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Spanish Names and Surnames: Taj Mahal Sanchez and Hitler Eufemio Mayor. Italian surnames of Argentines Latin male surnames

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Spanish names

Spanish male names and their meaning

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Spanish names. Spanish male names and their meaning

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Behind every name, male or female, there is a story. It is almost impossible to determine exactly where and under what circumstances children were first called by one name or another. Each has a story, rooted in ancient myths and legends. Most likely, most names simply denote a character trait that they want to instill in a child.

But why do new names appear? The reasons are different: wars, geographical or scientific discoveries, emigration and immigration of the population.

If you look at the document of a Spanish citizen, you can see no more than 2 names and 2 surnames there, despite the fact that in most European countries their number is unlimited. This is due to the fact that the state is quite serious about this issue to avoid a lot of confusion. When baptizing babies, you can assign any acceptable (approved) names by the church in unlimited quantities. As a rule, this is done like this:

The eldest son receives the first name of the father, the second - the grandfather in the male line;
The eldest daughter first takes the name of her mother, and then the name of her maternal grandmother.

In general, a Spanish name consists of three main elements: a personal name ( nombre) and two surnames ( appellido): father ( appellido paterno or primer appellido) and mother ( apellido maternoorsegundo appellido).

Spaniards are devout Catholics great importance in their lives they devote to the church, and therefore most of the names are rooted in Catholic saints. Spaniards do not like unusual and extravagant names and do not accept them in their lives. There are cases when the state refused to receive foreigners due to the fact that their names were rather unusual (for example, it was impossible to determine the gender of the carrier).

Many people associate Latin America with Spain, as in these territories Spanish is the official language, and when studying Spanish, the teacher can emphasize the differences between cultures and pronunciations. As for the names, there are also very big differences, despite the fact that Hispanics use Spanish names. The only difference is that they can name the child whatever they want. Children are called by English, American or even Russian names, if their parents like it, and this will not be punished by the state.

You can take a terrorist from Venezuela as an example. His name was Ilyich, and his brothers Lenin and Vladimir Ramirez Sanchez. A staunch communist father displayed his views on life through the names of his children.

But such exceptions are extremely rare, although there are no boundaries and stereotypes for modernity. In Spain, simple and classic names with complex meanings remain at the peak of popularity, for example, Juan, Juanita, Julio, Julia, Maria, Diego, etc.

Separately, I would like to highlight the names and their origin (female):

Biblical names: Anna, Mary, Martha, Magdalena, Isabel;
Latin and Greek names: Barbora, Veronica, Elena, Paola;
Germanic: Erika, Motilda, Carolina, Louise, Frida.

Biblical names: Miguel, Jose, Thomas, David, Daniel, Adan, Juan;
Greek and Latin names: Sergio, Andres, Alejandro, Hector, Pablo, Nicholas;
Germanic: Alonso, Alfonso, Luis, Carlos, Raymond, Fernando, Enrique, Ernesto, Raul, Rodrigue, Roberto.

Spanish female names and their meaning

Agatha (Agata) - good
Adelita (Adelita), Alicia (Alicia) Adela, Adela (Adela) - noble
Adora - adorable
Alondra - protector of humanity
Alba (Alba) - dawn, dawn
Alta (Alta) - high
Angelina (Angelina), Angel (Ángel), Angelica (Angélica) - angel, angelic, messenger
Anita (Anita) - diminutive of Ana (Ana) - benefit
Ariadne (Ariadna) - perfect, pure, immaculate
Arcelia (Arcelia) Araceli, Aracelis (Aracelis) - wanderer, traveler
Benita (Benita) - blessed
Bernardita - bear
Blanca - pure, white
Benita (Benita) - blessed
Valencia (Valencia) - imperious
Veronica - victorious
Gertrudis, Gertrudis - the power of the spear
Gracia - graceful, graceful
Jesus (Jesusa) - saved
Juana (Juana), Juanita (Juanita) - merciful
Dorothea (Dorotea) - God's gift
Elena (Elena) - moon, torch
Josephine (Josefina) - retributor
Ibbi, Isabel - an oath to God
Ines (Inés) - innocent, chaste
Candelaria - candle
Carla (Carla), Carolina (Carolina) - human
Carmela and Carmelita - a name in honor of Our Lady of Carmel
Constance (Constancia) - constant
Consuela - comforter, the name is given in honor of Our Lady of Comfort (Nuestra Señora del Consuelo)
Conchita is a diminutive of Concepción, derived from the Latin concepto meaning "to conceive". The name is given in honor of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary (Inmaculada Concepción)
Christina (Cristina) - Christian
Cruz - cross, pectoral cross
Camila (Camila) - servant of the gods, priestess
Catalina - a pure soul
Leticia - joyful, happy
Laura (Laura) - laurel, ("crowned with laurel")
Luis (Luisa), Luisita (Luisita) - warrior
Marita (Marita) - diminutive of Maria (María) - desired, beloved
Marta (Mistress of the House)
Mercedes (Mercedes) - merciful, all-merciful (in honor of the Virgin - María de las Mercedes)
Maribel - fierce
Nina (Nina) - baby
Ofelia (Ofelia) - assistant
Pepita - God will give another son
Pearl (Perla), Perlita (Perlita) - pearl
Pilar (Pilar), Pili (Pili) - pillar, column
Paloma (Paloma) - dove
Ramona - wise protector
Rebeca (Rebeca) - alluring in the network
Reina (Reina) - queen, queen
Renata - reborn
Sarita (Sarita) diminutive of Sara (Sara) - a noble woman, mistress
Sofia (Sofía) - wise
Susana - water lily
Trinidad - Trinity
Francisco (Francisca) - free
Chiquita is a diminutive name meaning little girl.
Abigail - joy for the father
Evita (Evita) - diminutive of Eva (Eva) - lively, lively
Elvira - benevolent
Esmeralda (Esmeralda) - emerald
Estela (Estela), derived from Estrella (Estrella) - a star

Male Spanish names and their meaning

Agustin (Agustin) - great
Alberto (Alberto), Alonso (Alonso), Alfonso (Alfonso) - noble
Alfredo (Alfredo) - elf
Amado (Amado) - beloved
Andres (Andrés) - warrior
Antonio (Antonio) - flower
Armando - strong, brave
Aurelio - gold
Basilio - regal
Benito - blessed
Berenguer (Berenguer), Bernardino (Bernardino), Bernardo (Bernardo) - the strength and courage of the bear
Valentine (Valentin) - healthy, strong
Victor (Víctor), Victorino (Victorino), Vincente - winner and conqueror,
Gaspar - teacher, master
Gustavo - staff, support
Horatio (Goracio) - excellent vision
Damian (Damián) - to tame, subdue
Desi - desired
Herman (German) - brother
Gilberto - light
Diego - doctrine, teaching
Jesus (Jesús) - named after Jesus, diminutives: Chucho, Chuy, Chuza, Chuchi, Chus, Chuso and others.
Ignacio - fire
Yousef - God will give another son
Carlos - man, husband
Christian (Cristian) - Christian
Leandro (Leandro) - a man-lion
Lucio (Lucio) - light
Mario - male
Marcos (Marcos), Marcelino (Marcelino), Marcelo (Marcelo), Marcial (Marcial), Martin (Martín) - names derived from the name of the Roman God of war - Mars, warlike
Mateo - a gift from Yahweh
Mauricio (Mauricio) - dark-skinned, Moor
Modesto (Modesto) - modest, moderate, sober
Maximino (Maximino), Maximo (Máximo) - great
Nicholas (Nicolás) - victory of the people
Osvaldo (Osvaldo) - owning, having power
Pablo (Pablo) - baby
Paco - free
Pasqual (Pasqual) - child of Easter
Pastor - shepherd
Patricio (Patricio) - noble, noble origin
Pio (Pío) - pious, virtuous
Rafael - divine healing
Ricardo (Ricardo), Rico (Rico) - strong, persistent
Rodolfo (Rodolfo), Raul (Raúl) - wolf
Rodrigo (Rodrigo) - ruler, leader
Rolando - famous land
Reinaldo - sage - ruler
Sal (Sal), diminutive of Salvador (Salvador) - savior
Sancho, Santos (Saint)
Severino (Severino), North (Severo) - strict, harsh
Sergio (Servant)
Silvestre, Silvio - forest
Salomon - peaceful
Tadeo - grateful
Teobaldo (Teobaldo) - a brave man
Thomas (Tomás) - twin
Tristan (Tristán) - rebel, rebel
Fabricio (Fabricio) - artisan
Fausto - lucky guy
Felipe - horse lover
Fernando (Fernando) - bold, courageous
Fidel (Fidel) - the most devoted, faithful
Flavio (Flavio) - golden-haired
Francisco (Francisco) - free
Juan (Juan), Juanito (Juanito) - good God
Julian (Julián), Julio (Julio) - curly
Edmundo - prosperous, protector
Emilio - rival
Enrique (Enrique) - a powerful ruler
Ernesto (Ernesto) - diligent, diligent
Esteban (Esteban) - the name means - the crown
Usebio, Usebio - devout

The most popular names among the adult population:

Jose (Jose)
Antonio (Antonio)
Juan (Juan)
Manuel
Francisco (Francisco)

Among newborns:

Daniel
Alejandro (Alejandro)
Pablo (Pablo)
David (David)
Adrian (Adrian)

If we return to female names, then names are now popular among women:

Maria (Maria)
Carmen
Ana (Ana)
Isabel (Isabel)
Dolores (Dolores)

And among girls, that is, recently born children:

Lucia (Lucia)
Maria (Maria)
Paula (Paula)
Sarah
Carla (Carla)

As you have noticed, it is very important for the Spaniards that their names are easily perceived, refusing rare and unusual options, which significantly affects the reduction of the language barrier with foreign citizens.

Sometimes it is almost impossible to determine by ear the connection between the full and diminutive names: for example, the houses of little Francisco can be called Paco, Pancho and even Curro, Alfonso - Honcho, Eduardo - Lalo, Jesus - Chucho, Chuy or Chus, Anunciasion - Chon or Chonita. In the same way, it is difficult for foreigners to understand why we call Alexander Shurik 🙂

Almost all Spanish names are simple but beautiful. We hope that getting to know them will make it easier for you to communicate with native Spanish speakers, because now you know a little more about the Spaniards!

Spanish names consist of three main elements: a personal name (Spanish. nombre ) and two surnames (Spanish. appellido ). A feature of the structure of the Spanish name is the presence of two surnames at once: father (Spanish. appellido paterno or primer appellido ) and mother (Spanish. apellido materno or segundo appellido ). The choice of personal names in Spanish-speaking countries is usually determined by church and family traditions.

From Wikipedia:

In addition to the name received from the parents, the Spaniards bear the names received at baptism from the baptizing priest and godparents. Most of the names received by the Spaniard are not used, but only one or two names are used, for example, current king of Spain five personal names- Juan Carlos Alfonso Maria Victor (Spanish) Juan Carlos Alfonso Ví ctor Marí a ), but all his life he uses only two of them - Juan Carlos.

According to Spanish law, no more than two names and two surnames can be recorded in a person's documents. In fact, at baptism, you can give as many names as you like, depending on the wishes of the parents. Usually, the eldest son is given the first name in honor of the father, and the second in honor of the paternal grandfather, and the eldest daughter is given the name of the mother and the name of the maternal grandmother.

The main source of names in Spain is the Catholic saints. There are few unusual names, because the Spanish registration law is quite harsh: not so long ago, the Spanish authorities refused to obtain citizenship of a certain Colombian named Darling Velez on the grounds that her name is too unusual and it is impossible to determine the gender of its bearer from it.

In Latin America, there are no such restrictions, and the imagination of parents can work freely. Sometimes this fantasy gives rise to absolutely marvelous combinations, like Taj Mahal Sanchez, Elvis Presley Gomez Morillo and even Hitler Eufemio Majora. And the famous Venezuelan terrorist Ilyich Ramirez Sanchez nicknamed Carlos the Jackal, there were two brothers whose names were ... Vladimir and Lenin Ramirez Sanchez.

However, these are all rare exceptions. In the Spanish-speaking world, the hit parade of names is headed by the usual classic names: Juan, Diego, Carmen, Daniel, Camila, Alejandro and, of course, Maria.

Simply Maria.

For obvious reasons, this name is one of the most common in Spain. It is given to both girls and boys (the latter - as a appendage to the male name: Jose Maria, Fernando Maria). However, many Spanish and Latin American Marys are not just Marys: in their documents they may have Maria de los Mercedes, Maria de los Angeles, Maria de los Dolores. In everyday life, they are usually called Mercedes, Dolores, Angeles, which in literal translation sounds rather strange to our ears: "mercy" (that's right, in plural), "angels", "sorrows". In fact, these names come from various titles of the Mother of God adopted by Catholics: Marí a de las Mercedes(Mary the Merciful, lit. "Mary of Mercies"), Marí a de los Dolores(Mary the Sorrowful, lit. "Mary of Sorrows"), Marí a la Reina de los Á ngeles(Mary is the queen of angels).

In addition, children are often given names in honor of revered icons or statues of the Mother of God. For example, the famous opera singer Montserrat Caballe(which turns out to be Catalan, on closer inspection of the name) is actually called Maria de Montserrat Viviana Concepción Caballé y Folk, and named it in honor of Mary of Montserrat, revered in Catalonia, a miraculous statue of the Virgin Mary from a monastery on Mount Montserrat.

Pancho, Honcho and Lupita.

The Spaniards are great masters of education pet names. The easiest way is to add diminutive suffixes to the name: Gabriel - Gabriel litho, Fidel - Fide litho, Juana - Juan ita. If the name is too long, then the main part “breaks away” from it, and then the same suffix comes into play: Concepción - Conchita, Guadalupe - Lupita and Lupilla. Sometimes truncated forms of names are used: Gabriel - Gaby or Gabri, Teresa - Tere. My beloved Penelope Cruz is simply called by relatives "Pe".

However, not everything is so simple. Sometimes it is generally impossible to recognize the connection between the diminutive and full name by ear: for example, little Francisco at home can be called Pancho, Paco or Curro, Eduardo - Lalo, Alfonso - Honcho, Annunciation - Chon or Chonita, Jesus - Chucho, Chui or Chus. The situation is complicated by the fact that different names may have the same diminutives: Lencho - Florencio and Lorenzo, Chicho - Salvador and Narciso, Chelo - Angeles and Consuelo (female names), as well as Celio and Marcelo (male).

Diminutive forms are formed not only from individual names, but also from double ones:

José Maria - Chema
Jose Angel – Chanhel
Juan Carlos - Juanca, Juancar, Juanqui
Maria Luis - Marisa
Jesus Ramon - Jesusra, Hera, Herra, Chuymoncho, Chuymonchi

Man or woman?

Once upon a time, at the dawn of the popularity of soap operas, the Venezuelan series "Cruel World" was broadcast on our television, the name main character which our viewers at first heard as the Rosaria. A little later it turned out that her name is Rosari O , and diminutively - Charita. Then again it turned out that it was not Charita, but Charit O, but our viewers, who had already become accustomed to the Conchita and Estersite, continued to call her "in feminine- Charita. So they said, retelling each other the next series: “And Jose Manuel kissed Charita yesterday ...”.

In fact, the soap heroine was really called Rosario and not the Rosaria. Word Rosario in spanish language masculine and denotes a rosary, on which a special prayer to the Virgin Mary is read, which is also called Rosario(in Russian - Rosary). Catholics even have a separate feast of the Virgin Mary, the Queen of the Rosary (Spanish. Maria del Rosario).

In Spanish-speaking countries, the name Rosario is very popular, it is given to both girls and boys, but traditionally it is considered feminine. And it's not the only female name - "hermaphrodite": names Amparo, Socorro, Pilar, Sol, Consuelo derived from spanish words amparo, socorro, pilar, sol, Consuelo grammatically related to masculine. And correspondingly, diminutive forms these names are also formed in the "male" way: Charito, Charo, Coyo, Consuelito, Chelo (although there are also "female" forms: Consuelita, Pilarita).

The most common Spanish names.

10 most common names in Spain (general population, 2008)

Features of the Spanish Surname.

And finally, let's talk a little about Spanish surnames. Spaniards have two surnames: paternal and maternal. In this case, as already mentioned, the paternal surname ( appellido Paterno ) is placed before the parent ( appellido materno ): Federico Garcia Lorca (father - Federico Garcia Rodriguez, mother - Vicenta Lorca Romero). At only the paternal surname is used in official address: accordingly, contemporaries called the Spanish poet Senor Garcia, and not Senor Lorca.

However, there are exceptions to this rule: Pablo Picasso (full name- Pablo Ruiz Picasso) became known not under his father's surname Ruiz, but under his mother's - Picasso. The fact is that there are no less Ruizovs in Spain than there are Ivanovs in Russia, but the name Picasso is much less common and sounds much more “individual”.

By inheritance, only the main surname of the father is usually transmitted, but in some cases (as a rule, in noble families, as well as among the Basques), the maternal surnames of the parents are also transmitted to the children (in fact, the surnames of grandmothers on both sides).

In some areas, there is a tradition to add to the surname the name of the area where the bearer of this surname or his ancestors was born. For example, if a person's name is Juan Antonio Gomez Gonzalez de San Jose, then in this case Gomez is the first, paternal surname, and Gonzalez de San Jose is the second, maternal. In this case, the particle "de" is not an indicator of noble birth, as in France, but simply means that ancestors mother of our Juan Antonio were from a town or village called San José.

Sometimes paternal and maternal surnames are separated by a particle "and": Francisco de Goya y Lusientes, José Ortega y Gasset. In Russian transcription, such surnames are usually written with a hyphen, although in the original they are usually written without separating characters: Francisco de Goya y Lucientes, José Ortega y gasset.

When married, Spanish women do not change their surname, but simply add the husband's surname to the apellido paterno: for example, Laura Riario Martinez, having married a man named Marquez, may sign Laura Riario de Marquez or Laura Riario, señora Marquez.

The most common Spanish surnames.

10 most common surnames in Spain

		Origin of the surname
1	Garcia(Garcia)	From Spanish name

Historia est magistra vitae

History, as the epigraph says, is the teacher of life. There are spheres in which history lives, and does not exist in the form of dusty books - for example, languages, or names ...

Latin has a fascinating effect on each of us. And this is no coincidence. Even among the most skeptical, something will tremble in their souls when they hear or read a Latin saying. It seems that the one who knows Latin has access to some special secrets, like the keys to history. And since it comes from history, it means from life in general ... “For centuries, a high-quality brand has been formed,” skeptics may say. Latin means something high. Or scientific. Or zaum, as the most "simple" readers-listeners call it.

But a quality brand cannot be built from scratch. And even seven or eight centuries will not help here, but rather will be a hindrance. What do you know about the Etruscans? By the way, the culture was great. And, besides, judging by what is left of them, it is completely unique: they are all pacifists. But centuries erased almost everything. Nothing is known about the language. And we can only assume that some part of the Latin language, which stands out among the general array of words and constructions, was inherited by the Romans from them, their neighbors and predecessors.

Latins ... Ardent and sultry inhabitants of the Apennine Peninsula. All of them inherited passion and temperament, as well as an understanding of beauty, from their Roman ancestors. And - the cult of the family. Remember Italian families with second cousins grand-nephews and cousins who came from the provinces (almost in Russian! Any resident of Moscow, St. Petersburg or a resort town knows all his relatives almost to the seventh generation). So, even the very word "surname" came to us from Latin. It means "family" in Latin. In ancient Rome, society was formed not simply by class: the genus principle was of the greatest importance. Generic Latin surnames were not just an appendix to a name, but even something like a generic title, a sign of belonging to one or another influential family.

IN Ancient Rome, in an era called classical, names were formed from three parts. The first is a personal name, similar to modern personal names. The first part was called Praenomen and modestly abbreviated because it was a personal name. Among such names were common Aulus, Gaius, Decius, Lucius, Tiberius, Mark, Publius and some others.

The second part for the Romans was key, as it was a generic name. It was called Nomen, or directly gentis ("genus"). It was necessarily in the form of an adjective (like most surnames now), and showed belonging: Ovidius (belonging to the Ovid genus), Vergilius (belonging to the Virgil genus), Tullius, Tullius (belonging to the Tullian genus), Julius, Julius (belonging to genus Julius). Usually, when they say "Latin surnames", they mean exactly this part.

The third part Latin name carried in itself a bright individuality of the genus. It was called Cognomen (nickname). Such a nickname was received by one of the ancestors of the clan, and it became common for a separate branch of the clan: for example, Scipio (Scipio - from "scepter"), Cicero (Cicero - from "peas"), Caesar (Caesar - from "dark-haired") .

Actually, the second and third names subsequently merged for all peoples into a single concept of a surname.

Think in the same light about yourself: from the depths of centuries your surname, your title and the sign of the Family have risen to you - do you feel pride in your history and your ancestors? The Romans knew about this. It was from them that the European custom came to give not only a name, but also a surname (in other cultures, the concept of a surname was also formed, but the principles of its formation were completely different. Almost all of us have surnames formed according to the European, according to the Latin principle).

The largest clans of Rome were Anthony, Julia, Claudia, Fabia, Flavia, Cornelia, and some others (there were a total of 300 original clans, from which all the rest originated). In this regard, a worthy heir to the culture of Latin surnames is the modern director Valeria Gai Germanika. And even if it is a pseudonym, but even the fact that it occurs to people to take just such a pseudonym suggests that the culture of Latin surnames is alive. Despite the centuries-old gap in time with Ancient Rome itself.

It is worth remembering that the contacts of Rus' and Russia with the Latin world were rich and varied throughout the history of Rome, and much after its fall. After the fall of Rome, the Latin language remained in use in Europe in the church, universities, science and courts. And if the church and the courts in Rus' did their business in the Slavic, then Old Russian language, then science has preserved the international tradition (it still preserves it. Even the most distant from science, for example, knows what it means homo sapiens). Russian universities did not ignore the Latin language, being a borrowing from Europe. Hordes of overage schoolchildren sat and crammed hated Latin.

Most Russian surnames, in which a Latin origin is clearly traced, come precisely from those times when one of the scientists took a pseudonym for himself, fellow students gave someone a nickname, and an educated rector of a shelter gave a surname to one of his pupils (for example , Benediktov - "blessed" - could easily receive his surname as a sign of a special blessing for the future life).

If you have a surname of Latin origin, pay attention to its form. It can only have a Latin root if it is Russified - and then, most likely, it arose precisely in those imperial times, and your ancestor, who gave you the family name, was a contemporary of Lomonosov and Catherine the Great. Maybe he lived much earlier. Because there is another amazing way of "Russification" of Latin surnames. For example, the famous language historian L.V. Ouspensky met the surname of Bicycles in the Pskov charter of the 16th century, while the word “bicycle” itself came into Russian only in the 19th century, when the vehicle itself was invented. As the scientist assumes, apparently, here we meet an example of remaking a Russian surname into a foreign way, like Bystronogov. There is such a way in the language, called "tracing paper". That is, almost a translation. So our Bystronogov went through this: in Latin, vēlōx is “quick” and pēs (plural pedēs) is “foot” ... Later such changes are also known, such as Speransky (“Nadezhdin”, from spērans - “hoping” ), or Benevolensky ("Dobrovolsky", from benevolēns - "benevolent").

Finally, it is worth noting that many "originally Russian" surnames (as well as proper names, by the way) have Latin roots. With the adoption of Christianity, a whole cultural layer came to Rus', containing, among other things, calendar names. Over time, they received a folk form, were "recycled" by the Russian people, and, having passed through such a mass of people, became completely Russified. And then, as expected, surnames were actively formed from them. We will only mention a few here:

Valerianovs and Valerianovs go back to the Latin "valere" - hello,

Vikentievs come from the Latin "to win",

The Kasyanovs came from the family name of the Roman patricians Cassius (but the surname was not transmitted according to the laws of kinship, but thanks to Saint Cassian),

The Klimentievs and Klimovs are derived from the Latin "merciful, merciful."

Konstantinovs - from the word "permanence",

The Korneevs, Kornilovs and Kornilievs contain the Latin root "horn", and lead the genealogy from some ancestor named Cornelius or Korney.

Lavrentievs - "crowning (or crowned) with laurels",

Lukyanovs - it would seem that the old Russian surname - contains the root "lux" - "light" and refers to an ancestor named Lukian.

Maksimovs - from lat. "maximus" - "greatest".

Martynovs - from the name Martyn, which, in turn, comes from the name of the Roman god of war Mars.

Mercury - on behalf of the Roman god of war Mercury.

The Pavlovs, Petrovs and Romanovs carry the roots, respectively, of the "youngest son", "rock" and "Roman".

Patrikeevs - from lat. "patrician, aristocrat"

Silantyevs - from lat. "silent".

The Sergeevs and Sergienko refer to Roman citizens named Sergius (Sergius).

Terentievs - from lat. "obtrusive, stubborn."

Titovs - from the Latin proper name "Titus, Titus" - "defending honor."

Ulyanovs - from the Roman family Yuliev,

Ustinovs - have the root "Just", which speaks of a craving for justice.

Frolovs - from the Russian name Frol, into which the Latin Flor - "flower" was transformed.

Fortunatovs - according to the Latin root - "lucky, minions of fate."

Do not be lazy, try to find information about those people whose blood flows into you, and who gave you your last name - and you will discover not only the history of the Russian state on the other, personal side, but also some secrets of your character and passions.

!!!

Spanish names

The main source of names in Spain is the Catholic saints. There are few unusual names, because Spanish registration law is quite harsh: not so long ago, the Spanish authorities refused to obtain citizenship for a certain Colombian named Darling Velez on the grounds that her name was too unusual and it was impossible to determine the gender of its bearer.

In Latin America, there are no such restrictions, and the imagination of parents can work freely. Sometimes this fantasy gives rise to absolutely marvelous combinations, like the Taj Mahal Sanchez, Elvis Presley Gomez Morillo and even Hitler Eufemio Mayor. And the famous Venezuelan terrorist Ilyich Ramirez Sanchez, nicknamed Carlos the Jackal, had two brothers, whose names were ... that's right, Vladimir and Lenin Ramirez Sanchez. No wonder: Papa Ramirez was a staunch communist and decided to perpetuate the name of his idol, so to speak, in triplicate. Another unfortunate Venezuelan received the magnificent name Mao Brezner Pino Delgado, and "Brezner" in this case turned out to be an unsuccessful attempt to reproduce the name Brezhnev. ( What's in a name? In Venezuela, just about anything)

Not just Mary

For obvious reasons, this name is one of the most common in Spain. It is given to both girls and boys (the latter - as a appendage to the male name: José Maria, Fernando Maria). However, many Spanish and Latin American Marys are not just Marys: in their documents they may have Maria de los Mercedes, Maria de los Angeles, Maria de los Dolores. In everyday life, they are usually called Mercedes, Dolores, Angeles, which in literal translation sounds rather strange to our ears: "mercies" (that's right, in the plural), "angels", "sorrows". In fact, these names come from various titles of the Mother of God adopted by Catholics: Maria de las Mercedes(Mary the Merciful, lit. "Mary of Mercies"), Maria de los Dolores(Mary the Sorrowful, lit. "Mary of Sorrows"), María la Reina de los Angeles(Mary is the queen of angels).

Here short list similar names:

Maria del Amparo - Mary the Protectress, Mary the Protector
Maria de la Anunciacion - Mary of the Annunciation (from Spanish Anunciación - Annunciation)
Maria de la Luz - Holy Mary (lit. "Mary of Light")
Maria de los Milagros - Mary the Wonderworking (lit. "Mary of Miracles")
Maria de la Piedad - Maria Honored
Maria del Socorro - Maria Helping
Maria de la Cruz - Mary at the Cross
Maria del Consuelo- Mary the Comforter
Maria de la salud - letters. "Mary Health"
Maria del Pilar - letters. "Pillar Maria" (according to legend, when the apostle James preached in Zaragoza, over a column standing on the banks of the Ebro River, he saw the image of the Virgin Mary. Subsequently, the Nuestra Senora del Pilar Cathedral was built on this site).

IN real life the owners of these pious names are simply called Amparo, Anunciación, Luz, Milagros, Piedad, Socorro, Cruz, Consuelo, Salud and Pilar.

In addition, children are often given names in honor of revered icons or statues of the Mother of God. For example, the famous opera singer Montserrat Caballe (who, by the way, is actually not a Spaniard, but a Catalan) is actually called Maria de Montserrat Viviana Concepción Caballe y Folk, and was named after Maria of Montserrat, revered in Catalonia - the miraculous statue of the Virgin Mary from the monastery on Montserrat.

Pancho, Chucho and Conchita

The Spaniards are great masters of diminutive names. The easiest way is to add diminutive suffixes to the name: Gabriel - Gabrielito, Fidel - Fidelito, Juana - Juanita. If the name is too long, then the main part "breaks away" from it, and then the same suffix comes into play: Concepcion - Conchita, Guadalupe - Lupita and Lupilla. Sometimes truncated forms of names are used: Gabriel - Gabi or Gabri, Teresa - Tere.

However, not everything is so simple. Sometimes it is generally impossible to recognize the connection between a diminutive and full name by ear: for example, little Francisco at home can be called Pancho, Paco or Curro, Eduardo - Lalo, Alfonso - Honcho, Anunciasion - Chon or Chonita, Jesus - Chucho, Chuy or Chus. The difference between the full and diminutive forms, as we see, is huge (however, foreigners also cannot understand why we call Alexander Shurik: to reproduce the Alexander-Aleksash-Sasha-Sashura-Shura series in your mind, you need to know Russian too well).

The situation is complicated by the fact that different names may have the same diminutives: Lencho - Florencio and Lorenzo, Chicho - Salvador and Narciso, Chelo - Angeles and Consuelo (female names), as well as Celio and Marcelo (male).

Diminutive forms are formed not only from individual names, but also from double ones:

José Maria - Chema
Jose Angel - Chanhel
Juan Carlos - Juanca, Juancar, Juanca
Maria Luis - Marisa
Jesus Ramon - Jesusra, Hera, Herra, Chuymoncho, Chuymonchi

Sometimes such a fusion of names gives a rather shocking result: for example, Lucia Fernanda can be called ... Lucifer ( Lucifer Spanish for Lucifer).

Diminutives are rarely used as passport names in Spain - primarily because, until relatively recently, this was prohibited by Spanish law. Now the only limitation is the "decency" of the sound of the diminutive form, as well as the ability to determine the gender of its carrier by name.

Boy or girl?

Once upon a time, at the dawn of the popularity of soap operas, our television broadcast the Venezuelan series "Cruel World", the name of the main character of which our viewers at first heard as Rosaria. A little later it turned out that her name is Rosari O , and diminutively - Charita. Then again it turned out that it was not Charita, but Charito, but our viewers, who had already become accustomed to Conchita and Estersite, continued to call her "in the feminine" - Charita. So they said, retelling each other the next series: "And José Manuel kissed Charita yesterday ...".

In fact, the soap heroine was actually called Rosario, not Rosaria. Word Rosario is masculine in Spanish and refers to the rosary, which is used to read a special prayer to the Virgin Mary, which is also called Rosario(in Russian - Rosary). Catholics even have a separate feast of the Virgin Mary, the Queen of the Rosary (Spanish. Maria del Rosario).

In Spanish-speaking countries, the name Rosario is very popular, it is given to both girls and boys, but traditionally it is considered feminine. And this is not the only female "hermaphrodite" name: the names Amparo, Socorro, Pilar, Sol, Consuelo are formed from Spanish words amparo, socorro, pilar, sol, consuelo grammatically masculine. And, accordingly, the diminutive forms of these names are also formed in the "male" way: Charito, Charo, Coyo, Consuelito, Chelo (although there are also "female" forms: Consuelita, Pilarita).

Most Common Spanish Names

10 most common names in Spain (general population, 2008)

	Male names		Women's names

1	Jose	1	Maria
2	Antonio	2	carmen
3	Juan	3	Ana
4	Manuel	4	Isabel
5	Francisco	5	Dolores
6	Louis	6	Pilar
7	Miguel	7	josefa
8	Javier	8	Teresa
9	Angel	9	Rosa
10	Carlos	10	Antonia

The most popular names among newborns (Spain, 2008)

	Male names		Women's names

1	Daniel	1	Lucia
2	Alejandro	2	Maria
3	Pablo	3	Paula
4	David	4	Sara
5	Adrian	5	Carla
6	Hugo	6	Claudia
7	Álvaro	7	Laura
8	Javier	8	Marta
9	Diego	9	Irene
10	Sergio	10	Alba

The most popular names among newborns (Mexico, 2009)

	Male names		Women's names

1	Miguel	1	Maria Fernanda
2	Diego	2	Valeria
3	Louis	3	Ximena
4	Santiago	4	Maria Guadelupe
5	Alejandro	5	Daniela
6	Emiliano	6	Camila
7	Daniel	7	Mariana
8	Jesus	8	Andrea
9	Leonardo	9	Maria Jose
10	Eduardo	10	Sofia

Senor Garcia or Senor Lorca?

And finally, let's talk a little about Spanish surnames. Spaniards have two surnames: paternal and maternal. In this case, the paternal surname ( appellido paterno) is placed before the parent ( apellido materno): Federico Garcia Lorca (father - Federico Garcia Rodriguez, mother - Vicenta Lorca Romero). In official address, only the paternal surname is used: accordingly, contemporaries called the Spanish poet Senor Garcia, and not Senor Lorca.

(True, there are exceptions to this rule: Pablo Picasso (full name - Pablo Ruiz Picasso) became known not under his father's surname Ruiz, but under his mother's - Picasso. The fact is that there are no less Ruizovs in Spain than Ivanovs in Russia, but the surname Picasso is much less common and sounds much more "individual").

Usually, only the main surname of the father is inherited, but in some cases (as a rule, in noble families, as well as among the Basques), the maternal surnames of the parents are also transmitted to the children (in fact, the surnames of grandmothers on both sides).

In some areas, there is a tradition to add to the surname the name of the area where the bearer of this surname or his ancestors was born. For example, if a person's name is Juan Antonio Gomez Gonzalez de San Jose, then in this case Gomez is the first, paternal surname, and Gonzalez de San Jose is the second, maternal. In this case, the particle "de" is not an indicator of noble origin, as in France, but simply means that the ancestors of our mother Juan Antonio came from a town or village called San José.

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