Who composed the cheburashka. Cheburashka - the hero of E.N's books

Cheburashka is one of those cartoon characters that we continue to feel sympathy for, even as adults. We will not retell in detail the work itself “Crocodile Gena and his friends” (he is his hero), but we will find out the following point: why Cheburashka was called Cheburashka.

And who is the author?

There can be no discrepancies in the answer to this question: the character appeared from the pen of the Soviet and Russian writer, screenwriter, author of children's books Eduard Uspensky. It happened in 1966. At the same time, another of his works was published - “Down the Magic River”. Ouspensky became popular. To the answer to the question: "Why was Cheburashka called Cheburashka?" - we will turn a little lower.

The birthplace of the writer is the city of Yegorievsk (Moscow region). After graduating from school, he entered the Moscow Aviation Institute. In the same period, his first literary works appeared in print.

To date, the writer's place of residence is also the Moscow region. The author's works continue to be published by Samovar publishing house. We hope that there are no difficulties with the answer to the question: "Who wrote Cheburashka?" - from readers this material will not be.

The character himself became famous after the cartoon about the crocodile Gena and his friends (1969) was released.

The original version of the book introduced readers to a clumsy, unsightly creature. Small ears, brown coat - so in in general terms his appearance was described. The appearance of the good-natured image of Cheburashka, which is distinguished by large ears and big eyes, we owe the production designer

By the way, in the period of the 1990-2000s, the writer had to participate in disputes regarding the authorship of this image. It was about its use in the names of various children's institutions, in different goods (this was a common practice in the Soviet period).

We remembered who wrote Cheburashka. Next, let's list the options for the name of the character.

Animal from hot countries

There is a version that in childhood future writer played with soft toy, apparently not the best quality. She was strange-looking: with big ears and equally big eyes. It was not possible to understand to which order of animals of the world it belongs. Then the fantasy of the parents suggested the name of the animal - Cheburashka. Hot countries were chosen as the place of his residence. So far, we have given one version of why Cheburashka was called Cheburashka.

summer, girl, coat

Ouspensky himself gives an explanation for this name of a fictional character in one of his interviews. A little daughter grew up in the family of the writer's acquaintances. One of the purchases that her parents decided to please her with was a small fur coat. It was a warm summer outside. The fitting of new clothes took place under Eduard Uspensky. The girl was dragging a large fur coat across the floor, it was inconvenient for her to walk. After she's in Once again stumbled and fell, the father said: “Cheburakhna again!” Ouspensky became interested in the meaning of an unusual word. A friend explained to him the meaning of the word “cheburah”. It means "to fall".

You can also learn about the origin of the word from the dictionary of V.I. Dahl. It also gives the meaning that we have already given, and such as “crash”, “stretch”. Dal also mentions the word "cheburashka". Various dialects define it as "a checker of a burlatsky strap, it is hung on the tail" or as "a roly-poly, a chrysalis, she rises to her feet herself, no matter how she is thrown." The word also has figurative meanings.

Book version of the title

In order to understand another option why Cheburashka was called Cheburashka, let's recall the plot of the book itself. So, favorite food unknown to science animal, who lived somewhere in the south, were oranges. On one of the hot days, he climbed into a box with adored fruits found on the shore. Eat well and sleep well. Then the boarded up box ended up in our country and was delivered to the store. After opening the box, instead of the expected fruit, a plump furry creature appeared before the store director. Having no idea what to do with him, the director decided to put the animal on a box. The animal could not resist and fell. The director burst out the phrase: “Fu you, what a Cheburashka!” And so this name was assigned to the character.

Our story about Cheburashka comes to an end. I would like to add some interesting facts to it.

To date, many monuments have been erected to this hero and his friends. sculptural compositions. You can meet them in settlements, as the village of Gaspra (Yalta, Crimea), the city of Ramenskoye near Moscow, the city of Khabarovsk, the city of Kremenchug, the city of Dnipro.

Since 2003, Muscovites have been holding a charity event "Cheburashka's Birthday" every August weekend. It is aimed at helping orphans.

In Moscow, in kindergarten No. 2550 (Eastern administrative district) in 2008, the opening of the Cheburashka Museum took place. It stores typewriter. It was on it that the story of a character beloved by both children and their parents was created.

As Eduard Uspensky said, the image of Cheburashka was born thanks to a picture he once saw: “I was visiting my friend and saw a little girl dressed in a thick fur coat with a large collar. The fur coat was big for the girl, and she constantly fell - she would take a step and fall. My friend said: "Oh, cheburahna!" So I heard this word for the first time.

According to the Explanatory Dictionary of Vladimir Dahl, the word "cheburashka" meant "doll, roly-poly, who himself got up on his feet, no matter how you throw him." The verbs "cheburahat" and "cheburahnut" were used in the meaning of "throw, throw, overturn with thunder, bang, slap."

Thanks to the efforts of the artist Leonid Aronovich Shvartsman, Cheburashka became one of the most beloved cartoon characters of the USSR. “In the process of making the film, the tail fell off. The animated Cheburashka has eyes like a human child. He got big ears, a frame around his face. And, of course, a charm came, which is not in the drawings of other artists,” notes Shvartsman.

The word "cheburashka" has existed for a long time, and, contrary to popular belief, it was not the writer Eduard Uspensky who invented it. IN " explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language," compiled by V.I. Dahl, it is reported that "cheburashka is an old toy, a doll, a roly-poly, which, no matter how you throw it, will still get on its feet."

Another scientist - lexicographer S.I. Ozhegov in his Dictionary of the Russian Language cites two words used in common parlance - cheburahnut and cheburahnut, close to the meaning of "throw, fall or hit with noise."

It is known that in the old circus, acrobat clowns were called cheburashki. In order to make the audience laugh, they cheburahalis on the arena, ie. with a squeal, screams fell into the sawdust and floundered in them, trying to kill the audience with laughter.

So Eduard Uspensky owns the plot of the book and its writing, and he gave the name to his hero, resurrecting a long-forgotten word to life.

The image of Cheburashka known today was created by the animator Leonid Shvartsman.

Origin

According to the preface to the book Crocodile Gena and His Friends, Cheburashka was the name of a defective toy that the author had in childhood, depicting a strange beast: either a bear cub or a hare with big ears. His eyes were large and yellow, like those of an owl, his head was round, like a hare, and his tail was short and fluffy, such as is usually the case with small cubs. The boy's parents claimed that this is an animal unknown to science that lives in hot tropical forests. Therefore, in the main text, whose heroes are, allegedly, the children's toys of Eduard Uspensky, Cheburashka is really an unknown tropical animal that climbed into a box of oranges, fell asleep there, and as a result, along with the box, ended up in Big city. The director of the store in which the box was opened called it “Cheburashka”, since the animal, which had eaten too many oranges, was constantly falling (cheburah):

He sat, sat, looked around, and then he took it and cheburahnulsya from the table to the chair. But he did not sit on a chair for a long time - he cheburahnulsya again. On the floor.
- Fu you, Cheburashka what! - the director of the store said about him, - He can’t sit still at all!
So our animal found out that his name is Cheburashka ...

Novels and plays about Cheburashka were written by Eduard Uspensky (plays - together with Roman Kachanov):

"Crocodile Gena and his friends" (1966) - story
"Cheburashka and his friends" (1970) - play (together with R. Kachanov)
“Vacation of Crocodile Gena” (1974) - play (together with R. Kachanov)
"The Business of Gena the Crocodile" (1992) - a story (together with I. E. Agron)
"Crocodile Gena - police lieutenant"
"Cheburashka goes to the people"
"Kidnapping Cheburashka"

Based on the book, director Roman Kachanov created four cartoons:

"Crocodile Gena" (1969)
"Cheburashka" (1971)
Shapoklyak (1974)
"Cheburashka goes to school" (1983)

After the release of the first series of cartoons, Cheburashka became very popular in the USSR. Since then, Cheburashka has been the hero of many Russian jokes. In 2001, Cheburashka gained great popularity in Japan.

On summer Olympic Games 2004 in Athens was chosen as the mascot of the Russian Olympic team. At the 2006 Winter Olympics, Cheburashka, the symbol of the Russian Team, changed into white winter fur. At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Cheburashka was "dressed" in red fur.

At the 2010 Winter Olympics, Cheburashka the mascot won blue fur.

In the 1990s and 2000s, disputes broke out over the copyright for the image of Cheburashka. They concerned the use of the image of Cheburashka in various products, the names of kindergartens, children's variety studios and clubs (which was a common practice in Soviet time), as well as the authorship of the very image of Cheburashka, which, according to Eduard Uspensky, belongs entirely to him, while his opponents argue that the characteristic image of Cheburashka with big ears known today was created by Leonid Shvartsman. In the 1990s, Eduard Uspensky also acquired the rights to the Cheburashka trademark, which had previously been used in products such as sweets and children's cosmetics. The use of the name became the subject of a dispute between the writer and the Krasny Oktyabr confectionery factory. In particular, in February 2008, the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Film Fund of the Soyuzmultfilm Film Studio (the owner of the rights to the image) expressed its intention to demand compensation from the creators of the film The Most best movie» for using the image of Cheburashka without permission.

The origin of the word "cheburashka"

The version about a defective toy, set out in the introduction to his book, Ouspensky rejects as composed especially for children. In an interview with a Nizhny Novgorod newspaper, Eduard Uspensky says:

I came to visit a friend, and his little daughter was trying on a fluffy fur coat that dragged along the floor,<…>The girl was constantly falling, stumbling over her fur coat. And her father, after another fall, exclaimed: “Oh, she’s gone crazy again!”. This word stuck in my memory, I asked its meaning. It turned out that "cheburahnutsya" - it means "to fall." And so the name of my hero appeared.

In the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language" by V. I. Dahl, both the word "cheburakhnutsya" in the meaning of "fall", "crash", "stretch", and the word "cheburashka", defined by him in various dialects as "a checker of a burlak strap" , hung on the tail, "or as" a roly-poly, a chrysalis, which, no matter how you throw it, gets up on its own. According to Fasmer's etymological dictionary, "cheburakhnut" is derived from the words chuburok, chapurok, cheburakh - "a wooden ball at the end of a burlak tow", of Turkic origin. Another related word is "chebyrka" - a whip, at the end of which there is a ball on the hair.

The origin of the word "cheburashka", in the sense of a tumbler toy, described by Dahl, is due to the fact that many fishermen made such toys from wooden balls, which were floats for fishing nets, and were also called cheburashka.

The writer, who left us on August 14, called the birthday of everyone's favorite eared animal August 20, 1966, the day when the book "Crocodile Gena and his friends" was published.

It so happened that Eduard Nikolaevich before the holiday Cheburashki. But, according to the established tradition, the birthday will still be celebrated and, of course, they will remember the one thanks to whom Cheburashka "was born."

species unknown to science

As soon as our Cheburashka is not called abroad! Drutten, muxis, Plumps, Kullerchen, Topple, Kulverstukas… Where did his original name come from? Edward Uspensky told a sweet story about how his friend's little daughter was constantly falling, stepping on the edge of her mother's fur coat, in which she wrapped herself up while playing.

When she flopped again, dad said, “Oh. Again cheburahnul. As the writer later found out, to cheburah means to “fall”, “thump”, “crash”. The writer liked the word, and he applied it, inventing one of the most famous cartoon names.

But in the preface to the children's book, Uspensky said that one of his children's toys was called Cheburashka. The toy was defective and was an ugly animal of a species unknown to science. Yellow owl eyes, big ears, a small tail - neither a bear, nor a hare, it is not clear who.

When the child asked who it was and where it lives, they told him a fairy tale that it lives in the tropical jungle, eats oranges and is called Cheburashka.

Interestingly, in the 1965 edition, Cheburashka is not at all like the one we know from the cartoon. And he created a familiar image for all of us Leonid Shvartsman.

The word "cheburashka" is also in the dictionary Dalia. There, one of the meanings is a tumbler doll that gets up “on its feet” from any position. But Cheburashka got a name when he did everything the other way around: no matter how they planted him, he fell all the time, cheburah, overeating oranges and falling asleep. From the table to the chair, from the chair to the floor.

Cheburashka walks the planet

Especially loved the funny animal in Japan. When Cheburashka appeared on Japanese TV screens in 2001, the country's puppet industry experienced a production boom. Images of Cheburashka were everywhere: on packages, bags, clothes, milk packaging.

In the form of Cheburashka, chocolate was produced and restaurant dishes were served. It got to the point that the figurines of Cheburashka were placed near the house “for good luck” along with traditional sculptures from Japanese mythology - dragons and kitsune.

In the new series of "Cheburashka" Japanese crocodile Gena reads Japanese basho and is considered a Russian intellectual. And in 2009, the whole series “What kind of Cheburashka?” Was released, consisting of 26 three-minute episodes.

A frame from the Japanese animated series "What kind of Cheburashka?" year 2009.

Tamara Dmitrieva, Vladimir Kenigson, Irina Mazing, Vladimir Rautbart, Vladimir Ferapontov
Director: Roman Kachanov
Writers: Eduard Uspensky, Roman Kachanov
Operators: Teodor Bunimovich, Joseph Golomb, Vladimir Sidorov
Composers: Mikhail Ziv, Vladimir Shainsky
Artists: Leonid Shvartsman, Olga Bogolyubova
Year: 1969-1983
Series: 4

Cheburashka! This cute touching creature with radiant eyes and huge ears everyone knows! For all the time of its existence, Cheburashka managed to become not only a character of four famous cartoons, the hero of many children's educational games, cultural and social projects, numerous parodies, but even made it to the world level, becoming the mascot of the Russian Olympic team.

"Crocodile Gena", "Cheburashka"

Cheburashka owes his birth to children's writer Edward Uspensky. It was he who in 1966 wrote the first book about the adventures of this animal unknown to science. As stated in the preface to the book itself, the name of the hero appeared thanks to Ouspensky's children's toy: either a teddy bear or a hare with giant ears, large yellow eyes and a short tail.

The boy's parents, in all seriousness, claimed that this was an unexplored breed of a tropical animal. Therefore, in his work, Eduard Uspensky described Cheburashka precisely as an unknown tropical animal that climbed into a box of oranges, fell asleep there, and as a result ended up in a big city along with a box. The director of the store that accepted oranges gave him the name "Cheburashka", because the animal that had eaten oranges did not stand on its feet and constantly fell (cheburah).

"Crocodile Gena", "Cheburashka"

And the image of Cheburashka known to us today was created by the animator Leonid Shvartsman. With the old woman Shapoklyak also turned out interesting story. As you know, the word "shapoklyak" in French means "folding cylinder".

Therefore, initially Leonid Shvartsman painted Shapoklyak as a thin young lady, in dark clothes, with long nose and a gray tuft of hair on his head. However, something was missing ... Once the artist remembered his mother-in-law and added mother-in-law's cheeks and surprised big eyes to the old woman Shapoklyak. Then he added a lace frill, cuffs and a hat - it turned out to be the spitting image of the artist's mother-in-law.

Song of Cheburashka

Blue carriage

The Artistic Council was delighted - the wonderful old woman Shapoklyak turned out! It was easier with Crocodile Gena. Yet the crocodile, as they say - and in Africa the crocodile. By the way, upon closer examination, scientists recognized in the image of Crocodile Gena not a crocodile at all, but ... an alligator!

"Crocodile Gena", "Cheburashka"

Do you know what? The first cartoon "Crocodile Gena" was rejected by the editorial board of Soyuzmultfilm, which was associated with the KGB. In the construction of the house of friends, she saw an analogy with the construction of the CMEA and the cartoon was assigned the third, lowest category of rental. Resulting in creative Group animators did not receive a single award for the picture, and the film itself was not recommended for wide release.

When presenting the second cartoon - "Cheburashka", the editorial board again saw sedition. This series, in their opinion, "discredited the pioneer organization." The director of the picture, Roman Kachanov, had to urgently insert a replica into the cartoon: “The pioneers take the best.”

Despite the fact that after the release of the first cartoon about Cheburashka, the character became very popular among the Soviet people, they tried to ban the cartoon.

"Crocodile Gena", "Cheburashka"

One of the newspapers came out with a "damaging" article, the headline of which read: "Who will adopt Cheburashka?" It popularly explained that Cheburashka is a homeless child who has no homeland!

Yes, and the crocodile Gena is also not a role model, you see, he is looking for friends through ads, but everyone knows that soviet man looking for them in the team! Cheburashka is very much loved not only here, but also in Japan. No wonder, because he looks like a typical Japanese hero: huge eyes, small mouth. The Japanese affectionately call it the "Russian miracle" Chebi.

In addition, Gena the Crocodile's song was also translated into Finnish, as well as into English, Swedish, German, Bulgarian, Polish and other languages. Cartoons by Roman Kachanov "Crocodile Gena", "Cheburashka" and "Shapoklyak" in different time appeared on the screens of each of these countries. At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, he was chosen as the mascot of the Russian Olympic team.

At the 2006 Winter Olympics, Cheburashka, the symbol of the Russian Team, changed into white winter fur. At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Cheburashka was "dressed" in red fur. At the 2010 Winter Olympics, Cheburashka the mascot won blue fur.

Lithuanian kids call Cheburashka - Kulverstukas, and Swedish - Drutten. This is how the name of the hero is translated into their native languages. In 2005, in connection with a charity event for orphans "Cheburashka's Birthday", Eduard Nikolaevich Uspensky announced that August 20 is considered Cheburashka's birthday.