Composition “The problem of moral choice in the story of Sholokhov “The fate of man. The problem in the work "The Fate of a Man" (Sholokhov M

PROBLEMS OF SHOLOHOV'S STORY. The story "The Fate of a Man" was written in 1956. It is based on real case. The story was immediately noticed, received many critical and reader responses. The writer ventured on a forbidden topic: a Russian man in captivity. Forgive it or accept it? Some wrote about the "rehabilitation" of the prisoners, others saw a lie in the story.

The story is built in the form of a confession. The fate of Andrei Sokolov before the war is quite typical. Work, family. Sokolov - builder, man peaceful profession. The war crosses out the life of Sokolov, as well as the life of the whole country. A person becomes one of the fighters, one part of the army. At the first moment, Sokolov almost dissolves in the general mass, and then Sokolov recalls this temporary retreat from the human with the most acute pain. The whole war for the hero, the whole path of humiliation, trials, camps - this is a struggle between the human in a person and the inhuman machine that a person faces.

The camp for Sokolov is a test of human dignity. There, for the first time, he kills a man, not a German, but a Russian, with the words: “But what kind of a man is he?” This is a test of the loss of "one's own". An attempt to escape is unsuccessful, since in this way it is impossible to escape from the power of the machine. The climax of the story is the scene in the curfew. Sokolov behaves defiantly, like a man for whom the highest good is death. And the strength of the human spirit wins. Sokolov remains alive. After that, another test that Sokolov endures: without betraying a Russian soldier as a commandant, he does not lose dignity in front of his comrades. "How are we going to share grub?" - asks my bunk neighbor, and his voice trembles. “Equally for everyone,” I tell him. Waited for dawn. Bread and lard were cut with a harsh thread. Everyone got a piece of bread the size of a matchbox, each crumb was taken into account, well, and fat, you know, just anoint your lips. However, they shared without resentment.

After escaping, Andrei Sokolov does not end up in a camp, but in a rifle unit. And here is another test - the news of the death of Irina's wife and daughters. And on the ninth of May, Victory Day, Sokolov loses his son, and the most fate gives him is to see his dead son before burying him in a foreign land.

And yet, Sokolov (according to Sholokhov's idea, a person must preserve the human in himself, in spite of any trials) behaves this way.

At the very first postwar year Andrei Sokolov returns to a peaceful profession and accidentally meets little boy Vanya. The hero of the story has a goal, a person appears for whom life is worth living. Yes, and Vanya reaches out to Sokolov, finds a father in him. So Sholokhov introduces the theme of the renewal of man after the war.

In 1942, Sholokhov wrote the story "The Science of Hatred" - about the great hatred of peaceful Soviet people to the war, to the fascists, “for everything that they caused to the motherland”, and at the same time - about great love to the motherland, to the people, which is kept in the hearts of the soldiers. The main ideas of this story were developed in the story "The Fate of a Man", where Sholokhov shows the beauty of the soul and the strength of the character of a Russian person.

Russian writers have always paid great attention to the problem moral choice person. In extreme situations, a person shows his true qualities, makes a certain choice. This confirms the right to be called a Man.
Main character Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man" - a simple Russian man. He had a hard time in his youth; he participated in civil war, then he created a family, built his life, tried to make his relatives and children happy. The war made him give up hope today. The need to defend their homeland with weapons in their hands was taken by Andrei Sokolov as a matter of course. The main character makes his choice, goes to defend the country. There was simply no other way for him. Andrei stoically endures all the troubles that have befallen him. The words can say about his position: “That’s why you are a man, that’s why you are a soldier, in order to endure everything, to demolish everything, if the need called for it.” For a warrior, there can be no impossible tasks. IN difficult situations a readiness to go to death in the name of a lofty goal is manifested. Andrei Sokolov was supposed to bring shells, despite the fact that the path was very dangerous. Andrey's moral choice is consent to the task. “My comrades may be dying there, but I’ll sniff around here”; "What a conversation!"; "I have to slip through, and that's it!" The risky trip turned out to be the reason that Andrei was captured. Any fighter in the war is internally prepared for the fact that at any moment death can await him. Andrew is no exception. However, internal reconciliation with possible death has nothing to do with the situation of captivity.
In captivity, a person can easily lose his dignity. Someone thinks about how to save his life. The episode in the church, when Andrei Sokolov kills the traitor Kryzhnev, is of great importance. Here again the problem of the moral choice of the protagonist is manifested. The death of a traitor is the key to the salvation of other people. The laws of war are inexorable, and Andrey understands this very well. However, after the murder, he still experiences what he did. And he reassures himself that the traitor deserves no other fate.
The conditions of captivity, and even more so - fascist - this is the most severe test that can only fall to a person. The moral choice in such conditions is the opportunity to preserve one's honor, not to act against one's conscience, to endure all hardships and hardships. Andrew succeeds. It will be difficult for him to remember what he had to endure. However, now these memories have become a part of his life: “It’s hard for me, brother, to remember, and even harder to talk about what happened in captivity. As you remember the inhuman torments that you had to endure there in Germany, as you remember all the friends and comrades who died there, in the camps, the heart no longer in chest, and it beats in the throat, and it becomes difficult to breathe, ”these words of the protagonist perfectly show his attitude to the past, which hides the hardships and torments of fascist captivity. However, even in these words one can feel the strength of character that distinguishes Andrei Sokolov.
The episode when Andrey refuses to drink to the victory of German arms again shows us an example of a person's moral choice. The Russian prisoner of war had absolutely nothing to lose. He had already prepared for death, the execution seemed inevitable to him. However, the very idea that you can drink for an enemy victory was unthinkable for Sokolov. Here he again with honor passed the test. A mortally hungry person refuses to eat because he does not want to bring joy to the Nazis: “I wanted to show them, the damned, that although I’m dying of hunger, I’m not going to choke on their sop, that I have my own, Russian dignity and pride and that they did not turn me into a beast, no matter how hard they tried.
Even the Nazis appreciated the stamina and dignity of the prisoner. Andrei escaped from inevitable death and even received a loaf of bread and a piece of lard as a "gift". And again, we can say that Sholokhov's hero is a highly moral person, because he shares the miserable crumbs of food with his comrades, despite the fact that he practically dies of hunger. Andrey's moral choice is to decide to escape from captivity, to bring his German major with documents. Not everyone can decide on this either. Sokolov has enough strength not to think about the momentary preservation of his life.
However, the captivity was far from the last test in Andrei's life. The death of his wife, daughters, and, as the final chord of the war, the death of the eldest son, an officer, are terrible trials. But even after that, Andrei finds the strength in himself to take a noble step - to give the warmth of his heart to a little homeless boy. Andrei is ready to work for the good of the Motherland, ready to raise an adopted child. This also manifests the spiritual greatness of the protagonist of Sholokhov's story "The Fate of Man".

A special work that raised the problem of personality psychology during the war to a new height is the famous story by M. A. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man." Before the reader appears not just the story of the life of a soldier, but the fate of a man who embodied ...

The enemies burned down his native hut, Ruined his entire family. Where is the soldier to go now, Whom to bear his sadness? M. V. Isakovsky “The Fate of a Man” is a story about how a person defeated his fate, and a child became a symbol of this victory. At the front and in German...

Dictionaries interpret fate in different meanings. The most common are the following: 1. In philosophy, mythology - an incomprehensible predestination of events and actions. 2. In everyday usage: fate, share, coincidence, life path....

1. New!

   Many writers and poets dedicated their works to the Great Patriotic War. Among them you can find such names as Tvardovsky, Simonov, Vasiliev, Bykov and Astafiev. The work of Mikhail Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man" is also connected with this topic, in which ...

PROBLEMS OF SHOLOHOV'S STORY. The story "The Fate of a Man" was written in 1956. It is based on a real case. The story was immediately noticed, received many critical and reader responses. The writer ventured on a forbidden topic: a Russian man in captivity. Forgive it or accept it? Some wrote about the "rehabilitation" of the prisoners, others saw a lie in the story.

The story is built in the form of a confession. The fate of Andrei Sokolov before the war is quite typical. Work, family. Sokolov is a builder, a man of a peaceful profession. The war crosses out the life of Sokolov, as well as the life of the whole country. A person becomes one of the fighters, one part of the army. At the first moment, Sokolov almost dissolves in the general mass, and then Sokolov recalls this temporary retreat from the human with the most acute pain. The whole war for the hero, the whole path of humiliation, trials, camps - this is a struggle between the human in a person and the inhuman machine that a person faces.

The camp for Sokolov is a test of human dignity. There, for the first time, he kills a man, not a German, but a Russian, with the words: “But what kind of a man is he?” This is a test of the loss of "one's own". An attempt to escape is unsuccessful, since in this way it is impossible to escape from the power of the machine. The climax of the story is the scene in the curfew. Sokolov behaves defiantly, like a man for whom the highest good is death. And the strength of the human spirit wins. Sokolov remains alive. After that, another test that Sokolov endures: without betraying a Russian soldier as a commandant, he does not lose dignity in front of his comrades. "How are we going to share grub?" - asks my bunk neighbor, and his voice trembles. “Equally for everyone,” I tell him. Waited for dawn. Bread and lard were cut with a harsh thread. Everyone got a piece of bread the size of a matchbox, each crumb was taken into account, well, and fat, you know, just anoint your lips. However, they shared without resentment.

After escaping, Andrei Sokolov does not end up in a camp, but in a rifle unit. And here is another test - the news of the death of Irina's wife and daughters. And on the ninth of May, Victory Day, Sokolov loses his son, and the most fate gives him is to see his dead son before burying him in a foreign land.

And yet, Sokolov (according to Sholokhov's idea, a person must preserve the human in himself, in spite of any trials) behaves this way.

In the very first post-war year, Andrei Sokolov returns to a peaceful profession and accidentally meets a little boy, Vanya. The hero of the story has a goal, a person appears for whom life is worth living. Yes, and Vanya reaches out to Sokolov, finds a father in him. So Sholokhov introduces the theme of the renewal of man after the war.

In 1942, Sholokhov wrote the story "The Science of Hatred" - about the great hatred of peaceful Soviet people for the war, for the Nazis, "for everything that they caused to the motherland", and at the same time - about the great love for the motherland, for the people, which is kept in the hearts of soldiers. The main ideas of this story were developed in the story "The Fate of a Man", where Sholokhov shows the beauty of the soul and the strength of the character of a Russian person.

Great Patriotic War even after many decades remains the greatest blow to the whole world. What a tragedy this is for the fighting Soviet people, who lost the most people in this bloody duel! The lives of many (both military and civilians) were broken. Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man" truthfully depicts these sufferings, not of an individual, but of the entire people who stood up to defend their homeland.

The story "The Destiny of Man" is based on real events: M.A. Sholokhov met a man who told him his tragic biography. This story was almost a ready-made plot, but did not immediately turn into literary work. The writer hatched his idea for 10 years, but put it on paper in just a few days. And dedicated to E. Levitskaya, who helped him print main novel his life "Quiet Flows the Don".

The story was published in the Pravda newspaper on the eve of the new year, 1957. And soon it was read on the All-Union Radio, heard by the whole country. Listeners and readers were shocked by the power and veracity of this work, it gained well-deserved popularity. Literally, this book opened for writers new way to reveal the theme of war - through the fate of a small person.

Essence of the story

The author accidentally meets the main character Andrei Sokolov and his son Vanyushka. During the forced delay at the crossing, the men began to talk, and a casual acquaintance told the writer his story. Here is what he told him.

Before the war, Andrei lived like everyone else: wife, children, household, work. But then thunder struck, and the hero went to the front, where he served as a driver. One fateful day, Sokolov's car came under fire, he was shell-shocked. So he was taken prisoner.

A group of prisoners was brought to the church for an overnight stay, many incidents occurred that night: the execution of a believer who could not desecrate the church (they weren’t even released “before the wind”), and with him several people who accidentally fell under machine gun fire, help from doctor Sokolov and others wounded. Also, the main character had to strangle another prisoner, as he turned out to be a traitor and was going to betray the commissioner. Even during the next transfer to the concentration camp, Andrei tried to escape, but was caught by dogs, who stripped him of his last clothes and bit everything that “skin with meat flew to shreds.”

Then the concentration camp: inhuman work, almost starvation, beatings, humiliation - that's what Sokolov had to endure. “They need four cubic meters of output, and for the grave of each of us, even one cubic meter through the eyes is enough!” - Andrey said imprudently. And for this he appeared before the Lagerführer Müller. They wanted to shoot the main character, but he overcame fear, bravely drank three shots of schnapps for his death, for which he earned respect, a loaf of bread and a piece of lard.

Toward the end of hostilities, Sokolov was appointed as a driver. And, finally, there was an opportunity to escape, and even with the engineer, whom the hero drove. The joy of salvation did not have time to subside, grief arrived: he learned about the death of his family (a shell hit the house), and after all, all this time he lived only in the hope of meeting. Only one son survived. Anatoly also defended the Motherland, with Sokolov they simultaneously approached Berlin from different sides. But right on the day of victory they killed last hope. Andrew was left all alone.

Subject

The main theme of the story is a man at war. These tragic events- an indicator of personal qualities: in extreme situations, those character traits that are usually hidden are revealed, it is clear who is who in reality. Andrei Sokolov before the war was no different, he was like everyone else. But in battle, having survived captivity, a constant danger to life, he showed himself. His truly heroic qualities were revealed: patriotism, courage, fortitude, will. On the other hand, the same prisoner as Sokolov, probably also no different in ordinary civilian life, was going to betray his commissar in order to curry favor with the enemy. Thus, the theme of moral choice is also reflected in the work.

Also M.A. Sholokhov touches on the theme of willpower. The war took away from the protagonist not only health and strength, but also the whole family. He has no home, how to continue to live, what to do next, how to find meaning? This question interested hundreds of thousands of people who experienced similar losses. And for Sokolov, taking care of the boy Vanyushka, who was also left without a home and family, became a new meaning. And for his sake, for the sake of the future of his country, you need to live on. Here is the disclosure of the theme of the search for the meaning of life - its real man finds in love and hope for the future.

Issues

1. The problem of choice occupies an important place in the story. Every person faces a choice every day. But not everyone has to choose under pain of death, knowing that your fate depends on this decision. So, Andrei had to decide: to betray or remain true to the oath, to bend under the blows of the enemy or to fight. Sokolov was able to remain a worthy person and citizen, because he determined his priorities, guided by honor and morality, and not by the instinct of self-preservation, fear or meanness.
2. In the whole fate of the hero, in his life trials, the problem of defenselessness is reflected. common man in the face of war. Little depends on him, circumstances pile on him, from which he tries to get out at least alive. And if Andrei could save himself, then his family could not. And he feels guilty about it, even though he isn't.
3. The problem of cowardice is realized in the work through secondary characters. The image of a traitor who is ready to sacrifice the life of a fellow soldier for the sake of momentary gain becomes a counterbalance to the image of a brave and strong in spirit Sokolov. And such people were in the war, says the author, but there were fewer of them, that's why we won.
4. The tragedy of war. Numerous losses were suffered not only by soldiers, but also civilians who couldn't defend themselves.

Characteristics of the main characters

1. Andrey Sokolov - a common person, one of many who had to leave a peaceful existence in order to defend their homeland. He exchanges a simple and happy life for the dangers of war, not even imagining how to stay away. In extreme circumstances, he maintains spiritual nobility, shows willpower and stamina. Under the blows of fate, he managed not to break. And find new meaning life, which betrays kindness and responsiveness in him, because he sheltered an orphan.
2. Vanyushka is a lonely boy who has to spend the night wherever he has to. His mother was killed during the evacuation, his father at the front. Ragged, dusty, in watermelon juice - this is how he appeared before Sokolov. And Andrei could not leave the child, introduced himself as his father, giving a chance for further normal life both for himself and for him.

What was the point of the work?

One of the main ideas of the story is the need to take into account the lessons of the war. The example of Andrei Sokolov shows not what war can do to a person, but what it can do to all of humanity. Prisoners tortured by the concentration camp, orphaned children, destroyed families, scorched fields - this should never be repeated, and therefore should not be forgotten.

No less important is the idea that in any, even the most terrible situation, one must remain a man, not be like an animal, which, out of fear, acts only on the basis of instincts. Survival is the main thing for anyone, but if this is given at the cost of betraying oneself, one's comrades, the Motherland, then the surviving soldier is no longer a person, he is not worthy of this title. Sokolov did not betray his ideals, did not break down, although he went through something that is difficult for a modern reader to even imagine.

Genre

Story is short literary genre, revealing one storyline and a few characters. "The fate of man" refers specifically to him.

However, if you look closely at the composition of the work, you can clarify general definition Because this is a story within a story. At the beginning, the author narrates, who, by the will of fate, met and talked with his character. Andrei Sokolov himself describes his difficult life, the first-person narrative allows readers to better feel the feelings of the hero and understand him. Author's remarks are introduced to characterize the hero from the outside ("eyes, as if sprinkled with ashes", "I did not see a single tear in his as if dead, extinct eyes ... only large, limply lowered hands trembled finely, chin trembled, firm lips trembled") and show how deeply this strong man suffers.

What values ​​does Sholokhov promote?

The main value for the author (and for readers) is the world. Peace between states, peace in society, peace in the human soul. The war destroyed the happy life of Andrei Sokolov, as well as many people. The echo of the war still does not subside, so its lessons must not be forgotten (although often in Lately this event is overestimated for political purposes, far from the ideals of humanism).

Also, the writer does not forget about eternal values personality: nobility, courage, will, desire to help. The time of knights, noble dignity has long passed, but true nobility does not depend on origin, it is in the soul, expressed in its ability for mercy and empathy, even if the world is collapsing. This story is an excellent lesson in courage and morality for modern readers.

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Russian writers have always paid great attention to the problem of a person's moral choice. In extreme situations, a person shows his true qualities, makes a certain choice. This confirms the right to be called a Man.
The protagonist of Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man" is a simple Russian man. He had a hard time in his youth; he participated in the civil war, then created a family, built his life, tried to make his relatives and children happy. The war forced him to abandon the hopes of today. The need to defend their homeland with weapons in their hands was taken by Andrei Sokolov as a matter of course. The main character makes his choice, goes to defend the country. There was simply no other way for him. Andrei stoically endures all the troubles that have befallen him. The words can say about his position: “That’s why you are a man, that’s why you are a soldier, in order to endure everything, to demolish everything, if the need called for it.” For a warrior, there can be no impossible tasks. In difficult situations, a readiness to go to death in the name of a lofty goal is manifested. Andrei Sokolov was supposed to bring shells, despite the fact that the path was very dangerous. Andrey's moral choice is consent to the task. “My comrades may be dying there, but I’ll sniff around here”; "What a conversation!"; "I have to slip through, and that's it!" The risky trip turned out to be the reason that Andrei was captured. Any fighter in the war is internally prepared for the fact that at any moment death can await him. Andrew is no exception. However, internal reconciliation with possible death has nothing to do with the situation of captivity.
In captivity, a person can easily lose his dignity. Someone thinks about how to save his life. The episode in the church, when Andrei Sokolov kills the traitor Kryzhnev, is of great importance. Here again the problem of the moral choice of the protagonist is manifested. The death of a traitor is the key to the salvation of other people. The laws of war are inexorable, and Andrey understands this very well. However, after the murder, he still experiences what he did. And he reassures himself that the traitor deserves no other fate.
The conditions of captivity, and even more so - fascist - this is the most severe test that can only fall to a person. The moral choice in such conditions is the opportunity to preserve one's honor, not to act against one's conscience, to endure all hardships and hardships. Andrew succeeds. It will be difficult for him to remember what he had to endure. However, now these memories have become a part of his life: “It’s hard for me, brother, to remember, and even harder to talk about what happened in captivity. When you remember the inhuman torments that you had to endure there in Germany, when you remember all the friends and comrades who died there, in the camps, the heart is already no, in the chest, and it beats in the throat, and it becomes difficult to breathe, ”these words of the protagonist perfectly show his attitude to the past, which hides the hardships and torments of fascist captivity. However, even in these words one can feel the strength of character that distinguishes Andrei Sokolov.
The episode when Andrey refuses to drink to the victory of German arms again shows us an example of a person's moral choice. The Russian prisoner of war had absolutely nothing to lose. He had already prepared for death, the execution seemed inevitable to him. However, the very idea that you can drink for an enemy victory was unthinkable for Sokolov. Here he again with honor passed the test. A mortally hungry person refuses to eat because he does not want to bring joy to the Nazis: “I wanted to show them, the damned, that although I’m dying of hunger, I’m not going to choke on their sop, that I have my own, Russian dignity and pride and that they did not turn me into a beast, no matter how hard they tried.
Even the Nazis appreciated the stamina and dignity of the prisoner. Andrei escaped from inevitable death and even received a loaf of bread and a piece of lard as a "gift". And again, we can say that Sholokhov's hero is a highly moral person, because he shares the miserable crumbs of food with his comrades, despite the fact that he practically dies of hunger. Andrey's moral choice is to decide to escape from captivity, to bring his German major with documents. Not everyone can decide on this either. Sokolov has enough strength not to think about the momentary preservation of his life.
However, the captivity was far from the last test in Andrei's life. The death of his wife, daughters, and, as the final chord of the war, the death of the eldest son, an officer, are terrible trials. But even after that, Andrei finds the strength in himself to take a noble step - to give the warmth of his heart to a little homeless boy. Andrei is ready to work for the good of the Motherland, ready to raise an adopted child. This also manifests the spiritual greatness of the protagonist of Sholokhov's story "The Fate of Man".

In M. A. Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of a Man”, the reader is presented not just a story, but really the fate of a person who embodied the typical features of the national Russian character. Andrei Sokolov, a modest worker, the father of a family, lived and...

1. New!

   The Great Patriotic War passed through the fate of millions of Soviet people, leaving a heavy memory of itself: pain, anger, suffering, fear. Many during the war years lost their dearest and closest people, many experienced severe hardships. Rethinking the military...

The beauty of the soul of a Soviet person is mentioned in M. Sholokhov's story "SCH", in which the hero managed to rise above his personal tragic fate and life, in the name of life to overcome death. Andrei Sokolov talks about his life, which was full of...

Dictionaries interpret fate in different meanings. The most common are the following: 1. In philosophy, mythology - an incomprehensible predestination of events and actions. 2. In everyday usage: fate, share, coincidence, life path ....