Shvabrin in the Belogorsk fortress. Grinev in the Belogorsk fortress

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In the novel by A. S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" two opposite characters are depicted: the noble Pyotr Grinev and the dishonest Alexei Shvabrin. The history of their relationship is one of the main plot cores of The Captain's Daughter and reveals in detail the problem of protecting honor in the novel.

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The novel by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" is devoted to the problem of protecting and preserving honor. To reveal this topic, the author depicts two opposite characters: the young officer Pyotr Grinev and Alexei Shvabrin, exiled to the Belogorsk fortress for a duel.

Young Pyotr Grinev appears in the novel as an infantile, poorly educated nobleman, not ready for adulthood, but adult life break out. The time spent in the Belogorsk fortress and in the battles near Orenburg changes his character and fate. He not only develops all his best noble qualities, but also finds true love, as a result, remaining an honest person.

In contrast to him, the author depicts Alexei Shvabrin from the very beginning as a man who clearly crossed the line between honor and dishonor. According to Vasilisa Yegorovna, Alexei Ivanovich "was discharged from the guards for murder, he does not believe in the Lord God." Pushkin endows his hero not only with a bad character and a penchant for dishonest deeds, but also symbolically draws a portrait of a man with a “swarty face and remarkably ugly”, but at the same time “excessively lively”.

Perhaps it is Shvabrin's liveliness that attracts Grinev. The young nobleman is also very interesting to Shvabrin, for whom the Belogorsk fortress is a link, a dead place in which he does not see people. Shvabrin's interest in Grinev is explained by the desire to "finally see human face"after five years of being in the hopeless wilderness of the steppe. Grinev feels sympathy for Shvabrin and spends a lot of time with him, but gradually feelings for Maria Mironova begin to take over more and more. This not only alienates Grinev from Shvabrin, but also provokes a duel between them. Grinev wants to take revenge on Shvabrin for slandering his beloved, whom Shvabrin takes revenge on for rejecting him.

During all subsequent events, Shvabrin increasingly shows his dishonor and, as a result, turns into the ultimate villain. All the most disgusting features of Grinev wake up in him: a slanderer, a traitor who forcibly wants to marry Maria. He and Grinev are no longer friends and not even comrades-in-arms, Shvabrin not only becomes disgusting to Grinev, in the Pugachev uprising they become on opposite sides. Even entering into relations with Pugachev, Grinev cannot go to the end, he cannot betray his noble honor. For Shvabrin, honor is initially not so important, so it doesn’t cost him anything to run across to the other side, and then slander honest Grinev.

Grinev and Shvabrin are two opposites that diverge as quickly as they attract. These heroes choose different paths, but the denouement still turns out to be successful for honest Grinev, who was pardoned by the Empress and lived a long life. happy life, in contrast to Shvabrin, who disappeared without a trace under the ringing of chains in the prison corridors.

Even more essays on the topic: “Relations between Grinev and Shvabrin”:

Historical story "The Captain's Daughter" - last work A.S. Pushkin, written in prose. This work reflects all the most important themes of Pushkin's work. late period- the place of the "little" person in historical events, moral choice in harsh social circumstances, law and mercy, people and power, "family thought." One of the central moral problems of the story is the problem of honor and dishonor. The resolution of this issue can be seen primarily in the fate of Grinev and Shvabrin.

These are young officers. Both serve in the Belogorsk fortress. Grinev and Shvabrin are nobles, close in age, education, mental development. Grinev describes his impression that the young lieutenant made on him in the following way: “Shvabrin was very clever. His conversation was sharp and entertaining. With great gaiety, he described to me the commandant's family, his society and the land where fate had taken me. However, the characters did not become friends. One of the reasons for hostility is Masha Mironova. It was in a relationship with the captain's daughter that they revealed moral qualities heroes. Grinev and Shvabrin turned out to be antipodes. The attitude to honor and duty finally divorced Grinev and Shvabrin during the Pugachev rebellion.

Pyotr Andreevich is distinguished by kindness, gentleness, conscientiousness, and sensitivity. It is no coincidence that Grinev immediately became “native” for the Mironovs, and Masha fell in love with him deeply and selflessly. The girl confesses to Grinev: "... until the grave, you alone will remain in my heart." Shvabrin, on the contrary, makes a repulsive impression on others. The moral defect is already manifested in his appearance: he was short in stature, with a "remarkably ugly face." Masha, like Grinev, is unpleasant to Shvabrin, the girl is scared away by his evil tongue: "... he is such a mocker." In lieutenant she feels dangerous person: “He is very disgusting to me, but it’s strange: I wouldn’t want for anything that he didn’t like me either. That would make me afraid." Subsequently, having become a prisoner of Shvabrin, she is ready to die, but not to submit to him. For Vasilisa Egorovna, Shvabrin is a “murderer,” and Ivan Ignatich, an invalid, admits: “I myself am not a fan of him.”

Grinev is honest, open, straightforward. He lives and acts at the behest of his heart, and his heart is freely subject to the laws of noble honor, the code of Russian chivalry, and a sense of duty. These laws are unchangeable for him. Grinev is a man of his word. He promised to thank the random guide, and did so despite Savelich's desperate resistance. Grinev could not give half a ruble for vodka, but he gave the counselor his hare sheepskin coat. The law of honor compels young man to pay a huge billiard debt to Zurin, who did not play too honestly. Grinev is noble and ready to fight a duel with Shvabrin, who insulted the honor of Masha Mironova.

Grinev is consistently honest, while Shvabrin commits immoral acts one after another. This envious, vicious, vengeful person is accustomed to act by deceit and deceit. Shvabrin deliberately described Grinev Masha as a "complete fool", concealed from him his matchmaking for captain's daughter. Grinev soon understood the reasons for Shvabrin's deliberate slander, with which he pursued Masha: "Probably, he noticed our mutual inclination and tried to distract us from each other."

Shvabrin is ready to get rid of the opponent by any means. Insulting Masha, he skillfully infuriates Grinev and provokes a challenge to a duel, not considering the inexperienced Grinev a dangerous opponent. The lieutenant planned the murder. This man stops at nothing. He is used to having all his desires fulfilled. According to Vasilisa Yegorovna, Shvabrin was “transferred to the Belogorsk fortress for murder”, for “stabbing a lieutenant in a duel, and even with two witnesses”. During the duel of officers, Grinev, unexpectedly for Shvabrin, turned out to be a skilled swordsman, but, taking advantage of a favorable moment for him, Shvabrin wounded Grinev.

Grinev is generous, and Shvabrin is low. After the duel, the young officer forgave the "unfortunate opponent", and he continued to treacherously take revenge on Grinev and wrote a denunciation to his parents. Shvabrin constantly commits immoral acts. But the main crime in the chain of his constant baseness is going over to the side of Pugachev not for ideological, but for selfish reasons. Pushkin shows how, in historical trials, all the qualities of nature are fully manifested in a person. The vile beginning in Shvabrin makes him a complete scoundrel. Grinev's openness and honesty attracted Pugachev to him and saved his life. The high moral potential of the hero was revealed during the most difficult tests for the strength of convictions. Grinev several times had to choose between honor and dishonor, and in fact between life and death.

After Pugachev "pardoned" Grinev, he had to kiss his hand, that is, recognize him as a king. In the chapter "The Uninvited Guest", Pugachev himself arranges a "test of compromise", trying to get a promise from Grinev "at least not to fight" against him. In all these cases, the hero, risking his life, shows firmness and intransigence.

Shvabrin does not have any moral principles. He saves his life by breaking his oath. Grinev was amazed to see "among the foremen Shvabrin, cut in a circle and in a Cossack caftan." This scary man continues to relentlessly pursue Masha Mironova. Shvabrin is fanatically obsessed with the desire to achieve not love, but at least obedience from the captain's daughter. Grinev gives an assessment of Shvabrin’s actions: “I looked with disgust at the nobleman, wallowing at the feet of a runaway Cossack.”

The author's position coincides with the views of the narrator. This is evidenced by the epigraph to the story: "Take care of honor from a young age." Grinev remained faithful to duty and honor. He said the most important words to Pugachev: “Just don’t demand what is contrary to my honor and Christian conscience.” Shvabrin violated both noble and human duty.

Source: mysoch.ru

The story "The Captain's Daughter" by A. Pushkin attracts the reader not only with interesting historical facts, but also bright, memorable images of heroes.

Young officers Petr Grinev and Aleksey Shvabrin are characters whose characters and views are completely opposite. This is evidenced by how differently they behave in everyday life, in critical situations, in love. And if you feel sympathy for Grinev from the very first pages of the story, then acquaintance with Shvabrin causes contempt and disgust.

The portrait of Shvabrin is as follows: "... a young officer of short stature, with a swarthy face and remarkably ugly." To match the appearance and his nature - evil, cowardly, hypocritical. Shvabrin is capable of dishonest deeds, it costs him nothing to slander or betray a person for his own benefit. This person most of all cares about his "selfish" interest.

Having failed to achieve the love of Masha Mironova, he not only seeks to stand in her way to happiness, but also tries to force the girl to marry him with the help of threats and force. Saving his life, Shvabrin is one of the first to swear allegiance to the impostor Pugachev, and when this is revealed and he is brought to trial, he gives false testimony against Grinev in order to somehow avenge all his failures.

Everything was embodied in the image of Pyotr Grinev best features nobility. He is honest, brave, courageous, just, knows how to keep his word, loves his fatherland and is devoted to his duty. Most of all, a young man has sincerity and straightforwardness. He is alien to arrogance and sycophancy. Having managed to win the love of Marya Ivanovna, Grinev reveals himself not only as a tender and devoted admirer. Above all, he puts her honor, her name, and is ready not only to defend them with a sword in his hand, but also to go into exile for the sake of Masha.

With their positive qualities character Grinev subdued even the robber Pugachev, who helped him free Masha from the hands of Shvabrin and wanted to be planted by the father at their wedding.

I am sure that in our time, many would like to be like Pyotr Grinev, while I would never want to meet Shvabrin.

Source: www.ukrlib.com

Aleksey Ivanovich Shvabrin is not only a negative character, but also the opposite of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, the narrator on whose behalf the story is told in The Captain's Daughter.

Grinev and Shvabrin are not the only characters in the story who are somehow compared with each other: such “pairs” form almost all the main characters. characters works: Empress Catherine - the false emperor Pugachev, Masha Mironova - her mother Vasilisa Yegorovna - which allows us to talk about comparison as one of the most important compositional techniques used by the author in the story.

It is interesting, however, that not all of these heroes are absolutely opposed to each other. So, Masha Mironova, rather, is compared with her mother and shows as much devotion to her chosen one and courage in the struggle for him as captain Mironova, who was not afraid of the villains and accepted death with her husband. The opposition of the "couple" Ekaterina - Pugachev is not as unambiguous as it seems at first glance.

These warring and warring characters have many close traits and similar actions. Both are capable of both cruelty and the manifestation of mercy and justice. In the name of Catherine, the supporters of Pugachev (a mutilated Bashkir with a cut off tongue) are brutally persecuted and subjected to brutal torture, and Pugachev commits atrocities and executions along with his comrades. On the other hand, both Pugachev and Ekaterina show mercy towards Grinev, saving him and Marya Ivanovna from trouble and finally arranging their happiness.

And only between Grinev and Shvabrin nothing but antagonism is found. It is already indicated in the names by which the author calls his heroes. Grinev bears the name of Peter, he is the namesake of the great emperor, for whom Pushkin, of course, had the most enthusiastic feelings. Shvabrin was given the name of a traitor to his father's cause - Tsarevich Alexei. This, of course, does not mean at all that every character in Pushkin's work bearing one of these names should be correlated in the reader's mind with the named historical figures. But in the context of the story, where the problem of honor and dishonor, devotion and betrayal is so important, such a coincidence seems to be no coincidence.

It is known how seriously Pushkin took the concept of ancestral honor of the nobility, to what is usually called roots. It is no coincidence, of course, that is why the story tells in such detail and in detail about the childhood of Petrusha Grinev, about his family, in which the traditions of centuries-old noble education are sacredly preserved. And let these "habits of dear old times" be described not without irony - it is obvious that the author's irony is full of warmth and understanding. And in the end, it was the thought of the impossibility of dishonoring the honor of the family, that did not allow Grinev to commit betrayal against his beloved girl, to violate the officer's oath.

Shvabrin is a man without a family, without a tribe. We do not know anything about his origin, about his parents. Nothing is said about his childhood, about his upbringing. Behind him, it seems, there is no spiritual and moral baggage that supports Grinev. Shvabrin, apparently, no one gave a simple and wise instruction: "Take care of honor from a young age." Therefore, he easily neglects it to save his own life and simply for personal well-being. At the same time, we note that Shvabrin is an inveterate duelist: it is known that he was transferred to the Belogorsk fortress for some kind of "villainy", probably for a duel. He challenges Grinev to a duel, moreover, in a situation where he himself is to blame: he insulted Maria Ivanovna, vilely slandering her in front of the lover Pyotr Andreevich.

It is important that duels in the story are not approved by any of the honest heroes: neither Captain Mironov, who reminded Grinev that "fights are formally prohibited in the military article", nor Vasilisa Yegorovna, who considered them "death murder" and "murder", nor Savelich. Grinev accepts the challenge, defending the honor of his beloved girl, Shvabrin, on the other hand, from the fact that he was rightly called a liar and scoundrel. Thus, in his addiction to duels, Shvabrin turns out to be a defender of a superficial, falsely understood honor, a zealot not of the spirit, but of the letter of the law, only of its external observance. This once again proves that he has no idea of ​​​​true honor.

For Shvabrin, nothing is sacred at all: no love, no friendship, no duty. Moreover, we understand that the neglect of these concepts is a common thing for him. From the words of Vasilisa Egorovna, we learn that Shvabrin "does not believe in the Lord God," that he "was discharged from the guard for murder." Not every duel and not every officer was fired from the guard. Obviously, some ugly, vile story was connected with that duel. And, consequently, what happened in the Belogorsk fortress and subsequently was not an accident, not the result of momentary weakness, not just cowardice, in the end forgivable under certain circumstances. Shvabrin came to his final downfall naturally.

He lived without faith, without moral ideals. He himself was unable to love, and neglected the feelings of others. After all, he knew that Masha was disgusted, but, despite this, he harassed her, stopping at nothing. The advice that he gives Grinev in relation to Marya Ivanovna betrays a vulgarity in him (“... if you want Masha Mironova to come to you at dusk, then instead of gentle rhymes give her a pair of earrings”), Shvabrin is not only mean, but also cunning. After the duel, fearing new troubles, he plays a scene of sincere repentance in front of Grinev. Further developments show that the simple-hearted Grinev believed the liar in vain. At the first opportunity, Shvabrin vilely takes revenge on Grinev by betraying Marya Ivanovna Pugacheva. And here the villain and criminal, the peasant Pugachev, shows nobility incomprehensible to Shvabrin: he, to Shvabrin's indescribable malice, releases Grinev and Masha Mironova with God, forcing Shvabrin to give them "a pass to all outposts and fortresses subject to him. Shvabrin, completely destroyed, stood as if dumbfounded "...

The last time we see Shvabrin, when he, arrested for his connection with Pugachev, chained, makes a last attempt to slander and destroy Grinev. Outwardly, he has changed a lot: “his hair, recently jet-black, has completely turned gray,” but his soul is still black: he uttered his accusations, albeit in a “weak, but bold voice” - so great were his anger and hatred for the happiness of the opponent.

Shvabrin will end his life as ingloriously as he lived: loved by no one and loved no one, serving no one and nothing, but only adapting all his life. He is like a tumbleweed, a plant without a root, a man without a family, without a tribe, he did not live, but rolled down,
until you fall into the abyss...

We live in a fort
We eat bread and drink water;
And how fierce enemies
They will come to us for pies,
Let's give the guests a feast:
Let's load the cannon.
soldier song
Old people, my father.
undergrowth

Belogorsk fortress was located forty miles from Orenburg. The road went along the steep bank of the Yaik. The river had not yet frozen over, and its leaden waves gleamed mournfully in the monotonous banks covered with white snow. Behind them stretched the Kirghiz steppes. I sank into reflections, mostly sad. Garrison life had little attraction for me. I tried to imagine Captain Mironov, my future chief, and imagined him as a strict, angry old man who knew nothing but his service and was ready to put me under arrest on bread and water for every trifle. Meanwhile, it began to get dark. We drove pretty fast. "Is it far to the fortress?" I asked my driver. “Not far,” he replied. - It's already visible. - I looked in all directions, expecting to see formidable bastions, towers and ramparts; but he saw nothing but a village surrounded by a log fence. On one side were three or four stacks of hay, half covered with snow; on the other, a twisted windmill, with popular print wings lazily lowered. "Where is the fortress?" I asked in surprise. “Yes, here it is,” answered the driver, pointing to the village, and with this word we drove into it. At the gate I saw an old cast-iron cannon; the streets were cramped and crooked; the huts are low and mostly covered with straw. I ordered to go to the commandant, and a minute later the wagon stopped in front of a wooden house built on a high place, near the wooden church.

Nobody met me. I went into the hallway and opened the front door. An old invalid, sitting on a table, was sewing a blue patch on the elbow of his green uniform. I told him to report me. “Come in, father,” answered the invalid, “our houses.” I entered a clean room, decorated in the old fashioned way. In the corner stood a cupboard with dishes; on the wall hung an officer's diploma behind glass and in a frame; around it were lubok pictures representing the capture of Kistrin and Ochakov, as well as the choice of a bride and the burial of a cat. At the window sat an old woman in a padded jacket and with a scarf on her head. She was unwinding the threads, which she held, uncrossed on her hands, a crooked old man in an officer's uniform. "What do you want, father?" she asked, continuing her work. I answered that I had come to the service and appeared on my duty to the captain, and with this word I turned to the crooked old man, mistaking him for the commandant; but the hostess interrupted my hardened speech. “Ivan Kuzmich is not at home,” she said, “he went to visit Father Gerasim; it doesn't matter, father, I'm his mistress. Please love and respect. Sit down, father." She called the girl and told her to call the constable. The old man looked at me with his lonely eye with curiosity. “I dare to ask,” he said, “in which regiment did you deign to serve?” I satisfied his curiosity. “But I dare to ask,” he continued, “why did you deign to transfer from the guard to the garrison?” I replied that such was the will of the authorities. “Indeed, for indecent actions of an officer of the guard,” continued the indefatigable questioner. “It’s full of lying trifles,” the captain told him, “you see, the young man is tired from the road; he is not up to you ... (keep your arms straighter ...). And you, my father, - she continued, turning to me, - do not be sad that you have been put into our backwoods. You are not the first, you are not the last. Endure, fall in love. Shvabrin Aleksei Ivanovich has been transferred to us for the fifth year for murder. God knows what sin beguiled him; he, if you please, went out of town with one lieutenant, and they took swords with them, and, well, they stab each other; and Alexey Ivanovich stabbed the lieutenant to death, and even with two witnesses! What are you supposed to do? There is no master for sin."

At that moment the sergeant entered, a young and stately Cossack. "Maksimych! the captain told him. “Give the officer an apartment, and clean it.” - "I'm listening, Vasilisa Yegorovna," answered the constable. "Shouldn't we place his honor with Ivan Polezhaev?" “You're lying, Maksimych,” said the captain, “Polezhaev is already so crowded; he is my godfather and remembers that we are his bosses. Take the officer... what is your name and patronymic, my father? Pyotr Andreevich? Take Pyotr Andreevich to Semyon Kuzov. He, a swindler, let his horse into my garden. Well, Maksimych, is everything all right?

“Everything, thank God, is quiet,” answered the Cossack, “only Corporal Prokhorov had a fight in the bathhouse with Ustinya Negulina for a gang of hot water.

- Ivan Ignatich! said the captain to the crooked old man. – Disassemble Prokhorov with Ustinya, who is right, who is wrong. Yes, punish them both. Well, Maksimych, go with God. Pyotr Andreevich, Maksimych will take you to your quarters.

A. S. Pushkin. Captain's daughter. audiobook

I bowed out. The constable led me to a hut that stood on the high bank of the river, on the very edge of the fortress. Half of the hut was occupied by the family of Semyon Kuzov, the other was taken to me. It consisted of one room, a fairly neat room, divided in two by a partition. Savelich began to dispose of it; I began to look out the narrow window. Before me stretched the sad steppe. Several huts stood obliquely; There were a few chickens roaming the street. The old woman, standing on the porch with a trough, called the pigs, who answered her with friendly grunts. And this is the direction in which I was condemned to spend my youth! Longing took me; I moved away from the window and went to bed without supper, despite the exhortations of Savelich, who repeated with contrition: “Lord, Vladyka! nothing to eat! What will the lady say if the child becomes ill?

The next day, in the morning, I had just begun to dress, when the door opened, and a young officer of short stature entered me, with a swarthy face and remarkably ugly, but extremely lively. “Excuse me,” he said to me in French, “that I come to meet you without ceremony. Yesterday I learned of your arrival; the desire to see, finally, a human face took possession of me so much that I could not stand it. You will understand this when you live here a little more time. I guessed that it was an officer discharged from the guard for a duel. We got to know each other right away. Shvabrin was not very stupid. His conversation was sharp and entertaining. With great cheerfulness he described to me the commandant's family, its society, and the region where fate had taken me. I laughed at pure heart when the same disabled person who was repairing the uniform in the commandant's anteroom entered me, and on behalf of Vasilisa Yegorovna invited me to dine with them. Shvabrin volunteered to go with me.

Approaching the commandant's house, we saw twenty old invalids with long braids and triangular hats. They were lined up in front. In front stood the commandant, a vigorous and tall old man, in a cap and in a Chinese dressing gown. Seeing us, he approached us, said a few kind words to me, and again began to command. We stopped to look at the doctrine; but he asked us to go to Vasilisa Yegorovna, promising to follow us. “But here,” he added, “there is nothing for you to see.”

Vasilisa Egorovna received us easily and cordially, and treated me as if she had known me for a century. The invalid and Palashka laid the table. “What is it that my Ivan Kuzmich has memorized so much today! the commandant said. - Palashka, call the master to dinner. But where is Masha? - Here came a girl of about eighteen, round-faced, ruddy, with light blond hair, combed smoothly behind her ears, which were on fire in her. At first glance, I didn't like her very much. I looked at her with prejudice: Shvabrin described Masha to me, captain's daughter, complete fool. Marya Ivanovna sat down in a corner and began to sew. Meanwhile, cabbage soup was served. Vasilisa Yegorovna, not seeing her husband, sent Palashka for him a second time. “Tell the master: the guests are waiting, cabbage soup will get cold; thank God, learning will not go away; will be able to scream." - The captain soon appeared, accompanied by a crooked old man. “What is it, my father? his wife told him. “The food has been served a long time ago, but you won’t be called.” “Do you hear, Vasilisa Yegorovna,” Ivan Kuzmich answered, “I was busy with the service: I taught soldiers.” “And, complete! the captain replied. - Only glory that you teach soldiers: neither service is given to them, nor you know any sense in it. I would sit at home and pray to God; that would be better. Dear guests welcome to the table.

We sat down to have lunch. Vasilisa Yegorovna did not stop for a minute and showered me with questions: who are my parents, are they alive, where do they live and what is their condition? Hearing that the priest has three hundred souls of peasants, “Is it easy! she said, “there are rich people in the world!” And we, my father, have only one soul, Palashka, but thank God, we live little by little. One trouble: Masha; marriageable girl, what dowry does she have? a frequent comb, and a broom, and an altyn of money (God forgive me!), with which to go to the bathhouse. Well, if there is a kind person; otherwise sit yourself in the girls as an eternal bride. - I looked at Marya Ivanovna; she blushed all over, and even tears dripped onto her plate. I felt sorry for her, and I hastened to change the conversation. “I heard,” I said rather inappropriately, “that the Bashkirs are going to attack your fortress.” - “From whom, father, did you deign to hear this?” asked Ivan Kuzmich. “I was told so in Orenburg,” I replied. “Nonsense! the commandant said. We haven't heard anything in a long time. The Bashkirs are a frightened people, and the Kyrgyz are taught a lesson. I suppose they won’t poke their nose at us; but if they poke their noses in, I’ll set such a wit that I’ll calm down for ten years. ” “And you are not afraid,” I continued, turning to the captain, “to remain in a fortress exposed to such dangers?” “A habit, my father,” she answered. “It’s been twenty years since we were transferred here from the regiment, and God forbid, how I was afraid of those damned infidels! As I envy, it used to be, lynx hats, but as soon as I hear their squeal, do you believe it, my father, my heart will stop! And now I’m so used to it that I won’t even move when they come to tell us that the villains are prowling near the fortress. ”

“Vasilisa Yegorovna is a very brave lady,” Shvabrin remarked importantly. - Ivan Kuzmich can testify to this.

- Yes, you hear, - said Ivan Kuzmich, - a woman is not a timid dozen.

“And Marya Ivanovna?” I asked, “are you as brave as you are?”

- Did Masha dare? her mother answered. - No, Masha is a coward. Until now, he cannot hear a shot from a gun: he will tremble. And just as two years ago Ivan Kuzmich came up with the idea of ​​shooting from our cannon on my name day, so she, my dear, almost went to the next world out of fear. Since then, we have not fired from the damned cannon.

We got up from the table. The captain and the captain's wife went to bed; and I went to Shvabrin, with whom I spent the whole evening.

Written in 1836 by Pushkin, the story "The Captain's Daughter" is a logical continuation of the theme of the "insignificant hero", an ordinary person who cannot boast of great wealth, influence or serious connections. Main character close to the people, has positive qualities of character, kind, fair. The story is based on an uprising led by Pugachev, but Pushkin did not at all set himself the goal of recreating historical events, against their background, he described life stories ordinary people.

General characteristics of Grinev

Pyotr Grinev comes from a noble family, but his parents are poor, so he grew up in a provincial-local life. The hero cannot boast of a good upbringing, he admits that he grew up short. Since his father was a retired military man, Peter also became an officer. This is a conscientious, gentle, kind and fair young man, looking at everything through the disperse, and he understands how the world actually works.

Thanks to his moral instinct, even from the most difficult and dangerous situations, Petr Grinv comes out unscathed. The characteristic of the hero shows his impetuous spiritual growth. The man managed to see in Masha Mironova moral personality And pure soul, he had the courage to ask for forgiveness from the serf Savelich, Peter saw in Pugachev not just a rebel, but a fair and generous person, he realized how low and vile Shvabrin really is. Despite the terrible events that took place during the internecine struggle, Grinev managed to maintain honor, humanity and loyalty to his ideals.

General characteristics of Shvabrin

The characteristics of Grinev and Shvabrin allow the reader to figure out who is who in reality. Alexei Ivanovich is a nobleman by birth, he is lively, swarthy, not very handsome. At the time of Grinev's arrival in Belgorod fortress Shvabrin had served there for five years, he was transferred here for murder. Everything speaks of his meanness, arrogance and heartlessness. At the first meeting with Peter, Alexei Ivanovich introduces him to the inhabitants of the fortress, speaking of everyone with contempt and mockery.

Shvabrin is very smart and much more educated than Grinev, but there is no kindness in him. This character was compared by many with a tumbleweed, a man without a family, who only knew how to adapt to different circumstances. Nobody loved him or expected him, but he doesn't need anyone either. At the end of the story, Shvabrin's black hair turned gray after the unrest, but his soul remained black, envious and vicious.

Grineva and Shvabrina

Every story has an antagonist to the main character. If Pushkin had not created the image of Shvabrin, then Grinev's spiritual growth would not have been so noticeable, moreover, development would have been impossible. love line between Mary and Peter. The writer opposes two young officers in everything noble origin. a brief description of Shvabrin and Grinev shows that they even got into the service in the fortress for various reasons. Peter was sent here to serve by his father, so that the offspring would smell real gunpowder and serve in the army. Alexei was exiled for the murder of a lieutenant.

The expression "military duty" each of the heroes understands differently. Shvabrin doesn't care who he serves, as long as he feels good. During Alexei immediately went over to the rebels, forgetting about the oath and honor. Grinev, under pain of death, refuses to swear allegiance to the rebels, but he was saved by natural kindness. The fact is that once he gave Pugachev a hare sheepskin coat and served a glass of wine, and he in return pays with gratitude and saves Peter's life.

For the heroes became the captain's daughter. Grinev and Shvabrin fell in love with Masha, but their love is very different. Peter composes poems for the girl, and Alexei criticizes them, smashing them to smithereens. This is understandable, because he himself likes Maria, but is it sincerely loving person could put his beloved in a bad light and recommend his opponent to give her earrings instead of poetry, so that she would come out to him at dusk.

The relationship between Shvabrin and Maria

Alexei Ivanovich likes the captain's daughter, he takes care of her, but when he is refused, he spreads dirty and false rumors about her. This person is not capable of sincere, kind and pure feelings He needs Masha only as a beautiful doll that can be remade in his own way. The characteristics of Grinev and Shvabrin show how different people are from each other. Peter would never allow himself to slander or force his beloved to do anything.

Aleksey is mean and cowardly, he acts in detours. In a duel, he wounded Grinev in the chest with a sword, then informed Peter's parents about the duel so that they forbade his son to marry Maria. After going over to Pugachev's side, Shvabrin uses his power to force the girl to become his wife. Even at the end, he cannot allow the happiness of Grinev and Mironova, so he slanders Peter.

The relationship between Grinev and Masha

Pyotr Andreevich has the brightest and purest feelings for the captain's daughter. With all his heart he became attached to the Mironov family, which became his own. The young girl immediately liked the officer, but he tried to act delicately, composed poems for her in order to win the heart of the beauty. The characteristics of Grinev and Shvabrin give an idea of ​​the concept of honor among these two people.

Alexey Ivanovich wooed Mironova, but was refused, he could not admit his defeat with dignity, so he tried with all his might to tarnish the girl's reputation. Grinev, in turn, protects his beloved, challenging the enemy to a duel. Peter is ready to give his life for Masha, risking, he rescues the girl from Shvabrin's imprisonment, takes her out of the fortress. Even at trial, he tries not to tarnish the honor of Mironova, although he is threatened with life imprisonment. Such behavior speaks of the nobility of the hero.

Grinev's attitude to Pugachev

Pyotr Andreevich does not approve of the actions of the rebels and zealously protects the fortress from them; during the execution of officers, he refuses to swear allegiance to Pugachev, because he serves the empress. Nevertheless, Grinev admires the generosity, justice and organizational skills of the leader of the rebels. The hero and Pugachev have their own, somewhat strange, but friendly relations based on mutual respect. The rebel remembers Grinev's kindness and repays him in kind. Although Peter did not go over to the side of Pugachev, he remains of a good opinion about him.

Shvabrin's attitude towards Pugachev

Characterization of Shvabrin and Peter Grinev shows different attitude to the credit of the military with these officers. If the main character, even under pain of death, did not wish to betray the empress, then for Alexei Ivanovich the most important thing is own life. As soon as Pugachev called on the officers to go over to him, Shvabrin immediately went over to the side of the rebels. For this person there is nothing sacred, at the right time he is always ready to trip others, so the recognition of the power of the rebels is nothing more than an attempt to save his life.

Spiritual development of Grinev and the fall of Shvabrin

Throughout the story, the reader follows the spiritual growth of the protagonist. The characteristics of Grinev and Shvabrin speak for themselves: if nothing is sacred for Alexei, he is ready to step over anyone to achieve his goal, then Peter conquers with his nobility, kindness, honesty and humanity.

Grinev in the Belogorsk fortress.

Main character novel by Pyotr Grinev. He appears before us as a young man from a poor noble family. His father, Andrei Petrovich Grinev, was a simple military man. Even before his birth, Grinev was enlisted in the regiment. Peter was educated at home. At first, he was taught by Savelich, a faithful servant. Later, a Frenchman was specially hired for him. But instead of gaining knowledge, Peter chased pigeons. According to established tradition, noble children were supposed to serve. So Grinev's father sent him to serve, but not in the elite Semyonovsky regiment, as Peter thought, but in Orenburg, so that his son would experience real life so that a soldier comes out, not a shamaton.

But fate threw Petrusha not just to Orenburg, but to the distant Belogorsk fortress, which was an old village with wooden houses, surrounded by a log fence. The only weapon is an old cannon, and it was full of debris. The entire team of the fortress consisted of disabled people. Such a fortress made a depressing impression on Grinev. Peter was very upset...

But gradually life in the fortress becomes tolerable. Peter becomes close to the family of Captain Mironov, the commandant of the fortress. He is accepted there as a son and taken care of. Soon Peter falls in love with Maria Mironova, the daughter of the commandant of the fortress. His first love was mutual, and everything seemed fine. But then it turns out that Shvabrin, an officer exiled to the fortress for a duel, already wooed Masha, but Maria refused him, and Shvabrin takes revenge, denigrating the girl's name. Grinev stands up for the honor of his beloved girl and challenges Shvabrin to a duel, where he is wounded. After recovering, Peter asks for the blessing of his parents to marry Mary, but his father, angered by the news of the duel, refuses him, reproaching him for this and saying that Peter is still young and stupid. Masha, passionately loving Peter, does not agree to marriage without the blessing of her parents. Grinev is very upset and upset. Maria tries to avoid him. He no longer visits the commandant's family, life becomes more and more unbearable for him.

But at this time, the Belogorsk fortress is in danger. The Pugachev army approaches the walls of the fortress and quickly captures it. All residents immediately recognize Pugachev as their emperor, except for the commandant Mironov and Ivan Ignatich. They were hanged for disobedience to the "only and true emperor." Grinev's turn came, he was immediately taken to the gallows. Peter walked forward, looked into the face of death boldly and courageously, preparing to die. But then Savelich threw himself at the feet of Pugachev and stood up for the boyar child. Emelyan ordered Grinev to be brought to him and ordered him to kiss his hand, recognizing his authority. But Peter did not break his word and remained faithful to Empress Catherine II. Pugachev got angry, but remembering the hare sheepskin coat given to him, generously dismissed Grinev. Soon they met again. Grinev was on his way from Orenburg to save Masha from Shvabrin when the Cossacks caught him and took him to Pugachev's "palace". Upon learning of their love and that Shvabrin was forcing the poor orphan to marry him, Emelyan decided to go to the fortress with Grinev to help the orphan. When Pugachev found out that the orphan was the daughter of the commandant, he got angry, but then he let Masha and Grinev go, keeping his word: “Execute like this, execute like that, favor like this: this is my custom”

The Belogorsk fortress had a very strong influence on Peter. From an inexperienced young man, Grinev turns into a young man who is able to protect his love, maintain loyalty and honor, who knows how to judge people sensibly. \

Test on the story of A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter".

1. From what object, necessary for teaching, did Petrusha Grinev build a flying kite?

A) a desk

B) general notebook

B) geographical map

D) the book "Arithmetic" by L.F. Magnitsky

D) wooden ruler

2. What was the name of the "teacher" - the Frenchman Petrusha?

A) Monsieur Dobre

B) Monsieur Montgolfier

B) Monsieur Coupet

D) Monsieur Beaupré

D) Monsieur Jacques

3. Who, advising Pyotr Grinev on the road, said: "... take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age."?

A) Avdotya Vasilievna (mother)

B) crooked cowshed Akulka

C) Andrei Petrovich Grinev (father)

D) Savelich

D) Pushkin

4. What was the name of the billiard captain who won 100 rubles from Grinev in the Simbirsk tavern?

A) Ivan Ivanovich Zurin

B) Alexey Iv. Shvabrin

C) Ivan Kuzmich Mironov

D) Denis Iv. Davydov

D) Fedor Fedorovich Shponka

5. Who is a barber?

A) a hairdresser and part-time doctor / doctor

B) circus performer and part-time horse thief

C) the owner of the tavern (the kisser)

D) minister in Muslim mosques

D) a gypsy who returned to a nomadic lifestyle

6. Who was Marya Ivanovna hiding from when the rebels owned the fortress?

A) at Grinev

B) at Shvabrin

C) at the priesthood of Akulina Pamfilovna

D) General Ivan Karpovich

D) at the constable Maksimych

7. Pugachev's further "plans"?

A) Paris!

b) America!

B) to Petersburg

D) to Moscow

D) to Siberia

8. Who did Grinev want to take as his second for a duel with Shvabrin?

A) Savelich

B) Ivan Ignatich - disabled

B) Pugacheva

D) Ivan Kuzmich - commandant

D) no one

9. What name of the emperor did Pugachev assign to himself?

A) Ivan the Terrible

B) Emelyan II

C) Peter III

D) Nicholas II

D) Alexander the Great VIII

10. To whom did Grinev give his rabbit sheepskin coat?

A) Selifana

B) Shvabrina

B) Savelich

D) Masha Mironova

D) Pugachev

11. Why was Shvabrin transferred to the Belogorsk fortress?

A) for drunkenness

B) for stealing

C) for treason

D) for murder

D) for making false banknotes

12. What literary creation did you dedicate Grinev Masha Mironova?

A) a poem

B) a novel with a prologue and an epilogue

C) an editorial in "Provincial News"

D) a poem in prose (a la Turgenev)

E) ditty (a la russe)

13. What did Masha give Grinev at their parting on the eve of the capture of the fortress by the Pugachevites?

A) a letter to family

B) pistol

B) pouch

D) sword

D) a hat

14. Who did Pugachev leave as the commandant (head) of the Belogorsk fortress after the execution of Ivan Kuzmich?

A) Grineva

B) mop

B) Zurina

D) Bashkirian

D) constable

15. What did Pugachev grant to Grinev when Petrusha left for Orenburg?

A) a Bashkir horse, a sheepskin coat, half a coin

B) 2 horses, hare sheepskin coat

C) a damask of wine, 5 groszy

D) a sable hat and fox fur robe

D) a gun and several cartridges for it

16. Who gave Grinev a letter from Marya Ivanovna when Petrusha was leaving

shoot under the wall of the Orenburg fortress?

A) Savelich

B) Masha herself

C) priest Akulina Pamfilovna

D) constable Maksimych (on the side of Pugach)

D) Grinev's father - Andrey Petrovich

17. What did Shvabrin want to do with Masha after the 3-day period?

A) kill

B) to beat hard

B) give to a monastery

D) kiss

D) get married

18. What is PUNSH?

A) nickname

B) hairstyle fashionable in the 18th century

C) an alcoholic drink made from rum diluted with water and boiled with sugar, lemon and other fruits

G) piece of music(march)

D) over-earnings (kush)

19. Who told Grinev: “If you marry, you will disappear for nothing”?

A) Shvabrin

B) Savelich

C) Grinev's father

D) commandant Mironov

D) Zurin

20. Who reported Grinev's "friendship" with Pugachev to the Investigative Commission in Kazan?

A) Shvabrin

B) Masha Mironova

B) Savelich

D) Pushkin

D) officer of the Belogorsk fortress

21. Who helped Marya Ivanovna to rescue Pyotr Grinev from prison?

A) Anna Vlasyevna (niece of the court stoker)

B) Catherine II

C) Palashka (Maria Ivanovna's girlfriend)

D) Savelich

D) Ivan Ivanovich Mikhelson

22. In what year did A.S. Pushkin wrote the story "The Captain's Daughter"?

A) 1838

B) 1836

C) 1825

D) 1901

D) 1877

The key to the test on the story of A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter".

1.in; 2.g; 3.in; 4.a; 5.in; 6.in; 7.g; 8.b; 9.c; 10.d; 11.g; 12. song; 13.g; 14.g; 15.a; 16.g; 17.a;

18.c; 19.d; 20.a; 21.b; 22.b.