Who do you Chatsky winner or loser. Chatsky - defeated or winner in the work "Woe from Wit" by Griboyedov? The birth of the Decembrist movement

Composition on the topic: “Who is Chatsky: the winner or the defeated?”

9th grade student "G"

Sergeev Grigory Konstantinovich

Lecturer: Romanova Ludmila Anisimovna

Rating: good

"Woe from Wit" is one of the brightest works Russian literature.
The comedy was written after Patriotic War 1812, during the rise of the spiritual life of Russia. At this time, the split in the noble environment becomes obvious. The influence of the ideas of the French Enlightenment, European revolutionaries, growth national consciousness after the war of 1812, they formed the Decembrist ideology, united many young nobles in an effort to change Russian society. However, most of the Russian nobility remained deaf or hostile to new trends. It is this situation, this conflict, that Griboyedov captured in his work.

The young nobility in the comedy is represented by only one person in the comedy
- Alexander Andreevich Chatsky. He is opposed by a whole circle of nobles with the most conservative views. This circle is usually called the "Famus society". This name is not meaningless. Indeed, the central and most detailed figure here is Pavel Afanasyevich
Famusov, in whose monologues, remarks and actions one can most clearly see the laws by which his entire environment lives, united in their views on life. Thus, Chatsky is opposed by a whole way of life, a set of habits and prejudices, the whole society, and not individuals.

In the play, which depicts only one day in Famusov's house,
Griboedov touched upon the most important issues of the time: about upbringing and education, about serving the fatherland and civic duty, about serfdom and admiration for everything foreign. He showed the struggle of the "current century" and
"past century" in the face of Chatsky and Famus society.

In Famusov's house, relations between people are built on lies and hypocrisy.
The main occupations of the inhabitants of this house are "lunches, dinners and dances." And now, into this house, where vices are covered with ostentatious virtue, a whirlwind bursts
Chatsky. In the image of Chatsky, Griboyedov showed a man of a new mindset and soul, inspired by advanced ideas, ready to go against society for the sake of his ideals.

The play is based on love drama under which social and ideological conflicts are hidden. In these conflicts, the character of Chatsky is revealed.

Chatsky comes to Famusov's house to a girl named Sophia, whom she loves, but this girl cheated on him. Chatsky suffers from the fact that Sophia preferred to him the narrow-minded and helpful Molchalin, who has only two talents: "moderation and accuracy." With all her mental inclinations, Sophia belongs entirely to the Famus society. She cannot fall in love with Chatsky, because he completely opposes this society with the turn of his mind and soul. Sophia is one of the "tormentors" who offended the bright mind and fiery feeling of Chatsky. Therefore, personal drama
Chatsky develops into a public one and determines his fate as a lonely dreamer in the Famus world.

Chatsky is tormented by social problems, he understands the whole horror of serfdom, in which every independent thought, every sincere feeling is doomed to persecution, when “from mothers, fathers of rejected children” they are driven “to a serf ballet” to satisfy the desire of the master, when people are changed " on greyhounds three dogs. Chatsky sees that people in power are not concerned about the problems of the people and the state, they are only:

They found protection from court in friends, in kinship,

Magnificent building chambers,

Where they overflow in feasts and in extravagance.

And, of course, in such a society it is not the Chatskys with their minds who are blissful, but
Molchalins, who know how to "pat a pug there in time, rub a card there at the right time." And such a person as Chatsky will forever be expelled from such a society.

Chatsky is a man of the new world. He does not accept the laws of the old
Moscow. He has his own idea of ​​serving the fatherland. In his opinion, it is necessary to serve honestly, "without demanding either places or promotion." Chatsky opposes people who value only wealth and rank, are afraid of truth and enlightenment. He connects the progress of society with the flourishing of the individual, the development of science and education, which is alien to the Famus society. A man who has received a good education and has a brilliant mind, Chatsky does not want to take people like Maxim Petrovich (Famusov's ideal) as examples, because he does not see any moral virtues in them. Chatsky casts doubt on the moral authority of the fathers, speaking of "the meanest traits of life" and comparing new Age with the past century, by no means in favor of the latter. Chatsky is not only an accuser, he is also a fighter. A fighter for the cause, for the idea, for the truth. During the play between
Chatsky and society are having a kind of verbal duel in which each side defends its own opinion. In Famusov's society, Chatsky's ideas, his speeches and views remain misunderstood. Chatsky wants to express everything that has accumulated in his soul. Therefore, at a ball in Famusov's house, he turns all those gathered against him. Society, sensing this, overthrew him and ridiculed him. The entourage takes revenge on Chatsky for the truth that “stings his eyes”, for trying to break the usual way of life. The beloved girl, turning away from him, hurts the hero the most, spreading the rumor about his madness. Here is the paradox: the only sane person is declared insane. "So! I sobered up completely, ”Chatsky exclaims at the end of the play. What is it - an admission of defeat or insight? Yes, the end of this comedy is far from being cheerful, but Goncharov is right when he said this about the finale: “Chatsky is broken by the number old force, inflicting on her, in turn, a mortal blow with the quality of fresh strength. The role of all the Chatskys is “passive”, but at the same time always victorious. But they do not know about their victory, they only sow, and others reap.

But at the same time, if we consider Chatsky from a practical point of view, then he is defeated. Why? Yes, because he could not defend his ideals further, although if he firmly believed in them, he should have fought for them to the end. But he could not stand it, he left and thus gave the Famus society a reason to consider himself defeated. Everyone can leave. But in my opinion, this is an act of the weak. Strong man must remain, must gather around him progressive people who can oppose society. But there are such people, and they are mentioned in the comedy: cousin
Skalozuba, Prince Fedor and others. To live in society, no matter what, to fight all its vices - this is the act of the winner.

Chatsky? Winner or loser? The author of "Woe from Wit" Goncharov said about Chatsky that he was "... a winner, but an advanced warrior, skirmisher and always a victim." I think that right in these expressions the answer to the question posed earlier is contained. However, it is impossible to give an unambiguous answer to it, since the position of the author and the character of the hero himself are by nature ambiguous.

Chatsky is a hero who is always against everyone, and the outcome of the conflict is immediately foreseen. “Chatsky is broken by the amount of the old force,” Goncharov said so.

True at first sight love conflict this comedy is over, and the fall of the character in this story of his love feelings for Sophia is absolutely understandable.

However, on the other hand, the following question is brewing: is it possible to say that Chatsky's "escort" from Famusov's society is a victory over the character? Goncharov does not just introduce non-stage heroes into the work - Skalozub's brother, Prince Fyodor. Personalities like Chatsky condemn and do not accept the postulates of the "past century", trying to live in their own way and in a new way. But we see that in the future there will only be more of them, in the end they will overpower, because modern trends and views always win over the hardened and old. And therefore, it must be recognized that the conflict of such characters as Chatsky with "ancient" views is just emerging. Chatsky is "an advanced warrior, a skirmisher", and that's why he is "always a victim."

However, there are also psychological, internal grounds for the fact that Chatsky will be overthrown. His fervor and enthusiasm lead to the fact that given character did not realize Sophia's attitude towards him, did not take into account Molchalin, and could not even truly imagine the power of the repulse of the inveterate Famus society. Sometimes one gets the feeling that Chatsky does not want and will not understand this: this character suddenly finds that the guests do not notice him at all. Most likely, simply because it was easier to expel Chatsky, calling him crazy. It turns out that the loss of the protagonist of the work is also a warning of the author for those who want to change something, but underestimate the power of the opponent. And the life of the characters itself confirmed the fears of the author, which again shows the realism and truthfulness of this play.

However, I think that in this work there is a certain feeling of the future victory of Chatsky's forces. Famus Society the truth has cracked at the seams, and after Chatsky's departure there will be no peace and tranquility for the old Moscow men and women, because only one person crushed confidence in the steadfastness of their positions. Therefore, Chatsky can be considered both a winner and a loser.

Russian classical literature there are many heroes around whom controversy never ceases for a moment. These include Raskolnikov from "Crime and Punishment" by F. M. Dostoevsky, Bazarov from "Fathers and Sons" by I. S. Turgenev, Eugene Onegin from novel of the same name in the verses of A. S. Pushkin. All these characters are united by the fact that it is impossible to characterize them in only one way: they are neither positive nor negative, because they are truly alive, and therefore combine both one and the other. Today we will talk about such a hero as Chatsky. Defeated or winner - who is he, the main character of the comedy A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"

Briefly about the history of the creation of the work

The great comedy in verse was born back in 1825. This is the time it was first published. Its direct writing fell on the year 1822-1824. The reason for the creation of this work, in the style of classicism with the addition of elements of realism and romanticism then new to literature, turned out to be significant, and today can be clearly traced in the plot.

The fact is that Griboyedov, who returned from abroad in 1816 to St. Petersburg, was struck by the admiration of Russian society for the French. At one of the social events, Alexander Sergeevich could not stand it and burst into a fiery diatribe, because of which he was considered crazy. It was this rumor that served as an impetus for the creation of "Woe from Wit", the author of which wished to take revenge on the high society.

Initially, the comedy was called "Woe to the Wit", it did not yet have a scene with an explanation of Molchalin and Lisa, as well as a number of other episodes. In 1825, the first fragment was published in the almanac "Russian Thalia" - 7-10 acts of the first phenomenon, which were censored. The main text left to posterity is the one left by Griboyedov in 1828 before his trip to the Caucasus in St. Petersburg with a friend F.V. Bulgarin.

Today this authorized manuscript is called Bulgarinskaya. A.S. Griboyedov died tragically in 1829 in Tehran. This means that the author's manuscript of the work has not been preserved. Attempts to find her in Georgia in the 1940s and 60s ended in failure. By the way, full publication works, without abbreviations and exceptions, appeared in Russia, according to some sources, in 1862, according to others - in 1875.

Plot

In order to answer the question, who is Chatsky, the defeated or the winner, it is necessary to recall the plot of the comedy, its actors and main turning points. Summary four acts of the comedy is as follows: first, the reader gets acquainted with the house of Pavel Afanasyevich Famusov, an official who manages the state place. Here is the maid Liza, with whom Pavel Afanasyevich flirts, Famusov's daughter Sofya and Molchalin, his secretary. There is a connection between the last two, which the father does not approve of: he tells the secretary to know his place, walk away from the young girl's chambers and be grateful for the place and rank provided.

The usual course of life is disrupted by the arrival of Alexander Andreyevich Chatsky, a young man who used to be in love with Sophia, but then left to wander. As it turned out, he still has feelings for Famusov's daughter and, not knowing that she is in love with Molchalin, constantly teases the latter. This love triangle will be the engine of action throughout the comedy. The girl will be the one who will spread the news of Chatsky's madness, and everyone will take it at face value, because throughout the comedy main character will tell people the truth in the eye, reveal the vices and expose the unworthy behavior of secular society.

As a result, Chatsky will understand that Sophia loves Molchalin - this unworthy, ready to do anything for the sake of promotion, scoundrel. And it was she, the one whom he loved, who spread the ridiculous rumor about him. Deceived in his expectations and as if suddenly seeing the light, Chatsky gets into the carriage and is carried away from the hypocritical Moscow society - in search of such a part of the world, "where there is a corner for the offended feeling."

The image of Chatsky

Who is Chatsky? Loser or winner? It is not possible to find out without analyzing all the characteristics of the protagonist. This is a person who is positively intelligent, sharp-tongued, observant, active, witty. But his ability to think broadly eventually played against him, as the very title of the work indicates. Regardless of what Chatsky is like in the final (loser or winner), one cannot take away from him that he is honest and knows how to sincerely love.

Alexander Andreevich saw the world, learned, read many books, even knew the ministers, but broke up with them. Famusov notices that he writes and translates well. Bold, open, truthful, Chatsky is " new person”, capable of laying all the forces and means on the altar of his struggle for the idea. In this the hero's philosophy was very similar to life position its creator - Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov.

Why is Chatsky a winner?

Because throughout all the episodes, the reader sees his sparkling, brilliant, full of justified caustic statements addressed to the really unworthy, low people. Although Alexander Andreevich is alone and, in the face of Moscow society, opposes the whole world of lies, pretense, subservience to those in power, he still does not lose himself, does not step over his principles. The Molchalins, Skalozubs, Famusovs, Zagoretskys and others are not able to shake him. Because he is a priori higher and stronger than them due to the depth of his judgments, strength, freedom and independence of thought.

In fact, the reader becomes a witness of how a living passion, human honor and individuality in the conditions of a feudal system want to shake, break, correct. But the strong-willed character does not give in - he lives and, even if rejected, does not betray his convictions. So, in ideological and moral terms, it remains the winner.
This is one point of view. Is there a different position in Griboedov's comedy "Woe from Wit"? Chatsky: winner or loser? In fact, the answer has not yet been fully found.

Why is Chatsky defeated?

What will happen if you ask readers a question, who is Chatsky after all - the winner or the loser? The answer of one, the other and the third person will be completely different. The point of view according to which Chatsky lost as a result can be justified by the fact that he is still a victim by nature. The team, albeit unworthy, drives and does not accept him, the beloved girl does not see high quality character - only arrogance, anger and swagger.

The ending can also be an argument: Chatsky leaves, literally runs to "nowhere". He does not expect a happy ending, and this is the tragedy of his story. It is not the Moscow elite that defeats him. He himself is not able to adapt to a non-ideal world. Chatsky is forced to wander forever in the unknown, as if fleeing from himself. As a result, his talents, his honed mind, are wasted in vain, uselessly: he only "casts pearls before swine." And if he were a winner from beginning to end, would he not immediately understand that this was a disastrous business?

Main character quotes

Thus, if you take up the essay “Chatsky: the winner or the vanquished?”, briefly or completely, you can reveal both one and the other point of view. There is no consensus here. That is why this article began with the fact that inconsistency and diversity - characteristic many heroes of Russian classics. The main thing to do is to correlate the behavior of the character with their own views on life and, in accordance with them, argue the chosen position.

Regardless of who Chatsky is, the winner or the loser, the quotes of this hero will remain winged for a long time. For example:

• Blessed is he who believes, he is warm in the world!
• I would be glad to serve, it is sickening to serve.
• And who are the judges?

It was they who fixed the memory of A.S. Griboedov for centuries, as well as bestowed immortal life the main character of his comedy.

The comedy "Woe from Wit" holds itself somewhat apart in literature and is distinguished by a stronger vitality from other works of the word.
the main role in the comedy "Woe from Wit", of course, - the role of Chatsky, without which there would be no comedy, but there would, perhaps, be a picture of morals.
One might think that Griboyedov, out of paternal love for his hero, flattered him in the title, as if warning the reader that his hero is smart, and everyone else around him is stupid. But Chatsky is not only smarter than all other people, but also positively smart. His speech is full of wit. He has a heart, and besides, he is impeccably honest. However, many are perplexed about Chatsky: what is he?
Famusov says about Chatsky: "He writes and translates nicely." He, of course, did not travel without reason, studied, read, was in contact with the ministers, and got divorced - it is not difficult to guess why.
“I would be glad to serve - it’s sickening to serve!” he hints.
He loves seriously, seeing Sophia as a future wife.
Chatsky, and this is his mistake and tragedy, at first does not perceive Molchalin, does not see him as a worthy opponent. For Chatsky, Molchalin is a complete nonentity, "the most miserable creature." A.S. Pushkin wrote: “Among the masterful features of this charming comedy, Chatsky's incredulity in Sophia's love for Molchalin is charming! - and how natural! It was on him that the whole comedy was supposed to revolve ... ”
Griboedov's character traits and worldview were deeply reflected in the comedy Woe from Wit, primarily in the image of Chatsky. In this image, Griboedov first showed the “new man”. This is the image of a brave and implacable fighter for the cause, for the idea, for the truth.
Sad was the fate of such a lonely fighter as Chatsky is depicted, he is opposed to the world of the Famusovs, Skalozubs, Molchalins and Zagoretskys, with their petty goals and low aspirations.
Griboedov's comedy speaks of a person's grief, and this grief comes from his mind. The idea of ​​a person not just smart, but free-thinking was then associated with the concept of “smart”, “wise guy”. It is the mind of Chatsky in this broad and special sense that puts him outside the Famusovs, Molchalins, Skalozubs, Zagoretskys. deepest meaning Griboyedov's comedy lies in the fact that it shows how, in the conditions of a serf society, every independent thought, every living passion, every sincere feeling is doomed to persecution.
So who is Chatsky anyway? I believe that despite his position, despite his forced flight from Moscow, ideologically and morally, Chatsky remains the winner. This is confirmed by the words of I. A. Goncharov: “Chatsky is broken by the amount of the old force. He dealt her, in turn, a mortal blow with the quality of his strength. Chatsky is a winner, an advanced warrior, a skirmisher and always a victim.”

In Griboyedov's comedy, sooner or later, every reader is faced with the question of who is Chatsky in this work? And really, who is he? A man "deprived" of his beloved woman and defeated by public speculation, or independent hero who defended his truth to the end and avoided further humiliation?

This question cannot be answered unambiguously. Griboyedov shows the hero in the best light, with the most “correct” judgments in his opinion. However, Alexander himself becomes the initiator of his "tarnished" reputation when he enters into an argument first with, and later gives unflattering "reviews" about the environment in the presence of his "darling" Sophia.

The girl did not like the excessive aggressiveness of Chatsky. She reproaches the man for intemperance and words discrediting the "honor" of other people, and in retaliation assigns him the "title" of a madman. Rumor immediately spread the news about Alexander's "mental" illness. The man himself remained in the dark until the very end of the comedy.

In comedy, he really becomes a "hostage" of his own ambitions, radical views and a senseless struggle against the imperfection of humanity. He chose the tactics of attack, instead of correctly calculating all possible moves. Excessive openness played in this war, against himself.

If we judge the hero from moral and ethical views, then we can consider him a true winner. His behavior is very dignified, and life principles- certainly deserve respect. The man is smart, educated, does not shy away from difficulties and always speaks only the truth. His only drawback is tactlessness and arrogance towards others.

If we consider Chatsky on the basis of what happened, then he is certainly defeated. He is betrayed by his beloved girl, with whom he has been friends since childhood - she chose to choose Molchalin, considering him more sensitive, compliant and courteous. Alexander was impudently slandered, calling him crazy. He has no rank, no position, no huge fortune - therefore, he is not of particular interest in society. For Famusov's environment, he is incomprehensible, so they mock him, considering him "abnormal" in every way.

But he laughs best who laughs last. Griboyedov "administers" justice to Sophia, revealing to her the secret desires of Molchalin. The girl learns about his indifference to himself and passionate love for the maid Lisa. The deception and betrayal of the "beloved" practically breaks her heart. Famusova, recalling the words of Chatsky, bitterly realizes that he was absolutely right about Molchalin. She completely repents for her evil "joke", which has become a "fatal sentence" for a man in society.

But Alexander, having learned the truth, does not forgive Sophia. Moreover, he wishes the girl to make peace with her father's secretary, believing that this person is the most suitable candidate for her. Thus, Griboyedov shows that Chatsky's pride is crushed, he is humiliated, insulted, but still tries to get out of the situation with dignity.