"we keep the traditions of our ancestors." love portfolio
Most families have their own overt or unspoken traditions. How important are they to raising happy people?
Traditions and rituals are inherent in every family. Even if you think that there is nothing like this in your family, most likely you are a little mistaken. After all, even the morning: "Hello!" and evening: Good night!" It is also a kind of tradition. What can we say about Sunday dinners with the whole family or the collective production of Christmas tree decorations.
To begin with, let's remember what such a simple and familiar word “family” means from childhood. Agree, there may be different options on the topic: and “mom, dad, me”, and “parents and grandparents”, and “sisters, brothers, uncles, aunts, etc.”. One of the most popular definitions of this term says: "A family is an association of people based on marriage or consanguinity, connected by a common life, mutual moral responsibility and mutual assistance." That is, these are not just blood relatives living under the same roof, but also people who help each other and are mutually responsible. Family members in true understanding of this word, they love each other, support, rejoice together on cheerful occasions and grieve on sad ones. They seem to be all together, but at the same time they learn to respect the opinions and personal space of each other. And there is something that unites them into one whole, inherent only to them, in addition to the stamps in the passport.
This "something" is family traditions. Remember how in childhood you loved to come to your grandmother for the summer? Or celebrate birthdays with a large crowd of relatives? Or decorate the Christmas tree with mom? These memories are filled with warmth and light.
What are family traditions? Explanatory dictionaries they say the following: "Family traditions are the usual norms, behaviors, customs and views adopted in the family, which are passed down from generation to generation." Most likely, these are the habitual standards of behavior that the child will carry with him into his life. future family and pass it on to your children.
What do family traditions give people? First, they contribute to the harmonious development of the child. After all, traditions involve the repeated repetition of some actions, and, therefore, stability. For a baby, such predictability is very important, thanks to it, over time, he ceases to be afraid of this big, incomprehensible world. Why be afraid if everything is constant, stable, and your parents are nearby? In addition, traditions help children see in their parents not just strict educators, but also friends with whom it is interesting to spend time together.
Secondly, for adults, family traditions give a sense of unity with their relatives, bring together, strengthen feelings. After all, these are often moments of pleasant pastime with those closest to you, when you can relax, be yourself and enjoy life.
Thirdly, it is the cultural enrichment of the family. It becomes not just a combination of separate "I", but a full-fledged cell of society, carrying and making its contribution to the cultural heritage of the country.
Of course, these are far from all the “pluses” of family traditions. But even this is quite enough to think: how do our families live? Maybe add some interesting traditions?
Family traditions in the world there is a huge variety. But still, in general, we can try to conditionally divide them into two large groups: general and special.
Common traditions are traditions found in most families in one form or another. These include:
- Celebration of birthdays and family holidays. This tradition is sure to be one of the first significant events in a baby's life. Thanks to such customs, both children and adults receive many "bonuses": anticipation of the holiday, good mood, the joy of communicating with the family, the feeling of being needed and important for loved ones. This tradition is one of the warmest and most cheerful.
- Household duties of all family members, cleaning, putting things in their places. When a baby is taught to do his household duties from an early age, he begins to feel included in the life of the family, learns to care.
- Joint games with children. Both adults and children take part in such games. Doing something together with children, parents show them an example, teach them different skills, show their feelings. Then, as the child grows older, it will be easier for him to maintain a trusting relationship with mom and dad.
- Family dinner. Many families honor the traditions of hospitality, which helps to unite families by gathering them at the same table.
- Family Council. This is a “meeting” of all family members, at which important issues are resolved, the situation is discussed, further plans are made, the family budget is considered, etc. It is very important to involve children in the advice - this way the child will learn to be responsible, as well as better understand his relatives.
- Traditions of "carrot and stick". Each family has its own rules, for which it is possible (if possible) to punish the child, and how to encourage him. Someone gives extra pocket money, and someone gives a joint trip to the circus. The main thing for parents is not to overdo it, excessive demands from adults can make a child inactive and lethargic, or, conversely, envious and angry.
- Rituals of greeting and farewell. Good morning wishes and sweet dreams, kisses, hugs, meeting when returning home - all this is a sign of attention and care from loved ones.
- Days of memory of deceased relatives and friends.
- Joint walks, trips to theaters, cinemas, exhibitions, travel trips - these traditions enrich the life of the family, make it brighter and richer.
Special traditions are special traditions that belong to one given family. Perhaps this is a habit on Sundays to sleep before dinner, or go on a picnic on weekends. Or home theater. Or hiking in the mountains. Or…
Also, all family traditions can be divided into those that have developed on their own and deliberately brought into the family. About how to create new tradition we'll talk a little later. And now let's consider interesting examples family traditions. Perhaps you will like some of them, and you want to introduce it into your family?
How many families - how many examples of traditions can be found in the world. But sometimes they are so interesting and unusual that you immediately start to think: “But shouldn’t I come up with something like that?”.
So, examples of interesting family traditions:
- Joint fishing until the morning. Dad, mom, children, night and mosquitoes - few will dare to do this! But on the other hand, a lot of emotions and new impressions are also provided!
- Family cooking. Mom kneads the dough, dad twists the minced meat, and the child makes dumplings. Well, so what, which is not quite even and correct. The main thing is that everyone is cheerful, happy and soiled in flour!
- Quests on the occasion of a birthday. Each birthday person - whether it be a child or a grandfather - is given a card in the morning, according to which he is looking for clues leading him to a gift.
- Trips to the sea in winter. Collect backpacks with the whole family and go to the sea coast, breathe fresh air, have a picnic or spend the night in a winter tent - all this will give unusual sensations and unite the family.
- Draw postcards for each other. Just like that, without a reason and special artistic talent. Instead of being offended and pouting, write: “I love you! Although you are sometimes unbearable ... But I am also not a gift.
- Together with the kids, bake shortcakes for the feast of St. Nicholas for orphans. Joint selfless good deeds and trips to Orphanage help children become kinder and more sympathetic, and grow up to be caring people.
- Night story. No, not just when a mother reads to her baby. And when all adults read in turn, and everyone listens. Light, kind, eternal.
- Meet New Year every time in a new place. It does not matter where it will be - on the square of a foreign city, on the top of a mountain or near the Egyptian pyramids, the main thing is not to repeat yourself!
- Evenings of poems and songs. When the family gets together, everyone sits in a circle, composes poetry - each line by line - and immediately come up with music for them, and sing along with the guitar. Great! You can also arrange home performances and puppet theater.
- "Putting" gifts to neighbors. Going unnoticed, the family gives gifts to neighbors and friends. What a pleasure to give!
- We speak kind words. Every time before eating, everyone says nice words and compliments to each other. Inspiring, right?
- Cooking with love. "Did you put love?" “Yes, of course, I will now. Give it to me, please, it's in the locker!
- Holiday on the top shelf. The custom is to meet all the holidays on the train. Fun and on the move!
In order to create a new family tradition, you need only two things: your desire and the principled consent of the household. The algorithm for creating a tradition can be summarized as follows:
- Actually, come up with the tradition itself. Try to involve all family members to the maximum to create a friendly close-knit atmosphere.
- Take the first step. Try your "action". It is very important to saturate it with positive emotions - then everyone will look forward to the next time.
- Be moderate in your desires. Do not immediately introduce many different traditions for each day of the week. It takes time for habits to take hold. Yes, and when everything in life is planned out to the smallest detail, this is also not interesting. Leave room for surprises!
- Reinforce the tradition. It is necessary to repeat it several times so that it is remembered and began to be strictly observed. But do not bring the situation to the point of absurdity - if there is a blizzard or a downpour on the street, it may be worth refusing to walk. In other cases, the tradition is better to follow.
When a new family is created, it often happens that the spouses do not have the same concept of traditions. For example, in the groom's family, it is customary to celebrate all the holidays in the circle of numerous relatives, and the bride met these events only with her mother and father, and some dates could not be coped with at all. In this case, the newlyweds may immediately brew a conflict. What to do in case of disagreement? The advice is simple - only a compromise. Discuss the problem and find the most suitable solution for both. Come up with a new tradition - already a common one - and everything will work out!
In Russia, from time immemorial, family traditions have been honored and protected. They are a very important part of the historical and cultural heritage countries. What family traditions were in Russia?
Firstly, important rule for each person there was knowledge of their pedigree, moreover, not at the level of “grandparents”, but much deeper. In each noble family, a genealogical tree was compiled, a detailed genealogy was carefully stored and transmitted stories about the life of their ancestors. Over time, when cameras appeared, the maintenance and storage of family albums began, passing them by inheritance to younger generations. This tradition has come down to our times - many families have old albums with photographs of loved ones and relatives, even those who are no longer with us. It is always pleasant to reconsider these “pictures of the past”, to rejoice or, conversely, to feel sad. Now, with the widespread use of digital photographic equipment, there are more and more frames, but most often they remain electronic files that have not “flowed” onto paper. On the one hand, it is much easier and more convenient to store photos in this way, they do not take up space on the shelves, do not turn yellow over time, and do not get dirty. And yes, you can shoot more often. But even that trepidation associated with the expectation of a miracle has also become less. After all, at the very beginning of the photo era, going to a family photo was a whole event - they carefully prepared for it, dressed smartly, everyone walked joyfully together - why not a separate beautiful tradition for you?
Secondly, honoring the memory of relatives, commemoration of the departed, as well as care and constant care for elderly parents has been and remains a primordially Russian family tradition. In this, it is worth noting, the Russian people differ from European countries where the elderly are mainly cared for by special institutions. It is not for us to judge whether this is good or bad, but the fact that such a tradition exists and is alive is a fact.
Thirdly, in Russia since ancient times it has been customary to pass on from generation to generation family heirlooms - jewelry, dishes, some things of distant relatives. Often young girls got married in the wedding dresses of their mothers, who had previously received them from their mothers, etc. Therefore, in many families there have always been special "secret places" where grandfather's watches, grandmother's rings, family silver and other valuables were kept.
Fourthly, earlier it was very popular to name a born child in honor of one of the family members. This is how “family names” appeared, and families where, for example, grandfather Ivan, son Ivan and grandson Ivan.
Fifth, an important family tradition of the Russian people was and is the assignment of a patronymic to a child. Thus, already at birth, the baby receives part of the name of the genus. Calling someone by name - patronymic, we express our respect and courtesy.
Sixth, earlier very often the child was assigned church name in honor of the saint who is honored on the birthday of the baby. According to legend, such a name will protect the child from evil forces and help in life. Nowadays, such a tradition is observed infrequently, and mainly among deeply religious people.
Seventh, in Rus' there were professional dynasties - whole generations of bakers, shoemakers, doctors, military men, priests. Growing up, the son continued the work of his father, then the same work was continued by his son, and so on. Unfortunately, now such dynasties in Russia are very, very rare.
Eighth, an important family tradition was, and even now they are increasingly returning to this, the obligatory wedding of the newlyweds in the church, and the baptism of infants.
Yes, there were many interesting family traditions in Russia. Take at least the traditional feast. No wonder they talk about the "broad Russian soul." But it’s true, they carefully prepared for the reception of guests, cleaned the house and the yard, set the tables with the best tablecloths and towels, put pickles in dishes stored especially for special occasions. The hostess came out on the threshold with bread and salt, bowed from the waist to the guests, and they bowed to her in return. Then everyone went to the table, ate, sang songs, talked. Eh, beauty!
Some of these traditions hopelessly sunk into oblivion. But how interesting it is to notice that many of them are alive, and they are still passed down from generation to generation, from father to son, from mother to daughter ... And, therefore, the people have a future!
The cult of family traditions in different countries
In Great Britain important point in the upbringing of a child is the goal to raise a true Englishman. Children are raised in strictness, they are taught to restrain their emotions. At first glance, it may seem that the British love their children less than parents in other countries. But this, of course, is a deceptive impression, because they are just used to showing their love in a different way, not like, for example, in Russia or Italy.
In Japan, it is very rare to hear a child crying - all the wishes of children under 6 years old are immediately fulfilled. All these years, the mother is engaged only in raising the baby. But then the child goes to school, where strict discipline and order await him. It is also curious that under one roof usually lives the whole big family both old people and babies.
In Germany, there is a tradition of late marriages - it is rare for anyone to start a family before the age of thirty. It is believed that until this time, future spouses can realize themselves at work, build a career, and are already able to provide for their families.
In Italy, the concept of "family" is comprehensive - it includes all relatives, including the most distant ones. An important family tradition is joint dinners, where everyone communicates, shares their news, and discusses pressing problems. Interestingly, the Italian mother plays an important role in choosing a son-in-law or daughter-in-law.
In France, women prefer a career to raising children, so after a very short time after the birth of a child, the mother returns to work, and her child goes to kindergarten.
In America, an interesting family tradition is the habit of early childhood accustom children to life in society, supposedly this will help their children in adulthood. Therefore, it is quite natural to see families with small children both in cafes and at parties.
In Mexico, the cult of marriage is not so high. Families often live without official registration. But male friendship there is quite strong, the community of men supports each other, helps in solving problems.
As you can see, family traditions are interesting and cool. Do not neglect them, because they unite the family, help it become one.
“Love your family, spend time together and be happy!”
Anna Kutyavina for site site
The continuity of generations is no longer in vogue. Modern parents keep old photos not in an album, but on electronic media, but New Year cards grandparents are now sent most often via instant messengers, and not by mail. Expert "Oh!" and child psychologist Anna Skavitina discusses what is the main value of family traditions and why it is simply necessary to try to preserve them.
Family values are what makes one family different from another. This is a family memory, traditions that are passed down from generation to generation, in general, something that families usually do not even think about, taking their presence for granted. We simply share them with the rest of the family or rebel against them. But before dividing or rebelling, you can try to realize what is so special about your family, how it is connected, what threads and events you are intertwined with.
Look through the family album with your children, and if you suddenly don’t have one, do it, tell the children about close and distant relatives, think about whether there is something similar in their fates, whether this is reflected in your fate.
For example, in our country, which has gone through numerous wars, there are many families from which, generation after generation, men were “washed out”: they went to partisans, to one war or another, participated little in family life And . Such families seem to have unconsciously lost the value of men, or, conversely, the men in them have acquired supervalue, because, due to historical events, the house had to cope without them.
We also have such value as intelligence and efficiency. In such families, it is customary to work very hard and invest all the remaining time in education. The same is required from children, rest is considered as an absolutely unworthy occupation, for which one can be ashamed.
Our family values pass on from generation to generation the common meanings of existence, like relay baton, which can be both positive and negative for us. If your family has wonderful traditions that you would like to pass on to your children, then this can be done through communication, actions or your behavior.
Family traditions are recurring rituals that reflect our inner values. Common traditions unite the family, support, soothe, make life predictable. There is a desire to return home, to take part in the life of the family, there is a feeling of greater meaning from what is happening.
People in whose lives there is a place for family traditions, in general. Support, stability, understanding of what is happening in the world is especially important for children. The more stable the family, the calmer and more successful the child.
What traditions do you have in your family? What is passed down from generation to generation, and what was born almost by accident? Yes, yes, many rituals arise almost from nothing and become traditions, because they correspond to the values of your family.
Remember what values your family rituals reflect. For example, the tradition of sending New Year cards to everyone, calling close and distant relatives reflects the value of joint support: when there are many of us, we are strong, we are not alone. The tradition of common feasts conveys the value of unity, family strength. It is thanks to them that the child receives role models and ways that will teach him how to deal with his feelings correctly, understanding whether he can count on the support of loved ones or should.
If it seems to you that your family does not have many family traditions, it does not matter. Get together with or without your children for a family council and talk about what is important to each of you. Perhaps from this conversation ideas of new traditions will be born that will be supported by your family for many years.
5 ideas for family traditions
Joint leisure
Going for a picnic in warm weather, walking in the forest or in the park, at home, going to the cinema or theater and discussing what you have watched, evening conversations over tea.
Joint feasts
There used to be a tradition of hospitality: the guest came - feed. It was believed that a person who shared a meal with you cannot be your enemy, keep evil at you. Sitting in the kitchen with food, tea, discussing everything in the world with friends or family members is the Russian version of psychotherapy.
Celebrations of family and personal events
Birthdays, New Year, March 8, school - all these are reasons for unity, separation and multiplication of joy for the family.
family photo album
A family photo album, the creation of a family tree, a family coat of arms - an opportunity to be proud of your relatives, their achievements, history, connection with the roots. This gives greater stability to each member of the family.
family heirlooms
Manuscripts, a grandmother's ring or dress, a gramophone - these family talismans, "trifles" that protect us, convey to us the message of previous generations, tell us: "Everyone is valuable to his family, the world, and you are important to your family."
How to stop passing on the baton of family values and traditions that negatively affect you and your children? The main thing is to realize what this influence consists of, and try, as far as you can, to change the situation little by little.
I know a family in which it was absolutely not customary to celebrate children's birthdays. So it was accepted by parents in families - and they transferred their experience to their children. The kids in this family sometimes went to other people's birthdays, but on their own birthdays they got some cheap little bunny and the words, "Oh, by the way, it's your birthday." They were forever offended, constantly sorting things out with each other. In this family, individual manifestations were not valued, no one supported the value of each other.
The parents decided to change this situation. Somehow they agreed to decorate the Christmas tree together two days before the New Year, and then to celebrate children's birthdays. They discussed how each child dreamed of spending this day, thought that they could do everything together to make the dream come true. No, the magic did not happen, but they felt that the family became warmer - and now they know that there is a place where they are loved. And, probably, this is exactly what traditions are for - to help us feel that there is a place on earth where you are loved and expected!
How long has it been in last time did you make dumplings with the whole house? And when they gathered with all the relatives and went ... to the cemetery to visit the graves of departed loved ones? Can you remember the last time all family members sat in the same room and took turns reading aloud? interesting books? About what traditions we have forgotten in vain and what benefits they can bring us in the 21st century, we were told by the teacher-psychologist of the highest category Tatyana Vorobyeva and Priest Stefan Domuschi, head of Department of doctrinal disciplines of the Orthodox Institute of St. John the Evangelist.
TRADITION 1. FAMILY MEAL
Do you know that, according to Domostroy, the youngest was not supposed to start eating or trying this or that dish at the table before the head of the family (or the most distinguished of the guests) did it? And what to wait for each other for a joint meal, not to pounce on food before everyone comes, and not to eat too much, thinking about what others will get, does the apostle Paul recommend to the first Christians in his epistles?
It can be rightly noted that now we live in a completely different rhythm than people from the times of Domostroy. Right. But to write off the tradition of a common meal as "irrelevant" is still not worth it. During a common family feast, the most important mechanisms of interaction between family members are developed and consolidated. Which?
First, the ability to adapt to all loved ones. “Sitting at a common table and sharing food with our loved ones, we overcome the egoism natural for a fallen person, we learn to share the most important thing: what is the basis of our life,” says priest Stefan Domusci.
Secondly, the tradition of eating together teaches us to communicate, listen and hear each other not on the fly, meeting in a common corridor, but for at least 20 minutes. A trifle, it would seem, but worth a lot.
Thirdly, in a joint meal there is also an educational moment. Only, as the psychologist Tatyana Vorobyova says, contrary to common practice, he assumes “not the teachings of a strict father and the incessant beating of the child on the forehead with a spoon, but the fact that at the table the child learns good behavior, learns to care for others.”
But modern life introduces nuances: we come home from work at different times, everything is in a different state, the wife is on a diet, the husband is not in the mood. How to be? According to Tatyana Vorobyova, a joint family meal today can be expressed in other, not quite familiar forms. “There is a so-called “meal with everyone,” explains Tatyana Vladimirovna. “It is rather not about the physical presence at the table of all family members, but about what and how we have prepared.” You need to find time not just to feed your family, but to please them, remember what they love, take care of even the smallest things.
TRADITION 2. COOKING TOGETHER, A "FAMILY" DISH
Preparing for a meal will help you find mutual language and improve relationships between family members no less effectively than a joint lunch or dinner. Many people remember that even 20 years ago, the general modeling of dumplings or baking a cake was perceived as a solemn family ritual, and not boring household chores.
According to the priest Stefan Domusci, it is useful to cook together not only famous dishes, but also something new: “An old recipe helps to feel the connection of generations, a living memory of those who cooked this dish many years ago. New - to unite everyone in joyful expectation: will it work out, will it be tasty?
The main thing, according to the psychologist Tatyana Vorobyova, is teamwork, when everyone makes their own contribution to the common cause. It is important that, for example, the chores for the arrival of guests do not fall only on the mother and that responsibilities are distributed according to strength. And for children, this is a chance to feel significant, needed.
TRADITION 3. HOME HOLIDAYS
Home celebrations still exist today. So what have we forgotten in this tradition? A very important detail: in the old days, the holidays were not limited to a feast, until the middle of the twentieth century, home performances, puppet theater, games for both children and adults were organized (like “live pictures”, which even members of the imperial family played, or “ Literary Lotto”), issue of a home newspaper.
What should the whole family celebrate? Only New Year, Christmas or birthday?
Even the smallest dates or anniversaries that are significant for each individual family member should be celebrated, says psychologist Tatyana Vorobyeva. On this day, the daughter went to school, on this day the son entered the institute, on this day he came from the army, and on this day, mom and dad met. It is not necessary to celebrate with a feast, the main thing is attention. “The family differs from friends and acquaintances in that relatives remember all the smallest, but milestones in a person's life, - explains Tatyana Vladimirovna. “He is significant, his whole life has value.”
Any holiday and its preparation is a living, non-virtual and unhurried communication, which (I have to repeat) is less and less in our century. “Each holiday provides an opportunity to test whether he can really communicate,” says Father Stefan. - It often happens that a husband and wife see each other only a couple of times a day and exchange only news with each other, and therefore, when they have a free evening, it turns out that they have nothing to talk about heart to heart as close people. In addition, the priest recalls, Orthodox holidays give believers the opportunity to take communion with the whole family, to feel that the basis of the true unity of the family is not only blood ties, but participation in the Body of Christ itself.
TRADITION 4. TRIPS TO DISTANT RELATIVES
If you want to denigrate a person, then, rest assured, no one will do it better than his relatives, - William Thackeray noted in the novel Vanity Fair. But at the same time, the tradition of frequent visits to relatives, near and far, to strengthen family ties, is known in many cultures.
Often a heavy and boring "duty" - is there any point in maintaining such a custom?
The need to adapt to "distant neighbors" and endure the associated inconvenience can be a plus for a Christian, says priest Stefan Domusci. “A modern person communicates more often with friends, work colleagues, with those with whom it is interesting to communicate,” he says. - A in big family- everyone is different, everyone has their own interests, their own life. Thus, communication with distant relatives helps to overcome the consumer attitude towards people.”
In any case, the priest believes, for real good relations, true friendship must be learned: to learn to appreciate people for what they are, and not to treat them as a source of services and opportunities.
The question is ambiguous - Tatyana Vorobyeva believes: indeed, from time immemorial, the family has been a value, but today there are no such close ties anymore - the family would be kept from internal splits! “Sometimes when visiting distant relatives you can meet envy, hostility, and discussions. Then this trail of unnecessary conversations and clarifications trails behind you, and this is not useful to anyone, ”says the psychologist. “Remembering kinship has never bothered anyone,” she is sure, “however, first of all, you need to establish and maintain relationships in your own family:“ my home is my fortress ””.
TRADITION 5. LEISURE WITH CHILDREN
Tents, kayaks, large baskets for mushrooms. Today, if such attributes of an active family holiday are preserved in houses, they often simply gather dust for years on the balcony. Meanwhile, joint leisure brings up trust and interest in parents in children. “This, in the end, decides whether the children are comfortable with mom and dad or not,” says Tatyana Vorobyeva.
Living examples, not edifying words, educate a child, and on vacation, various situations, pleasant and difficult, are more diverse than at home. “You can see everything here,” says Tatyana Vladimirovna. - Fairly or not, we solve certain issues, how we distribute responsibilities, who will take on a heavier backpack, who will go to bed last, making sure that the house is clean and everything is prepared for tomorrow. Therefore, spending time together is an important lesson that children will use in their own families.”
Unobtrusive lessons of behavior not at a school desk, but in the form of a lively dialogue will be deposited in children's memory and will be fixed much more reliably!
“Joint rest also contributes to the fact that the child learns the world of wildlife, learns to treat it with care,” Father Stefan believes. “In addition, this is an opportunity to talk, talk about important things alone or all together.”
Today it is quite fashionable to spend holidays separately, to send children to camps. According to the psychologist, the desire to send a child to rest in a children's camp to the detriment of family leisure can be the beginning of family separation: “It is better that the time spent by the family together is as much as possible. But with a caveat: you don’t have to do anything by force.”
TRADITION 6. FAMILY READING ALOUD
“In the evenings, especially in winter, when we were alone, we read together: for the most part she, and I listened. Here, in addition to the pleasure produced by reading itself, it was also delivered by the fact that it excited our thoughts and sometimes served as an occasion for the most interesting judgments and conversations between us on the occasion of some thought, some incident encountered in the book, ”describes reading aloud with his wife poet and literary critic M. A. Dmitriev (1796–1866).
They read aloud in the family circle, in a friendly circle, parents read to their children, children to their parents.
Today, perhaps, there is only reading aloud to children. But even this custom, says Tatyana Vorobyova, is being left its mark by modernity.
“Given our busyness and intensity of life, it is more realistic to read a book and tell a child about it, recommend it, retell its plot, and interest it. Moreover, it is necessary to recommend a book emotionally significant, that is, with genuine interest.
The advantages are obvious: a taste for reading and for good literature is formed, moral questions are raised in books that can be discussed. And besides, the psychologist says, we ourselves must be educated and savvy in order to go one step ahead and recommend what will correspond to the child's horizons and his interests.
If we are talking about two adults - about spouses or about adult children - then it makes sense to read some spiritual literature together. On one condition: it is necessary to read to those who want to hear. “Here you have to be careful,” Tatyana Vladimirovna explains, “you can’t impose anything.”
Children very often reject what we consider it our duty to inspire them. “Recently,” recalls Tatyana Vorobyova, “I had a consultation with a boy who screamed that his mother was making him believe in God. You can't force it.
Give the child the opportunity to become interested, for example, leave the children's Bible in front of him, put a bookmark, and then ask:
Did you see I left a page for you there? Have you looked?
Looked.
Did you see?
What was there to see?
And I read it there! Go find it, see it.
That is, you can gently push a person to interested reading.
TRADITION 7. PEDIGREE COMPILATION, MEMORY OF THE KIND
Genealogy as a science appeared only in the 17th-18th centuries, but knowing one's roots has always been of great importance. To join the modern Order of Malta, you still need to show a solid pedigree. And if we do not need to join the Order of Malta? ... Why today know about your ancestors further than great-grandfathers and great-grandmothers?
“It always seems to a selfish person that there was nothing before him and there will be nothing after him. And compiling a family tree is a way to realize the continuity of generations, to understand one's place in the world, to feel responsibility towards past and future generations,” Father Stefan argues.
From the point of view of psychology, the memory of one's kind, knowledge of one's ancestors helps a person to form himself as a person, to improve his own character traits.
“The fact is that infirmities and shortcomings are transmitted from generation to generation, and an ineradicable deficiency will not go anywhere, it will grow from generation to generation,” says Tatyana Vorobyeva. - Therefore, if we know that someone from our family was, say, hot-tempered, quick-tempered, we must understand that this can manifest itself in our children. And we need to work on ourselves in order to eradicate this ardor and irascibility. This is true for both negative and positive traits- something can be hidden in a person that he does not suspect, and you can also work on this.
And for a Christian, the memory of the family, the knowledge of the names of their ancestors is, in addition, the opportunity to pray for them: a real deed that we can do for those to whom we owe our lives.
TRADITION 8
Seven times a year, Orthodox Christians specifically find time to attend divine services, go to the cemetery and commemorate their dead relatives - this parent Saturdays, the days when we especially commemorate the departed. A tradition revived in the Russian Church in the 1990s.
How and why to implement it together with the family?
Of course, this is an occasion to gather together for the Liturgy.
What else? To understand that members of the same family are responsible for each other, that a person is not alone both in life and after death. “Memories of the departed encourage us to be more attentive to the living,” says Father Stefan.
“Death is a difficult moment. And therefore it is important that at this moment the family is together - we unite, we do not separate, - Tatyana Vorobyeva explains. “However, there should be no violence, no “commitment” – this should come from the needs of each family member and from the capabilities of each.”
TRADITION 9. FAMILY RELICKS
“Throw away, take to the country, sell to an antique shop?” - the question in relation to the things we inherited from our grandparents often stands that way.
However, any such thing on a difficult day can serve as a consolation for us, says psychologist Tatyana Vorobyova. Not to mention photographs, memoirs and diaries - unique things that reveal the subtle facets of a person's soul, which are closed in everyday life. “When you read about your loved one, you recognize his thoughts, his sufferings, sorrows, his joys, experiences, he comes to life and becomes much closer and more understandable to you! - explains Tatyana Vladimirovna. “And, again, this allows us to understand our own character traits, reveals the reasons for many events in the family.”
It often happens that vintage postcards and letters shed light on such details of the biography of our great-grandfathers, which could not be - for personal or for political motives- disclosed in life! Antiques, letters are “documents” of a bygone era, which we can thus tell children about in a much more exciting and lively way than a history textbook would.
And, finally, antiques, especially those donated, with engraving, dedication - the door to the living personality of a person. “Holding a thing that belonged to your great-great-grandfather, re-reading old letters, looking at postcards, photographs - all this gives a feeling of a living connection, supports the memory of those who have long been gone, but thanks to whom you are,” says Father Stefan.
TRADITION 10. HANDWRITTEN LETTERS, POSTCARDS
Have you noticed how difficult it is today to find a postcard with an empty spread so that you can write something from yourself? In the last century, the spread was always left blank, and the postcards themselves were a work of art. The first appeared in Russia in 1894 - with the image of a landmark and the inscriptions: "Greetings from (such and such a city)" or "Bow from (such and such a city)". Is there any real benefit - get from loved one not mms from city N, but a real letter or a postcard?
If you think about it, any handwritten postcard or letter is an occasion to express your thoughts and feelings without the usual abbreviations, beautiful, correct language.
“Real letters, without jargon and abbreviations, without language distortions, develop the skill of thoughtful, deep and sincere communication,” notes Father Stefan. Moreover, according to the priest, such letters do not have to be written by hand at all, they can also be emails - the main thing is that the letter encourages distraction from haste and encourages joint reflection.
Tatyana Vorobyova, on the contrary, believes that it makes sense to write letters by hand - then it is a living voice of another person, with all personal nuances.
TRADITION 11. KEEPING A PERSONAL DIARY
“Several times I took up my daily notes and always retreated out of laziness,” wrote Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, and in what, in what, and in this kind of laziness, many of us are “in solidarity” with the great poet! ..
Personal diaries they have been kept in Russia since the 18th century: they could have a literary form, including the experiences and thoughts of the author, or they could be schematic, like, say, the diary of Emperor Nicholas II, containing short messages about daily activities and even menu items.
In addition, recording what happened is a way to look at your life from the outside, to see not a fragmentary, but a complete picture. In our time, when the days are busy and fly by like seconds, this is doubly important!
“Keeping a diary is not just writing down what happened during the day, it is an opportunity to reflect on your life,” Father Stefan believes. “In addition, by rereading the diary, you can trace the evolution of your thoughts and feelings.”
Is an electronic diary an option?
Yes, if he is not overly frank, the priest believes. In his opinion, public personal records on the Internet can be both an invitation to discuss their thoughts, and a game for the public, coming from vanity.
In a normal diary, you may be ambiguous, but you know what you mean. On the web, almost anyone can read your blog, which means that you must learn to clearly articulate your thoughts in order to be understood correctly. Bloggers are well aware of the bitter disputes and even quarrels that misunderstood discussions can lead to.
TRADITION 12. Hospitality
“One should be friendly and give due honor according to the rank and dignity of each person. With love and gratitude, honor each of them with an affectionate word, talk with everyone and greet with a kind word, eat and drink, or put it on the table, or give it from your hands with good greetings, and otherwise send something, but each with something then to single out and please everyone, ”Domostroy speaks of hospitality, that is, an invitation to the house and family of strangers.
Today, most of us do not live in Domostroy. What to do with this tradition?
There are many cases when a priest blesses a family to take on a person, and then this person, who has become rich, sits up, becomes hated by them - and they tolerate him only out of obedience. “Obedience with hatred, with irritation is not good for anyone,” says psychologist Tatyana Vorobyova. - Therefore, you need to proceed from your real capabilities, from a sober reasoning. Today, hospice is an extraordinary thing, unusual and takes other forms. You cannot settle a person in your house - help in any way you can: with a piece of bread, money, prayer. The main thing is not to push away.
At the same time, the psychologist believes, hospitality can be useful only when all family members agree to it. If everyone agrees to endure some inconvenience - to stay in the ear not 15 minutes, but 2; wash the dishes for the guest; leave early for work, etc. - then it is possible. Otherwise, a moment will come when, for example, the son will say to his parents: “You let this person in, but it irritates and depresses me.” And throwing will begin, hypocrisy - an attempt to please both the son and the one who was accepted. And any hypocrisy is a lie, which is not useful for the family.
Father Stefan is convinced that spiritual hospitality is an attempt to go beyond the family, beyond corporate interests and simply help a person. How to implement it today? You can try to accept, without refusing, if not strangers, but at least distant relatives, acquaintances who are in need and turn to you with such a request.
TRADITION 13. GAMES WITH ALL YARD
Today, many yearn for that friendly life that used to reign in the yards. “A good experience of friendship in childhood supports a person throughout life,” says priest Stefan Domusci. Neither parents nor grandparents will ever be able to replace the child's communication with peers. In the yard, a teenager can acquire those life skills that he will never learn in a greenhouse at home.
What to look for when a child goes out to play in the yard?
“What you have laid at home will surely manifest itself in social communication- says Tatyana Vladimirovna. - Here you can immediately see: the child plays honestly or dishonestly, scandalously or not scandalously, is he proud in these games or can he still suffer, give in? What did you bring up in him, what did you lay down, with that he will go out into the yard: is he his own general or is he a conformist and will bend under others? All the boys will smoke poplar leaves, and he will smoke? Or will he say: “No, I will not smoke”? You need to pay attention to this."
TRADITION 14
A fact that seems incredible: in the family of the last Russian emperor, the royal daughters literally wore clothes one after another. Researcher Igor Zimin writes in his book “The Adult World of Imperial Residences”: “When ordering each new dress, Alexandra Fedorovna was really always interested in its price and complained about the high cost. This was not petty, it was a habit absorbed from the time of a poor childhood and enshrined in the English puritan court of Queen Victoria. The closest friend of the Empress wrote that “raised in a small court, the Empress knew the value of money and therefore was thrifty. Dresses and shoes passed from the older grand duchesses to the younger ones.
Today, in many homes, wearing out clothes is a requirement of the times: there is nothing left to do if the family is large, but the income is not. But is this the only thing?
“The tradition of wearing clothes will help to learn reasonable and careful attitude to things, and through this - to the whole world around us, - Father Stefan believes. “In addition, it develops a sense of responsibility in a person, as he must keep the clothes in good condition and pass them on to another.”
From the point of view of psychologist Tatyana Vorobyeva, this brings up modesty and the habit of caring for others in a person. And the attitude towards such a tradition - a feeling of shame and annoyance or a feeling of kinship, intimacy and gratitude - depends entirely on the parents: “It must be presented correctly - as a gift, a gift, and not like cast-offs: “What a caring brother you have, what a fine fellow! Look, he wore his shoes carefully so that you could have them when your day comes. Here he comes!” When we give away a gold watch, this is very significant, but when we give away good shoes that we took care of, lined with a piece of paper, missed, cleaned - is this not a gift? You can say, for example, like this: “Our Andryushka ran in these boots, and now, son, you will run! And maybe someone will get them from you - you take care of them. Then there will be no neglect, no disgust, no feeling of inferiority.
TRADITION 15. WEDDING CUSTOMS
Young people were officially allowed to get to know each other on their own, at will, only during the time of Peter I. Before that, everything related to birth new family, was strictly regulated and driven into the framework of dozens of customs. Today, their pale likeness remains, but the proverb “To be at a wedding, but not to be drunk is a sin,” alas, still sits deep in the minds of many people.
Does it make sense to observe wedding traditions, if so, which ones?
“A Christian should always be serious about what he fills his life with,” says Father Stefan. - There are a lot of wedding traditions, among them there are both pagan and Christian ones, both decent and very bad ... Respecting traditions, it is important to strike a balance, remember that marriage is, first of all, a Sacrament, and not a series of performed customs " .
Perhaps, few people will regret the past tradition of wallowing mother-in-law in the mud on the second day of the wedding. But it would be worth thinking about the revival of such forgotten customs as engagement, betrothal (an agreement preceding the wedding in time).
“At the same time, it is hardly worth reviving betrothal as just a beautiful custom - to put on rings and take a vow of fidelity,” Father Stefan believes. - The fact is that in church law, under obligations, betrothal is equated to marriage. Therefore, every time the issue of betrothal should be decided individually. Today, there are many difficulties with weddings, and if people are also offered betrothal ... The question arises: will this not be the imposition of “unbearable burdens” on people?”
Tatyana Vorobyeva also advises to treat wedding traditions with caution, without fanaticism: “The husband and wife take on this day the hardest cross of responsibility for each other, patience of weaknesses, each other's fatigue, sometimes misunderstanding. Therefore, the only indisputable wedding tradition, in my opinion, is the parental blessing for marriage. And in this sense, the old custom of giving a young family an icon - usually these are the wedding icons of the Lord and the Virgin - as a sign of blessing, of course, has deep meaning».
According to the psychologist, the main parting word that parents should convey to the newlyweds is their parents' acceptance of them as husband and wife. Children should know that from the moment of the wedding, their parents will not separate them, figure out who is right and who is wrong, but will make every effort to preserve their union. This approach gives rise to the confidence of a young family in their parents and helps to realize themselves as a single whole, inseparable.
“Grumbling, grumbling of a father or mother, such a “noble curse” to an unborn family - this is the worst thing that can be! - says Tatyana Vorobyeva. - On the contrary, young spouses should feel that their parents perceive them as a single whole. And, for example, during some kind of disagreement in the family, the mother-in-law will not condemn the daughter-in-law, say: “My son is the best, he is right!”
TRADITION 16. PARENTAL BLESSING
The future St. Sergius of Radonezh did not disobey his parents when they did not bless him to leave for the monastery until they died. But the Monk Theodosius of the Caves fled to the monastery against the will of his mother, who brought him back from the path and even beat him ...
The latter is rather unusual. “Parental blessing does not sink in water, does not burn in fire,” our ancestors noted. “This is the biggest legacy that parents leave to their children. Therefore, children should take care to receive it, ”explained the modern Athos ascetic Paisius Svyatogorets. However, the Church does not believe that the commandment "honor your father and mother" is associated for a Christian with absolute obedience to parents.
“It is sad, but for centuries this commandment was perceived in Rus' in such a way that parents were considered almost the masters of their children, and any disobedience was boldly equated with disrespect. In fact, there are words in the New Testament that make this commandment mutual: “And you, fathers, do not irritate your children ...”, Father Stefan argues, explaining: “Parental desire to do what they think is right must be balanced by the desire and freedom of children : it is necessary to try to listen to each other and do everything not out of selfish desires, but with reasoning.
Today, it is rather customary to choose your own path: for example, simply inform the father and mother about the upcoming marriage. Isn't the institution of parental blessing dead - at least for marriage?
“Blessing parents at any time is very important. This is evidence of how significant the father and mother are for their children, says psychologist Tatyana Vorobyeva. - Moreover, this is not about the authoritarianism of parents, but about their authority - that is, about the children's trust in their parents. And this trust is a consequence right upbringing».
On the part of children, obedience to parents, according to the psychologist, testifies to the personal maturity of a person.
However, Tatyana Vladimirovna notes, parents are different, motives are different: “You can love with blind, humiliating love, for example, when a mother dares to choose a wife for her son, based on her selfish motives. Therefore, parents should remember: children are not our property, they are given to us “on loan”, they must be “returned” to the Creator.”
TRADITION 17. FAMILY COUNCIL
“You can have a thousand advisers from outside, but the family must make the decision itself and together,” Tatyana Vorobyeva is sure.
Firstly, everyone speaks out here - sincerely, not hypocritically, the opinion of all family members is taken into account, which means that everyone feels significant, everyone has the right to be heard.
Secondly, the skill of developing a common opinion is very important: we speak out, listen, oppose each other - and thus find the only correct solution.
“This approach does not give a reason to blame each other later: “But you decided that!” As, for example, mothers often say: “This is how you raised your children!” Excuse me, but where were you at that moment? .. "
If it is not possible to reach a consensus, then the final word may remain with the head of the family. “But then,” Tatyana Vorobyova warns, “this word should be so weighty, so reasoned or built on such high trust that it will not cause the slightest doubt or discontent in anyone! And it will lead to subordination by trust to the head of the family.
TRADITION OF THE PATRIARCH
By the way, few people know that on every visit to St. Petersburg, His Holiness always leaves time to visit the graves of his parents. Here is how the press secretary of the Patriarch, Deacon Alexander Volkov, tells about this tradition: “The Patriarch always visits cemeteries in St. Petersburg to commemorate his parents<…>. Always - it means absolutely always, every time. And this, of course, leaves a very strong feeling- who the parents were for the Patriarch, how much he loved them, what they did for him in life and how grateful he is to them. And you always think about how often you yourself visit the graves of your relatives (and if possible, in addition to the graves of your parents, he visits several more places of burials of relatives, we just do not report this). In general, a very instructive example of the attitude towards deceased relatives is given by the Patriarch. And the inscription on the wreath - “ dear parents from loving son”- completely informal.”
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(Ax.) 7) Due to severe overwork, I could not sleep, so that the night seemed to me, despite all its splendor, very long. (M.-Mak.) 2) The snow became whiter and brighter so that it hurt my eyes. (L.) 3) The air became so thin that it hurt to breathe. (Narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, complex subordinate with an adverbial adverbial degree related to the predicate with a demonstrative word and attached to the main one with the help of the conjunction “what”; the main thing is two-part. ., complete.) (L.) (G.) 5) I walked very quickly and got so warm that I didn’t even notice how hard frost grabbed the grass and the first flowers. (Prishv.) 122. 1) Explain. 2) Explain. 3) Explain. 4) The goose took another rope in its beak and pulled it, which immediately rang out a deafening shot. (Ch.) 5) On the fifth or sixth of May I will arrive in St. Petersburg, about which I have already written to the artist. (Ch.) 6) On the same night I arrived in Simbirsk, where I had to stay for a day to purchase the necessary things, which was entrusted to Savelich. (P.) 123. (orally).
124. I. 1) Andriy raised his eyes and saw the ancestor standing by the window.
Savitsu, (which I have never seen since birth). (G.) 2) I looked at her from the side, (so I could see the clean, gentle profile of her slightly bowed head). (Cupr.) 3) (Despite the fact that the sky is covered with cumulus clouds), the sun shone brightly. (Ars.) 4) It was decided to go tomorrow (if the rain stops). (Ars.) 5) It was necessary to drink for a reason (because it was beginning to get light). (V. Cat.) 6) The dark blue surface of the sea has thrown off the dusk of the night and is waiting for the first ray (to sparkle with a cheerful brilliance). (L.T.) 7) (As the day faded away), it became quieter and quieter in the forest. (Ars.) 8) Everywhere do, (wherever you look), you could see the masts and flags fluttering on the masts. (N. Chuk.) 9) It was so quiet (that a rare drop of drops from overhanging branches was heard). (Boon.) 10) I thought (that we would soon go to the sea), but I was wrong. (Ars.) 11) In a bluish daopred.
li, (where the last visible hill merged with the fog), nothing moved. (Ch.) II. 1) There is nothing like that (which could not be put into the prototype of the action.
strong, clear words). 2) You need to write in such a way (so that the reader sees what is depicted in words as accessible to touch). 3) Native language one must love like a mother, like music, and one must be able to speak well with purpose (in order, on occasion, to convey one's thought to another person clearly and simply). 4) You need to love what (what you do), and then labor, even the roughest, rises to creativity. 5) Any masusl.
you need to know terry well (if you want to work well).
6) The owner is the one (who works).
Twilight - haze (syn.), Works - works (syn.).
I. The sun (what did it do?) shone - verb. II. N. f. - shine.
Post .: Nesov. view, non-transitional, 2 ref.
Inconst.: in the form of ex. incl., units h., last vr., wed. R.
I. We (what will we do?) go out - v. II. N. f. - go out.
Post.: owls. in., intransitive, 1 ref.
Inconst.: in the form of ex. incl., pl. h., bud. vr., 1 l.
III. In a sentence, a predicate.
125. 1) Wherever the fatherland sends us, we will do our work with honor. (Isak.) 2) Where the sun's rays had not yet penetrated, everything was buried in a blue predawn haze. (Hump.) 3) Not a cloud in the high blue sky. (Staniuk.) 4) What was not on the table! (Hound.) 5) I will not deliver you until you give an answer. (P.) 6) Whoever has not been to the taiga of the Ussuri Territory cannot imagine what a thicket it is, what thickets. (Ars.) 7) No matter how small the rain in the forest, it will always soak to the last thread. (Ars.) 8) The frost does not soften even for a minute. (Gonch.) It does not serve for negation, nor for affirmation or for strengthening negation, where it does not stand with the predicate.
126. 1) The driver said that the bus was going to the park. (Explanatory) 2) The student did the work in such a way that he had to redo it.
(Mode of action.) 3) A friend said that he was busy in the evening. (Explanation) 4) This holiday was a success because the guys tried very hard.
(Reasons.) 5) We couldn't understand what was going on. (Explanatory) 6) Suddenly I remembered an incident that happened last summer. (Def.) 127. Keep family traditions (keep traditions - management, family traditions - coordination), mysterious charm, war veteran (management), spring carnival, district festival, young talents, leather suitcase, glass showcase, wind turbine, future generations, windy weather, comment on a chess game in detail (comment in detail - adjoining, comment on a game - control, chess game - coordination), collect old coins, spicy greens, gostiny dvor.
НН are written in adjectives formed from nouns with a stem ending in н (spring, song), as well as with the suffix enna (an exception is windy).
H is written in adjectives with suffixes an (yang), in (leather, silver, mouse). Exceptions: glass, tin, wood.
128. 1) Try to choose a book to your liking, take a break from everything in the world for a while, sit comfortably with a book, and you will understand that there are many books that you cannot live without ... (Explanatory) (D. Likhachev.) 2) When I have a new book (of time) in my hands, I feel that something living, speaking, wonderful (explanatory) has entered my life. (M. G.) 3) The excitement of the old boy is completely accessible to the soul, as I remember the smell of the first book and the very taste of the pencil (time). (Tvard.) 4) Each book of the writer, if it is written with the blood of the heart (conditions), is the embodiment of his most cherished thoughts. (Ch.) 5) Whatever you do, whatever you do (of time), you will always need a smart and faithful assistant - a book. (March.) 6) To discover unknown countries (targets), not only a navigation textbook was needed, but also Robinson Crusoe.
(Ilyin.) 7) In order to write popular book(goals), you need to know very well what you are writing about. (P.K.) 8) The book teaches even when you do not expect it and may not want to (concessions). The power of the book is enormous. (S.-Juice) 129. (orally).
COMPLEX SENTENCES
WITH MULTIPLE RELATIONSHIPS
9. The main types of complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses and punctuation in them 130. 1) [Meresiev saw] (how Gvozdev shuddered), (how abruptly he turned), (how his eyes flashed from under the bandages). (Pol.) 2) [We were on summer holidays], (when the mother, who stayed all summer in the city, sent a message), (so that we all come). (Kor.) 3) (When the door was locked), [Arina Petrovna got down to business], (about which a family council was convened). (S.-Sch.) 131. I. 1) [Sintsov could not find out from anyone for a long time] (when the train to Minsk with which he was to leave would go). (Narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, complex with two subordinate clauses with a serial connection; 1st, explanatory, refers to the predicate of the main “could not know” and is attached to the main one with the help of the allied word “when”; 2nd, attributive, refers to the 1st subordinate clause, to the noun “train”, and is attached with the help of the union word “with which”; - one-part. impersonal, distributive, complete.) (Sim.) 2) (When the figure of Seryozhka appeared against the background of one of the windows), [it seemed to him], (that someone hiding in the corner, in the darkness, would now see and grab him). (Fad.) 3) [The coachman Trofim, | leaning towards the front window|, told my father], (that the road had become difficult), (that we would not reach Parashin before dark), (that we would be late). (Narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, complexly subordinate with three homogeneous subordinate explanatory clauses related to the predicate and attached to the main one with the help of conjunctions “what”; the main thing is two-part., distribution, complete, complicated by isolated circumstances, expressed participle turnover; the first and third clauses are two-part, non-distributive, complete, the second is two-part, distributive, complete.) (Ax.) 4) [Again, after for long years separation, I saw this huge garden], (in which flashed a few happy days my childhood) and (which I later dreamed of many times). (Ext.) 5) [I couldn’t think or talk about anything other than marriage], (so my mother got angry and said), (that she wouldn’t let me in), (because from such excitement I can get sick). (Ax.) 6) [The bear fell in love with Nikita so much], (that, (when he went somewhere), the beast sniffed the air anxiously). (M. G.) 1) [ch.], (when ... n.), (with which). follow. submission 2) (when), about what? (What). parallel sub.3) [ch.], (what), (what), (what). homogeneous sub.
4) [n.], (in which) and (which). homogeneous sub.
5) follow. sub.
6) follow. sub.
II. 1) (As long as we burn with freedom), (as long as our hearts are alive for honor), [my friend, let us dedicate our souls to our homeland with wonderful impulses]. (P.) 2) [In the days (when a squall flying from the west rained down showers of fiery arrows), I gave everything to my homeland, as a son and a soldier], (what I could), (what I had), (what I could). (Surk.) 3) [We will save the names of those burned villages in songs for posterity], (where the night ended and the day began behind the last bitter frontier). (Surk.) 1) homogeneous. sub.
2) parallel and homogeneous sub.
3) complex sub. with adj. def.
132. 1) When thunder roars, one should not be afraid of lightning, because the danger of its strike has already passed. 2) If we know the speed of sound propagation, then it is quite possible to determine how far a thunderstorm travels. 3) When a body sinks into a liquid, it loses part of its weight, which is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by it. 4) Although the mountains are made of hard stone rocks, they are nevertheless gradually destroyed, so that low hills and even plains are now often found in the place of the former high mountains.
133. I) When the repair of the tram tracks was completed and the road was filled with asphalt, traffic resumed. 2) On Saturday, I went to my friend, who was fifteen years old and who also entered a technical school. 3) I thought so hard that I didn’t even notice how the sun set and it began to get dark. 4) The climbers approached the camp, where the gathering of all the detachments was appointed and from where the climb to Elbrus was to begin.
1) (When) and (), [to which?
2) [n.], (which) and (which). homogeneous sub.
4) , (where) and (from where).
134. 1) Academician Fersman's books are memories of how he had to solve mineralogical riddles, how the secrets of natural resources were gradually revealed to him.
(I. Andr.) 2) Leontiev knew that the most terrible forest fire is a crown fire, when the trees burn entirely, from top to bottom. (Paust.) 3) There are autumn nights, deaf and dumb, when there is calm over the black wooded edge, and only the watchman's mallet comes from the village outskirts. (Paust.) 4) When the britzka left the yard, he [Chichikov] looked back and saw that Sobakevich was still standing on the porch and seemed to be looking closely, wanting to know where the guest would go. (G.) 5) He [Meresiev] felt that he could no longer, that no force would move him from his place, and that if he sat down, he would no longer get up. (Pol.) 6) My companions knew that if there was no heavy rain, then the scheduled performance was usually not cancelled.
(Ars.) 7) I noticed that wherever you go, you will find something wonderful. (Beagle.) 8) I read so much that when I heard the ringing of a bell on the front porch, I did not immediately understand who was ringing and why. (M. G.) 9) I already thought that if I didn’t argue with the old man at this decisive moment, then later it would be difficult for me to free myself from his guardianship. (I.) 2) [ch.], (what), (when).
3) [n.], (when) and (). about what?
5) (when), [ch.], (what ch.), (where).
6) [ch.], (what (if), then). for what?
Black - 2 syllables.
h - [h] - acc., deaf., soft.
p - [r] - acc., ringing, tv.
n - [n] - acc., ringing, tv.
s - [s] - vowel, bezud.
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“Sergey Kravchenko Crooked Empire. Book 4 (Crooked Empire #4) Enter brief annotation here Contents Part 10. The Third Empire (1762 - 1862) Part 11. The Fall of the Empire (1862 - 1918) Part 12. Games last century(1918 - 2000) Conclusion Appendix Notes: Sources Sergei Kravchenko. Crooked Empire. Book 4 Part 10. The Third Empire (1762 - 1862) Catherine II The Great Empress took right off the bat. She reduced the price of salt, forbade the construction of ships, again started by her late husband, ordered ... "
«26 A NEW TYPE OF CYCLIC CHARGED PARTICLE ACCELERATORS WITH STRONG AND SUPER STRONG MAGNETIC FIELD (Troll-project) MOSCOW 2004 To the blessed memory of Faina Panasyuk A NEW TYPE OF CYCLIC CHARGED PARTICLE ACCELERATORS WITH STRONG AND SUPER FORCE NYM MAGNETIC FIELD (Troll-project) V.S. Panasyuk Federal State Unitary Enterprise All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Optical and Physical Measurements Contents Page. Annotation. 2 Introduction. 2 Chapter 1. Fundamental Features of Synchronous Acceleration...»
“Menuara Vafovna Mukhina Be sighted without glasses! Contents From the author Introduction Chapter 1 The structure of the eye and its functions Chapter 2 Basic recommendations and key exercises for improving vision Chapter 3 What else needs to be done to improve vision Chapter 4 Auxiliary means for normalizing vision Chapter 5 Organizing proper adequately divided nutrition Chapter 6 Briefly about some Food Chapter 7 Harmful Influence bad habits and methods of restoring health Chapter 8 Methods ... "
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