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Analogies in the "captain's daughter" and the real events of the Pugachev region. Analogies in the "captain's daughter" and the real events of the Pugachev region What is the captain's daughter based on

The history of the creation of the work "The Captain's Daughter"

The topic of popular uprisings led by Razin and Pugachev interested Pushkin as early as 1824, shortly after his arrival in Mikhailovskoye. In the first half of November 1824, in a letter to his brother Leo, he asked to send him "The Life of Emelka Pugachev" (Pushkin, vol. 13, p. 119). Pushkin had in mind the book "False Peter III, or Life, character and atrocities of the rebel Emelka Pugachev" (Moscow, 1809). In the next letter to his brother, Pushkin writes: “Ah! Oh my god, I almost forgot! Here is your task: historical, dry news about Senka Razin, the only poetic person in Russian history ”(Pushkin, vol. 13, p. 121). In Mikhailovsky, Pushkin processed folk songs about Razin.
The poet's interest in the topic was also due to the fact that the second half of the 1820s was marked by a wave of peasant indignations, the unrest did not bypass the Pskov region, where Pushkin lived until the autumn of 1826 and where he repeatedly visited later. The peasant unrest of the late 1820s created an alarming situation.
On September 17, 1832, Pushkin left for Moscow, where P.V. Nashchokin told him about litigation Belarusian nobleman Ostrovsky; this story formed the basis of the story "Dubrovsky"; the idea of a story about a Pugachev nobleman was temporarily abandoned - Pushkin returned to it at the end of January 1833. During these years, the poet actively collected historical material for future book: worked in the archives, visited places associated with the Pugachev uprising. As a result, a book about Pugachev was created simultaneously with The Captain's Daughter. Work on The History of Pugachev helped Pushkin to realize his artistic vision: The Captain's Daughter was roughly finished on July 23, 1836. Pushkin, not entirely satisfied with the original version, rewrote the book. On October 19, The Captain's Daughter was rewritten to the end, and on October 24 it was sent to the censor. Pushkin asked the censor, PA. Korsakov, not to disclose the secret of his authorship, intending to publish the story anonymously. The Captain's Daughter appeared on December 22, 1836 in the fourth issue of the Sovremennik magazine.

Genus, genre, creative method

Pushkin probably chose the title for his work only in the autumn of 1836, when the manuscript was sent by the writer to the censors; Until that time, when referring to The Captain's Daughter in his letters, Pushkin called his story simply a novel. To this day, there is no consensus on the definition of the genre of The Captain's Daughter. The work is called both a novel, and a story, and a family chronicle. As mentioned above, the poet himself considered his work a novel. Later, researchers came to the conclusion that "The Captain's Daughter" is a story. In form, these are memoirs - notes by old Grinev, in which he recalls a story that happened in his youth - a family chronicle intertwined with historical events. So, the genre of The Captain's Daughter can be defined as a historical novel in memoir form. It is no coincidence that Pushkin turned to the memoir form. Firstly, the memoirs gave the work the color of the era; secondly, they helped to avoid censorship difficulties.
Documentary is obvious in the work, its heroes are real-life people: Catherine II, Pugachev, his associates Khlopusha and Beloborodoe. At the same time, historical events are refracted through the fate of fictional characters. A love affair appears. Artistic fiction, the complexity of the composition and the construction of characters make it possible to attribute Pushkin's work to the genre of the novel.
The Captain's Daughter is a realistic work, although not without some features of romanticism. The realism of the novel lies in the objective depiction of historical events associated with the Pugachev uprising, depicting the realities of life and life of the nobility, ordinary Russian people, serfs. romantic traits appear in episodes related to the love line of the novel. The plot itself is romantic.

Subject of the analyzed work

There are two main problems in The Captain's Daughter. These are socio-historical and moral problems. Pushkin wanted, first of all, to show how the fate of the heroes of the story developed, who fell into the cycle of historical upheavals. The problem of the people and the problem of the Russian national character. The problem of the people is embodied through the ratio of the images of Pugachev and Savelich, through the image of the characters of the inhabitants Belogorsk fortress.
The proverb, taken by Pushkin as an epigraph to the whole story, draws the reader's attention to the ideological and moral content of the work: one of the most important problems of The Captain's Daughter is the problem moral education, the formation of the personality of Peter Andreevich Grinev, the protagonist of the story. The epigraph is an abbreviated version of the Russian proverb: "Take care of the dress again, and honor from youth." Grinev the father recalls this proverb in full, admonishing his son, who is leaving for the army. The problem of honor and duty is revealed through the opposition of Grinev and Shvabrin. Different facets of this problem are reflected in the images of Captain Mironov, Vasilisa Yegorovna, Masha Mironova and other characters.
The problem of the moral education of a young man of his time deeply worried Pushkin; with particular acuteness, she stood before the writer after the defeat of the Decembrist uprising, which in Pushkin's mind was perceived as a tragic denouement of the life path of his best contemporaries. The accession of Nicholas I led to a sharp change in the moral "climate" noble society, to oblivion of the educational traditions of the XVIII century. Under these conditions, Pushkin felt an urgent need to compare the moral experience of different generations, to show the continuity between them. Pushkin contrasts the representatives of the "new nobility" with people who are morally whole, not affected by the thirst for ranks, orders and profit.
One of the most important moral problems of the novel - the personality at the turning points of history - remains relevant today. The writer raised the question: is it possible to preserve honor and dignity in the struggle of opposing social forces? And he answered it at a high artistic level. Maybe!

A well-known researcher of creativity A.S. Pushkin Yu.M. Lotman wrote: “The entire artistic fabric of The Captain's Daughter is clearly divided into two ideological and stylistic layers, subordinate to the image of the worlds - noble and peasant. It would be an unacceptable simplification, preventing penetration into Pushkin’s true intention, to consider that the noble world is depicted in the story only satirically, and the peasant world only sympathetically, as well as to assert that everything poetic in the noble camp belongs, according to Pushkin, not specifically to the noble, but nationwide beginning.
In the author's ambiguous attitude to the uprising and Pugachev himself, as well as to Grinev and other characters, lies ideological orientation novel. Pushkin could not have a positive attitude towards the cruelty of the rebellion ("God forbid to see the Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless!"), although he understood that the people's desire for freedom and freedom is manifested in the uprising. Pugachev, for all his cruelty, in the image of Pushkin is sympathetic. He is shown as a man of wide soul, not devoid of mercy. In the storyline of love between Grinev and Masha Mironova, the author presented the ideal of selfless love.

Main heroes

N.V. Gogol wrote that in The Captain's Daughter “truly Russian characters appeared for the first time: a simple commandant of a fortress, a captain, a lieutenant; the fortress itself with a single cannon, the stupidity of time and the simple grandeur ordinary people everything is not only the very truth, but also, as it were, better than it.
The system of characters in the work is based on the presence or absence of the spiritual victorious principle in a person. Thus, the principle of confrontation between good, light, love, truth and evil, darkness, hatred, lies is reflected in the novel in the contrasting distribution of the main characters. Grinev and Marya Ivanovna are in the same circle; in the other, Pugachev and Shvabrin.
The central figure in the novel is Pugachev. All the storylines of Pushkin's work converge to him. Pugachev in the image of Pushkin is a talented leader of a spontaneous popular movement, he embodies a bright national character. He can be both cruel and scary, and fair and grateful. His attitude towards Grinev and Masha Mironova is indicative. The elements of the popular movement captured Pugachev, the motives of his actions are embedded in the morality of the Kalmyk fairy tale, which he tells Grinev: “... than to eat carrion for three hundred years, better time drink living blood, and then what God will give!”
In comparison with Pugachev, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev is a fictional character. The name of Grinev (in the draft version he was called Bu-lanin) was not chosen by chance. In government documents relating to the Pugachev rebellion, Grinev's name was listed among those who were at first under suspicion and then acquitted. Coming from an impoverished noble family, Petrusha Grinev at the beginning of the story is a vivid example of an undergrowth, treated kindly and loved by his family. Circumstances military service contribute to the maturation of Grinev, in the future he appears as a decent person, capable of bold deeds.
“The name of the girl Mironova,” Pushkin wrote on October 25, 1836, to the PA censor Korsakov, “is fictitious. My novel is based on a legend, which I once heard, that one of the officers who betrayed his duty and joined the Pugachev gangs was pardoned by the Empress at the request of her elderly father, who threw himself at her feet. The novel, as you will see, has gone far from the truth. Having settled on the title "The Captain's Daughter", Pushkin emphasized the importance of the image of Marya Ivanovna Mironova in the novel. The captain's daughter is depicted as something bright, young and pure. Behind this appearance shines through the heavenly purity of the soul. Its main content inner world- Complete trust in God. Throughout the entire novel, there is never even a hint of not only a rebellion, but also a doubt about the correctness or justice of what is happening. So, this is most clearly manifested in Masha's refusal to marry a loved one against the will of his parents: “Your relatives do not want me in their family. Be in everything the will of the Lord! God knows better than we what we need. There is nothing to do, Pyotr Andreevich; at least be happy..." Masha united in herself best qualities Russian national character - faith, the ability to sincere self-sacrificing love. She is a vivid, memorable image, Pushkin's "sweet ideal".
In search of a hero for historical narrative, Pushkin turned his attention to the figure of Shvanvich, a nobleman who served Pugachev; in the final version of the story, this historical person, with a significant change in the motives for his transition to the side of Pugachev, turned into Shvabrin. This character absorbed all sorts of negative characteristics, the main of which is presented in the definition of Vasilisa Yegorovna, given by her when reprimanding Grinev for the duel: “Peter Andreevich! I didn't expect this from you. How are you not ashamed? Good Alexei Ivanovich: he was discharged from the guards for murder, and he does not believe in the Lord God; and what are you? are you going there?" The captain accurately pointed out the essence of the confrontation between Shvabrin and Grinev: the godlessness of the first, which dictates all the meanness of his behavior, and the faith of the second, which is the basis of worthy behavior and good deeds. His feeling for the captain's daughter is a passion that revealed in him all the worst properties and traits: ignobleness, meanness of nature, bitterness.

The place of secondary characters in the system of images

An analysis of the work shows that the relatives and friends of Grinev and Masha play an important role in the system of characters. This is Andrei Petrovich Grinev, the father of the protagonist. Representative of the ancient nobility, a man of high moral principles. It is he who sends his son to the army to "sniff the gunpowder". Next to him in life is his wife and mother Peter - Avdotya Vasilievna. She is the epitome of kindness and motherly love. The serf Savelich (Arkhip Savelyev) can rightfully be attributed to the Grinev family. He is a caring uncle, Peter's teacher, who selflessly accompanies the pupil in all his adventures. Savelich showed particular courage in the scene of the execution of the defenders of the Belogorsk fortress. The image of Savelich reflected a typical image of the upbringing that was given at that time to the sons of landowners who lived in their villages.
Captain Ivan Kuzmich Mironov, commandant of the Belogorsk Fortress, is an honest and kind man. He bravely fights against the rebels, protecting the fortress, and with it his family. Captain Mironov fulfilled his soldier's duty with honor, giving his life for the fatherland. The fate of the captain was shared by his wife Vasilisa Yegorovna, hospitable and power-hungry, cordial and courageous.
Some characters in the novel have historical prototypes. This is primarily Pugachev and Catherine II. Then Pugachev's associates: Corporal Beloborodoe, Afanasy Sokolov (Khlopusha).

Plot and composition

The plot of The Captain's Daughter is based on the fate of the young officer Pyotr Grinev, who managed to remain kind and humane in difficult historical circumstances. The love story of the relationship between Grinev and Masha Mironova, the daughter of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress, takes place during the Pugachev uprising (1773-1774). Pugachev is the link of all storylines novel.
There are fourteen chapters in The Captain's Daughter. The whole novel and each chapter is preceded by an epigraph, there are seventeen of them in the novel. In the epigraphs, the reader's attention is focused on the most important episodes, the author's position is determined. The epigraph to the whole novel: "Take care of honor from a young age" - defines the main moral problem of the whole work is a problem of honor and dignity. The events are presented in memoir form on behalf of the aged Pyotr Grinev. At the end last chapter the narration is conducted by the "publisher", behind whom Pushkin himself is hiding. Final words"publisher" are the epilogue of "The Captain's Daughter".
The first two chapters are an exposition of the story and introduce readers to the main characters - the bearers of the ideals of the nobility and peasant worlds. Ironically, the story about Grinev's family and upbringing plunges us into the world of the old local nobility. The description of the life of the Grinevs resurrects the atmosphere of that noble culture that gave rise to the cult of duty, honor and humanity. Petrush was brought up by deep ties with ancestral roots, reverence family traditions. The description of the life of the Mironov family in the Belogorsk fortress in the first three chapters of the main part of the narrative is permeated with the same atmosphere: "Fortress", "Duel", "Love".
The seven chapters of the main part, which tell about life in the Belogorsk fortress, are important for the development of the love storyline. The plot of this line is the acquaintance of Petrusha with Masha Mironova, in a collision because of her, Grinev and Shvabrin develop an action, and a declaration of love between the wounded Grinev and Masha is the culmination of the development of their relationship. However, the heroes' romance comes to a standstill after a letter from Grinev's father, who refuses his son's consent to marriage. The events that prepared the way out of the love impasse are narrated in the chapter "Pugachevshchina".
In the plot construction of the novel are clearly indicated as love line, and historical events, closely intertwined. The chosen plot and compositional structure of the work allows Pushkin to most fully reveal the personality of Pugachev, comprehend the popular uprising, using the example of Grinev and Masha, to turn to the basic moral values of the Russian national character.

Artistic originality of the work

One of the general principles of Russian prose before Pushkin was its rapprochement with poetry. Pushkin refused such a rapprochement. Pushkin's prose is distinguished by brevity and plot-compositional clarity. In recent years, the poet was worried about a certain number of problems: the role of the individual in history, the relationship between the nobility and the people, the problem of the old and new nobility. The literature that preceded Pushkin created a certain, often one-linear type of hero, in which some one passion dominated. Pushkin rejects such a hero and creates his own. Pushkin's hero is, first of all, a living person with all his passions; moreover, Pushkin defiantly refuses to romantic hero. He introduces the average person as the main character into the artistic world, which makes it possible to reveal the special, typical features of a particular era, situation. At the same time, Pushkin deliberately slows down the development of the plot, using a complicated composition, the image of the narrator, and other artistic devices.

So, in The Captain's Daughter, a "publisher" appears, who, on behalf of the author, expresses his attitude to what is happening. Author's position It is indicated by various techniques: parallelism in the development of storylines, composition, system of images, titles of chapters, selection of epigraphs and inserted elements, mirror comparison of episodes, verbal portrait of the heroes of the novel.
Important for Pushkin was the question of the style and language of a prose work. In the note “On the reasons that slowed down the progress of our literature,” he wrote: “Our prose has not yet been processed so little that even in simple correspondence we are forced to create turns of words to explain the most ordinary concepts ...” Thus, Pushkin was faced with the task of creating a new prose language. Distinguishing properties Pushkin himself defined such a language in his note “On Prose”: “Accuracy and brevity are the first virtues of prose. It requires thoughts and thoughts - without them, brilliant expressions are of no use. Such was the prose of Pushkin himself. Simple two-part sentences, without complex syntactic formations, a negligible number of metaphors and precise epithets - such is the style of Pushkin's prose. Here is an excerpt from The Captain's Daughter, typical of Pushkin's prose: “Pugachev has left. For a long time I looked at the white steppe, along which his troika was rushing. The people dispersed. Shvabrin disappeared. I returned to the priest's house. Everything was ready for our departure; I didn't want to delay any longer." Pushkin's prose was accepted by his contemporaries without much interest, but Gogol, Dostoevsky and Turgenev grew out of it in the further development.
The peasant way of life in the novel is covered with special poetry: songs, fairy tales, legends permeate the whole atmosphere of the story about the people. The text contains a burlak song and a Kalmyk folk tale, in which Pugachev explains his philosophy of life to Grinev.
An important place in the novel is occupied by proverbs, which reflect the originality of folk thought. Researchers have repeatedly paid attention to the role of proverbs and riddles in the characterization of Pugachev. But other characters from the people also speak proverbs. Savelyich writes in a reply to the master: "... be a good fellow, do not reproach: a horse with four legs, but stumbles."

Meaning

"The Captain's Daughter" - the final work of Pushkin as in the genre fiction and in all creativity. And indeed, in this work, many of Pushkin's exciting thoughts came together throughout for long years themes, problems, ideas; means and ways of their artistic embodiment; basic principles creative method; author's assessment and ideological position on the key concepts of human existence and the world.
Being a historical novel, including real concrete historical material (events, historical persons), The Captain's Daughter contains in a concentrated form the formulation and solution of socio-historical, psychological, moral and religious issues. The novel was ambiguously received by Pushkin's contemporaries and played a decisive role in the further development of Russian literary prose.
One of the first reviews written after the publication of The Captain's Daughter belongs to V.F. Odoevsky and is dated approximately December 26 of the same year. “You know everything that I think about you and feel for you,” Odoevsky writes to Pushkin, “but here is criticism not in artistic, but in reading terms: Pugachev attacks the fortress too soon after he is first spoken about; the increase in rumors is not quite extended - the reader does not have time to be afraid for the inhabitants of the Belogorsk fortress, when it has already been taken. Apparently, Odoevsky was struck by the brevity of the narrative, the unexpectedness and speed of the plot twists, the compositional dynamism, which, as a rule, were not characteristic of historical works of that time. Odoevsky praised the image of Savelich, calling him "the most tragic face." Pugachev, from his point of view, is “wonderful; it is masterfully drawn. Shvabrin is sketched beautifully, but only sketched; it is difficult for the reader's teeth to chew through his transition from a guard officer to Pugachev's accomplices.<...>Shvabrin is too smart and subtle to believe in the possibility of Pugachev's success, and is displeased with passion to decide on such a thing out of love for Masha. Masha has been in his power for so long, but he does not use these minutes. For the time being Shvabrin has a lot of moral and miraculous things for me; Maybe when I read it for the third time, I'll understand better. The sympathetic positive characteristics of The Captain's Daughter, which belong to V.K. Kuchelbecker, P.A. Katenin, P.A. Vyazemsky, A.I. Turgenev.
“... This whole story “The Captain's Daughter” is a miracle of art. Don't subscribe to it Pushkin, and you really might think that it was actually written by some old man, eyewitness and the hero of the events described, the story is so naive and artless, so that in this miracle of art, art, as it were, disappeared, was lost, came to nature ... ”- wrote F.M. Dostoevsky.
What is the Captain's Daughter? Everyone knows that this is one of the most precious assets of our literature. By the simplicity and purity of its poetry, this work is equally accessible, equally attractive to adults and children. On The Captain's Daughter (just like on S. Aksakov's Family Chronicle) Russian children educate their mind and their feelings, because teachers, without any extraneous instructions, find that there is no book in our literature more understandable and entertaining and at the same time, so serious in content and high in creativity,” N.N. expressed his opinion. Strakhov.
The later response of the writer V.A. adjoins the reviews of Pushkin’s literary associates. Sollogub: “There is a work by Pushkin, little appreciated, little noticed, but in which, however, he expressed all his knowledge, all his artistic convictions. This is the story of the Pugachev rebellion. In the hands of Pushkin, on the one hand, there were dry documents, the topic was ready. On the other hand, pictures of a daring robber life, Russian former life, the Volga expanse, steppe nature could not help but smile at his imagination. Here the didactic and lyrical poet had an inexhaustible source for descriptions, for impulses. But Pushkin overcame himself. He did not allow himself to deviate from the connection of historical events, did not utter an extra word - he calmly distributed all the parts of his story in due proportion, approved his style with the dignity, calmness and laconicism of history and conveyed simply, but harmonic language historical episode. In this work it is impossible not to see how the artist could control his talent, but it was also impossible for the poet to keep the excess of his personal feelings, and they poured out in the Captain's daughter, they gave her color, fidelity, charm, completeness, to which Pushkin had never exalted in the integrity of his works.

This is interesting

The problems posed by Pushkin in The Captain's Daughter remained unresolved. This is what attracts more than one generation of artists and musicians to the novel. Based on the work of Pushkin, a picture was painted by V.G. Perov "Pugachevshchina" (1879). The illustrations of The Captain's Daughter by M.V. Nesterov (“The Siege”, “Pugachev freeing Masha from the claims of Shvabrin”, etc.) and watercolors by SV. Ivanova. In 1904, AN illustrated The Captain's Daughter. Be-nua. The scenes of Pugachev's trial in the Belogorsk fortress were interpreted by various artists, among them famous names: An. Benois (1920), A. F. Pakhomov (1944), M. S. Rodionov (1949), S. Gerasimov (1951), P. L. Bunin, AAPlastov, S. V. Ivanov (1960s. ). In 1938, N.V. worked on illustrations for the novel. Favorsky. In a series of 36 watercolors for The Captain's Daughter, SV. Gerasimov, the image of Pugachev is given in development. A mysterious figure in an inn, a multi-figure spread, a court in the Belogorsk fortress - the center of the artistic solution of the work of AS. Pushkin and a series of watercolors. One of the contemporary illustrators of Pushkin's novel is DA Shmarinov (1979).
More than 1000 composers turned to the poet's work; about 500 Pushkin's works (poetry, prose, drama) formed the basis of more than 3000 musical works. The story "The Captain's Daughter" served as the basis for the creation of operas by CA Cui and SA Katz, V.I. Rebikov, opera designs by M.P. Mussorgsky and P.I. Tchaikovsky, ballet N.N. Tcherepnin, film scores and theatrical performances G.N. Dudkevich, V.A. Dekhterev, V.N. Kryukova, S.S. Prokofiev, T.N. Khrennikov.
(According to the book "Pushkin in Music" - M., 1974)

Good DD Pushkin's skill. M., 1955.
Lotman Yum. In the school of poetry. Pushkin. Lermontov. Gogol. M., 1998.
Lotman Yum. Pushkin. SPb., 1995.
Oksman Yu.G. Pushkin in his work on the novel "The Captain's Daughter". M., 1984.
Tsvetaeva MM. Prose. M., 1989.

Historical events in the story of A.S. Pushkin " captain's daughter»

The story of A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" (1836) is based on real historical events. It describes the uprising of Yemelyan Pugachev. The narration in this work is conducted on behalf of the nobleman Pyotr Grinev. The main part of The Captain's Daughter is a description of the hero's life in the Belogorsk fortress, where he was sent to serve.

Grinev got into this fortress at the age of sixteen. Prior to that, he lived in his father's house under the supervision of loving father and in all his mother who takes care of him: "I lived underage, chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with the yard boys." We can say that, once in the fortress, Grinev was still a child. The Belogorsk fortress played the role of a cruel educator in his fate. Coming out of its walls, Grinev was a fully formed personality with his own views and beliefs, moral values and the ability to defend them.

The first striking event that influenced Grinev's personality was his love for the daughter of the commandant of the fortress, Masha Mironova. The hero admits that at first Masha did not like him. Another officer who served in the fortress, Shvabrin, told a lot of unpleasant things about her. But over time, Grinev became convinced that Masha was "a reasonable and prudent girl." He became more and more attached to her. Once, having heard insulting words about his beloved from Shvabrin, Grinev could not restrain himself.

Despite all the resistance of the commandant and his wife, the rivals secretly fought with swords. Shvabrin dishonorably wounded Pyotr Grinev when he turned away at Savelich's cry. After this event, Grinev and Masha were convinced that they loved each other, and decided to get married. But Peter's parents did not give their consent. Shvabrin secretly wrote to them and said that Grinev fought a duel and was even wounded.

After that, the characters began to feel great dislike for each other. Although at first Grinev most of all agreed with Shvabrin. This officer was closest to the hero in terms of education, interests, mental development.

There was one thing between them, but the fundamental difference was in the moral level. This Grinev began to notice gradually. First, according to unworthy men reviews about Masha. As it turned out later, Shvabrin was simply taking revenge on the girl for refusing his courtship. But all the meanness of the nature of this hero was revealed during the climactic events of the story: the capture of the fortress by Pugachev and his associates. Shvabrin, who swore allegiance to the empress, without hesitation went over to the side of the rebels. Moreover, he became one of their leaders there. Shvabrin coolly watched the execution of the commandant and his wife, who treated him so well. Taking advantage of his power and Masha's helplessness, this "hero" kept her and wanted to forcefully marry the girl. Only the intervention of Grinev and the mercy of Pugachev saved Masha from this fate.

Grinev, without knowing it, met with Pugachev even outside the walls of the Belogorsk fortress. This "man" brought them out of the snowstorm with Savelich, for which he received a hare sheepskin coat as a gift from Grinev. This gift largely determined Pugachev's good attitude towards the hero in the future. In the Belogorsk fortress, Grinev defended the name of the empress. A sense of duty did not allow him to recognize the sovereign in Pugachev, even under pain of death. He frankly tells the impostor that he is joking " dangerous joke". In addition, Grinev admits that if necessary, he will go to fight against Pugachev.

Seeing all the atrocities committed by the impostor, Grinev treated him like a villain. In addition, he learned that Shvabrin was becoming the commandant of the fortress, and Masha would be at his complete disposal. Leaving for Orenburg, the hero left his heart in the fortress. Soon he returned there to help Masha. Unwillingly communicating with Pugachev, Grinev changes his mind about the impostor. He begins to see in him a person who has human feelings: gratitude, compassion, fun, fear, apprehension. Grinev saw that Pugachev had a lot of feigned, artificial things. In public, he played the role of the sovereign-emperor. Left alone with Grinev, Pugachev showed himself as a man, told Peter his philosophy of life, enclosed in a Kalmyk fairy tale. Grinev cannot understand and accept this philosophy. For him, a nobleman and an officer, it is not clear how one can live, killing people and committing all kinds of atrocities. For Pugachev human life means very little. For an impostor, the main thing is to achieve his goal, no matter what the victims.

Pugachev became a benefactor for Grinev, a kind of godfather, because he saved Masha from Shvabrin and allowed the lovers to leave the fortress. But even this could not bring him closer to Grinev: too different life philosophies these heroes had.

The Belogorsk fortress and the events that were associated with it played a key role in the life of Pyotr Grinev. Here the hero met his love. Here, under the influence of terrible events, he matured, matured, and established himself in his devotion to the empress. Here Grinev passed the "strength test" and withstood it with honor. In addition, in the Belogorsk fortress, Grinev witnessed events that shook the whole country. The meeting with Pugachev concerned not only him. Grinev participated in an important historical event and with dignity passed through all the tests. It can be said about him that he "kept honor from a young age."

In this novel, Pushkin returned to those collisions, to those conflicts that disturbed him in Dubrovsky, but resolved them differently.

Now in the center of the novel is a popular movement, a popular revolt led by a real historical figure - Emelyan Pugachev. In it historical movement by force of circumstances, the nobleman Pyotr Grinev is involved. If in "Dubrovsky" the nobleman becomes the head of the peasant indignation, then in "The Captain's Daughter" the leader people's war turns out to be a man from the people - Cossack Pugachev. There is no alliance between the nobles and the rebellious Cossacks, peasants, foreigners, Grinev and Pugachev are social enemies. They are in different camps, but fate brings them together from time to time, and they treat each other with respect and trust. First, Grinev, not allowing Pugachev to freeze in the Orenburg steppes, warmed his soul with a hare sheepskin coat, then Pugachev saved Grinev from execution and helped him in matters of the heart. So, fictional historical figures are placed by Pushkin in a real historical canvas, they became participants in a powerful popular movement and history makers.

Pushkin made extensive use of historical sources, archival documents and visited the places of the Pugachev rebellion, visiting the Trans-Volga region, Kazan, Orenburg, Uralsk. He made his narrative exceptionally reliable by writing documents similar to the real ones and including in them quotations from genuine papers, for example, from Pugachev's appeals, considering them amazing examples of folk eloquence.

A significant role was played in Pushkin's work on The Captain's Daughter and the testimonies of his acquaintances about the Pugachev uprising. Poet I.I. Dmitriev told Pushkin about the execution of Pugachev in Moscow, the fabulist I.A. Krylov - about the war and the besieged Orenburg (his father, a captain, fought on the side of government troops, and he and his mother were in Orenburg), merchant L.F. Krupenikov - about being in Pugachev's captivity. Pushkin heard and wrote down legends, songs, stories from the old-timers of those places through which the uprising swept.

Before the historical movement captured and swirled in a terrible storm of cruel events of the rebellion of the fictional heroes of the story, Pushkin vividly and lovingly describes the life of the Grinev family, the unlucky Beaupre, faithful and devoted Savelich, Captain Mironov, his wife Vasilisa Yegorovna, daughter Masha and the entire population of the dilapidated fortress. The simple, inconspicuous life of these families, with their old patriarchal way of life, is also Russian history, going on invisibly to prying eyes. It is done quietly, "at home". Therefore, it should be described in the same way. Walter Scott served as an example of such an image for Pushkin. Pushkin admired his ability to present history through life, customs, family traditions.

In KD, all Pushkin's illusions about a possible peace between the nobles and peasants collapsed, the tragic situation was exposed with even more obviousness than before. And the more clearly and responsibly the task arose of finding a positive answer, resolving the tragic contradiction. To this end, Pushkin skillfully organizes the plot. The novel, the core of which is the love story of Masha Mironova and Pyotr Grinev, has turned into a wide historical narrative. This principle - from private destinies to the historical destinies of the people - permeates the plot of The Captain's Daughter, and it can be easily seen in every significant episode.

"The Captain's Daughter" has become a truly historical work, saturated with modern social content. Heroes and secondary persons are displayed in Pushkin's work as multilateral characters. Pushkin does not have only positive or only negative characters. Everyone acts as a living person with his inherent good and bad features, which are manifested primarily in actions. Fictional characters are associated with historical figures and are included in the historical movement. It was the course of history that determined the actions of the heroes, forging their difficult fate.

Thanks to the principle of historicism (the unstoppable movement of history, striving towards infinity, containing many trends and opening up new horizons), neither Pushkin nor his heroes succumb to despondency in the most gloomy circumstances, they do not lose faith in either personal or general happiness. Pushkin finds the ideal in reality and thinks of its realization in the course of historical process. He dreams that in the future there will be no social stratification and social discord. This will become possible when humanism, humanity will be the basis of state policy.

Pushkin's heroes appear in the novel from two sides: as people, that is, in their universal human and national qualities, and as characters playing social roles, i.e. in their social and public functions.

Grinev is both an ardent young man who received a patriarchal upbringing at home, and an ordinary undergrowth, who gradually becomes an adult and courageous warrior, and a nobleman, officer, "servant of the king", faithful to the laws of honor; Pugachev is both an ordinary peasant, not alien to natural feelings, in the spirit of folk traditions protecting an orphan, and a cruel leader of a peasant rebellion, who hates nobles and officials.

In each character, Pushkin discovers the truly human and social. Each camp has its own social truth, and both these truths are irreconcilable. But each camp is characterized by humanity. If social truths separate people, then humanity unites them. Where the social and moral laws of any camp operate, the human shrinks and disappears.

Pushkin, however, is not a utopian; he does not portray the matter as if the cases he described have become the norm. On the contrary, they did not become a reality, but their triumph, even in the distant future, is possible. Pushkin refers to those times, continuing the important theme in his work of mercy and justice, when humanity becomes the law of human existence. In the present tense, a sad note sounds, amending the bright story. Pushkin's heroes– as soon as big events leave with historical scene, the cute characters of the novel also become invisible, getting lost in the flow of life. They touched historical life only for a short time. However, sadness does not wash away Pushkin's confidence in the course of history, in the victory of humanity.

Grinev got into this fortress at the age of sixteen. Before that, he lived in his father's house under the supervision of a loving father and mother who took care of him in everything: "I lived underage, chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with the yard boys." We can say that, once in the fortress, Grinev was still a child. The Belogorsk fortress played the role of a cruel educator in his fate. Coming out of its walls, Grinev was a fully formed personality with his own views and beliefs, moral values and the ability to defend them.

Grinev, without knowing it, met with Pugachev even outside the walls of the Belogorsk fortress. This "man" brought them out of the snowstorm with Savelich, for which he received a hare sheepskin coat as a gift from Grinev. This gift largely determined Pugachev's good attitude towards the hero in the future. In the Belogorsk fortress, Grinev defended the name of the empress. A sense of duty did not allow him to recognize the sovereign in Pugachev, even under pain of death. He candidly tells the impostor that he is playing a "dangerous joke". In addition, Grinev admits that if necessary, he will go to fight against Pugachev.

Seeing all the atrocities committed by the impostor, Grinev treated him like a villain. In addition, he learned that Shvabrin was becoming the commandant of the fortress, and Masha would be at his complete disposal. Leaving for Orenburg, the hero left his heart in the fortress. Soon he returned there to help Masha. Unwillingly communicating with Pugachev, Grinev changes his mind about the impostor. He begins to see in him a person who has human feelings: gratitude, compassion, fun, fear, apprehension. Grinev saw that Pugachev had a lot of feigned, artificial things. In public, he played the role of the sovereign-emperor. Left alone with Grinev, Pugachev showed himself as a man, told Peter his philosophy of life, enclosed in a Kalmyk fairy tale. Grinev cannot understand and accept this philosophy. For him, a nobleman and an officer, it is not clear how one can live, killing people and committing all kinds of atrocities. For Pugachev, human life means very little. For an impostor, the main thing is to achieve his goal, no matter what the victims.

The Belogorsk fortress and the events that were associated with it played a key role in the life of Pyotr Grinev. Here the hero met his love. Here, under the influence of terrible events, he matured, matured, and established himself in his devotion to the empress. Here Grinev passed the "strength test" and withstood it with honor. In addition, in the Belogorsk fortress, Grinev witnessed events that shook the whole country. The meeting with Pugachev concerned not only him. Grinev participated in an important historical event and passed through all the trials with dignity. It can be said about him that he "kept honor from a young age."

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/ Works / Pushkin A.S. / The Captain's Daughter / The Belogorsk Fortress in the life of Pyotr Grinev (based on the story by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter").

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My impressions of the story "The Captain's Daughter"

Not so long ago I read the story of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter. In that small message, I would like to briefly talk about the work itself, as well as how it made me feel.

Petr Grinev is main character the story around which the whole story revolves. It all started with the fact that his father wants to send him to serve in St. Petersburg, but changes his decision, and our main character goes to serve in the Belogorsk fortress. What can I say, the first impression of the place where he was sent to serve was far from the best.

Life there seemed to him not at all as attractive as in stately St. Petersburg, however, things got really bad when, expecting to see a real fortress there with towers and high walls, he saw only a village surrounded wooden fence. However, over time, attitudes began to change. They took him in the village as a native, at first he seemed an extremely unpleasant person, the commandant, suddenly turned out to be pleasant, and his daughter was very good-looking.

He immediately became friends with Shvabrin, both of them were glad for each other, as very educated natures. However, soon their relationship to each other worsened, the reason for this was Shvabrin's jealousy. And he was jealous of Maria, the daughter of the commandant, to Grinev. Everything came to a duel with swords, in which the main character was injured. However, this event was the occasion for the beginning of a relationship between Mary and Peter.

Relations developed, Grinev invited Maria to marry him, she agreed, but she could not go out without the consent of her parents. Together they wrote a letter that, according to the bride, was capable of “moving to pity even the most severe person,” but ... Disagreement. Peter was morally broken.

Time passed, and in the end, after a series of events, the Pugachevites attacked the fortress. The whole village was killed, and at the very end, when Grinev got the opportunity to appear before Pugachev, he recognized him. It was their leader who, during a snowstorm, accompanied them to the inn. Peter was pardoned.

From this whole story, the main character learned a lot of useful things. Like what gambling they don’t lead to anything good, he learned what a duel is, which can become deadly. But it doesn't matter, the important thing is that he knew what true love is.

I think that the work is excellent, and very instructive. After reading it, you can not only adopt the experience of Peter, but also draw some of your own conclusions. You should definitely read it carefully!

Attention, only TODAY!

After the brutal suppression of the rebellious uprising of military settlers in Staraya Russa in the early 30s of the 19th century, Pushkin draws attention to the "troubled" times in the history of the fatherland. From here begins the story of the creation of the "Captain's Daughter". The image of the rebel Pugachev fascinates and attracts the attention of the poet. And this theme occurs immediately in two of Pushkin's works: the historical work "The History of Pugachev" and "The Captain's Daughter". Both works are dedicated to the events of 1773-1775 under the leadership of Emelyan Pugachev.

Initial stage: collection of information, creation of the "History of Pugachev"

The history of the creation of the "Captain's Daughter" takes more than 3 years. Pushkin was the first to write the work "The History of Pugachev", for which he carefully collected facts and evidence. He had to travel around several provinces in the Volga region and the Orenburg region, where the uprising took place and witnesses of those events still lived. By decree of the king, the poet was granted access to secret documents relating to the uprising and its suppression by the authorities. Family archives and private collections of documents were a large part of the sources of information. Pushkin's Archival Notebooks contain copies of nominal decrees and letters of Emelyan Pugachev himself. The poet communicated with old people who knew Pugachev and passed on legends about him. The poet asked, wrote down, examined the battlefields. He scrupulously and punctually recorded all the information collected in the historical work “The History of Pugachev”. A small novel reveals to us one of the most exciting pages in Russian history - the period of Pugachevism. This work was called "History of the Pugachev rebellion" and was published in 1834. Only after the creation of a historical work did the poet begin to write an artistic one - “The Captain's Daughter”.

Prototypes of heroes, building a storyline

The narration in the novel is conducted on behalf of a young officer Pyotr Grinev, who is serving in the Belogorsk fortress. Several times the author changed the plan of the work, built the plot in different ways and renamed the characters. At the beginning, the hero of the work was conceived by a young nobleman who went over to the side of Pugachev. The poet studied the history of the nobleman Shvanvich, who voluntarily went over to the side of the rebels, and the officer Basharin, who was captured by Pugachev. Based on their true cases, two actors, one of which is a nobleman who became a traitor, whose image required passing through the moral and censorship barriers of that time. We can say that officer Shvanovich served as the prototype for Shvabrin. This surname was mentioned in the royal decree "On the death penalty for the traitor rebel and impostor Pugachev and his accomplices." And the main character of The Captain's Daughter, Grinev, was created by the author on the basis of the true story of an officer taken into custody by the authorities. He was suspected of having links with but later this was not confirmed, the officer was found not guilty and released.

Publication and history of the creation of Pushkin's The Captain's Daughter

For Pushkin, covering such an acute political topic was not an easy task, as evidenced by the history of the creation of The Captain's Daughter: numerous changes in the construction of the plan of the work, a change in the names of the characters and the storyline.

The story "The Captain's Daughter" was first mentioned in the middle of 1832. The work itself appeared in print in December 1836 in the Sovremennik magazine without the author's signature. However, the censorship banned the publication of the chapter about the rebellion of the peasants in the village of Grinev, which the poet himself later called "The Missed Chapter". For Pushkin, the creation of The Captain's Daughter took the last years of his life, after the publication of the work, the poet died tragically in a duel.

Alexander Sergeevich had to put a lot of effort into creating the characters. He turned to unpublished documents, family archives, vehemently studied the history of the uprising led by Emelyan Pugachev. Pushkin visited many cities in the Volga region, including Kazan and Astrakhan, where the "exploits" of the rebel began. He even found the relatives of the participants in order to more reliably study all the information. From the materials obtained, it was compiled historical work"History of Pugachev", which was used by him to create his own Pugachev for "The Captain's Daughter". I had to think at the same time about censorship and a character that contradicted not only the moral and ethical values of that time, but also raised political discussions. At first, his renegade nobleman was supposed to take the side of Pugachev, but even in the course of the plan, the plan changed many times.

As a result, the character had to be divided into two - "light" and "dark", that is, the defender Grinev and the traitor Shvabrin. Shvabrin absorbed all the worst qualities, from betrayal to cowardice.

The world of heroes of "The Captain's Daughter"

The poet managed to describe truly Russian qualities and character traits on the pages of the story. Pushkin very clearly and colorfully manages to convey the opposites of the characters of people from the same class. In the work "Onegin" he vividly described the opposite types of the nobility in the images of Tatiana and Onegin, and in "The Captain's Daughter" he managed to show the opposite character of the types of the Russian peasantry: prudent, devoted to the owners, reasonable and prudent Savelyich and rebellious, frantic, recalcitrant Pugachev. In the story "The Captain's Daughter", the characterization of the characters is given very believably and expressively.

Nobleman Grinev

The main characters deserve special attention in our story. The hero of The Captain's Daughter, a young officer Grinev, on whose behalf the story is being told, was brought up in the old traditions. He was given from an early age to the care of Savelich, whose influence only intensified after the expulsion of the French teacher Beaupre. Not yet born into the world, Peter was recorded as a sergeant, which determined his entire future.

Pyotr Alekseevich Grinev - the main character of The Captain's Daughter - was created in the image of a real person, information about which Pushkin found in archival documents of the Pugachev era. The prototype of Grinev is officer Basharin, who was captured by the rebels and fled from him. The creation of the story "The Captain's Daughter" was accompanied by a change in the name of the hero. It changed several times (Bulanin, Valuev), until the author settled on Grinev. Mercy is associated with the image of the protagonist, “ family thought”, a free choice in difficult and tough circumstances.

Describing through the mouth of Grinev the terrible consequences of Pugachevism, Pushkin calls the rebellion senseless and merciless. Mountains of dead bodies, a bunch of people chained, beaten with whips and hanged - these are the terrible consequences of the uprising. Seeing the robbed and devastated villages, fires, innocent victims, Grinev exclaims: "God forbid to see a Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless."

Serf Savelich

The creation of the story "The Captain's Daughter" would have been impossible without a vivid image of a native of the people. Serf Savelich firmly believed that he was born only to serve his master. He could not imagine another life. But his service to the masters is not servility, he is full of self-esteem and nobility.

Savelyich is rich in inner disinterested affection and self-sacrifice. He loves his young master like a father, takes care of him and suffers from unfair reproaches against him. This old man suffers from loneliness, because he devoted his whole life to serving the masters.

Rebel Pugachev

The poet managed to convey another vivid image of the Russian character through Emelyan Pugachev. This hero of The Captain's Daughter is viewed by Pushkin from two different angles. One Pugachev is a smart, with great ingenuity and insightful peasant, whom we see as common man described in a personal relationship with Grinev. He remembers the good done to him and is deeply grateful. Another Pugachev is a cruel and merciless executioner, sending people to the gallows and executing the elderly widow of commandant Mironov. This side of Pugachev is disgusting, striking in its bloody cruelty.

The story "The Captain's Daughter" makes it clear that Pugachev is an unwilling villain. He was chosen for the role of "leader" by the elders and was later betrayed by them. Pugachev himself believed that Russia was destined to be punished through his reproach. He understood that he was doomed, that he was only a leading player in the rebellious element. But at the same time, Pugachev is not a soulless puppet in the hands of the elders; he exerts all his courage, perseverance and mental strength for the success of the uprising.

The main character's antagonist - Shvabrin

The nobleman Shvabrin, the hero of The Captain's Daughter, is another a real man, mentions of which were found by Pushkin in archival documents. In contrast to the noble and honest Grinev, Shvabrin is a scoundrel with a dishonorable soul. He easily goes over to the side of Pugachev, as soon as he captured the Belgorod fortress. By force, he is trying to achieve Machine location.

But at the same time, Shvabrin is far from stupid, he is a witty and entertaining conversationalist who ended up in the service of the Belgorod fortress for his love of dueling fights. It is because of Shvabrin that Grinev falls under suspicion of treason and almost loses his life.

Captain's daughter Maria Mironova

The story "The Captain's Daughter" also tells about love in the difficult time of the popular uprising. main character"The Captain's Daughter" - Maria Mironova, a dowry brought up on French novels, the daughter of the captain of the Belogorsk fortress. It is because of her that Grinev and Shvabrin duel, although she cannot belong to either of them. Parents forbade Petrusha even to think about marrying a dowry, and the scoundrel Shvabrin, who practically won the duel, has no place in the girl's heart.

She did not succumb to him during the capture of the fortress, when he tried to force her favor. Everything is collected in Masha best features character of a Russian woman - innocence and purity of character, warmth, patience and readiness for self-sacrifice, fortitude and the ability not to change one's principles. In order to save Masha from the hands of Shvabrin, Grinev goes to Pugachev to ask him to release his beloved.

Description of events in the story

The description of events is based on the memoirs of the fifty-year-old nobleman Petr Alekseevich Grinev. They were written during the reign of Emperor Alexander and are dedicated to the uprising of the peasants led by Emelyan Pugachev. By the will of fate, the young officer had to take an involuntary part in it.

Petrusha's childhood

The story of The Captain's Daughter begins with Pyotr Andreevich's ironic memories of his childhood. His father is a retired prime minister, his mother is the daughter of a poor nobleman. All eight brothers and sisters of Petrusha died in childhood, and the hero himself was recorded as a sergeant while still in his mother's womb. At the age of five, the aspiring Savelych is assigned to the boy, who is favored by Petrusha as uncles. Under his leadership, he learned Russian literacy and "could sensibly judge the properties of a greyhound dog." After the young master was discharged as a teacher, the Frenchman Beaupre, whose teaching ended in shameful exile for drunkenness and spoiling the yard girls.

Young Petrusha lives a carefree life until the age of sixteen, chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog. At the age of seventeen, the father decides to send the undergrowth to the service, but not in the Semenovsky regiment, but in the army, so that he sniffs gunpowder. This has been a cause for disappointment. young nobleman who hoped for a fun and carefree life in the capital.

Service officer Grinev

On the way to Orenburg, the master and his servant fall into a strong snowstorm, and they were already completely lost when they came across a black-bearded gypsy who led them to the litter. On the way to housing, Peter Andreevich has a prophetic and terrible dream. Grateful Grinev gives his savior a rabbit coat and treats him with a glass of wine. After mutual gratitude, the gypsies and Grinev part.

Arriving at the place, Peter was surprised to find that the Belgorod fortress does not at all look like an impregnable bastion - it's just a nice small village behind a wooden fence. Instead of remote soldiers - military invalids, and instead of formidable artillery - an old cannon, in the mouth of which old garbage is clogged.

The head of the fortress - an honest and kind officer Mironov - is not strong in education and is completely under the influence of his wife. The wife runs the fortress as her household. The Mironovs accept young Petrusha as their own, and he himself becomes attached to them and falls in love with their daughter Maria. The easy service disposes to reading books and writing poetry.

At the beginning of the service, Pyotr Grinev feels friendly sympathy for Lieutenant Shvabrin, who is close to him in terms of education and occupation. But Shvabrin's causticity, with which he criticized Grinev's poems, served as a pretext for a quarrel between them, and dirty hints towards Masha - an occasion for a duel, during which Grinev was meanly wounded by Shvabrin.

Maria takes care of the wounded Peter, and they confess their mutual feelings to each other. Peter writes a letter to his parents, asking their blessings for his marriage. However, having learned that Mary does not have a dowry, the father forbids his son to think about the girl.

Pugachev's uprising

The creation of the "Captain's Daughter" is associated with a popular uprising. In the story, events unfolded as follows. In a fortress village, a dumb Bashkir is caught with outrageous messages. Residents fearfully await the attack of the rebellious peasants led by Pugachev. And the attack of the rebels happened unexpectedly, at the first military attack, the fortress surrendered its positions. Residents came out to meet Pugachev with bread and salt, and they are led to the city square to take the oath to the new "sovereign". The commandant and his wife die, refusing to swear allegiance to the impostor Pugachev. Grinev is waiting for the gallows, but later Emelyan himself pardons him, recognizing in him that fellow traveler whom he saved in a snowstorm and received a hare coat as a gift from him.

Pugachev releases the officer, and he sets off for help in the direction of Orenburg. He wants to save the sick Masha from captivity, whom the priest passes off as his niece. He is very worried about her safety, because Shvabrin, who has gone over to the side of the rebels, has been appointed commandant. Orenburg did not take seriously his reports and refused to help. And soon the city itself was under a long siege. By chance, Grinev receives a letter from Masha asking for help, and he again heads to the fortress. There, with the help of Pugachev, he frees Masha, and he himself falls under suspicion of espionage at the suggestion of the same Shvabrin.

Final Analysis

The main text of the story is compiled from the notes of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev. Critics gave the story "The Captain's Daughter" the following characteristic: this is a historically important story. The era of Pugachevism is seen through the eyes of a nobleman who took an oath of allegiance to the Empress and faithfully followed his duty as an officer. And even in a difficult situation, among the mountains of dead bodies and the sea of people's blood, he did not break this word and saved the honor of his uniform.

The popular uprising led by Pugachev is considered in The Captain's Daughter as national tragedy. Pushkin contrasts people and power.

Critics call the story "The Captain's Daughter" the pinnacle of Pushkin's artistic prose. Truly Russian characters and types began to live in the work. All of Pushkin's poetry is permeated with a rebellious spirit, he transcends the boundaries of everyday life. And in the story, in the story of Pugachev's rebellion, the poet sings of liberty and rebellion. Russian classics gave the story "The Captain's Daughter" a positive review. Another masterpiece was added to Russian literature.

"The Captain's Daughter": genre affiliation

Is it possible to consider that the story "The Captain's Daughter" has a genre historical novel? After all, the poet himself believed that having illuminated an entire historical era in his work, he could consider it a novel. However, according to the volume accepted in literary criticism, the work is classified as a story. Few critics admit that The Captain's Daughter is a novel, more often it is called a story or short story.

"The Captain's Daughter" in the theater and productions

To date, many theatrical and film performances of the story "The Captain's Daughter" have been staged. The most popular was the feature film by Pavel Reznikov with the same name. The picture was released in 1978 and is essentially a film performance. The roles of the main characters were given to well-known and familiar actors for viewers. The peculiarity of the acting is that no one gets used to the character, no one is put on special make-up, and in general there is nothing that would connect the actors and the book, except for the text. It is the text that creates the mood, makes the viewer feel it, and the actors simply read it with their own voice. Despite all the originality of the production of the story "The Captain's Daughter", the picture received amazing reviews. Many theaters still follow the principle of just reading Pushkin's text.

Such, in in general terms, the history of the creation of the story "The Captain's Daughter" by A. S. Pushkin.

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