History of afk (2). Main program of the Special Olympics
ABSTRACT
on the topic of:
"SPECIAL OLYMPICS"
Performed:
Scientific adviser:
Special Olympics is a global movement that organizes sports and recreation events and competitions for people with intellectual disabilities. In the Russian Federation, the development of the Special Olympics Movement is carried out by the Special Olympics of Russia - the all-Russian public Charitable organization assistance to people with mental retardation.
An international movement that develops adaptive sports for people with mental retardation. Unites more than 150 countries. The founder of the movement, Eunice Kennedy Shriver, opened a camp in her home in Maryland (USA) in June 1963 with a special sports program for people with intellectual disabilities.
The first international SO games were held on June 19-20, 1968 in Chicago (USA). About a thousand athletes competed in athletics and swimming. The first international S.O. Winter Games were held in February 1977 in Steamboat Springs (USA).
The most important stage in the history of S. O. was the signing of an agreement between IOC President H. A. Samaranch and the founder of the movement Y. Shriver in 1988. According to this agreement, the IOC officially recognized the S. O. movement and allowed the word Olympic to be used in the name of the Special Olympics.
In 1990, the "All-Union Committee of the Special Olympics" was created in the USSR. In December 1991, it was transformed into the Eurasia Special Olympics organization. In 1999, the public charitable organization "Special Olympics of Russia" was established in the Russian Federation. The main goal, stated in the charter of the organization, is to promote successful rehabilitation, social adaptation and integration into society of people with mental retardation by means of physical culture and sports.
Special Olympic Movement: pages of history
In June 1963, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver, sister of John and Robert Kennedy, opened a summer day camp in her Maryland home for children and adults with intellectual disabilities to explore their ability to various types sports and physical education.
In July 1968, the first international Special Olympics took place at the Military Field in Chicago. In December of the same year, Special Olympics was created, which received the status of a charitable organization. Over the years, more than a million people from 162 countries of the world have become participants in the Special Olympics movement.
In 1988, at the XV Winter Olympic Games in Calgary, the President of the International Olympic Committee, Juan Antonio Samaranch, signed an agreement with J. Kennedy-Shriver, according to which the Special Olympics received the right to use the word "Olympic" in its name.
The merit of Eunice and her husband, Sargent Shriver, a prominent figure in the US Democratic Party, is that they were able to prove: regular classes physical education, participation in competitions help mentally retarded people acquire the skills of labor and collective conscious actions, teach them to act purposefully and in an organized manner. This creates opportunities for gradual adaptation to real life conditions and integration into society.
In Russia, the special Olympic movement has been developing since 1990. On September 16, 1999, the Special Olympics of Russia, which became part of Special Olympic International, was registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation as an all-Russian public charitable organization for helping people with mental retardation.
Today, more than 50,000 children and adults participate in the Special Olympic Movement in our country. There are about 50 local branches of Special Olympics Russia.
Andrey Vladimirovich Pavlov is the President of Special Olympics Russia.
Special Olympics athletes are united by a spirit of courage, triumph and joy that does not recognize division by nationality, political views, gender, age, race or religion.
Through sports training and competition, Special Olympics has a positive impact on many aspects of an athlete's life.
Scientific studies have confirmed the benefits of participating in Special Olympics:
Increasing self-confidence and improving social skills.
Increasing job readiness.
The best preparation to independent living.
Improving the ability to make personal decisions.
Strengthening friendships and family relationships.
Special Olympics athletes carry these benefits into their daily lives at home, school, work and community.
Adults and children eight years of age and older who are mentally retarded are eligible to participate in Special Olympics. All training and competitions for participating athletes are free of charge.
By agreement between Special Olympics and the International Olympic Committee (IOC), Special Olympics was given the right to be called "the Olympics".
“...in recognition of Special Olympics International's efforts to promote sport among the mentally retarded, the International Olympic Committee officially recognizes Special Olympics, which hereby receives permission to use the name "Olympics"...
The core of the Special Olympics program is training. Special Olympics gives athletes the opportunity to train year-round under the guidance of certified Special Olympics coaches.
Special Olympics spends significant resources on coach education by organizing national and international training workshops, producing sports skills manuals and videos for coaches.
Competition at all levels of athletic ability
Special Olympics allows athletes of all abilities to compete in Special Olympics games at a fair and challenging level, with all athletes having a reasonable chance of winning.
A unique feature of Special Olympics is the classification system it applies to all competitions and games.
Classification is the process by which athletes or teams are placed into groups in which they compete against other individuals or teams of approximately the same age and ability.
Athlete in the spotlight
Athletes are always at the center of attention of the Special Olympics Movement. Special Olympics works to create opportunities for athletes to succeed on and off the field and be a catalyst for social change. Special Olympics athletes not only train and compete in sports, they are also coaches, judges, give speeches, serve on boards of directors, give press interviews and hold various positions.
Special Olympics touches the lives of millions of families and loved ones, giving them support, hope, recognition and inspiration. At the same time, within the movement itself, the families and friends of the participants are recognized and respected as strong voices in defense of people with mental retardation.
Volunteers - driving force
The driving force behind the Special Olympics Movement is its volunteers. Hundreds of thousands of people from all walks of life volunteer their time coaching athletes, organizing events, raising funds and doing many other things.
Special Olympics is organized for people with disabilities. This movement has swept the whole world. Children and adults with various diseases and problems actively participate in all countries of the globe.
Regional seminars are held annually for the heads of special schools and physical education teachers on the topic “Organization of physical culture and health-improving work in special (correctional) educational institutions and classes of the VIII type”. Seminar participants discuss problems in the organization sports work, successes and achievements of students in various sports, set goals and make plans for the further introduction of other sports. The main problem is the lack of sports equipment, of course, the material base of our boarding school leaves much to be desired. I would like to take part in competitions in swimming, skating, but, unfortunately, there are no funds for this at the school.
Be kind, cordial, love children for what they are and for who they are!
IN Currently, special attention is paid to the issues of physical education and sports of disabled people in the Russian Federation. Local competitions are held, combined teams of cities and regions participate in the country's championships and championships, national teams defend the sporting honor of Russia at the European and World Championships, the Paralympic, Surdolympic and Special Olympic Games.
Since 198I, disabled people with lesions of the musculoskeletal system have been participating in such competitions. This group includes disabled people with amputation and congenital limb defects, disabled people with the consequences of injuries and diseases of the spinal cord (“spinal spines”), disabled people with the consequences of poliomyelitis and cerebral palsy (with intact intelligence).
Physical exercises in all these cases are necessary. They provide strengthening of the body, contribute to the expansion of the motor capabilities of the disabled, contributing to their everyday, labor, social rehabilitation. Elements of sports should also be used in recreational activities. In the absence of contraindications, regular sports training is recommended, expanding the circle of communication and interests of the disabled, which contributes to social rehabilitation. Before starting classes with people with disabilities who have lesions of the musculoskeletal system, you should familiarize yourself with individual indications and contraindications for classes.
Many years of experience of sports and medical commissions at all-Russian and international competitions made it possible to develop indications and contraindications for the admission of disabled people to classes.
Absolute contraindications to classes are: - febrile conditions, purulent processes in tissues, chronic diseases in the acute stage, infectious diseases;
Cardiovascular disease: ischemic heart disease
ca, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, stroke, myocardial infarction
carditis of any etiology, uncompensated heart defects,
violations of the regime of the heart and conduction, sinus tachycardia with
Heart rate more than 100 ul/min.;
Pulmonary insufficiency (with a decrease in vital capacity
sti lung by 50% or more of the due);
Threat of bleeding (cavernous tuberculosis, peptic ulcer
disease of the stomach and duodenum with a tendency to
bleeding);
Blood diseases (including anemia);
Consequences of traumatic brain injuries from the slope
increased intracranial pressure with the threat of epi-
seizures;
Consequences of an acute disorder of the brain
imagination and disorders of the spinal circulation (from the local
disease lysis - myopathy, myasthenia gravis);
Multiple sclerosis;
Malignant neoplasms;
Gallstone and urolithiasis with frequent attacks
pami, chronic renal failure;
Chronic hepatitis of any etiology;
Myopia high degree with changes in the fundus,
conditions after retinal detachment, glaucoma of any degree;
Severe diabetes mellitus, complications with polyneuritis;
Epilepsy;
Osteochondrosis of the spine, complicated by herniated discs,
spondylolisthesis, myelopathy, vertebroba pain syndrome
zylar insufficiency;
Mental illness (schizophrenia, depression-mania)
cal condition).
Disabled people with lesions of the musculoskeletal system who have the above diseases should exercise, but within the limits of therapeutic physical culture under the supervision of a doctor.
In practice, comorbidities often occur along with amputation defects of the limbs.
The task of coaches and organizers of the physical culture and health movement is to correctly orient those involved, based on their capabilities, so as not to injure athletes and not bring them to competitions where they will not be missed by the medical and sports commission.
COMPETITIONS AND SPORTS FOR THE DISABLED
Increased demands on the human body, the functional state of all its systems are made by participation in sports competitions and sports training. In this connection, the sport of the disabled requires special approach and attention.
Currently, the number of Russian disabled athletes participating in international competitions has approximately tripled.
Athletes with hearing, vision, and musculoskeletal disorders participate in the Paralympic Movement. Not so long ago (at the 1992 Paralympic Games in Spain) athletes with an intellectual disability joined them, but at the last Paralympic Games in 2004, athletes with an intellectual disability did not participate again. For them, Sweden hosted the "Global Games" supported by the UN.
The Paralympic and Deaf-Olympic programs require athletes to have a regular training system, use the body's reserve capabilities, participate V competitions of various ranks and a high level of sportsmanship (sports categories are assigned here).
Special Olympics uses the principle of dividing participants into divisions depending on gender, age and skill level. There are a lot of subprograms in this movement: “Torch Run”, “United Sports”, “Family Programs”, “Leading Athlete”, “Motor Activity Training Program*, “Healthy Athletes”.
One of the main levers for the development of sports among the disabled is the calendar plan of all-Russian sports and recreational activities. The calendar plan solves two tasks at the same time: the development of mass character and ensuring the successful performance of the Russian national teams at the World Championships, European Championships, Sur-Olympic and Paralympic Games.
The Federation of Sports for the Blind develops 11 sports, including athletics, cross-country skiing, biathlon, judo, swimming, sport games(goalball, torball), powerlifting, armwrestling, chess, checkers.
Competitions among persons with intellectual disabilities under the INAS-FID program are held in athletics, football, swimming, equestrian sports, badminton and table tennis.
The Special Olympics program includes more than 20 sports: summer - swimming, athletics, basketball, bowling, volleyball, cycling, equestrianism, football, mini-football, gymnastics (sports and artistic), powerlifting, roller skating, softball; winter - skiing, cross-country skiing, figure skating, speed skating, floor hockey.
Demonstration sports - badminton, handball, golf, table tennis, sailing. There is a question about the inclusion of the following sports: canoeing, tennis, judo.
In the Special Olympics program, to ensure the safety of athletes, the following are prohibited: javelin, hammer, shot put, triple jump, pole vault, biathlon, ski jumping, shooting, fencing, all types of martial arts, rugby.
COMPETITIONS AND SPORTS FOR THE DISABLED
Rules sports competitions among the disabled in Russia are based on the relevant international rules, sometimes with slight amendments to the specifics of the development and traditions of the sport in our country.
The rules of sports competitions among deaf athletes are practically no different from customary rules competitions, except that the start is given, for example, by a flag.
Competition rules for persons with disorders of the musculoskeletal system (MDA) in most sports also do not differ significantly from the usual rules. This applies to athletics, badminton, swimming, archery, shooting, standing volleyball, powerlifting and many other sports. At the same time, there are a number of specific requirements in the rules of the competition for persons with violations of the ODA in sitting volleyball: for example, it is impossible to get off the floor, touching the net is not considered a mistake, etc.
The rules for playing football for the disabled with cerebral palsy are more different from the general football rules. They play on a reduced field, consisting of 7x7 people.
The rules of wheelchair basketball competitions differ even more from the generally accepted rules regarding the number of players and the size of the court.
Differences in competition rules for visually impaired and blind athletes are more significant. In cross-country athletics and cross-country skiing, they provide for a leader, refereeing takes place with a clap or whistle, etc.
In Special Olympics, the rules focus primarily on the safety of the athletes and are consistent with the rules of the sport. If they differ on any issue, Special Olympics rules take precedence.
A characteristic difference between the competition rules for the Paralympic program is that directly at the competition they must pass a sports and medical classification commission according to the degree of damage to the musculoskeletal system, determined by a special qualified jury. This is necessary to create equal starting conditions for the fight, without which the competition loses all meaning.
DETERMINATION OF THE RIGHT TO PARTICIPATE ATHLETES IN COMPETITIONS
An athlete has the right to take part in competitions if he meets the admission criteria: he is disabled (certificate of medical and social expertise - ITU) or has intellectual disabilities (document confirming the diagnosis). A doctor's permit is also required after passing a medical examination at a medical and sports dispensary (certified application). An identity document is required (passport or birth certificate + photo certificate), membership card, life and health accident insurance.
Each of the International Sports Organizations, in conjunction with the International Paralympic Sports Federations (IPSF), has established its own rules for determining the classification of Athletes, which is produced by their designated International Classifiers.
The class into which an athlete is placed may change over time depending on whether the athlete's performance has improved or worsened. Therefore, an athlete goes through the process of determining the class more than once during his sports career.
Classification documents are checked for each athlete at the Paralympic Games, and those who need reclassification are invited to the commission, where international experts confirm the athlete's class or assign him a new one.
The criteria adopted in Russia for determining the disability group (degree of incapacity for work) cannot be applied to sports classification, since the tasks facing the bureau of medical and social expertise and the tasks of sports classification are different.
For the participation of the visually impaired in competitions, the medical sports classification of the International Sports Association for the Blind (IBSA) applies, providing for athletes of 3 sports classes. The sports classification of blind athletes is universal for all sports, and its application for different competitions depends on the sport. For example, in judo wrestling, athletes compete without taking into account the sports class, there are only features of refereeing for class B1, and for swimming and skiing, strict compliance is important. sports class. The classification takes into account the state of the two main visual functions of the organ of vision: visual acuity and peripheral boundaries of the visual field. The classification of blind and visually impaired athletes is carried out by ophthalmologists.
IBSA medical classification criteria:
Class B1. Lack of light projection, or inability to determine the shadow of the hand at any distance and in any direction. Athletes competing in class VI, according to the accepted IBSA rules, are required to wear opaque goggles during the competition, which are controlled by the judges.
Class B2. From the ability to determine the shadow of the hand at any distance to visual acuity below 2/60 (0.03), or with a concentric narrowing of the field of view up to 5 degrees.
VZ class. From visual acuity above 2/60, but below 6/60 (0.03-0.1), and / or with a concentric narrowing of the visual field of more than 5, but less than 20 degrees.
Classification is carried out according to best eye under conditions of better optical correction. The count of the fingers is determined on a contrasting background. The boundaries of the field of view are determined with a mark that is maximum for a given perimeter.
It is rational to carry out sports classification of the visually impaired even in childhood, since in this case it is easier to solve issues of both coaching work (occupancy in groups, selection of appropriate equipment, etc.), and to monitor the dynamics of the state of visual functions.
The most difficult is the definition of functional classes in athletes participating in competitions in the Paralympic programs with disorders of the musculoskeletal system (MDA).
It is especially difficult to classify swimmers, because it combines the conditions of loss of limbs, cerebral palsy (coordination and limitation of mobility), spinal injuries (weakness or paralysis affecting the limbs) and other disorders that athletes have.
All class designations in swimming begin with the letter S:
S1 - S10 - athletes with physical disabilities;
Sll -S13 - athletes with visual impairment (BI, B2 and OT);
S14 - Athletes with intellectual disabilities.
The S designation refers to the freestyle and butterfly classes. SB - to breaststroke classes. The designation SM refers to classes in Individual Combined Swimming.
The order in which the classes are determined is from maximum damage (S1, SB1, SM1) to minimum damage (S10, SB10, SM10).
In any class, depending on the condition, the athlete can start from the bedside table, or from the water. This is taken into account when classifying an athlete.
Special Olympics organizers believe that competition between athletes of equal ability is the most effective tool evaluating sportsmanship, measuring progress and increasing incentives for personal growth.
By categorizing athletes/teams compete with athletes/teams of the same ability level.
Athletes or teams are categorized according to the following criteria:
1. By gender: male/female/joint (in some cases)
2. By age:
Individual sports. Team sports.
8-L years; 15 years and under;
12-15 years old; 16-21 years old;
16-21 years old; 22 years and older.
30 years and older.
3. By ability."
Information prior to the competition. (Sportsmanship test scores or preliminary results are used for preliminary categorization).
Preliminary local competitions are held to confirm/change categories for the main competitions.
Age groups may be combined, and athletes may be assigned to other age groups (open age group), if it is possible to achieve the same level of ability.
When combining age groups in team sports, the Division Committee must ensure the safety of junior teams playing in older groups.
The minimum number of athletes / teams in one division is 3. The maximum is 8.
Athletes who do not compete with maximum performance in the preliminary / classification competitions are disqualified and not allowed to participate in the remaining competitions by decision of the Committee on sports rules for specific sports.
Coaches must instruct athletes to compete in all Preliminary/Classification Competitions to the best of their ability.
SPORTS SPECIAL OLYMPIAD PROGRAMS
Swimming Athletics Basketball Volleyball
Football Table tennis
Bowling Badminton
Sailing
snowshoe racing
Skiing
Skating
Ski race
Snowboard
Figure skating
floor hockey
Bocce Powerlifting Handball Judo Tennis
Roller skating competition
Horseback Riding
Program for the development of physical activity
Cycling Softball Golf
LITERATURE
1. Begidova T.P. Fundamentals of adaptive physical culture: Textbook. - M.: Physical culture and sport, 2007. - 192 p.
2. Venevtsev, S. I. Adaptive sports for persons with intellectual disabilities: [method. allowance] / S. I. Venevtsev. - 2nd ed., add. and correct. - M.: Sov. sport, 2004 (PIK VINITI). - 90 s.
3. Sports training for the disabled (adaptive sports): Study method. allowance. - Ufa: Vostok Publishing House. un-ta, 2004 (Typ. Publishing house of the East. un-ta). - 63 p.
4. www.defes.lviv.ua/so_lviv_r.htm
5 www.specialolympics.org
Special Olympics and Paralympics are two separate organizations recognized by the IOC. The unique nature of Special Olympics is that it provides sporting opportunities for individuals with intellectual disabilities at all levels of athletic ability. The Paralympic Games provide sporting opportunities for elite-level athletes with a physical or mental disability.
History of movement in Russia
In February 1990, in Sukhumi (Georgia), the first all-Union seminar for specialists in physical culture was held, dedicated to the organization of sports work with mentally retarded people under the Special Olympics program. At this seminar, the public organization "All-Union Committee of Special Olympics" was created, which laid the foundation for the development of this movement in all the republics of the former Soviet Union. It was then that Russian specialists got acquainted with the Special Olympics program for the first time.
In 1990, the first all-Union competitions were held, at which athletes from Russia, Azerbaijan, Belarus and Uzbekistan were selected, who took part in the same year in the summer European Special Olympic Games in Glasgow (Scotland) in athletics, swimming, gymnastics and handball.
In the spring of 1991, an all-Union seminar "Special Olympics" was held in Moscow, on the basis of the GTSOLIFK. After that, the summer All-Union Special Olympic Games were held; they were held in 9 sports in the cities of Russia, Ukraine and Moldova. Athletes with mental retardation from almost all republics took part in them.
In June 1991, a delegation of 113 people, including representatives of all Soviet republics, took part in the Summer Special Olympics in Minneapolis (USA), in athletics, swimming, weightlifting, gymnastics, volleyball, basketball, football , table tennis, handball.
In December 1991, in connection with the collapse of the Soviet Union, the All-Union Committee of the Special Olympics was liquidated and the public organization Special Olympics of Eurasia was created. The purpose of its creation was to help organize independent national programs "Special Olympics" in 12 young countries in the territory of the former Soviet Union.
In 1992, the first Winter Special Olympic Games of Eurasia were held in Petrozavodsk, the program of which included competitions in cross-country skiing and speed skating; A floor hockey tournament was held in St. Petersburg.
In March 1993, in Austria, 156 athletes and coaches from Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan participated in the Winter World Special Olympic Games in cross-country skiing, alpine skiing, speed skating, figure skating, and floor hockey.
In 1994, in Ashgabat (Turkmenistan), athletes from Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and Kyrgyzstan participated in athletics, swimming, basketball, table tennis, and football in the Summer Special Olympic Games of Eurasia. Unfortunately, due to financial problems other countries could not take part in them.
In 1995, in New Haven (USA), already independent teams of Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine participated in the Summer Special Olympic Games, and athletes from Moldova, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan competed in one Eurasian team, since these countries have not yet created independent national organizations Special Olympics.
Such a rapid growth of the Special Olympics Movement in the countries of the post-Soviet space can be explained by the fact that it stimulates the development and use of physical culture and sports.
It was revealed that active physical culture and sports have a positive effect on the functioning of the main body systems of people with mental retardation, thereby contributing to the development of corrective and compensatory functions that allow them to adapt to life in society.
The Special Olympics of Russia is an all-Russian public charitable organization officially recognized by the Russian Olympic Committee, which is the national committee of the international public organization Special Olympics International.
In September 1999, the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation registered the Russian Special Olympics for the first time - the only organization in our country that represents Russia in SOI, including at international competitions.
"Special Olympics of Russia" organizes all-Russian competitions in certain types sports and Olympiads, completes and sends national teams to European and world competitions, organizes all-Russian seminars, trains coaches and judges, graduates methodical literature. The main objective of the Special Olympics Russia is to spread the Special Olympics movement in the country and involve more people with mental retardation in sports under the programs of the Special Olympics. To this end, the Directorate is doing a great job of organizing territorial branches and regional centers.
The main task of the movement is to disseminate the principles of the movement in Russia and to attract as much as possible a large number intellectually disabled people to go in for sports under the SpecialOlympics program. Here we are confident that regular physical education classes, participation in competitions help participants acquire the skills of labor and collective conscious actions, teach them to perform purposefully and in an organized manner. This creates opportunities for gradual adaptation to real life conditions and integration into society. The movement is based on the principles of autonomy and ethical management.
Special Olympics was founded by JFK's sister Eunice Kennedy Shriver in 1968 and today unites more than 3 million people from 160 countries of the world. In the summer of 1963, Eunice Kennedy opened a day camp for children with intellectual disabilities on the property behind her Maryland home to evaluate their ability in various sports. This camp started the movement that became known as the Special Olympics, which now has more than 200 programs in 150 countries around the world. The movement currently has nearly 550,000 members in the US and 500,000 in China. Special Olympics is a non-profit enterprise made possible by the help of 700,000 volunteers worldwide. It is they who do everything so that none of the participants in these international competitions is left without attention.
The Special Olympics Movement arose 40 years ago at the initiative of Eunice Kennedy Shriver, the sister of US President John F. Kennedy. In 1957, she became head of the foundation named after her brother, Joseph Patrick Kennedy Jr. The Foundation has two main goals: to find protection against mental retardation by identifying its causes, and to improve the way society treats citizens who have intellectual disabilities.
In February 1990, in Sukhumi (Georgia), the first all-Union seminar for specialists in physical culture was held, dedicated to the organization of sports work with mentally retarded people under the Special Olympics program. At this seminar, the public organization "All-Union Committee of Special Olympics" was created, which laid the foundation for the development of this movement in all the republics of the former Soviet Union.
The seminar was attended by Russian (A. A. Dmitriev, V. M. Mozgovoy) and American (Dr. Hieli and Dr. Dolan) scientists in the field of physical education of people with mental retardation, employees of the Ministries of Education, Social Security, Health, physical education teachers, defectologists, as well as specialists from international organization Special Olympics International, headed by the president of this organization, Mr. Sargent Shriver. It was then that Russian specialists got acquainted with the Special Olympics program for the first time.
In the spring of 1991, in Moscow, on the basis of the GTSOLIFK, an all-Union seminar "Special Olympics" was held, in which well-known athletes in the past participated: Tatyana Sarycheva, Alexander Boloshev, Alzhan Zharmukhamedov, Lyudmila Kondratieva, Galina Prozumenshchikova. After that, the summer All-Union Special Olympic Games were held; they were held in 9 sports in the cities of Russia, Ukraine and Moldova. Athletes with mental retardation from almost all republics took part in them.
In September 1999, the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation registered the Russian Special Olympics for the first time - the only organization in our country that represents Russia in SOI, including at international competitions.
The Special Olympics of Russia organizes all-Russian competitions in certain sports and olympiads, completes and sends national teams to European and world competitions, organizes all-Russian seminars, trains coaches and judges, publishes methodological literature. The main objective of the Special Olympics in Russia is to spread the Special Olympics movement in the country and involve more people with mental retardation in sports under the programs of the Special Olympics. To do this, the directorate is doing great job on the organization of territorial branches and regional centers.
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Activities for people with mental disabilities. It is the main organizer of the Special Olympics ( Special Olympics World Games) held every 4 years. The Special Olympics Movement arose 40 years ago at the initiative of Eunice Kennedy Shriver, sister of US President John F. Kennedy. In 1957, she became head of the Joseph Kennedy Foundation. The Foundation has two main goals: to find protection against mental retardation by identifying its causes, and to improve the way society treats citizens who have intellectual disabilities.
In 1963, Eunice and her husband, Sargent Shriver, decided to change the position of people who were considered worthless in society. To that end, they converted their home in Maryland into a sports day camp for children and adults with mental retardation to explore their abilities.
The very first results of working with them showed how responsive these people are to care and how, with support and patient training, their huge internal potential. People with mental retardation turned out to be much more capable in sports and physical education than many experts thought.
In July 1968, the first international Special Olympics took place at the Military Field in Chicago. In December of the same year, Special Olympics was created, which received the status of a charitable organization. Over the years, more than three million people from 180 countries of the world have become participants in the Special Olympics movement.
In 1988, at the XV Winter Olympic Games in Calgary, the President of the International Olympic Committee, Juan Antonio Samaranch, signed an agreement with J. Kennedy-Shriver, according to which Special Olympics received the right to use the word "Olympics" in its name.
"...in recognition of Special Olympics International's efforts to promote sport among the mentally handicapped, the International Olympic Committee officially recognizes Special Olympics, which is hereby authorized to use the name "Olympics"...
Juan Antonio Samaranch
President of the International Olympic Committee,
February 15, 1988, Calgary, Canada, XV Winter Olympic Games
The merit of Eunice and her husband, Sargent Shriver, a prominent figure in the US Democratic Party, is that they were able to prove that regular physical education, participation in competitions help mentally retarded people acquire the skills of work and collective conscious actions, teach them to act purposefully and in an organized manner. . This creates opportunities for gradual adaptation to real life conditions and integration into society.
In Russia, the special Olympic movement has been developing since 1990. On September 16, 1999, the Special Olympics of Russia, which became part of Special Olympic International, was registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation as an all-Russian public charitable organization for helping people with mental retardation.
Now more than 110 thousand children and adults participate in the special Olympic movement in our country. There are about 60 local branches of Special Olympics Russia.
History of the Special Olympic Movement in Russia
February 1990 in Sukhumi (Georgia) the first all-Union seminar for specialists in physical culture was held, dedicated to the organization of sports work with mentally retarded people under the program "Special Olympics". At this seminar, the public organization "All-Union Committee of Special Olympics" was created, which laid the foundation for the development of this movement in all the republics of the former Soviet Union.
The seminar was attended by Russian (A. A. Dmitriev, V. M. Mozgovoy) and American (Dr. Hieli and Dr. Dolan) scientists in the field of physical education of people with mental retardation, employees of the Ministries of Education, Social Security, Health, physical education teachers, defectologists, as well as specialists from the international organization Special Olympics International, headed by the president of this organization, Mr. Sargent Shriver. It was then that Russian specialists got acquainted with the Special Olympics program for the first time.
In 1990 The first All-Union competitions were held, which selected athletes from Russia, Azerbaijan, Belarus and Uzbekistan, who took part in the same year in the summer European Special Olympic Games in Glasgow (Scotland) in athletics, swimming, gymnastics and handball. This first experience of participation in international competitions "Special Olympics" gave the opportunity to coaches to understand the principles of this movement, to get to know its requirements and rules.
Spring 1991 in Moscow, on the basis of GTSOLIFK, an all-Union seminar "Special Olympics" was held, in which well-known athletes in the past took part: Tatyana Sarycheva, Alexander Boloshev, Alzhan Zharmukhamedov, Lyudmila Kondratieva, Galina Prozumenshchikova. After that, the summer All-Union Special Olympic Games were held; they were held in 9 sports in the cities of Russia, Ukraine and Moldova. Athletes with mental retardation from almost all republics took part in them.
In June 1991 a delegation of 113 people, including representatives of all the Union republics, took part in the Summer Special Olympics in Minneapolis (USA), in athletics, swimming, weightlifting, gymnastics, volleyball, basketball, football, table tennis, handball .
In December 1991 In connection with the collapse of the Soviet Union, the All-Union Committee of the Special Olympics was liquidated and the public organization Special Olympics of Eurasia was created. The purpose of its creation was to help organize independent national programs "Special Olympics" in 12 young countries in the territory of the former Soviet Union.
In 1992 in Petrozavodsk the first Winter Special Olympic Games of Eurasia were held, the program of which included competitions in cross-country skiing and speed skating; A floor hockey tournament was held in St. Petersburg.
March 1993 in Austria, 156 athletes and coaches from Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan participated in the Winter Special Olympics World Games in cross-country skiing, alpine skiing, speed skating, figure skating, and floor hockey.
In 1994 in Ashgabat (Turkmenistan) in the Summer Special Olympic Games of Eurasia, athletes from Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and Kyrgyzstan participated in competitions in athletics, swimming, basketball, table tennis, and football. Unfortunately, due to financial problems other countries could not take part in them.
In 1995 in New Haven (USA) in the Summer Special Olympics World Games, already independent teams of Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine participated, and athletes from Moldova, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan competed in the same team of Eurasia, so how in these countries independent national organizations "Special Olympics" have not yet been created.
Such a rapid growth of the Special Olympics Movement in the countries of the post-Soviet space can be explained by the fact that it stimulates the development and use of physical culture and sports for people with mental retardation. It was revealed that active physical culture and sports have positive influence on the functioning of the main body systems of persons with mental retardation, thereby contributing to the development of corrective and compensatory functions that allow them to adapt to life in society.
The Special Olympics of Russia is an all-Russian public charitable organization officially recognized by the Russian Olympic Committee, which is the national committee of the international public organization Special Olympics International.
In September 1999 The Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation for the first time registered the Special Olympics of Russia - the only organization in our country that represents Russia in SOI, including at international competitions.
The Special Olympics of Russia organizes all-Russian competitions in certain sports and olympiads, completes and sends national teams to European and world competitions, organizes all-Russian seminars, trains coaches and judges, publishes methodological literature. The main objective of the Special Olympics in Russia is to spread the Special Olympics movement in the country and involve more people with mental retardation in sports under the programs of the Special Olympics. To this end, the Directorate is doing a great job of organizing territorial branches and regional centers.
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See what "Special Olympics" is in other dictionaries:
Special Olympics- is an international organization created to help people with intellectual disabilities develop self confidence, social skills and a sense of personal accomplishment. Among their other activities, Special Olympics conducts the Special Olympics… … Wikipedia
Special Olympics- Basketballturnier Special Olympics ist die weltweit größte Sportbewegung für Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung und Mehrfachbehinderung. Sie ist vom Internationalen Olympischen Komitee offiziell anerkannt und darf als einzige Organization den… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Special Olympics- es una organización internacional creada para ayudar a las personas con discapacidad psíquica a desarrollar la confianza en sí mismas y sus habilidades sociales mediante el entrenamiento y la competición deportiva. Entre otras actividades,… … Wikipedia Español
Special Olympics- Special Olympics. an international program of fitness and athletic competition for children and adults who are mentally and often physically handicapped, founded in 1968 and featuring events and quadrennial games modeled on those of the Olympics… … Universalium
Special Olympics- Jeux olympiques spéciaux Inspirés des Jeux olympiques, les Jeux olympiques spéciaux s'adressent à des déficients intellectuels âgés de 8 à 80 ans. L accent est mis sur la participation de chacun plutôt que sur l exploit sportif. Sommaire 1 ... ... Wikipedia en Français
Special Olympics- Special O|lym|pics, the an international program of sports events and sports training for adults and children who have mental or physical problems … Dictionary of contemporary English
