Message about Griboedov and s. Alexander Griboedov: an interesting short biography

Griboedov Alexander Sergeevich is a wonderful and versatile person, a Russian writer, who was also a composer, poet and diplomat, which begins in Moscow on January 15, 1795.

Griboyedov biography

Since not everyone is interested in the details of the biography of writers, but it is necessary to know about Griboyedov and the facts of his life, we offer you to get acquainted with Griboedov, his biography and work in brief.

Was born future writer and author of the brilliant comedy Woe from Wit in an impoverished noble family. The future writer receives his first education at home, where the mother is engaged in the education of her son. Further, the gifted boy studies in a boarding house in Moscow, after which he enters the university in the verbal department. At the age of 13, Griboyedov received a Ph.D. and entered the ethical and political department, and then the physics and mathematics department. Alexander Griboedov was a very educated and talented young man, who knew about ten languages ​​and was fluent in them.

Getting acquainted with the future writer Griboedov and his brief biography below, we learn that during the Patriotic War of 1812 he volunteered for the war, but he did not have to fight, as he was in the reserve regiment. Here in the service he writes articles and translates a French play.

In retirement, he continues to write, combining writing activity with diplomacy. Lives in St. Petersburg, writes comedies for the theater, rotates in theater circles, and later goes to Persia, acting as the secretary of the embassy. Here in Persia, Griboedov begins his work on the famous comedy Woe from Wit, which he continued to write in the Caucasus.

There were also arrests in Griboedov's biography, since the writer was suspected of involvement with the Decembrists, but for lack of evidence, they could not prove his involvement in the uprising, and Griboyedov was released.

A.S. Griboyedov was a good diplomat, so in 1826 he was sent to Persia, where he concludes a peace treaty, after which he remains to work as an ambassador there. But, he did not have long to work at the embassy, ​​because in 1829, during the Tehran rebellion, Griboyedov died at the hands of an angry mob at the age of 34. Griboyedov was buried in Tbilisi.

Griboedov's biography interesting facts

Speaking in the biography of Griboedov and interesting facts, it is worth saying that Griboyedov knew ten foreign languages and communicate freely with everyone.
Griboyedov was a second.
The writer wrote two waltzes for piano.
Griboedov was once wounded in a duel, which later made it possible to identify the body of the writer.

The famous Russian poet, playwright, composer and diplomat Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was born in Moscow on January 15 (4), 1795 in a wealthy noble family of Sergei Ivanovich and Anastasia Fedorovna Griboyedov.

There were two more children in the family. Brother Pavel died in infancy, and sister Maria became a famous pianist.

In contact with

Classmates

Childhood and youth

White spots. There were many of them in the biography of Griboyedov, summary which includes whole line events that still need further research.

Despite his fame and belonging to a noble noble family, some facts from the life and work of Griboedov do not have strict documentary evidence. Not only are the details of the death of the poet unknown, but even the year of his birth is not exactly determined. According to some versions, A.S. Griboyedov was not born in 1795 at all. In various documents, the dates of birth do not match and are in the range between 1790 and 1795.

WITH early childhood Alexander showed extraordinary talent and versatile abilities. Thanks to his mother, he first received an excellent education at home, and then spent several years at the Noble Boarding School of Moscow University. In 1806, Griboyedov entered the verbal department of Moscow University, from which he graduated in 1808.

Classes at the university were completed in the summer of 1812. By this time he was already one of the most educated people in the country. According to some reports, Alexander also graduated from the moral and political, and also studied for some time at the physics and mathematics department of the university. In addition, he spoke several foreign languages ​​​​and played the piano perfectly. By the age of 33, he will speak ten foreign languages:

Service in the cavalry

After the start Patriotic War In 1812, Griboedov volunteered for the cavalry and served for several years as a cornet in a hussar regiment. He did not have to participate in hostilities, and the service took place in a pleasant company, consisting of young hussar officers noble birth. The regiment was in reserve, the youth was bored and looking for entertainment, including a very dubious one.

The beginning of literary activity

Over time, this began to weigh Griboyedov. The war is over, the military career has lost its appeal. In 1816, he retired and moved to St. Petersburg, where he began serving in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs. Around the same time, the first works of Griboyedov were published. Basically, these were critical And. A little later, several comedies were written in collaboration with other writers.

At the same time, acquaintances with Pushkin and Kuchelbecker took place. Soon Alexander is already a full member of two Masonic lodges, but an active public life in the capital ends for him after participating in the well-known "quadruple duel". The reason was a quarrel over famous ballerina Avdotya Istomina. One of the duelists died, the rest, including Griboedov, who was a second, received new appointments outside St. Petersburg as punishment.

in the diplomatic service

In 1818, Griboyedov received the post of secretary at the Russian mission in Persia and departed for Tehran in the fall. On the way to Persia, he makes a stop in Tiflis, where he meets with another participant in the "quadruple duel" - an officer, writer and future Decembrist A. I. Yakubovich. The postponed duel took place, Alexander was injured on the left hand. On this basis, he was identified after the murder.

In Persia, Griboedov works in Tabriz and Tehran, performing his official diplomatic duties. He keeps detailed travel diaries throughout his journey from St. Petersburg to Tiflis, Tabriz, Tehran. At the end of 1821, Alexander Sergeevich sought a transfer to Tiflis and for a year served as secretary for diplomatic affairs under General A.P. Yermolov, commander of Russian troops in the Caucasus.

Fulfilling numerous duties of a diplomat, Griboedov continues his literary activity. It was at this time that he began work on the comedy Woe from Wit. So far, these are just rough sketches of the first edition. Years will pass. and this main work of his life will be included in the curriculum for study in the 9th grade.

Life in Russia

At the beginning of 1823, Griboyedov temporarily left the Caucasus and returned to his native places. Lives in Moscow, St. Petersburg, the estate of S. N. Begichev in the Tula province. Here he not only continues to work on the text of "Woe from Wit", but also writes articles, poems, epigrams, vaudeville. His interests are multifaceted. It is not only literature, but also music. His waltzes, which later became famous.

In 1824, Griboedov finished Woe from Wit. All attempts to obtain permission to publish fail, no connections and petitions helped. The censorship was relentless. Readers, however, accepted the comedy with delight. The text of the play quickly spread in the lists, the success was complete. The work has become a real phenomenon of Russian culture.

The author never managed to see his work printed. First full publication plays in Russia took place only in 1862. By this time, as A. S. Pushkin predicted, the comedy "dispersed into quotes", which have long become proverbs.

Here are just a few of them.

In May 1825, Alexander Sergeevich returned to the Caucasus, but did not stay there for long. In January 1826, he was arrested on suspicion of belonging to the Decembrists and brought to the capital. Griboyedov was indeed familiar with many participants in the uprising, many of the arrested Decembrists were found to have a handwritten text of the comedy, but the investigation failed to find any evidence of his participation in the conspiracy.

Return to the Caucasus

As a result, he was fully acquitted, in June he returned to the diplomatic service, and in September of the same year he returned to the Caucasus, to Tiflis.

In February 1828, the Turkmanchay peace treaty was signed. between Russia and Persia, which ended the Russian-Persian war that lasted almost two years. A. S. Griboyedov participated in the work on the treaty and achieved exceptionally favorable conditions for Russia.

In Russia, Griboyedov's diplomatic activity was highly appreciated. He was appointed ambassador to Persia, but the high position did not please Alexander Sergeevich. The brilliant diplomat perceived this appointment as a link, he had completely different creative ideas.

In June 1828, his last journey to the Caucasus began. On the way to Persia, Griboedov, as always, made a stop in Tiflis. A few years earlier he had already met this young girl, Nina Chavchavadze, the daughter of his friend, the poet Alexander Chavchavadze. Then she was still a girl, now her beauty shocked Alexander Sergeevich. He made an offer to Nina and received consent. They got married.

Tragic death

Happiness did not last long. Soon the Russian diplomatic mission went to Tehran. On January 30 (February 11), 1829, a large angry mob of religious fanatics killed almost the entire mission, only one person accidentally escaped. Griboyedov's body was mutilated beyond recognition, he was identified only by the hand that had been injured during the duel.

There are several versions this sad event, but true reason tragedy is unknown. There were no witnesses to how Griboyedov died, and the Persian authorities did not conduct a serious investigation.

The brilliant playwright and diplomat is buried in Tbilisi, in the Pantheon on Mount Mtatsminda. His creations are brilliant, his memory is immortal.

(1790 or 1795-1829)

Elena Lavrenova

Biography

Russian writer, poet, playwright, diplomat. Alexander Griboyedov was born on January 15 (according to the old style - January 4), 1795 (in some sources 1790 is indicated) in Moscow, into an old noble family. “The noble family of the Griboedovs is of gentry origin. Jan Grzhibovsky moved to Russia in the first quarter XVII century. His son, Fyodor Ivanovich, was a discharge clerk under Tsars Alexei Mikhailovich and Fyodor Alekseevich, and the first began to be written by Griboyedov. ("Russian biographical dictionary"") He spent his childhood in the Moscow house of Alexander's loving, but wayward and adamant mother, Nastasya Fedorovna (1768-1839) (Novinsky Boulevard, 17). Alexander and his sister Maria (1792-1856; married - M.S. Durnovo) received a serious home education: educated foreigners - Petrosilius and Ion were tutors, university professors were invited for private lessons. In 1803 Alexander was appointed to the Moscow Noble University boarding school. In 1806, Alexander Griboedov entered the Faculty of Literature of Moscow University, from which he graduated in 1808 with the title of Candidate of Literature; continued his studies at the ethical-political department; in 1810 he graduated from law, and then entered the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics. From the moment of studying at the university and throughout his life, Alexander Sergeevich retained his love for history and economic sciences. At the end of his education, Griboedov excelled all his peers in literature and in society: he spoke French, English, German, Italian, Greek, Latin, and later mastered Arabic, Persian and Turkish. In 1812, before the invasion of Russia by Napoleon, Alexander Sergeevich was preparing for the exam for a doctorate degree.

In 1812, despite the dissatisfaction of the family, Griboyedov signed up as a volunteer - a cornet in the Moscow hussar regiment, recruited by Count Saltykov, but while he was organizing, Napoleon managed to leave Moscow, and then Russia. The war ended, but Alexander decided to prefer the unattractive cavalry service in the back streets of Belarus to the career of an official. He spent three years first in the Irkutsk hussar regiment, then at the headquarters of the cavalry reserves. In Brest-Litovsky, where cornet Griboedov was seconded to the headquarters of the reserves and served as adjutant to the humane and educated general of the cavalry A.S. Kologrivov, he again awakened a taste for books and creativity: in 1814 he sent his the first articles ("On the cavalry reserves" and "Description of the holiday in honor of Kologrivov"). Having visited St. Petersburg in 1815 and preparing his transfer to the Collegium of Foreign Affairs, in March 1816 Griboyedov retired.

In 1817, Alexander Griboedov was enrolled in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs, where he soon began to be listed in good standing. In St. Petersburg, his first plays were printed and staged, he met A.S. Pushkin, V.K. Kyuchelbeker, P.Ya. Chaadaev. Griboyedov's official position almost spoiled his participation as a second in the duel between Sheremetev and Zavadovsky, which outraged everyone with the bitterness of opponents: according to some assumptions, a duel between seconds was to take place after this duel. At the insistence of his mother, in order to allow gossip to settle down and to soften the anger of his superiors, Alexander Griboedov had to temporarily leave Petersburg and, against his will, he was provided with the position of secretary of the embassy in Persia. March 4, 1819 Griboyedov entered Tehran, but a significant part of the service took place in Tabriz. The duties were simple, which made it possible to intensively study Persian and Arabic. From time to time, Griboedov had to travel to Tiflis on business assignments; once he took out of Persia and returned to their homeland a group of Russian prisoners who were unjustly detained by the Persian authorities. This enterprise drew the attention of the commander of the Russian troops in the Caucasus, Alexei Petrovich Yermolov (1777-1861), to Griboedov, who unraveled in him rare talents and an original mind. Yermolov achieved the appointment of Alexander Griboedov as secretary for foreign affairs under the commander-in-chief in the Caucasus, and from February 1822 he began to serve in Tiflis. Here work continued on the play "Woe from Wit", begun even before the assignment to Persia.

After 5 years in Iran and the Caucasus at the end of March 1823, having received a vacation (at first short, and then extended and generally covering almost two years), Griboedov came to Moscow, and in 1824 to St. Petersburg. The comedy, completed in the summer of 1824, was banned by the tsarist censorship, and on December 15, 1825, only fragments were published in F.V. Bulgarin's almanac Russian Waist. In order to promote their ideas, the Decembrists began to distribute "Woe from Wit" in tens of thousands of lists (in January 1825, the list of "Woe from Wit" was also brought to Pushkin in Mikhailovskoye). Despite Griboyedov's skepticism about the military conspiracy of the future Decembrists and doubts about the timeliness of the coup, among his friends during this period were K.F. Ryleev, A.A. Bestuzhev, V.K. Kyuchelbeker, A.I. Odoevsky. In May 1825, Griboedov again left St. Petersburg for the Caucasus, where he learned that on December 14 the Decembrist uprising had been defeated.

In connection with the opening of the case of the Decembrists, in January 1826, Alexander Griboyedov was arrested in the Grozny fortress; Yermolov managed to warn Griboedov about the arrival of the courier with an order to immediately deliver him to the commission of inquiry, and all compromising papers were destroyed. On February 11, he was taken to St. Petersburg and placed in the guardhouse of the General Staff; among the reasons was that during interrogations 4 Decembrists, including S.P. Trubetskoy and E.P. Obolensky, named Griboyedov among the members of a secret society and in the papers of many arrested people found lists of “Woe from Wit”. He was under investigation until June 2, 1826, but since. it was not possible to prove his participation in the conspiracy, and he himself categorically denied his involvement in the conspiracy, he was released from arrest with a “cleansing certificate”. Despite this, for some time Griboedov was placed under tacit supervision. In September 1826 Griboyedov continued his diplomatic activities, returning to Tbilisi. Ivan Fedorovich Paskevich (1782-1856), married to cousin Alexandra Griboedova - Elizaveta Alekseevna (1795-1856). Griboyedov returned to the Caucasus reluctantly and seriously thought about resigning, but his mother's requests forced him to continue his service.

In the midst of the Russian-Iranian war, Griboyedov is assigned to manage relations with Turkey and Iran. In March 1828, he arrived in St. Petersburg, delivering the Turkmenchay peace treaty, which was beneficial for Russia, which brought her considerable territory and a large indemnity. Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov was directly involved in the negotiations with Abbas Mirza and the signing of the treaty. Concessions were made by the Persians against their will, and Griboyedov, rightly proud of his success, did not hide his fears of revenge and the imminent resumption of the war.

In April 1828, Griboyedov, who had a reputation as a specialist in Persian affairs, was appointed plenipotentiary resident minister (ambassador) to Iran. Despite the reluctance to go to Persia, it was impossible to refuse the appointment due to the categorically declared desire of the emperor. During the years of service in the East, Griboyedov got accustomed to the oriental life and way of thinking, and the prospect of a long life that opened up before him in one of the centers of stagnation, arbitrariness and fanaticism did not arouse in him a particular desire to take on new duties; he treated the appointment as a political exile.

On the way to his destination, Griboyedov spent several months in Georgia. In August 1828, while in Tiflis, he married the daughter of his friend, Georgian poet and Major General Alexander Garsevanovich Chavchavadze (1786-1846), Princess Nina Chavchavadze (1812-1857), whom he knew as a girl. Despite the fever that did not leave him even during the marriage ceremony, Alexander Sergeevich, perhaps for the first time, experienced happy love, experiencing, in his words, such a "novel that leaves far behind the most bizarre stories of fiction writers famous for their imagination." The young wife has just entered her sixteenth year. After recovering, he took his wife to Tabriz and went without her to Tehran to prepare everything there for her arrival. December 9, 1828 they met in last time. About the tenderness with which he treated his little "Muriliev shepherdess", as he called Nina, says one recent letters to Nina (December 24, 1828, Kazbin): “My priceless friend, I feel sorry for you, it’s sad without you as much as possible. Now I truly feel what it means to love. Previously, he parted with his legs, to which he was also firmly attached, but a day, two, a week - and the longing disappeared, now the farther from you, the worse. Let us endure a few more, my angel, and let us pray to God that we will never be separated after that.

Arriving in Tehran, Griboyedov sometimes acted defiantly, was in no way inferior to the obstinacy of the Persians, insistently demanding the payment of indemnity, violated the etiquette of the Shah's court, showing the Shah himself perhaps the least respect. All this was done contrary to personal inclinations, and these mistakes were used by English diplomats to incite hatred of the ambassador in the court spheres. But a more formidable hatred of the Russians, supported by clerics, was kindled among the masses of the people: on market days, the ignorant crowd was told that the Russians should be exterminated as enemies of the people's religion. The instigator of the uprising was the Tehran mujshehid (highest spiritual person) Mesih, and his main accomplices were the ulema. By official version the purpose of the conspiracy was to cause some damage to the Russian mission, and not to massacre. When on the fateful day of February 11 (according to the old style - January 30), 1829, about 100 thousand people gathered (according to the testimony of the Persian dignitaries themselves), and a mass of fanatics rushed to the embassy house, the leaders of the conspiracy lost power over them. Realizing the danger he was exposed to, the day before his death, Griboedov sent a note to the palace, stating that “in view of the inability of the Persian authorities to protect the honor and very life of the representatives of Russia, he asks his government to recall him from Tehran.” But it was already too late. The next day, there was an almost universal beating of Russians (only Maltsov, an adviser to the embassy, ​​managed to escape); the murder of Griboyedov was especially brutal: his disfigured and mutilated body was found in a pile of corpses. Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was buried in accordance with his wishes on Mount David in Tiflis - at the monastery of St. David. On the tombstone are the words of Nina Griboedova: “Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory, but why did my love survive you?”

Among the works are plays, poems, journalism, letters: “Letter from Brest Lithuanian to the publisher” (1814; letter to the publisher of Vestnik Evropy), “On Cavalry Reserves” (1814, article), “Description of the holiday in honor of Kologrivov” ( 1814, article), "The Young Spouses" (1815, comedy; adaptation of the play by Creuse de Lesser " family secret"1807), "Own family, or a married bride" (1817, comedy; co-authored with A. A. Shakhovsky and N. I. Khmelnitsky: Griboyedov owns five phenomena of the second act), "Student" (1817, comedy; co-authored with P.A. Katenin), “Fake Infidelity” (1818, a play; co-authored with A. Gendre), “An Interlude Test” (1819, a play), “Woe from Wit” (1822-1824, a comedy; the emergence of an idea - in 1816, first production - November 27, 1831 in Moscow, first publication, cut down by censorship - in 1833, full publication - in 1862), "1812" (drama; excerpts published in 1859), "Georgian Night" (1827-1828, tragedy; publication - 1859), "Special cases of the St. Petersburg flood" (article), "Out-of-town trip" (article). Musical works: two waltzes for piano are known.

(The compiler of the short biography of A.S. Griboyedov is Elena Lavrenova)

Bibliography

A.S. Griboyedov "Works". M. " Fiction", 1988

"Russian Biographical Dictionary" rulex.ru (article by Prof. A.N. Veselovsky "Griboedov")

Encyclopedic resource rubricon.com (Large soviet encyclopedia, Encyclopedic reference book "St. Petersburg", Encyclopedia "Moscow", Illustrated encyclopedic Dictionary)

The project "Russia congratulates!"

Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov was born in Moscow in 1795. He came from a wealthy noble family that belonged to the high Moscow society, which he later described in his comedy Woe from Wit (see its full text and summary on our website). He received excellent upbringing and education, first at home, with various teachers and tutors, then at the Noble Boarding School. Griboyedov was fluent in several foreign languages, played the piano perfectly and sometimes took a great interest in musical improvisations; from childhood, a talented, gifted nature was visible in him. At the age of fifteen he entered Moscow University, where he stayed for 2 years. Here his literary views and tastes were formed and determined; Griboedov was greatly influenced by Boulet, a professor of aesthetics, a supporter of the classical theory of art, with whom he talked a lot and often.

Portrait of Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov. Artist I. Kramskoy, 1875

Griboedov left the university in 1812, at the height of the Patriotic War; he immediately decided to volunteer for military service, but he did not manage to participate in hostilities; his regiment spent more than three years in Belarus, moving from one place to another. Subsequently, Griboyedov bitterly recalled these years military service carried out by him for the most part in card game, in revelry and entertainment, distracting him from any cultural work. Cheerful, passionate, passionate Griboyedov, then still very young, was easily carried away by the example of the officer environment surrounding him, often becoming the center of various pranks and antics. They say, for example, that one day he rode a horse to a ball of a wealthy Belarusian landowner on a bet.

In 1816, Griboyedov retired and decided to serve in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs. While living in St. Petersburg, he was fond of the theater and met the writers Shakhovsky, Khmelnitsky, Katenin, whose works were then staged on stage. Through Shakhovsky, Griboyedov met the members of the literary society "Conversation of lovers of the Russian word" and wholeheartedly joined the classical movement. (See Stages of Griboedov's work.) In his first comedy - "Student" - Griboyedov ridicules, offends Zhukovsky and even, oddly enough, Batyushkov. But in the same comedy, the issue of serfdom is also quite seriously touched upon, the plight of a serf, from whom the master demands an unbearable dues, is depicted.

Together with Shakhovsky and Khmelnitsky, Griboyedov wrote a very funny comedy, "His Family, or a Married Bride", which is still sometimes put on stage; this comedy is always a success thanks to lively, amusing pictures and a very light language.

One of Griboedov's plays, "The Young Spouses" (an alteration from French), was staged as early as 1815.

In 1819, Griboyedov was appointed secretary at the Russian embassy in Persia, and had to go to the Persian city of Tabriz. He wanted to devote himself entirely to literature, but his mother demanded that he serve. Griboyedov devoted himself wholeheartedly to his official activities and soon drew attention to himself with his outstanding diplomatic abilities. Despite the service, Griboedov found time for serious studies. In Tabriz, which he wittily called his "diplomatic monastery", he seriously studied the Persian and Arabic languages, Persian literature, and history. There he worked on his famous comedy "Woe from Wit", which he conceived almost from the age of fifteen. In Tabriz, the 1st and 2nd acts were completed.

Woe from the mind. Performance by the Maly Theatre, 1977

Griboedov traveled from Tabriz to Tiflis (Tbilisi) several times on business. The famous general A.P. Ermolov, commander in chief in the Caucasus, drew attention to the brilliant abilities young man, and, at his request, Griboyedov was appointed to him as a secretary for foreign affairs. He remained in Tiflis until 1823. Despite the success in the service and Yermolov's cordial attitude, Griboyedov was irresistibly drawn to Russia. Finally, he received leave and spent about a year either in Moscow, or in St. Petersburg, or at the estate of his friend Begichev in the Tula province.

Arriving in Moscow after a long absence, having plunged, like his hero Chatsky, into the whirlpool of Moscow society, Griboedov, under a fresh impression, finished Woe from Wit at the Begichev estate.

Rarely what literary work, without being printed, spread and became known with such speed as "Woe from Wit." Friends copied it and passed the manuscripts to each other. Many memorized passages and whole scenes of comedy. "Woe from Wit" immediately aroused stormy delight in society - and the same stormy indignation; all those who felt hurt, ridiculed in the comedy were indignant. Griboyedov's enemies shouted that his comedy was an evil libel against Moscow; they did everything they could to prevent the publication of Woe from Wit, to prevent it from being staged. Indeed, “Woe from Wit” was published only after Griboedov’s death, and he saw the production of his really wonderful comedy only once in an amateur performance by officers in Erivan (Yerevan), in 1827.

Despite Griboyedov's ardent desire to resign, he had to, at the insistence of his mother, return to serve in the Caucasus again.

After the accession to the throne of Tsar Nicholas I in 1826, Griboedov was unexpectedly arrested and brought to St. Petersburg; he was accused of participating in conspiracy of the Decembrists, but very soon justified himself and was released. It has not yet been established whether he was really a member of the Northern Society. In Woe from Wit, Griboyedov expressed his negative attitude towards secret societies(Repetilov); but it is known that he really was close and corresponded with some of the Decembrists (Küchelbeker, Bestuzhev, Prince Odoevsky), poets and writers.

In 1826-27, Griboyedov took an active part in the war against Persia, served under General Paskevich, who replaced Yermolov in the Caucasus. Many times Griboyedov showed brilliant courage and self-control in the war. The conclusion of the Turkmanchay peace treaty, according to which Russia received the Erivan region and a large indemnity, was the work of Griboedov, who led diplomatic negotiations. Paskevich, appreciating his merits, wanted him to personally report to the Sovereign about the peace concluded. Nicholas I received him very graciously, rewarded him and soon appointed him envoy to Persia.

Griboyedov's diplomatic career was brilliant; he was only 33 years old when he was appointed to the responsible post of envoy. But this honor and distinction did not please him. Never before had it been so hard for him to leave Russia. Heavy, vague forebodings haunted him. Saying goodbye to friends, he felt that he would never see them again.

On the way to Persia, Griboyedov stopped in Tiflis and spent several months there. Griboyedov loved one young girl, Princess Nina Chavchavadze, whom he had previously seen as a girl. Having met with Nina again, Griboedov proposed to her and, having received consent, he soon got married. The happiness of the young spouses did not last very long! Griboyedov had to go to Persia, to his destination. He did not want to take his young wife with him, since the atmosphere in Persia after the recent war was very tense; his wife accompanied Griboyedov to Tabriz, from where he went to Tehran alone, hoping to send his wife there after some time. But they were not destined to meet again in this world ...

The Persians were extremely annoyed with Griboyedov, who concluded such a disadvantageous peace for them. There is reason to believe that British diplomacy also supported this irritation of the Persians against Russia. Griboyedov, as the representative of Russia, immediately took a very firm and decisive position; he did everything he could to free many Russian prisoners languishing in Persian captivity, and also took under his protection Christians who were persecuted by the Mohammedans. The irritation of the Persians was kindled by fanatical mullahs. Upon learning that Christians were hiding in the embassy house, fleeing the persecution of the Persians, an excited crowd of people surrounded the embassy, ​​demanding their extradition.

Griboyedov refused to extradite the Christians hiding under his protection. A huge crowd of Persians began to storm the house. Griboedov himself, with a saber in his hands, became the head of the Cossacks defending the embassy and was killed in this unequal battle - the Persians were ten times more than the Russians, who were all killed by the enraged crowd. From the entire Russian embassy, ​​one person escaped, who told about the firm, courageous behavior of Griboyedov and his heroic death. Only on the third day did the troops come; the rebellion was subdued. A vengeful mob of Persians mutilated Griboedov's body, dragging him through the streets of the city; he was recognized only by the reduced finger of the hand, which had been shot through by a bullet in a duel a few years earlier.

Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov - a famous Russian writer, poet, playwright, brilliant diplomat, state councilor, author of the legendary play in verse "Woe from Wit", was a descendant of an old noble family. Born in Moscow on January 15 (January 4, O.S.), 1795, from early years showed himself to be an extremely developed, and versatile, child. Wealthy parents tried to give him an excellent home education, and in 1803 Alexander became a pupil of the Moscow University noble boarding school. At the age of eleven, he was already a student at Moscow University (verbal department). Having become a candidate of verbal sciences in 1808, Griboedov graduated from two more departments - moral-political and physical-mathematical. Alexander Sergeevich became one of the most educated people among his contemporaries, knew about a dozen foreign languages, was very gifted musically.

With the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812, Griboyedov joined the ranks of volunteers, but he did not have to participate directly in hostilities. With the rank of cornet, Griboedov in 1815 served in a cavalry regiment that was in reserve. The first literary experiments date back to this time - the comedy "Young Spouses", which was a translation of a French play, the article "On Cavalry Reserves", "Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the Publisher".

At the beginning of 1816, A. Griboedov retired and came to live in St. Petersburg. Working in the College of Foreign Affairs, he continues his studies in a new field of writing for himself, makes translations, joins theatrical and literary circles. It was in this city that fate gave him an acquaintance with A. Pushkin. In 1817, A. Griboyedov tried his hand at dramaturgy, writing the comedies "Own Family" and "Student".

In 1818, Griboedov was appointed to the post of secretary of the tsar's attorney, who headed the Russian mission in Tehran, and this radically changed him further biography. The expulsion to a foreign land of Alexander Sergeevich was regarded as a punishment for the fact that he acted as a second in a scandalous duel with fatal. Staying in Iranian Tabriz (Tavriz) was really painful for the beginning writer.

In the winter of 1822, Tiflis became Griboyedov's new place of service, and General A.P. Yermolov, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary in Tehran, commander of the Russian troops in the Caucasus, under whom Griboedov was secretary for diplomatic affairs. It was in Georgia that he wrote the first and second acts of the comedy Woe from Wit. The third and fourth acts were already composed in Russia: in the spring of 1823, Griboedov left the Caucasus on leave for his homeland. In 1824, in St. Petersburg, the last point was put in the work, whose path to fame turned out to be thorny. The comedy could not be published due to the prohibition of censorship and diverged in handwritten lists. Only small fragments "slip" into the press: in 1825 they were included in the issue of the Russian Thalia almanac. The brainchild of Griboyedov was highly appreciated by A.S. Pushkin.

Griboyedov planned to take a trip to Europe, but in May 1825 he had to urgently return to his service in Tiflis. In January 1826, in connection with the case of the Decembrists, he was arrested, kept in a fortress, and then taken to St. Petersburg: the writer's name came up several times during interrogations, and during searches, handwritten copies of his comedy were found. Nevertheless, due to lack of evidence, the investigation had to release Griboedov, and in September 1826 he returned to his official duties.

In 1828, the Turkmanchay peace treaty was signed, which corresponded to the interests of Russia. He played a certain role in the biography of the writer: Griboyedov took part in its conclusion and delivered the text of the agreement to St. Petersburg. For his merits, the talented diplomat was granted a new position - the plenipotentiary minister (ambassador) of Russia in Persia. In his appointment, Alexander Sergeevich saw a "political exile", plans for the implementation of numerous creative ideas collapsed. With a heavy heart in June 1828, Griboyedov left St. Petersburg.

Getting to the place of service, for several months he lived in Tiflis, where in August he was married to 16-year-old Nina Chavchavadze. He left for Persia with his young wife. There were forces in the country and beyond its borders that were not satisfied with the growing influence of Russia, which cultivated hostility towards its representatives in the minds of the local population. On February 11, 1829, the Russian embassy in Tehran was brutally attacked by a brutal mob, and A.S. became one of its victims. Griboyedov, who was mutilated to such an extent that they were later identified only by a characteristic scar on his arm. The body was taken to Tiflis, where the grotto at the church of St. David became its last refuge.