a poem written by Nabokov himself in September 1918 - "The Big Dipper", the semi-accent diagram of which repeats the shape of this constellation.

In April 1919, before the capture of the Crimea by the Bolsheviks, the Nabokov family left Russia forever. Some of the family jewels were taken away with them, and with this money the Nabokov family lived in Berlin, while Vladimir was educated at the University of Cambridge (Trinity College), where he continues to write Russian poetry and translate into Russian "Alice in the Country Miracles by Lewis Carroll. At the University of Cambridge, Nabokov founded the Slavic Society, which later degenerated into Russian Society University of Cambridge.

In March 1922, Vladimir Nabokov's father, Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov, was killed. This happened at a lecture by P. N. Milyukov "America and the Restoration of Russia" in the building of the Berlin Philharmonic. V. D. Nabokov tried to neutralize the Black Hundreds who shot at Milyukov, but was shot dead by his partner.

In 1922 Nabokov moved to Berlin; makes a living teaching English. Nabokov's stories are published in Berlin newspapers and publishing houses organized by Russian emigrants.

In 1922 he becomes engaged to Svetlana Sievert; the engagement was broken off by the bride's family in early 1923 because Nabokov could not find permanent job.

In 1925, Nabokov marries Vera Slonim., a Petersburger from a Jewish-Russian family. Their first and only child, Dmitry (1934-2012) did a lot of translations and publishing of his father's works and contributed to the popularization of his work, in particular, in Russia.

Shortly after his marriage, he completed his first novel, Mashenka (1926). After that, until 1937, he created 8 novels in Russian, continuously complicating his author's style and experimenting more and more boldly with form. Published under the pseudonym V. Sirin. Published in the journal Sovremennye Zapiski (Paris). Nabokov's novels, which were not published in Soviet Russia, were successful with Western emigration, and are now considered masterpieces of Russian literature (especially Luzhin's Defense, The Gift, Invitation to Execution (1938)).

In 1936, V. E. Nabokova was fired from her job as a result of the intensification of the anti-Semitic campaign in the country. In 1937, the Nabokovs left for France and settled in Paris, also spending a lot of time in Cannes, Menton and other cities. In May 1940, the Nabokovs flee from Paris from the advancing German troops and move to the United States on the last flight passenger liner"Champlain", chartered by the American Jewish Agency HIAS for the purpose of saving Jewish refugees. In memory of the bold speeches of Nabokov Sr. against the Chisinau pogroms and the Beilis case, his son's family was placed in a luxurious first-class cabin.

In America, from 1940 to 1958, Nabokov made his living by lecturing on Russian and world literature at American universities.

Nabokov wrote his first novel in English (The Real Life of Sebastian Knight) back in Europe, shortly before leaving for the United States.

From 1938 until the end of his days, Nabokov did not write a single novel in Russian (except for his autobiography Other Shores and the author's translation of Lolita into Russian). His first English-language novels, The Real Life of Sebastian Knight and Bend Sinister, despite their artistic merit, were not commercial success. During this period, Nabokov closely converged with E. Wilson and other literary critics, continued to professionally engage in entomology.

Traveling during holidays in the United States, Nabokov is working on the novel Lolita, the theme of which (the story of an adult man who is passionately carried away by a twelve-year-old girl) was unthinkable for his time, as a result of which even the writer had little hope of publishing the novel. However, the novel was published (first in Europe, then in America) and quickly brought its author worldwide fame and financial well-being. Initially, the novel, as described by Nabokov himself, was published by the Olympia Press publishing house, which, as he realized after publication, produced mainly "semi-pornographic" and similar novels.

Nabokov returned to Europe and since 1960 lived in Montreux, Switzerland, where he wrote his last novels, the most famous of which are Pale Fire and Ada (1969).

Nabokov's last unfinished novel, The Original of Laura, was published in English in November 2009. The Azbuka publishing house published its Russian translation in the same year (translated by G. Barabtarlo, edited by A. Babikov).

V. V. Nabokov died on July 2, 1977, he was buried in the cemetery in Clarens, near Montreux, Switzerland.

Nabokov's brothers and sisters:

Sergei Vladimirovich Nabokov (1900-1945) - translator, journalist, died in the Nazi concentration camp Neuengamme.

Olga Vladimirovna Nabokova (1903-1978), Shakhovskaya in her first marriage, Petkevich in her second.

Elena Vladimirovna Nabokova (1906-2000), in the first marriage Scolari, in the second - Sikorskaya. Her correspondence with Vladimir Nabokov has been published.

Kirill Vladimirovich Nabokov (1912-1964) - poet, godson of brother Vladimir.

Beginning in the 1960s, rumors spread about the possible nomination of Vladimir Nabokov for Nobel Prize. Nabokov was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1963 by Robert Adams and in 1964 by Elizabeth Hill.

In 1972, two years after receiving the prestigious prize, he wrote a letter to the Swedish committee recommending that Nabokov be nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Although the nomination did not materialize, Nabokov expressed deep gratitude to Solzhenitsyn for this gesture in a letter sent in 1974 after Solzhenitsyn's expulsion from the USSR. Subsequently, the authors of many publications (in particular, the London Times, The Guardian, New York Times) ranked Nabokov among those writers who were undeservedly not included in the lists of nominees.

Bibliography of Vladimir Nabokov:

Novels by Vladimir Nabokov:

"Mashenka" (1926)
"King, Queen, Jack" (1928)
"Protection of Luzhin" (1930)
"Feat" (1932)
"Camera Obscura" (1932)
"Despair" (1934)
"Invitation to Execution" (1936)
"The Gift" (1938)
The Real Life of Sebastian Knight (1941)
Bend Sinister (1947)
"Lolita" (Eng. Lolita) (1955)
"Pnin" (English Pnin) (1957)
Pale Fire (1962)
Ada or Ardor: A Family Chronicle (1969)
Transparent Things (1972)
"Look at the harlequins!" (English Look at the Harlequins!) (1974)
The Original of Laura (1975-1977, published posthumously in 2009)

The stories of Vladimir Nabokov:

"Spy" (1930)
The Magician (1939, published posthumously in 1986)

Collections of short stories by Vladimir Nabokov:

Return of Chorba (1930)
Spy (1938)
Nine Stories (1947)
Spring in Fialta (1956)
Spring in Fialta
Circle
Wren
heavy smoke
In memory of L. I. Shigaev
Visiting of museum
Kit
Face
Annihilation of tyrants
Vasily Shishkov
Admiralty needle
cloud, lake, tower
mouth to mouth
Ultima Thule
Nabokov's Dozen: A Collection of Thirteen Stories (1958)
Nabokov's Quartet (1966)
Nabokov's Congeries (1968)
A Russian Beauty and Other Stories (1973)
Tyrants Destroyed and Other Stories (1975)
Details of a Sunset and Other Stories (1976)
The Stories of Vladimir Nabokov (1995)
Cloud, Castle, Lake (2005)
Complete Stories (2013)

Drama by Vladimir Nabokov:

"Wanderers" (1921)
"Death" (1923)
"Grandfather" (1923)
Ahasuerus (1923)
"Pole" (1924)
"The Tragedy of Mr. Morn" (1924)
"Man from the USSR" (1927)
"Event" (1938)
"The Invention of the Waltz" (1938)
"Mermaid"
"Lolita" (1974), (screenplay)

Poetry of Vladimir Nabokov:

Poems (1916). Sixty eight poems in Russian.
Almanac: Two Ways (1918). Twelve poems in Russian.
Bunch (1922). Thirty-six poems in Russian (under the pseudonym V. Sirin).
Mountain Path (1923). One hundred twenty-eight poems in Russian (under the pseudonym V. Sirin).
Poems 1929-1951 (1952). Fifteen poems in Russian.
Poems (1959)
Poems and Problems (1969)
Poems (1979). Two hundred and twenty-two poems in Russian.

Criticism of Vladimir Nabokov:

Nikolai Gogol (eng. Nikolai Gogol) (1944)
Notes on Prosody (1963)
Lectures on foreign literature(Eng. Lectures on Literature) (1980)
Lectures on Ulysses (1980)
Lectures on Russian Literature: Chekhov, Dostoyevsky, Gogol, Gorky, Tolstoy, Turgenev (English Lectures on Russian Literature) (1981)
Lectures on Don Quixote (1983)

Autobiography of Vladimir Nabokov:

"Curtain Raiser" (1949)
Conclusive Evidence: A Memoir (1951)
"Other Shores" (1954)
Speak, Memory: An Autobiography Revisited (1967)
“Strong Opinions. Interviews, reviews, letters to editors" (1973)
The Nabokov-Wilson Letters. Letters between Nabokov and Edmund Wilson (1979), second revised edition of Dear Bunny, Dear Volodya: The Nabokov-Wilson Letters, 1940-1971. (2001)
"Correspondence with Sister" (1984)
"Carrousel" (1987)

Translations by Vladimir Nabokov:

Nikolka Peach. (fr. Colas Breugnon) (1922)
"Anna in Wonderland" (Eng. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland) (1923)
"Three Russian Poets. (Selections from Pushkin, Lermontov and Tyutchev in New Translations by Vladimir Nabokov) (1944)
"A Hero of Our Time" (1958)
"The Song of Igor's Campaign. An Epic of the Twelfth Century" (1960)
"Eugene Onegin" (1964)
"Verses and Versions: Three Centuries of Russian Poetry Selected and Translated by Vladimir Nabokov" (2008)

Who is he, this extraordinary writer, whose appearance in literature, as Nina Berberova notes, justified the existence of a whole generation? Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov - prose writer, playwright, poet, translator, literary critic and an entomologist.

Nabokov was born on April 22, 1899, but all his life he marked the date of his birth a day later: he wanted it to coincide with Shakespeare's birthday and death. Born in Russia, but lived there for a short time, in 1919 he emigrated with his family. By this time, however, he managed to graduate from the Tenishev School, one of the most famous in St. Petersburg. educational institutions, famous for high level education and liberalism, managed to publish several poems.

Fluent in several languages ​​since childhood European languages, in the fall of 1919 he entered Cambridge. However, youth ended in one day - March 28, 1922, when in Berlin, at the hands of terrorists, father Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov, one of the leaders of the Cadet Party, the former manager of the Provisional Government, a lawyer, publicist and entomologist, died. It was no longer possible to count on material support from the family, and in a purely domestic sense, life has changed a lot.

Nabokov began to compose crosswords (i.e. crosswords), and before the war he wrote a lot. Everything he created before leaving for America in 1940 will constitute his first collected works. However literary fate It was not easy to develop: only after the publication of "Mashenka", the heroine of which was perceived as a kind of symbol of Russia, they started talking about Nabokov seriously. First of all, those who already had a name spoke first. Thus, Bunin in 1930 said that Nabokov "dared to appear in Russian literature with new forms of art." Critics noted the figurative power of the word, and formal stylistic and psychological finds, and the vigilance of the eye, and the ability to show an unexpected cut of the ordinary, and much, much more, but on the whole the attitude was cool. "Too obvious literature for literature," said Georgy Adamovich, the first critic of the Russian emigration. "Very talented, but no one knows why..." V. Varshavsky echoed him.

This perception of contemporary readers is largely understandable and explainable: brought up on the traditions of Russian classical literature, they only vaguely realized that in front of them new literature with a new attitude towards the world and man. The writer was accused of aestheticism and literariness, not realizing that his aesthetic credo fundamentally different from everything on which great Russian literature grew up and fed. The thing is that Nabokov denied the attitude to the work of verbal art as a "mirror of life", he recognized the creative connection between literature and reality, believing that great works of art are "new worlds".

For Nabokov, the meaning of literature, art, consisted in the refusal of man to accept the reality of the chaos of life. One of the researchers of the writer's work notes that "Nabokov was obsessed with creativity, perhaps more valuable to him than life itself, which is metaphorically reflected in all of his novels." Russian reader, brought up on a different cultural tradition, sometimes stopped by his coldness, a certain distance in relation to the characters, ironic, sometimes even satirical and playful beginning in his prose. Nabokov turned out to be closer to the Western reader. Perhaps that is why, after fleeing Europe in 1940, he began to write in English, and many began to perceive him as an American writer.

The debate about whether the writer belongs to Russia or the world ended in nothing, because literally a decade ago a real Nabokov boom broke out in Russia, and it turned out that the Russian reader was quite ready to perceive the work of this unusual author. And even the infamous "Lolita", which tells about the love of a 40-year-old man for a 12-year-old girl, and the film of the same name that came out literally after her, did not overshadow the early Nabokov, a brilliant stylist and magician. artistic word leading an exciting word game with the reader. However, the rules of this game are far from being so simple, let's try to comprehend them together. And our assistant will be himself... Nabokov.

The point is that he was not only outstanding writer, an unsurpassed stylist, but also very interesting researcher. Numerous articles about classical writers belong to his pen. Recently published in Russia, they comprised two volumes of lectures: on Russian and foreign literature. But Nabokov's studies are not works of literature in the usual sense of the word. The fact is that Nabokov had his own view of the creator and his creations, to some extent it is set out in his article About good readers and good writers.

When you read Nabokov's works, the plot seems to disappear, it becomes not even secondary - insignificant, and you suddenly fall under the spell of the word, get involved in a certain game, forgetting that this is a game. And then you, according to Nabokov, become a "good reader." good writer he considers that artist who can not reflect, but recreate life with the creative will of the artist, relying on his perception and imagination, to see the unique, special, hidden behind the external appearance of phenomena. The writer, according to Nabokov, is "a storyteller, a teacher and a magician," but "the magician prevails in him." To be imbued with the magic of art, the reader needs two basic qualities: "disinterested imagination and purely artistic interest." A real reader should not read, but “re-read” in order to “cover at once everything that is written in the book, so that later you can calmly enjoy every detail of it.”

Soviet literature

Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov

Biography

Russian American writer, literary critic. Born on May 5 (according to the old style - April 22) [according to the Big Soviet encyclopedia- April 24 (according to the old style - April 12)] 1899 in St. Petersburg. Son of a hereditary nobleman statesman, member I State Duma from the Cadet Party, later the Manager of the Provisional Government, Nabokov Vladimir Dmitrievich. He grew up in one of the richest families in Russia. He received an excellent education at home, “having learned to read English earlier than Russian,” and became seriously interested in entomology, chess, and sports. In 1910 he entered the Tenishevsky Commercial School, one of the best educational institutions in St. Petersburg. In 1916 he published his first collection of poems. Since 1919, Nabokov has been in exile: in Great Britain (1919 - 1922), Germany (1922 - 1937), France (1937 - 1940), the USA (since 1940), Switzerland (since 1960). In 1922 he graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied Romance and Slavic languages and literature. For the first few years of his life in Germany, he lived in poverty, earning a living by compiling chess compositions for newspapers and giving tennis and swimming lessons, occasionally starring in german cinema. In 1925 he married V. Slonim, who became his faithful assistant and friend. In 1926, after the publication of the novel Mashenka in Berlin (under the pseudonym V. Sirin), he gained literary fame. In 1937, Nabokov left Nazi Germany, fearing for the life of his wife and son, first to Paris, and in 1940 to America. At first, after moving to the United States, Nabokov traveled almost the entire country in search of work. A few years later he began to teach at American universities. Since 1945 - a US citizen. Since 1940, he began to write works in English, which he was fluent in from childhood. The first English-language novel is The True Life of Sebastian Knight. In 1959 Nabokov returned to Europe. Since 1919 he has not had his own home. He lived in boarding houses, rented apartments, occupied professorial cottages, and, finally, the luxurious Palace Hotel in Montreux (Switzerland) became his last refuge. Nabokov died on July 12, 1977, in Vevey, and was buried in Clarens, near Montreux, Switzerland. In 1986, Nabokov's first publication in the USSR appeared (the novel "Luzhin's Defense" in the magazines "64" and "Moscow").

Among Nabokov's works are novels, short stories, short stories, essays, essays, poems: "A Man from the USSR" (1927), "Luzhin's Defense" (1929 - 1930, story), "The Return of Chorba" (1930; a collection of stories and poems ), Camera Obscura (1932 - 1933, novel), Despair (1934, novel), Invitation to Execution (1935 - 1936; dystopian novel), The Gift (1937, separate ed. - 1952; a novel about N. G. Chernyshevsky), The Spy (1938), The True Life of Sebastian Knight, Under the Sign of the Illegitimate, Conclusive evidence (1951; Russian translation Other Shores, 1954; memoirs), "Lolita" (1955; was written by him both in Russian and in English), "Pnin" (1957), "Ada" (1969), translations into English of "The Tale of Igor's Campaign", "Eugene Onegin" by A. S. Pushkin (1964; Nabokov himself considered his translation unsuccessful), "A Hero of Our Time" by M. Yu. Lermontov, lyric poems by Pushkin, Lermontov, Tyutchev.

Vladimir Nabokov is a Russian-American writer, literary critic, born May 5, 1899 in St. Petersburg. In many sources, the date of birth of the writer is fixed in different ways. According to the old style, he was born on April 22. His family is from a kind of nobleman, and Vladimir Nabokov is the hereditary son of a nobleman and statesman. He spent his childhood in Russia, lived in full prosperity. His family was considered quite wealthy at the time.

He studied at home, began to read in English earlier than in Russian. He took entomology, chess and sports seriously. Later, in 1910, he studied at the Tenishevsky Commercial School. After 6 years, the world saw his first collection of poems. In 1922 he graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge.

When living in Germany, the first years were quite difficult for him, he was constantly in poverty. From time to time he tried to earn his living by composing chess compositions for newspapers, giving tennis and swimming lessons, and even starring in German films. Already in 1926, the novel "Mashenka" came out into the world, which brought him great success and fame in literature.

After the writer moved with his family to the United States, from 1940 he began to write in English. This language was given to him from childhood with ease, so there were no difficulties in writing new works. The first such novel was The True Life of Sebastian Knight. Nabokov's work is quite diverse, he resorted to many genres. This is a novel, short story, short story, essays, poems: "A Man from the USSR" (1927), "Despair" (1934, novel), "Spy" (1938) and many others.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov was born April 10 (22), 1899 in St. Petersburg in an aristocratic family of a famous Russian politician Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov.

The Nabokovs were a noble and wealthy noble family. Many of its representatives reached serious social heights, for example, the grandfather of the future writer Dmitry Nikolaevich Nabokov was the Minister of Justice, one of the authors of the judicial reform of 1864. In addition to Vladimir, the Nabokov family had four more children: sons Sergei and Kirill, daughters Olga and Elena. Three languages ​​were used in everyday life of the Nabokov family: Russian, English, and French - thus, the future writer was fluent in three languages ​​from early childhood. In his own words, he learned to read English before he could read Russian. The first years of Nabokov's life were spent in comfort and prosperity in the Nabokovs' house on Bolshaya Morskaya in St. Petersburg and in their country estate Batovo (near Gatchina).

He began his education at the Tenishevsky School in St. Petersburg, where Osip Mandelstam had studied shortly before. Nabokov's range of interests was unusually varied. He made significant contributions to lepidopterology (a branch of entomology focusing on Lepidoptera), taught Russian and world literature and published several courses of literary lectures, was seriously fond of chess: he was a fairly strong practical player and published a number of interesting chess problems. In their composition, he felt something related literary creativity. Nabokov had good drawing skills, he was taught by the famous Dobuzhinsky. The boy was predicted the future of the artist. Nabokov did not become an artist, but his abilities and acquired skills were useful for his verbal painting, his unique ability to feel color, light, shape and convey these feelings in words.

Autumn 1916 Vladimir Nabokov received the Rozhdestveno estate and a million-dollar inheritance from Vasily Ivanovich Rukavishnikov, his maternal uncle. In 1916 Nabokov, while still a student at the Tenishevsky School, published in St. Petersburg under his own name the first poetry collection Poems (68 poems written by from August 1915 to May 1916).

Revolution 1917 forced the Nabokovs to move to the Crimea, and then, in 1919, emigrate from Russia. Some of the family jewels were taken away with them, and with this money the Nabokov family lived in Berlin, while Vladimir was educated in Cambridge, where he continues to write Russian poetry and translate L. Carroll's Alice in Wonderland into Russian.

In March 1922 Vladimir Nabokov's father, Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov, was killed. This happened at a lecture by P.N. Milyukov "America and the Restoration of Russia" in the building of the Berlin Philharmonic. V.D. Nabokov tried to neutralize the radical who shot Milyukov, but was shot dead by his partner.

Since 1922 Nabokov becomes part of the Russian diaspora in Berlin, earning a living by teaching English. Nabokov's stories are published in Berlin newspapers and publishing houses organized by Russian emigrants. In 1922 enters into an engagement with Svetlana Sievert; the engagement was broken off by the bride's family early 1923 because Nabokov could not find a permanent job. In 1925 Nabokov marries Vera Slonim and completes his first novel, Mashenka. Then before 1937 creates 8 novels in Russian, constantly complicating his author's style and experimenting more and more boldly with form. Nabokov's novels, which were not published in Soviet Russia, were successful with Western emigration, and are now considered masterpieces of Russian literature (especially Luzhin's Defense, The Gift, Invitation to Execution).

The coming of the Nazis to power in Germany in the late 1930s put an end to the Russian diaspora in Berlin. Nabokov's life with his Jewish wife in Germany became impossible, and the Nabokov family moved to Paris, and with the outbreak of World War II, emigrated to the United States. With the disappearance of the Russian diaspora in Europe, Nabokov finally lost his Russian-speaking reader, and the only way to continue his work was to switch to English. Nabokov wrote his first novel in English (The Real Life of Sebastian Knight) in Europe, shortly before leaving for the United States, since 1937 and until the end of his days, Nabokov did not write a single novel in Russian (except for the autobiography "Other Shores" and the author's translation of "Lolita" into Russian).

In America from 1940 to 1958 Nabokov earns his living by lecturing on Russian and world literature at American universities. His first English-language novels (The Real Life of Sebastian Knight, Bend Sinister, Pnin), despite their artistic merit, were not commercially successful. During this period, Nabokov closely converged with E. Wilson and other literary critics, continued to professionally engage in entomology. Traveling during his holidays in the United States, Nabokov is working on the novel Lolita, the theme of which (the story of an adult man who is passionately carried away by a twelve-year-old girl) was unthinkable for his time, as a result of which even the writer had little hope of publishing the novel. However, the novel was published (first in Europe, then in America) and quickly brought its author worldwide fame and financial well-being. It is interesting that initially the novel, as Nabokov himself described, was published by the odious Olympia publishing house, which, as he realized after publication, mainly produced “semi-pornographic” and similar novels.

Nabokov returns to Europe and since 1960 lives in Montreux, Switzerland, where he writes his last novels, the most famous of which are "Pale Fire" and "Ada".

Vladimir Nabokov died July 2, 1977 aged 78, buried in the cemetery in Clarens, near Montreux, Switzerland.