Description of the appearance of Tomka. Description of a person's appearance
At the hunter I saw a dog. This is what he is. The ears are long, the tail is short.
The hunter told me what a quick-witted dog, how he helps when hunting, and smart, and not dirty ... From this dog, he says, there are puppies. Come take a look. And we went with him.
Puppies are small - just learned to walk. "Which of them, - I think, - will I have an assistant on the hunt? How do I know who is smart and who is not good?"
Here is one puppy - eats and sleeps. He'll be lazy.
Here is an angry puppy - angry. He growls and fights with everyone. And I won’t take it - I don’t like evil ones.
But even worse - he also climbs to everyone, but he doesn’t fight, but licks. They can take away something from such a game.
At this time, the puppies' teeth itch, and they like to nibble something. One puppy was chewing on a piece of wood. I took this piece of wood and hid it from him. Will he smell it or not?
The puppy started looking. I sniffed the other puppies to see if they had a piece of wood. No, I didn't. The lazy one sleeps, the evil one growls, the kindly one licks the evil one - he persuades not to be angry.
And so he began to sniff, sniff and went to the place where I hid it. I sensed it.
I rejoiced. "Well, - I think, - this is a hunter! Even game cannot hide from such a thing." I named him Tomka. And he began to raise an assistant.
How Tomka learned to swim
We went for a walk and took Tomka with us. They put him in a briefcase so that he wouldn't get tired.
They came to the lake, sat on the shore and began to throw pebbles into the water - whoever throws it further. And they put the briefcase with Tomka on the grass. So he got out of the briefcase, saw how a pebble fell into the water, and ran.
Tomka runs along the sand, clumsy, clumsy, his legs tangle in the sand. He reached the water, put his paws into the water and looks back at us.
Go, Tomka, go - don't be afraid, you won't drown!
Tomka climbed into the water. First, he went up to the tummy, then up to the neck, and then he plunged all over. Only the tail-stump sticks out.
He fiddled, fiddled, and then suddenly popped out - and let's cough, sneeze, snort. It can be seen that he decided to breathe in the water - the water got into his nose and mouth. Didn't get the stone.
Then we took the ball and threw it into the lake. Tomka liked to play with a ball - it was his favorite toy.
The ball flopped into the water, twirled and stopped. Lies on the water, as on a smooth floor.
Tomka recognized his favorite toy and could not stand it - he ran into the water.
Runs, screams. But now he doesn't stick his nose into the water. Walked, walked and swam. He swam to the ball, bit it in the teeth - and back to us.
That's how I learned to swim.
Tomka got scared
When Tomka was still a very small puppy, I took him hunting with me. Let it get used to.Here we go with him. Tomka chases butterflies, chases dragonflies. Catching grasshoppers. Barks at birds. Just can't catch anyone. Everyone is flying away. He ran and ran - he got so tired that he stuck his nose into a bump and fell asleep. Still small. And I feel sorry for waking him up.
Half an hour passed. The bumblebee has arrived. Bunchit, flies over Tomkin's ear. Tomka woke up. He turned around awake, looked: who is this disturbing sleep? He did not notice the bumblebee, but he saw a cow and ran to her.
And the cow was grazing far, far away and must have seemed to Tomka quite small, no bigger than a sparrow.
Tomka runs to bite the cow, his tail up - he has never seen a cow before. He ran closer, but the cow is no longer the size of a sparrow - it seems to be as tall as a cat. Then Tomka ran a little quieter, and the cow was no longer the size of a cat, but a goat. Tom was scared. He did not come close and sniffs: what kind of animal is this?
At this time, the cow stirred - it must have been bitten by someone. And Tomka ran away from her!
Since then, he has not come close to cows.
Tomkin's dreams
When Tomka sleeps, he barks in his sleep, squeals, and sometimes even moves his paws, as if he is running somewhere.
Guys ask me:
Why is Tomka barking? After all, he is sleeping!
He sees dreams, - I answer.
And what?
Yes, probably some of his own, dog dreams - about hunting, about animals, about birds. A person cannot see such dreams.
That's interesting! - say the guys.
They surrounded Tomka, watching him sleep. And Tomka slept, slept, and barked in a thin voice. I ask the guys:
What is he seeing in his dream? Do you understand?
Sure, the guys say. - He saw a small hare.
Tomka slept a little more and moved his paws.
Here, - the guys say, - Tomka ran.
Who did you run after?
Yes, not for anyone, but from a goat. He saw her, and she butts.
Here Tomka growled and barked.
Wake up! the guys shouted. - Wake up, Tomka! After all, he will eat you now!
Who, I ask, will eat?
Bear! Tomka wants to fight him. What a scary bear! Tomka can't handle him.
How Tomka didn't seem stupid
Tomka does not like being laughed at - he will be offended, turn away. And then he learned to pretend that they were not laughing at him, but at someone else.
Once Tomka noticed a hen with chickens. Comes closer - wants to sniff.
And the hen screamed, how she jumped on Tomka - and rode on it. Rides, pecks at Tomka and screams. One can hear her saying: "Oh, you, such and such, ill-mannered! Here I am! Here I am! Don't you dare approach the chickens!"
Tomka was offended, but did not want to seem ridiculous and immediately pretended that no one was pecking at him, no one was yelling at him.
And then the hen jumped off him and returned to the chickens.
Nikita doctor
Nikita Tomka says:
Well, Tomka, now I will treat you.
Nikita put on a dressing gown made of a sheet, put glasses on his nose and took a doctor's tube for listening - a toy pipe. Then he went out the door and knocked - it was the doctor who had come. Then he dried himself with a towel - it was the doctor who washed his hands.
He bowed to the puppy Tomka and said:
Hello Young man! You are sick, I see. What hurts you?
But Tomka, of course, does not answer anything, only wags his tail - he cannot speak.
Lie down, young man, - says Dr. Nikita, - I will listen to you.
The doctor turned Tomka upside down, put a pipe to his stomach and listened. And Tomka grab him by the ear!
What are you biting! Nikita screamed. - After all, I'm a doctor!
The doctor got angry. He grabbed Tomka by the paw and put a pencil thermometer under his arm.
And Tomka doesn't want to take the temperature. floundering. Then the doctor says to the patient:
Now you open your mouth and say: aaaa. And stick out your tongue.
I wanted to see the language. And Tomka squeals and does not stick out his tongue.
I will prescribe medicine for you, - says Dr. Nikita, - and I will teach you how to brush your teeth. I see that you, young man, are a slob and don't like brushing your teeth. Nikita took his toothbrush and began brushing Tomka's teeth.
And how Tomka will grab the brush with his teeth! He escaped from the doctor's hands, dragged away the brush and gnawed it into small pieces.
You are stupid, Tomka! Nikita screams. - That's not how they play!
Tomka never learned to play sick.
We meet every day different people: kind, sad, strange, tall, obese, beautiful, funny ... Each person with whom some kind of communication takes place leaves a certain trace in our psyche. These "traces" are not without verbal description the appearance of the subject. In our mind or in a conversation with a girlfriend, we always rely on aspects of describing a person's appearance.
Description of a person's appearance: purpose
There are sciences that study the appearance of people, such as psychology, philology, forensics and some others. Doctors also encounter elements of the description of appearance when they study the history of the disease or the psychotype of the patient. This process is indispensable in business, especially show business. IN modeling agencies the appearance of a girl or a guy plays a key role, therefore, when meeting with the desired model in absentia, the investor or director first gets acquainted with the verbal portrait of the subject.
Description of appearance in everyday life broadens the horizon, contributes to the formation of taste and appreciation of people. In addition, the interlocutor can easily form the image of the described person in the mind according to certain adjectives.
In psychology, the description of appearance is also in an important place. Whole theories of personality and its behavior are based on the appearance of individuals. For example, Kretschmer's theory directly links the temperament, character and orientation of a person with his physique. And not only he noted a certain relationship between external data and the internal mood of people. Over the years, our emotions and stress leave an imprint on our appearance in the form of wrinkles, gait, gestures.
In jurisprudence, there is a huge section called forensic science. This science also uses scientific description appearance of a person, defining the criteria and rules of this process. Here, the description is also an important process, since victims and witnesses remember criminals according to external data. In this science, attention is paid to every element of the face, torso, limbs of a person. Along with this, they pay attention to clothes and other signs when they are looking for the missing.
Types of description of appearance
There are many varieties of theories and rules that allow you to describe a person externally as accurately as possible. But this process as a whole can be divided into two main types:
- arbitrary- which is characterized by the use of common folk words, not structured, so important points may be missed;
- systematized- used with the use of scientific or technical terms, compiled according to the method of verbal portrait.
What are the anatomical features of a person?
Description of a person's appearance is what many people encounter when communicating. There are times when you need to talk about a particular person, describing his appearance. Children may also experience this. school age, for example, if they were given the task to write an essay: "Description of a person's appearance."
Anatomical features of a person include organs and parts of the body, such as the head, chin, forehead, face or torso.
By anatomical features, you can determine the sex of a person, his age, height and physique. You can also determine the anthropological features of the appearance of a person, the structure of his body and head, and also an element of the face. Since the face is considered the "cover" that characterizes the appearance of a person, special attention is paid to it.
What characteristics are related to the functional description?
The description of a person's appearance cannot take place without determining his functional features. The latter are manifested during human life. They characterize motor and physiological functions. A functional description of a person's appearance reflects the features of the manifestation of his life activity. Characteristics related to functional features include posture, gestures, facial expressions, gait and speech.
Creating a verbal portrait of a person, describing the appearance and determining its functional features, first of all, many pay attention to posture. It can be traced by the position of the head - its relation to the body. Also, posture is determined by the position of the body relative to the vertical. Describing it, you can use the following adjectives: hunched, stooped, free, straight and loose. For example, hands can be located along the body, on the hips, behind the back or in pockets. And the head is thrown back, tilted forward, or tilted to one of the sides.
When a student writes a thematic essay: "Description of a person's appearance", then he can use adjectives to characterize the gait of this person. It can be, for example, slow, shuffling, heavy, bouncing, wobbling, fast, mincing, waddling, and waving its arms.
The verbal description of a person's appearance by functional features can be continued for a long time, because, as mentioned above, this includes gestures, facial expressions, as well as speech functions.
Methods of verbal portrait
A verbal portrait is a forensic way of describing a person's appearance using special terms. This method is carried out by a certain system for the purpose of criminal registration (for example, search and identification of living people or corpses).
Methods of verbal portrait are used to identify a person. This can be done by presenting for identification, comparing the appearance with a photographic portrait, with a verbal portrait, as well as comparing a verbal portrait with a photographic image.
Arbitrary description of appearance
Characteristics of a person and a description of his appearance can be made in an arbitrary way. They are given by eyewitnesses with words and expressions used in everyday speech. These can be everyday terms, local dialects, and the like.
Any person who saw the incident can give an arbitrary description. Moreover, he does this with the help of words familiar to him, without using scientific terms. Such descriptions often help criminalists find the right person.
Systematization in the description of a person's appearance
Systematized is a description by the method of verbal portrait. Basics of systematization in late XIX century laid Alphonse Bertillon. Such a description helps to uniformly characterize the elements of people's appearance, their signs and equally perceive the result of the description. There are also basic principles for describing appearance, through which uniformity is achieved. These are the principles:
- on the use of standardized terminology;
- on compliance with the sequence in the description;
- about maximum completeness;
- about the description in full face and in the right profile;
- description, which is carried out in relation to the standard position of the head and the state of appearance;
- about the description, in which special signs stand out.
What are the rules for describing appearances?
There are also rules developed by criminologists for describing a person's appearance, with the help of which a person is characterized by the method of a verbal portrait. This includes the completeness of the description of appearance. After all, the speed of searching for a person primarily depends on this, because it is not known by what signs it will be possible to find it.
The next rule is the sequence of description. This includes general physical characteristics such as gender and age. Then an anatomical description already takes place (for example, the figure as a whole, neck, shoulders, chest, back, head, including the face).
Then there is a description using special terminology. This is necessary in order to ensure a uniform understanding of the information received. But the sources of information are divided into subjective and objective.
The use of adjectives in describing a person in a picture
At first glance, it may seem that making a description of a person's appearance from a picture is not so difficult. But this will not be difficult if we know the person well, and if not, then some effort will have to be made. The first thing you need is to know adjectives well, with which you can make a description.
For example, looking at a picture, you can describe a person's head using adjectives that indicate its size: small, medium, or large. You can characterize a person’s hair from a picture using the following criteria: abundance, length, type, color or frontal line. Hair can be thick, medium or sparse. Length - short, medium length or long. Hair type can be straight, wavy and curly. Color - light blond, blond, dark blond, black and red. And the frontal line is straight, arcuate, wavy and broken.
Looking at the picture, you can use any adjectives to describe the face of a person as a whole, his forehead, eyebrows, eyes, nose, mouth, lips, teeth, chin, ear and neck. It also characterizes the shoulders, chest, back, arms and legs.
Characteristics of the appearance of a Russian person
Another mystery for ethnopsychologists, physiognomists, philologists is the appearance of a Russian person. It is not very easy to describe it, because it is a very vague concept. Many say that a real Russian person should have Blue eyes, blond hair and a flat tall figure. But if we go deeper into this issue, then it can be light or dark brown or blue eyes, as well as all colors and shades of green. The hair is light or dark blond and very thick, and the figure is slender, tall. There is no regularity in the shape of the nose and lips of a Russian person. They can be completely different. But the skin of Russians is often light and matte.
The ratio of the characteristics of a person and the description of his appearance
A few centuries ago, some scientists noticed a correspondence appearance and some character traits, personality characteristics. A full person is characterized by addictions (for example, to food), that is, he has weak willpower. Such people are guided by the opinions of others, friendly and love communication.
People with a visually large head and shoulders love risk, are prone to physical activity, but do not differ in mercy and compassion.
Thin people with a high forehead and a narrow chest are characterized as sensitive, loving solitude, quiet, secretive, inactive in communication.
There are theories that link complexion, its asymmetry, impulsiveness with the lifestyle that a person leads. The description of appearance in this case will be based on external characteristics and characteristics of human activity.
In addition, there is back side this process. It is necessary to pay attention to who makes the description of the person's appearance. Example: a person who is inclined to control everything will first describe the leadership traits of a person and his behavior in this vein. Subjects seeking to constantly enrich themselves will pay attention to the cost of watches, cosmetics on the face and clothes, and so on.
Good day to everyone who reads this review! I think most of those who are interested in Evgeny Charushin's book "About Tomka" are most likely parents. And for every parent, it is really important that he will read to his child, what thoughts this or that book will put into his head. And what conclusions the child will make independently.
Publishing house - "Rech".
This book is really similar to the one that I read to my son since childhood. It is worth noting that this is all thanks to the illustrations, which were left original in all versions, that is, the authorship of Evgeny Ivanovich Charushin himself.
One doggie had not the light of puppies, but all are different! One was too lazy, the other too angry, the third too affectionate. And the fourth is Tomka. Tomka was a real hunting dog! In short stories about Tomka, we can watch how he grows, learns this world, learns from his mistakes. The child must mentally identify himself with these heroes, striving to be like him, striving to understand how interesting it is to learn something new about our world every time! But the child should oppose himself to other puppies, because laziness, anger and excessive affection (flattery is clearly implied here) is what the child should strongly associate with a bad behavior model, which he definitely does not want to adopt! It is thanks to the short stories of Evgeny Charushin that the child learns such, at first glance, simple things. And you know, I believe that reading similar books for a child in childhood it is much more useful than, for example, turning on the adored "Masha and the Bear" by everyone. After all, children are really too receptive, and then parents still wonder why they become as naughty and uncontrollable as Masha.
In general, for the correct adequate perception of the world of the child, I highly recommend reading Yevgeny Cherushin's story "About Tomka", as well as another book of his stories for the smallest - "Tyupa, Tomka and Magpie". After all, such good books teach children also to love animals, reveal some of the secrets of nature. Since the book is written in a very simple and accessible way, it will be understandable to absolutely any child. You can read it for two years now.
Video review
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Topic: Stories about animals E.I. Charushin "Tomka got scared" and "Tomka's dreams"
Target: introduce storiesabout animalsE. I. Charushina
Tasks:
subject
metasubject
master the initial forms of cognitive and personal reflection; master the skill of semantic reading of texts in accordance with the task or problematic issues set by the teacher or arising in the lesson; master the logical actions of comparison, analysis, establishing cause-and-effect relationships, drawing conclusions; develop planning skills learning activities in accordance with the task; develop ethical feelings, goodwill and emotional and moral responsiveness, understanding and empathy for the feelings of others.
DURING THE CLASSES
I. Organizational moment.
2. Actualization of knowledge. Definition of the topic and objectives of the lesson. Work with the book exhibition
Look at the book exhibition, Imagine the books that are here.
What do all these books have in common? Who are they written for? (children's)
These books can be divided into 2 groups. For what? Which books will we classify in group 1, and which in group 2?
poems stories
(poets) (writers)
Look at book covers. Looking at them, tell me: who or what did the author write about in his stories? (about nature and animals
What work of Charushin did you read in grade 1?(Volchishko).
Who else would like to get acquainted with the stories of this wonderful writer? (icon)
Let's definemain goal of the lesson : get acquainted with the stories of E. I. Charushin about animals -
And with what storieswe read in unison !
"Tomka got scared" and "Tomka's dreams".
3. Generalization of knowledge about the writer.
introduction teachers.
Evgeny Ivanovich Charushin lived a short life - only 64 years old, but left many wonderful works about nature for readers. He did not just write about nature, about animals, he firststudied and observed habits animals and only then created his stories.
What else was Charushin, listen to the messages.
MESSAGES
So, Evgeny Ivanovich Charushin was not only a writer, but also ( complete the phrase) ARTIST-illustrator own and other books. He especially liked to draw cubs of different animals.
Then you will work with the exhibition and find the drawings of the author himself in the books.
- Read the title of the story to yourself, look at the illustration and make an assumption: who or what will be discussed in the story.
5 Work on the topic of the lesson. Introduction to the work. ( textbook work)
-Let's test your guess. Open the textbook on pages 112-113. As you read, mark the words you don't understand the meaning of.
( Tired, bunchit, twirled awake, bite
Conclusion: the assumption is correct: a story about a puppy Tomka.
What words do you not understand? Replace words with similar meanings: tired, bunchit, awake, bite
Who told us this story? narrator)
Who is the hero of the work? Do you have a good idea of a hunting dog puppy with droopy ears? Let's look at an illustration, it will help us introduce the main character.
-What do we know about him? What puppy?
Choose the right words-characteristics :
What puppy?
Curious, brave, a bit cowardly stupid, smart, playful, lazy, cautious, sad.
- Find proof in the text.
How many parts can this story be divided into? (2) What are they about?
part - About the fact that Tomka was taken hunting, and he fell asleep.
part - About how Tomka tried to kill a cow.
Let's read the story and find the boundaries of the first part.
Find confirmation in the text that this is a puppy and not an adult dog? ( Tomka ran, barked, quickly fell asleep.So adult hunting dogs do not act. Usually quietly stalks prey)
- Read part 2 of the story.
6. Task in the textbook . Misha says that here it is clear that Tomka is still small and stupid. Do you agree with Misha's opinion? Can you confirm your point of view?
( Tomka does not know what kind of animal this cow is, he does not know whether it is far or close).
7. Task in the textbook
Masha says that, on the contrary, here it is clear that Tomka is smart and careful. Maybe Masha is right too? What lines did Masha pay attention to in the second part of the story?
8. The game "Question-answer" in the form of a shootout.
8. Physical education
Teacher: Imagine that each of you is Tomka's puppy and doonly him actions. Be careful not to fall into traps!
Awoke.
Twisted awake.
I saw a cow and ran to her.
He got scared.
Ran quieter.
Sniffing.
Yes, how Tomka will mumble.
The cow moved.
The puppy ran away from the cow.
( Children perform movements, imitating the actions of a puppy).
- Evaluate your actions: have you always been attentive? What actions should not have been taken?
The little puppy Tomka is one of Charushin's favorite characters. He is funny, silly and loved "just like that" "for nothing." He wrote many stories about him.
Let's get acquainted with another story by E. Charushin, "Tomka's dreams."
Read part 1 of the story . (to the words ... They surrounded Tomka ")
Who told us this story about Tomka? (Author-narrator).
What did the guys of the author ask for? What interested them? How did the author respond?(The author does not know for sure, he assumed).
Title this part! (Why does Tomka bark when he sleeps)
- Read part 2 . What is it about? What did the kids learn?
How could they guess what the puppy was dreaming about? (They began to fantasize and look at the world through the eyes of a puppy) .
Did they correctly decipher Tomka's behavior in a dream?
(Perhaps he dreamed of something else, most likely something related to hunting).
Do they themselves believe in what they fantasized?Support with words from the text.
Why did the guys decide that the puppy sees a small hare? (He barked in a thin voice )
What did the guys assume when Tomka growled and barked?(bear ) How did they do it and why? How would you title this part of the story?
(How a puppy met a huge cow, This is how the meeting turned out, This is the lesson the puppy learned, Tomka opens the world.)
Listen to the narrator's conversation with the guys Andthink writer proud of the hero or making fun of him? (Laughs because he is still small and does not understand much)
Reflection. Summing up the lesson.
What works have we met?
What have you learned?
What did the works of E. I. Charushin teach you?
Optionally:
W. s. 114-115
role reading and retelling
T.s. 38 No. 20
Read other stories of the writer E.I. Charushin, try to see how the writer's skill in describing the habits of animals is manifested in them.
