Is the Shemyakin Court relevant in our time. Satirical works in ancient Russian literature - "Shemyakin Court

There lived two brothers. One was poor and the other rich. The poor brother had no firewood. Nothing to fire up the oven. It's cold in the hut.

He went into the forest, chopped firewood, but no horse. How to bring firewood?

- I'll go to my brother, I'll ask for a horse.

His wealthy brother received him unkindly.

“Take a horse, but don’t put a big load on it, and don’t rely on me ahead: give today and give tomorrow, and then go through the world yourself.”

The poor man brought the horse home and remembered:

“Oh, I don’t have a collar! I didn’t ask right away, and now there’s nothing to go - my brother won’t let me.

Somehow he tied the firewood more tightly to the tail of his brother's horse and rode off.

On the way back, wood caught on a stump, but the poor man did not notice, whipped up his horse.

The horse was hot, rushed and tore off the tail.

When the rich brother saw that the horse had no tail, he swore and shouted:

- I killed my horse! I won't let this thing go!

And sued the poor man.

How much, how little time has passed, the brothers are summoned to the city for trial.

They go, they go. The poor man thinks:

I myself have never been to court, but I have heard the proverb: the weak do not fight the strong, and the poor do not sue the rich. They will sue me.

They were just walking across the bridge. There were no railings. The poor man slipped and fell off the bridge. And at that time, a merchant was driving down the ice, taking his old father to the doctor.

The poor man fell and got right into the sleigh and bruised the old man to death, while he himself remained alive and unharmed.

The merchant grabbed the poor man:

Let's go to the judge!

And three went into the city: a poor man, a rich brother, and a merchant.

The poor man was completely upset:

Now they will surely sue.

Then he saw a heavy stone on the road. He grabbed a stone, wrapped it in a rag and put it in his bosom:

Seven troubles - one answer: if the judge does not judge according to me and sue, I will kill the judge.

Come to the judge. A new one has been added to the old one. The judge began to judge, interrogate.

And the poor brother looks at the judge, takes out a stone in a rag from his bosom, and whispers to the judge:

- Judge, judge, but look here.

So one, and another, and a third. The judge saw and thought: Isn't the peasant showing gold?

I looked again - a big promise.

If and silver, a lot of money.

And he ordered the poor brother to keep the tailless horse until the horse's tail grew back.

And the merchant said:

- Because this man killed your father, let him stand on the ice under the same bridge, and you jump on him from the bridge and crush him to death, as he crushed your father.

That is where the trial ended.

Rich Brother says:

- Well, okay, so be it, I'll take your tailless horse.

“What are you, brother,” the poor man replies. - Let it be, as the judge has ordered: I will hold your horse until the tail grows.

The rich brother began to persuade:

- I'll give you thirty rubles, just give me the horse.

- All right, give me the money.

The rich brother counted out thirty rubles, and on that they got along.

Then the merchant began to ask:

“Listen, little man, I forgive you your fault, you won’t bring your parent back anyway.

- No, let's go, if the court has awarded, jump on me from the bridge.

“I don’t want your death, make peace with me, and I’ll give you a hundred rubles,” the merchant asks.

The poor man received a hundred rubles from the merchant. And just about to leave, the judge calls him:

- Well, let's promise.

The poor man took out a bundle from his bosom, unfolded the rag and showed the stone to the judge.

- Here's what he showed you and said: Judge, judge, but look here. If you sued me, I would have killed you.

That's good, - the judge thinks, - that I judged this peasant, otherwise I wouldn't live.

And the poor man, cheerful, with songs, came home.

There were two brothers in the village, one poor and one rich. The poor man needed a horse to transport firewood. He turned to his rich brother for help. He gave, but without a collar. The sleigh had to be tied to the tail. But forgetting to put a doorway, the poor man left the animal without a tail. The rich man went to the judge, the brother followed him, realizing that he would be called anyway. On the way to the city, the travelers stopped for the night at the priest's. The poor man fell off the bed and crushed the child. And trying to commit suicide fell on an elderly man and he also died. In response to the accusations, the poor man shows Shemyaka a wrapped stone. The judge thinks it's a bribe. He ordered the horse to remain with the poor until the tail grows back, to make a new child with the butt, and the old man's son can take revenge by falling on him in the same way. The plaintiffs give money to the defendant in order not to carry out the sentence. And the judge, having learned that there was a stone in the bundle, thanks God for salvation.

Conclusion (my opinion)

The story is satirical. Reveals the deceit and dishonesty of judges. Plaintiffs are doing the wrong thing by dragging an innocent man to trial. Although he certainly deserves punishment, he does not have malicious intent in his heart. The described events could have been avoided, do not be greedy with a collar.

There lived two peasant brothers: one rich and the other poor. For many years the rich lent money to the poor, but he remained just as poor. Once a poor man came to ask a rich man for a horse to bring firewood. He reluctantly gave the horse. Then the poor man began to ask for a collar. But the brother got angry and did not give the collar.

There is nothing to do - the poor tied his firewood to the horse's tail. When he was carrying firewood home, he forgot to set up a gateway, and the horse, driving through the gate, tore off his tail.

The poor man brought his brother a horse without a tail. But he did not take the horse, but went to the city to judge Shemyaka to beat his brother with his forehead. The poor man followed him, knowing that he would still be forced to appear in court.

They came to a village. The rich man stayed with his acquaintance, a rural priest. The poor man came to the same priest and lay down on the bed. The rich man and the priest sat down to eat, but the poor man was not invited. He watched from the bed what they were eating, fell down, fell on the cradle and crushed the child. Pop also went to town to complain about the poor man.

They were crossing the bridge. And below, along the moat, one man was taking his father to the bathhouse. The poor man, foreseeing his death, decided to commit suicide. He threw himself off the bridge, fell on the old man and killed him. He was caught and brought before the judge. The poor man thought about what to give him to the judge ... He took a stone, wrapped it in a kerchief and stood in front of the judge.

After listening to the complaint of the rich brother, Judge Shemyaka ordered the poor man to answer. He showed the judge the wrapped stone. Shemyaka decided: let the poor not give the horse to the rich until it grows a new tail.

Then he brought a petition pop. And the poor man showed the stone again. The judge decided: let the priest give the poor priest until he “gets” a new child.

Then the son began to complain, whose father was crushed by the poor. The poor man showed the stone again to the judge. The judge decided: let the plaintiff kill the poor man in the same way, that is, throw himself at him from the bridge.

After the trial, the rich began to ask the poor for a horse, but he refused to give it back, citing a judicial decision. The rich man gave him five rubles to give him a horse without a tail.

Then the poor man began, by a judicial decision, to demand a priest from the priest. The priest gave him ten rubles, only that he should not take the priests.

Poor suggested that the third plaintiff comply with the judge's decision. But he, on reflection, did not want to rush at him from the bridge, but began to put up and also gave the poor bribe.

And the judge sent his man to the defendant to ask about the three bundles that the poor man showed to the judge. The poor man pulled out a stone. Shemyakin's servant was surprised and asked what kind of stone it was. The defendant explained that if the judge did not judge him, he would have bruised him with this stone.

When he learned of the danger that threatened him, the judge was very glad that he judged in this way. And the poor man, rejoicing, went home.

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There lived two peasant brothers: one rich and the other poor. For many years the rich lent money to the poor, but he remained just as poor. Once a poor man came to ask a rich man for a horse to bring firewood. He reluctantly gave the horse. Then the poor man began to ask for a collar. But the brother got angry and did not give the collar.

There is nothing to do - the poor tied his firewood to the horse's tail. When he was carrying firewood home, he forgot to set up a gate, and the horse, passing through the gate, tore off his tail.

The poor man brought his brother a horse without a tail. But he did not take the horse, but went to the city to judge Shemyaka to beat his brother with his forehead. The poor man followed him, knowing that he would still be forced to appear in court.

They came to a village. The rich man stayed with his acquaintance - a rural priest. The poor man came to the same ass and lay down on the bed. The rich man and the priest sat down to eat, but the poor man was not invited. He watched from the bed what they were eating, fell down, fell on the cradle and crushed the child. Pop also went to town to complain about the poor man.

They were crossing the bridge. And below, along the moat, one man was taking his father to the bathhouse. The poor man, foreseeing his death, decided to commit suicide. He threw himself off the bridge, fell on the old man and killed him. He was caught and brought before the judge. The poor man thought about what to give him to the judge ... He took a stone, wrapped it in a kerchief and stood in front of the judge.

After listening to the complaint of the rich brother, Judge Shemyaka ordered the poor man to answer. He showed the judge a wrapped stone. Shemyaka decided: let the poor not give the horse to the rich until it grows a new tail.

Then he brought a petition pop. And the poor man showed the stone again. The judge decided: let the priest give the poor priest until he “gets” a new child.

Then the son began to complain, whose father was crushed by the poor. The poor man showed the stone again to the judge. The judge decided: let the plaintiff kill the poor man in the same way, that is, throw himself at him from the bridge.

After the trial, the rich began to ask the poor for a horse, but he refused to give it back, citing a judicial decision. The rich man gave him five rubles to give him a horse without a tail.

Then the poor man began, by a judicial decision, to demand a priest from the priest. The priest gave him ten rubles, only that he should not take the priests.

Poor suggested that the third plaintiff comply with the judge's decision. But he, on reflection, did not want to rush at him from the bridge, but began to put up and also gave the poor bribe.

And the judge sent his man to the defendant to ask about the three bundles that the poor man showed to the judge. The poor man pulled out a stone. Shemyakin's servant was surprised and asked what kind of stone it was. The defendant explained that if the judge did not judge him, he would have bruised him with this stone.

When he learned of the danger that threatened him, the judge was very glad that he judged in this way. And the poor man, rejoicing, went home.

ema: "Shemyakin Court".Depiction of real and fictitious events is the main innovation Literature XVII century.

Lesson Objectives : to show the ideological and artistic originality of the story as a satirical work;

develop skills

• text analysis,
• monologue skills,
• expressive reading,
• illustration descriptions.

Methodical methods:conversation on questions, comments of the teacher, expressive reading by roles, elements of text analysis, story by illustrations.

During the classes

I. Checking homework.

1) Reading several essays about A. Nevsky.

2) Slide 1-2 . Conversation on the article "The Tale of Shemyakin court» (p. 29 – 30)

• How do you understand what a democratic l-ra is? (It was created for the people. The environment and reflected the people's ideals and ideas about power, court, the Church, truth, the meaning of life)
• Who was the hero of the democratic l-ry? ( simple people, who did nothing significant for history, did not become famous for anything. Often losers, poor people).

II. Teacher's story about democratic literature.Russian l - ra at the turn of the ΧVІІ - ΧVІІІ centuries. was a very variegated picture, characteristic of the transitional period. There was a stratification of l - ry: in parallel with literature, the democratic l - ra developed. Every year expanding in volume and more and more attracting public attention. This l - ra was created in the people's environment and reflected the people's ideals and ideas about power, court, church, truth, the meaning of life. The heroes of the works of this literature were ordinary people, the so-called " small man”, famous for nothing, often destitute, poor, disenfranchised.

In the history of Russian lit. language democratic l - ra ΧVІІ - ΧVІІІ centuries left a deep, indelible meaning. She poured two powerful jets into the bookish language developed by the previous development - folk-poetic speech and lively colloquial speech, which contributed to the formation literary language era.

slide 3 One of the works of democratic l - ry is "The Tale of the Shemyakin Court". The name of the hero was associated with the name of the Galician prince Dmitry Shemyaka, who blinded his brother, the Moscow prince Vasily II and was known as an unrighteous judge. Shemyakini's name has become a household name.

P. is found both in prose and in poetic versions.

Senior of known lists prose text refers to late XVII V. In the XVIII century. prose text was arranged in unequal syllabic verse; there are also transcriptions of the work in tonic verse and iambic six-foot.

Starting from the 1st floor. 18th century lubok publications appear (Rovinsky D . Russian folk pictures.- St. Petersburg, 1881.- Book. 1. - P. 189-192), which reproduce the plot of the work in an abridged form (they were reprinted 5 times, up to the edition with a censored note in 1838).

During the XVIII-XX centuries. numerous literary adaptations of P. appear; in the 1st third of the 19th century. The work has been translated into German. The name of the story - "Shemyakin Court" - has become a folk saying.

III. Reading the story by roles by pre-prepared students.

IV. Textbook discussion.

v. Additional tasks:

1. Plan Slide 4

1st part:

1. Two brothers: rich and poor
2. Horse without a tail
3. Fell off the board
4. Commit yourself to death

In the first part P. talks about how main character commits three crimes (tearing off the tail of a horse that belonged to his rich brother; falling off the horse-drawn carriage, knocking the priest's son to death; throwing himself from the bridge, he kills the old man whom his son was taking to the bathhouse). These three episodes can be seen as "simple forms", as unfinished anecdotes, as a plot. By themselves, they are funny, but the plot is not completed, not “untied”.

Part 2: Slide 5

5. Shemyaka referee
6. Stone wrapped in a handkerchief
7. The poor man praised God

In the second part it is described how the poor man shows the unrighteous judge Shemyaka a stone wrapped in a scarf, which the judge takes for a promise - a bag of money, for which he sentences the rich brother to give the horse to the poor man until it grows a new tail, punishes the priest to give the priest until the poor man will not “get the child”, but he also offers the son of the murdered old man to throw himself from the bridge at the murderer. The plaintiffs prefer to pay off in order not to comply with the decisions of the judge. Shemyaka, having learned that the poor man showed him a stone, thanked God: “as if I hadn’t judged by him, but he would have slapped me.”

slide 6 The comedy of these anecdotes is enhanced by the fact that Shemyaka's sentences are, as it were, a mirror image of the poor man's adventures. The rich brother is ordered by the judge to wait for the horse to grow a new tail. The judge punishes the priest: “Give him your wife to get to those places (until then) until he gets a child for you from your father. At that time, take papada from him with the child.”

Slide 7 A similar decision is made in the third case. “Go up to the bridge,” Shemyaka says to the plaintiff, “and if you killed your father, stand under the bridge, and. you yourself from the bridge fall on him, so kill him, as he is your father. It is not surprising that the plaintiffs preferred to pay off: they pay the poor so that he does not force them to comply with the decisions of the judge.

Reading the story, the Russian people of the 17th century naturally compared the Shemyaka trial with the real judicial practice of their time. Such a comparison enhanced the comic effect of the work. The fact is that according to the "Code" (code of laws) of 1649, retribution was also mirror image crimes. For murder they were executed by death, for arson they were burned, for minting a counterfeit coin they poured molten lead into their throats. It turned out that the Shemyaka trial was a direct parody of ancient Russian legal proceedings.

The story introduces us into the tense atmosphere of life in Russia for the second time. half of XVII V. She denounced the unrighteous (“for a bribe”) legal proceedings, but with good-natured humor she painted the image of the judge himself - Shemyaka, who decided cases in favor of the poor, and not in favor of the rich and the priest.

VII. Slide 9 Try to define genre features"Shemyakina Court"

• "Sh. court" is defined assatirical story,
• but the work is close to folklore, reminiscent of everyday fairy tale : heroes-commoners, the cunning and ingenuity of the protagonist, who turned the case in his favor.
• "Sh. court" wears some features of the parable Keywords: edification, opposition of poverty and wealth, external unemotionality of the narration, construction of phrases (anaphora), parallelism of episodes.
• The illustrated version of the work resembles comics

VIII. Working with illustrations.Group task:retell several episodes depicted in the illustrations close to the text.

ІΧ. Slide 10 D. h. 1. What impression did the story make on you? Prepare a detailed answer by including the expression "Shemyakin court" as a saying.

In a certain place there lived two brothers who were farmers, one rich, the other poor. The rich man lent money to the poor for many years, and could not fulfill his poverty. Once a poor man came to a rich man to ask his horse to bring firewood. His brother did not want to give him a horse and said to him: “I lent you a lot, brother, but could not fill it. And when he gave him a horse, the poor man began to ask him for a collar. And his brother got angry with him, began to revile his squalor: - You don’t even have your collar! And did not give him a collar. The poor man left the rich man, took his firewood, tied his horse by the tail, went into the forest and brought it to his court. He hit the horse with a whip, but forgot to set up the gateway. The horse, with all its might, rushed through the doorway with the cart and tore off its tail. The poor man brought a horse without a tail to his brother. The brother, seeing that his horse was without a tail, began to reproach his wretched brother because, having begged for a horse, spoiled it, and, without taking a horse, went to beat him with his forehead in the city to Shemyaka the judge.

("Shemyakin Court")

Test on "The Tale of Shemyakin Court"

A1 . Determine the genre of the work from which the fragment is taken.

1) fairy tale 2) story 3) life 4) teaching

A2 . What is the place of this fragment in the work?

1. opens the narrative
2. completes the story
3. is the climax of the story
4. is one of the stages in the development of the plot

A3 . main theme this fragment is:

1. debt theme
2. the theme of human inner freedom
3. labor theme
4. theme of different life of two brothers

A4. What determines the lifestyle of a poor brother?

1. desire to get rich
2. caring for rich brother
3. the desire to take more from a rich brother
4. desire to help all people

1. reveals the absence of a human element in the hero
2. shows disregard for the goodness of a brother
3. characterizes the psychological state of the hero
4. emphasizes the social position of the hero

IN 1. Indicate the term by which in literary criticism words are characterized that have become obsolete over time (“yoke”, “vilify”, “wood firewood”).

AT 2. Name the means of creating the image of the hero, based on the description of his appearance (from the words: "Went miserable ...")

AT 3. From the paragraph beginning with the words: “And when he gave ...”, write out a word that characterizes the attitude of a rich brother to the ignorance of a poor one.

AT 4. Explain the meaning of the word forehead

C1. What does the expression mean"shemyakin court" ? which of the two brothers was wrong? Why? Preview:

2nd part: 5. Shemyaka judge 6. A stone wrapped in a scarf 7. The poor man praised God 5

The poor man shows the unrighteous judge Shemyaka a stone wrapped in a scarf, which the judge takes for a promise - a bag of money for which he sentences the rich brother to give the horse to the poor until it grows a new tail, punishes the ass to give the popad until the poor man does not " will get the child, ”and the son of the murdered old man also offers to throw himself from the bridge at the murderer. 6

Engraving on copper, first half of the 18th century. From an illustration for the fairy tale "Shemyakin Court", first half of the 18th century). From the Rovinsky collection. “Climb up to the bridge,” Shemyaka says to the plaintiff, “and when you kill your father, stand under the bridge, and you yourself from the bridge turn on him, so kill him, as he is your father.” It is not surprising that the plaintiffs preferred to pay off: they pay the poor so that he does not force them to comply with the decisions of the judge. 7

Do you think the poor man's brother is a positive or negative image? (YES, positive. NO, negative) 2. Do you think poor brother is a positive or negative image? (YES, positive." NO, negative) write in the table justify your position on controversial issue with help keywords. As a result, a similar table could appear: Yes (for) No (against) 1. Enterprise 2. Activity 3. Pressure 4. Ingenuity 1. Obsession 2. Deceit 3. Cowardice 4. Insolence 5. Insolence 8

Genre features of "Shemyakin's Court" A satirical story Reminiscent of an everyday fairy tale Find the features of the parable What do the illustrations on page 33 remind you of? 9

D. h. 1. What impression did the story make on you? Prepare a detailed answer by including the expression "shemyakin court" as a saying. 3. Read "Undergrowth". 10

Resources http://www.peoples.ru/state/king/russia/dmitriy_shemyaka/shemyaka_7.jpg http://wiki.laser.ru/images/thumb/e/e4/%d0%a8%d0%b5%d0 %bc%d1%8f%d0%ba%d0%b8%d0%bd_%d1%81%d1%83%d0%b4.jpg/240px-%d0%a8%d0%b5%d0%bc%d1% 8f%d0%ba%d0%b8%d0%bd_%d1%81%d1%83%d0%b4.jpg http://www.rusinst.ru/showpic.asp?t=articles&n=ArticleID&id=4951 http: //www.ozon.ru/multimedia/books_covers/1000491396.jpg 11