Description of the Dragunov SVD sniper rifle. Dragunov sniper rifle (SVD)

SVD stands for Dragunov Sniper Rifle.. In the army of the USSR and the Russian Federation, it passes under the GAU-6V1 index. The rifle is designed according to the cartridge 7.62x54R mm and has gas automatics. The development of the rifle from 1958 to 1963 was carried out by the team of the Izhevsk Design Bureau "Target Sporting Weapons" under the leadership of Evgeny Fedorovich Dragunov. The rifle was adopted Soviet army July 3, 1963

After WWII, tactics and warfare became different, which required new weapons for snipers. In this connection, the Main Artillery Directorate of the Ministry of Defense gave the task to create a self-loading rifle chambered for 7.62x54 mm. E.F. presented samples of his rifles. Dragunov, S.G. Simonov, M.T. Kalashnikov and A.S. Konstantinov. The new rifle was supposed to replace the SVT-40 and Mosin sniper rifles, as they did not have a sufficient rate of fire and accuracy of battle. SVD it also had to replace the SKS carbine under an intermediate cartridge, since the carbine could not fully replace the sniper rifle, and the melee weapon was already replacing the AK-47. The problem with all rifles was the creation sniper rifle with automation, since automation negatively affects many characteristics when shooting, since there is a return from the shutter, loss of power when part of the powder gases are removed. After competitive field tests in 1959, in terms of accuracy, a sample of the SSV-58 rifle designed by E.F. Dragunov was sent for further improvement. In 1963, Dragunov introduced a modified version of his OSV-61 rifle. After comparative tests with the Konstantinov rifle, the rifle " 7.62 mm Dragunov sniper rifle - SVD. In fact, the army received an intermediate version of the rifle, between the "sniper" and "combat" rifles.

Ammunition

To fire from SVD rifle cartridges 7.62x54 mm R are used. The range of cartridges for SVD is quite wide: tracer, armor-piercing, armor-piercing incendiary, expansive, simple, etc. Shooting out SVD provides only a single fire, a box magazine for 10 rounds is used to supply cartridges. The advantage of this ammunition during the battle is its prevalence, since it is in every tank or armored personnel carrier or PKM machine gunner.

Automation

Dragunov sniper rifle has a gas outlet. During the shot, part of the powder gases from the bore enter the gas chamber in which the piston is located. Powder gases press on the piston, as a result of which the bolt frame is pushed to the rear position and compresses the return spring, cocks the trigger, when returning to the firing position, the bolt snatches a new cartridge and sends it into the chamber. After shooting all the cartridges from the magazine, the bolt stops in the rear position, which makes it clear to the fighter that the rifle needs to be reloaded. At the end of the barrel there is a muzzle brake-flash suppressor to reduce recoil, reduce recoil and protect the bore from dirt. You can also attach a bayonet knife for hand-to-hand combat to the rifle. Most likely, the bayonet-knife became an attribute after the Second World War from the Mosin rifle with its bayonet, it is doubtful that it will be used in battle SVD as a melee weapon.
Often automatic SVD compared with AK-47 automatics, since both have gas exhaust automatics, rotary locking of the cartridge in the barrel, a similar shutter shape, UDS mechanism. But SVD designed to perform other tasks, for this reason, automation SVD compared to the AK-47, it has longer reload cycles, which reduces recoil and increases the smoothness of the mechanism. The piston with the shutter are not a single unit. The gas outlet unit has a powder gas outlet regulator to adjust the operation of the shutter depending on the ammunition and the contamination of the barrel. The safety of the rifle is provided by a safety lever on the right side.

Target range.
The standard sight for the Dragunov sniper rifle is the PSO-1 sight, which is designed for shooting up to 1300 meters. It is generally accepted that shooting at such a distance is possible at group targets or for conducting intimidating fire. With the POS-1 sight in Afghanistan, Vladimir Ilyin managed to hit the enemy at a distance of 1350 meters, which for SVD is a record, as well as rifles with a caliber of 7.62 mm. In reality, a rifle can fire effectively at 600-700 meters.
Accuracy standard for SVD there was shooting at a target at a distance of 100 meters with four cartridges with a steel core, if the spread of hits was 8 cm, then the accuracy was considered normal. In 1967, while shooting from a rifle SVD began to use the 7N1 sniper cartridge. When firing at 300 meters, holes from the 7N1 cartridge were placed in a circle of 10-12 cm.
First SVD produced with a rifling of the barrel 320 mm, like in sporting rifles, which provided excellent accuracy of fire. But with the same rifling pitch, the B-32 armor-piercing incendiary cartridges had poor accuracy, and therefore in 1975 it was decided to produce rifles SVD with a rifling pitch of 240 mm to increase the accuracy of the B-32 cartridges, which negatively affected the accuracy for simple cartridges, the accuracy increased from 8 cm to 10 cm when firing at 100 meters.
For firing there is a mechanical sight. It is possible to install night sights NSPUM and NSPU-3 with the ability to conduct aimed fire at night at 300 meters. There is an opinion that SVD obsolete, but this can be refuted by the fact that the rifle is intended for company snipers "the first step of a sniper", these snipers are not trained in long-range shooting, and when shooting at long distances there are other rifles for such tasks, the second point is a weak PSO-1 for such distances.

Sighting range of a direct shot:

• according to the head figure, target size 30 cm-350 meters,
• according to the chest figure, target size 50 cm-430 meters,
• according to the running figure, the size of the target is 150 cm-640 meters.

To improve convenience SVD has an orthopedic buttstock with a handle in a wooden box, later the stocks were made of anti-nuclear plastic.

On the basis of the SVD rifle were created:

• SVDS is a variant of the SVD with a folding butt and a shortened barrel, the rifle is designed for airborne troops, created in 1991, in 1995 it was adopted by the Russian army.
• -SVU-version of the bullpup SVD, the bolt mechanism with the magazine is up to the handle with the trigger.
• -SVDK-SVD designed for 9.3x64 mm cartridge
• -TSV-1-SVD "Small" chambered for 5.6x15.6 mm
• -SVDM-modified version of SVD. Added picatinny rail removable bipod.
• -SVU-AS-short, automatic, with bipod. Appeared in the early 1990s

The rifle is in service not only with the countries of the former USSR, but also with many countries in Europe and Asia. Produced/moose in Yugoslavia, China, Romania, India.

SVD fully fulfills its tasks for army units, when medium-trained fighters can fire and are almost always included in reconnaissance units or DRGs. High reliability and simplicity explain its popularity all over the world and its practical use during major military conflicts. Among the shortcomings of the rifle, its PSO-1 sight can be distinguished, since it has only a 4-fold increase.

TTX Sniper Rifle Dragunov-SVD

Number of shots	10 rounds
barrel caliber	7.62x54 mm
combat rate of fire	30 shots per minute
Maximum rate of fire	no data
Sighting range	1300 meters
Maximum firing range	3800 meters
Effective Shooting	600 meters
Initial departure speed	830 m/s
Automation	gas outlet
Weight	4.5 kg dry + 0.6 kg sight + 0.2 kg magazine with cartridges
bullet energy	3500 J
Dimensions	1225 mm

The Dragunov sniper rifle has been in service with our country since 1963 and is the second most popular sniper rifle in the world after those created on the basis of the American Remington 700.

Excellent technical characteristics even today, recognizable appearance and the original sound of the shot made the SVD popular among civilians. It is present in games, books, there are many stories about its accuracy and penetrating power, often with a bit of fiction.

History of creation

In the 50s, the USSR army was rearmed, which required a modern self-loading sniper rifle firing single shots.

E. F. Dragunov, who has been working since 1945 as a senior gunsmith, and known for creating his sporting firearms, in 1962 began to design his own rifle. In parallel, the development was carried out by A. Konstantinov, both designers completed their projects at about the same time, the Dragunov weapon proved to be more accurate in tests and demonstrated greater accuracy of fire.

In 1963, the rifle, called the SVD, was adopted by the Soviet army.

Peculiarities

The future rifle was supposed to fulfill only certain goals and versatility was not required from it, but the goals set were not easily achievable. High reliability was required, implying increased clearances between moving parts, while high accuracy implied as rigid a design as possible with minimal clearances.

Also, heavy weapons have better stability and show higher accuracy when firing, but it was required to create a light rifle.

When creating Dragunov, he used the design of the shutter, which he used in sporting weapons. The bore was closed by a bolt that turned counterclockwise and had two lugs, plus used a cartridge rammer as a third. Such a scheme of work makes the area of ​​​​the lugs no longer changing the dimensions of the shutter itself, which has a positive effect on the accuracy of fire.

The safety lever not only blocks the trigger, but also locks the bolt carrier, preventing it from moving backwards. The only shooting mode is single. There is a flash hider on the barrel, which protects the barrel from contamination and masks shooting at night.

The magazine contains 10 cartridges of caliber 7.62x54R, ordinary, tracer, armor-piercing-igniting rifle cartridges, 7N1 and 7N14 sniper cartridges, cartridges with JSP and JHP expansive bullets are used.

Specifications, accuracy and accuracy

Thanks to self-loading, produced using the energy of powder gases, the SVD has a good combat rate of fire - up to 30 rounds per minute.

The PSO-1 sight is used, which provides shooting at a distance of up to 1300 meters, however, such shooting is not accurate and makes sense only as a distraction or in the presence of group targets.

The rifling in the barrel when adopted was in increments of 320 mm, later the pitch was reduced to 240 mm, due to which the dispersion of armor-piercing incendiary bullets decreased, but the dispersion of others increased from 8 to 10 cm when firing at a distance of 100 meters.

It is possible to use a specially designed sniper cartridge, which includes a bullet with a steel core, which increases accuracy by 2.5 times.

According to the regulations, the range of a direct shot at a target 30 centimeters high is 350 meters, at a target 50 centimeters high - 430 meters, at a moving target at the speed of a running person 150 centimeters high - 640 meters.

Excellent performance characteristics allow experienced shooters to hit helicopters and planes flying at low speed. In 1989, a Cessna A-37B jet attack aircraft was shot down, and cases of RQ-11 Raven reconnaissance drones are also known.

SIDS

In 1991, the rifle underwent modernization, having received a shortened barrel, improved flame arrester along with a gas outlet assembly, a right-folding stock and a new PSO-1M2 sight.

The modernization was caused by the need to reduce the length of the original weapon, which made it inconvenient to transport it inside military equipment.

SVDK

In 2006, a large-caliber modification 6V9 appeared, designed to destroy targets protected by bulletproof vests inside light vehicles or behind shelters.

A 9.3 × 64 mm 7N33 cartridge is used, whose bullet has an energy of about 4900 J, which makes it possible to penetrate armor 1 cm thick with an 80% probability at a distance of 100 meters.

Created on the basis of the SVD, however, many nodes have undergone changes in order to adapt the weapon to use a powerful cartridge.

The barrel is partially covered with a perforated steel casing, designed to reduce the load on the forearm and bipod. The buttstock and pistol grip are similar to those used on the SVDS, but the butt pad made of rubber is significantly increased due to the increased recoil when firing. Installed a replaceable flame arrester.

Aiming takes place using the 1P70 Hyperon sight, accuracy when firing at a distance of 300 meters is at the level of 18 centimeters.

SVU

The shortened sniper rifle appeared in the 90s and is used as a sniper weapon used in urban environments. Created on the basis of SVD, but with a bullpup layout, which provides for the removal of the trigger in front of the magazine and percussion mechanism.

There is a silencer on the barrel, which reduces the sound of the shot by 10% relative to the SVD and disperses it to make it impossible to determine the position of the sniper, and also suppresses the muzzle flash.

It is capable of automatic bursts of fire, but this mode is used only in emergency situations due to the high recoil and low-capacity magazine.

conclusions

Despite its impressive age, the rifle remains relevant even today. The successful design makes it an ergonomic and balanced weapon, from which aimed shooting is carried out with convenience, and the rate of fire, reaching 30 rounds per minute, distinguishes it from ordinary sniper rifles.

INTRODUCTION

The technical description and operating instructions for the 7.62-mm Dragunov sniper rifle (SVD) are designed to study rifles and optical sights and maintain them in constant combat readiness.

This document contains technical characteristics and information about the design and principle of operation of the rifle and optical sight, as well as the basic rules necessary to ensure the correct operation of the rifle with a sight and the full use of their technical capabilities.

1.TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION

1.1. The purpose of the rifle
1.1.1. The 7.62 mm Dragunov sniper rifle (index 6V1) is a sniper's weapon and is designed to destroy various emerging, moving, open and camouflaged single targets (Fig. 1).
Optical sniper sight (index 6Ts1) is used for precise aiming from a sniper rifle at various targets.

Rice. 1. 7.62 mm Dragunov sniper rifle with optical sight and bayonet:
1 - 7.62 mm Dragunov 6V1 sniper rifle. Sat.;
2 - sniper optical sight 6Ts1. ALZ. 812.000;
3 - bayonet-knife assembly 6x5 sb

1.1.2. For firing from a sniper rifle, rifle cartridges with ordinary, tracer and armor-piercing incendiary bullets, as well as sniper cartridges are used. The sniper rifle fires single shots.
1.1.3. The optical sight allows you to fire at night at infrared sources, as well as under adverse lighting conditions, when it is difficult to shoot at targets with an open sight.
When observing infrared sources, the infrared rays emitted by the source pass through the lens of the sight and act on the screen located in the focal plane of the lens. At the site of action of infrared rays, a glow appears on the screen, giving a visible image of the source in the form of a round greenish spot.

1.2. Technical data
1.2.1. The main design ballistic characteristics of the rifle, rifle cartridge and the design data of the optical sight are given in Table. 1.
Table 1
1. Caliber, mm 7.62
2. Number of grooves 4
3. Sighting range, m:
with telescopic sight 1300
open sight 1200
4. Muzzle velocity, m/s 830
5. Range of the bullet, up to which its lethal effect is maintained, m 3800
6. The mass of the rifle without a bayonet-knife with an optical sight, unloaded
store and cheek, kg 4.3
7. Magazine capacity, rounds 10
8. Rifle length, mm:
without bayonet 1220
with attached bayonet 1370
9. Cartridge mass, g 21.8
10. Mass of an ordinary bullet with a steel core, g 9.6
11. Weight of powder charge, g 3.1
12. Increase in the optical sight, fold. 4
13. Field of view of the sight, degree 6
14. Exit pupil diameter, mm 6
15. Exit pupil removal, mm 68.2
16. Resolution, second, 12
17. The length of the sight with an eyecup and extended hood, mm 375
18. Sight width, mm 70
19. Sight height, mm 132
20. Weight of the sight, g 616
21. Weight of the sight with a set of spare parts and accessories and a case, g 926

1.3. Composition of the rifle
1.3.1. The sniper rifle kit includes (Fig. 1):
optical sniper sight, index 6Ts1 - 1 pc.;
bayonet-knife, index 6X5 - 1 pc.;
bag for sight and magazines (Fig. 3), index 6Sh18 - 1 pc.;
bag for spare parts (Fig. 4), index 6Sh26 - 1 pc.;
belt for carrying small arms (Fig. 5), index 6Sh5 - 1 pc.

1.3.2. The sniper optical sight is completed with a cover, a winter lighting system and an individual spare parts kit.
1.4. The device and operation of the rifle

Rice. 2. 7.62 mm Dragunov sniper rifle:
1- frame 6B1. 2-7; 2- drummer 6V1 2-5; 3- cover 6V1. Sat. 5; 4- rod guide 6B1. 5-6; 5- bushing guide 6B1. 5-5; 6- shutter 6B1. 2-1; 7- axis of the ejector 6V1. 2-3; 8- pin of the drummer 6V1. 2-6; 9- ejector spring 6V1. 2-4; 10 - ejector 6V1. 2-2; 11- return spring 6V1. 5-4; 12- clamp of the aiming rail 6V1. 48; 13- aiming rail 6V1. 1-21; 14- lining left assembly 6В1. Sat. 1-3; 15- pusher spring 6V1. 1-24; 16- latch of the gas pipe 6V1. 1-38; 17- gas chamber 6V1. 1-15; 18- gas piston 6V1. 1-22; 19 - gas pipe 6V1. 1-25; 20- gas regulator 6V1. 1-53; 21- front sight body 6V1. 1-20; 22 - front sight 6V1. 1-17; 23- pusher 6V1. 1-23; 24 - front sight base 6B1. 1-16; 25-barrel 6V1. 1-1; 26- upper ring assembly 6V1. Sat. 1-1; 27- check of the ring 6Bl. Sat. 1-7; 28- stuffing box assembly 6V1. Sat. 1-8; 29- right overlay assembly 6В1. Sat. 1-4; 30- lower ring with spring 6V1. Sat. 1-5; 31- store case 6V1. Sat. 6-1; 32- magazine spring 6V1. 6-12; 33- store cover 6V1. 6-11; 34- bar assembly 6B1. Sat. 6-3; 35- feeder 6V1. Sat. 6-2; 36- box 6B1. 1-2; 37-shield assembly 6V1. Sat. 3; 38 - trigger mechanism 6V1. Sat. 4; 39 - cover pin 6B1. Sat. 1-2; 40 - butt 6V1. Sat. 7

1.4.1. The sniper rifle has the following main parts and mechanisms (Fig. 2):
trunk with a box;
shutter with frame;
shield assembly;
trigger mechanism;
cover with a return mechanism;
shop;
butt;
top ring assembly;
overlay left assy;
lining right assembly;
aiming bar assembly;
the base and body of the fly assembly.

1.4.2. The sniper rifle is a self-loading weapon. Reloading a rifle is based on the use of the energy of powder gases discharged from the bore to the gas piston.

When fired, part of the powder gases following the bullet rushes through the gas outlet in the barrel wall into the gas chamber, presses on the front wall of the gas piston and throws the piston with the pusher, and with them the frame to the rear position.

When the frame moves back, the bolt opens the bore, removes the sleeve from the chamber and throws it out of the receiver, and the frame compresses the return springs and cocks the trigger (puts it on the self-timer cocking).

The frame with the bolt returns to the forward position under the action of the return mechanism, while the bolt sends the next cartridge from the magazine to the chamber and closes the bore, and the frame removes the self-timer sear from under the self-timer platoon of the trigger and the trigger becomes cocked. The shutter is locked by turning it to the left and entering the lugs of the shutter into the cutouts of the receiver.

Rice. 3. Bag for sight and magazines 6Sh18. Sat.

Rice. 4. Bag for spare parts and accessories 6Sh26. Sat.

Rice. 5. Belt for carrying small arms 6Sh5. Sat.

Scope case

To fire another shot, release the trigger and pull it again. After the trigger is released, the rod moves forward and its hook jumps over the sear, and when the trigger is pressed, the rod hook turns the sear and disconnects it from the cocking of the trigger. The trigger, turning on its axis under the action of the mainspring, strikes the striker, and the latter moves forward and pricks the primer-igniter of the cartridge. There is a shot.

When the last cartridge is fired, when the bolt moves back, the magazine feeder raises the bolt stop, the bolt rests against it and the frame stops in the rear position. This is the signal to reload the rifle.

The rifle has a gas regulator that changes the rollback speed of moving parts.

Under normal operating conditions, with lubricated parts, the regulator is set to division 1. During prolonged shooting without cleaning and lubrication and heavy contamination of the rifle, a delay may occur - incomplete withdrawal of moving parts. In this case, the regulator is switched to setting 2. The regulator is transferred from one position to another using the sleeve flange or cartridge.

1.5. The device and operation of the sight and its components
1.5.1. Sniper optical sight (Fig. 6) has the following main parts:
frame;
lens;
eyepiece;
hood;
eyecup;
handwheel with a scale of aiming angles;
handwheel with a scale of lateral corrections;
handle;
light filter in the frame;
guide;
power supply;
lamp;
cap.

A lens in a frame with a retractable lens hood is screwed into the body, and an eyepiece assembly with an eyecup is screwed into the other end of the body. On top of the body is a handwheel with a scale of aiming angles, printed on its cylindrical part. On the handwheel nut are the inscriptions "Up", "Down", "STP" and arrows showing the direction of rotation of the handwheel when aligning the sight.

The aiming angle scale has ten divisions (from 0 to 10). The division price is 100 m. Starting from division 3, using the latch available in the handwheel, it is possible to set aiming angles after 50 m.

On the right side of the case there is a handwheel with a scale of lateral corrections, on the cylindrical part of which 21 divisions are applied (from 0 to 10 in both directions). The dashes and numbers to the right of 0 are black, those to the left of 0 are red.

The scale division value is 0-01. Using the latch located in the handwheel, you can set the corrections through O-00, 5. On the nut securing the handwheel of the lateral correction mechanism, there are inscriptions -Right-, -Left-, -STP- and arrows showing the direction of rotation when aligning the sight.

Rice. 6. Appearance of the sight PSO-1:
1 - blend AL7. 006.002; 2 - lens in frame AL5.917.001; 3 - light filter in frame AL5.940.003; 4- handle AL8.333.004; 5- nut AL8.373.004; 6- handwheel AL8.330.007; 7- case AL8.020.016; 8- eyepiece assembly AL5.923.010; 9- eyecup AL8.647.030; 10 - cap AL6.628.000; 11 - cap AL8.634.003.

On the belts of the handwheel of the aiming angles and the handwheel of the lateral corrections, 60 divisions are applied. The division value is 0-00, 5. The divisions on the handwheel belts serve to read off the correction when aligning the sight on the rifle.

The backlight power supply is located in the housing socket. The nest is closed with a cap.

1.5.2. The optical system of the sight is designed to build an image of objects located on the ground and is a monocular telescopic system with constant magnification.

The optical system (Fig. 7) consists of objective lenses, a reticle, an inverting system, eyepiece lenses, a screen, a light filter, a light orange light filter, and protective glass.

The lens is designed to build an image of the observed object. The image of objects in the focal plane of the lens is inverted from left to right and from top to bottom.

The inverting system is designed to produce a true straight image.

The eyepiece is used to view the image of the observed object and the grid.

The light orange light filter is designed to improve the work with the sight in cloudy weather to increase the contrast of the image.

Rice. 7. Optical scheme:
1,2,3 - AL7 objective lenses. 504.012, AL7.563.006, AL7.523.003; 4 - welded screen 51-IK-071 Sat.14 5,6,7,8 - lenses AL7.504.013, AL7.563.007, AL7.563.008, AL7.504.014 (turning system); 9 - grid AL7.210.009; 10,11,12 - eyepiece lenses AL7.546.001, AL7.508.004, AL7.508.005; 13 - light orange light filter AL7.220.005; 14 - light filter AL7.220 006; 15 - protective glass AL8.640.004.

The grid is a plane-parallel plate. On the plate there are scales for aiming angles and lateral corrections, as well as a rangefinder scale. The view of the field of view of the sight is shown in Figure 8. The aiming angles scale is made in the form of squares up to a range of 1300 m. When the aiming angles handwheel scale is set to division 10, the top of the second aiming sign from the top of the scale on the grid will correspond to a range of 1100 m, the top of the third sign - 1200 m , and the top of the fourth - 1300 m.

Rice. 8. Kind of field of view

To the left and right of the sighting signs is a scale of lateral corrections. Scale division value 0-01. The values ​​of lateral corrections 0-05 and 0-10 are marked with an elongated stroke. Amendment O-10 is marked with the number 10. Two horizontal strokes are applied to the right and left of the scale of lateral corrections.

The rangefinder scale, located on the left under the lateral correction scale, is designed to determine the range to the target. The rangefinder scale is made in the form of two lines. The upper line (curve) is calculated for a target height of 1.7 m and is marked with the numbers 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10.

The sight reticle moves in two mutually perpendicular directions, always remaining in the focal plane of the lens.

1.6. Rifle affiliation
1.6.1. The accessory (fig. 9) is used for disassembling, assembling, cleaning and lubricating the sniper rifle and is carried in a bag for the scope and magazines.

1.6.2. Accessories include: cheek, ramrod, rubbing, ruff, screwdriver, punch, pencil case and oiler.

The cheek is used when shooting from a rifle with an optical sight. In this case, it is put on the butt of the rifle and fixed on it with a lock.

The ramrod is used for cleaning and lubricating the bore, channels and cavities of other parts of the rifle. It consists of three links screwed together.

Wiping is designed to clean and lubricate the bore, as well as the channels and cavities of other parts of the rifle.

The ruff is used to clean the bore with RFS solution.

A screwdriver is used when disassembling and assembling a rifle, cleaning the gas chamber and gas tube, and also as a key when adjusting the position of the front sight in height.

A punch is used to push out axles and pins.

The case serves for storage of rubbing, a ruff, a screw-driver and a punch. It consists of two components: a key case and a case cover.

The key case is used as a ramrod handle when cleaning and lubricating a rifle, as a screwdriver handle when disassembling and assembling a rifle, and as a key when separating a gas tube and assembling a ramrod.

The case cover is used as a muzzle pad when cleaning the barrel.

The lubricator is used to store the lubricant.

Rice. 9. Rifle affiliation:
1- case cover 6Yu7. 1-6; 2- ruff 56-Yu-212. Sat. 5; 3- screwdriver 6Yu7. 1; 4- wiping 56-U-212. Sat. 4; 5- drift 56-Yu-212. 5: 6 - case of the case 6Yu7. Sat. 1-1; 7- oiler 6Yu5. Sat. Sat; 8 - cheek 6Yu7. Sat. 6; 9- ramrod 6Yu7. 2-1; 10- ramrod extension 6Yu7. 2-2; 11- front ramrod extension 6Yu7. 2-3

1.7. Scope accessory
1.7.1. The accessory (Fig. 10) is designed to ensure the normal operation of the sight and replace individual elements that have failed during operation.

1.7.2. Accessories include: a cover, a winter lighting system, a light filter in a frame, a key. cloth, lamp power supply (cassette) and cap.

Rice. 10 Appearance of the PSO-1 sight with an individual set of spare parts and accessories:
1- key AL8. 392.000; 2- section of mercury-zinc elements 2RTs63; 3 - light filter AL5.940.004; 4 - lamp CM 2.5-0.075 (in cassette AL8.212.000); 5- cap AL8.634.004; b- lighting system AL6.622.004

The cover serves to protect the sight from dust, rain, snow, exposure to sunlight, etc.
The winter lighting system is designed to provide illumination of the sight reticle when working with the sight at an ambient temperature below 0°C. WITH.
The light filter in the frame is used to work with the sight in cloudy weather.
The wrench is used to screw in and unscrew the reticle illumination lamp.
The cloth is used for cleaning optical parts. The power supply, lamps and cap are designed to replace failed ones.

1.8. Container and packaging
1.8.1. The consumer receives sniper rifles in wooden boxes painted in a protective color. Six sniper rifles with all accessories are placed in each box and secured with special inserts.
1.8.2. The box consists of two compartments separated by a wooden partition. The bottom, as well as all the walls of the box, are lined with paraffin paper. Before capping, the bottom and walls of the large compartment of the box are additionally lined with inhibited paper. The small compartment of the box is not lined with inhibited paper, and the optical sights and belts for carrying small arms sealed in this compartment are wrapped only with paraffin paper.

2. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE

2.1. General instructions
The sniper rifle and optical sight must be kept in perfect working order and ready for action. This is achieved by timely and skillful cleaning and lubrication, careful attitude, proper storage, timely technical inspections and elimination of detected faults.

2.2. Safety Instructions
2.2.1. Training in disassembling and assembling a rifle should be carried out only on training rifles. Training on combat rifles is permitted only in exceptional cases, with special care in handling parts and mechanisms.
2.2.2. Before preparing the rifle for shooting, and before cleaning and lubricating, make sure that it is not loaded.
During all training activities with a loaded rifle, do not point it at people or in the direction where people and pets may be.

Shoot in a closed shooting range only if there is a supply and exhaust ventilation, since the powder gases emitted during firing are toxic. At the end of the shooting, be sure to unload the rifle and put it on the safety.
2.3. Preparing a sniper rifle and an optical sight for shooting
2.3.1. Preparing the rifle and the scope for firing is designed to ensure that they work smoothly while firing. Preparation of a rifle and a sight for shooting is carried out in the following order:
a) clean the rifle;
b) inspect the disassembled rifle and lubricate it;
c) inspect the assembled rifle and scope;
d) check the correct interaction of parts and mechanisms of the rifle;
e) check the serviceability of the lighting system and grid illumination;
f) check the operation of the aiming angles and lateral adjustments of the sight;
g) check the screen on and off;
h) charge the screen of the sight.

Immediately before shooting, wipe dry the bore (rifled part and chamber), inspect the cartridges and equip the magazine with them.

To charge the sight screen, rotate the screen switch knob to the position along the sight, place the sight so that the entire surface of the filter is illuminated by a light source containing ultraviolet rays.

Full charge time: in daylight diffused light - 15 minutes, when illuminated by direct sunlight and when irradiated with an electric lamp with a power of 100 ... 200 W at a distance of 20 cm - 7-10 minutes. Charging the screen beyond the specified time does not increase its sensitivity. A charged screen retains the ability to capture infrared rays for 6 ... 7 days, after which it must be charged again. Charging ensures the operation of the sight for 3 days (when working 8 hours a day).

2. 4. Bringing the rifle to normal combat and the procedure for working with an optical sight
2.4.1. The sniper rifle in the unit must be brought into normal combat. The need to bring the rifle into normal combat is established by a combat check.
Rifle combat is checked:
a) upon receipt of a rifle in the unit;
b) after repairing the rifle and replacing parts that could change its action;
c) upon detection during firing of deviations of the midpoint of impact (STP) or dispersion of bullets that do not meet the requirements of normal rifle combat.
In a combat situation, a check of the combat of a rifle is carried out periodically at every opportunity.

2.4.2. To test the fight, fire four shots, carefully and uniformly aiming through the open sight. Shoot at a black rectangle measuring 20 cm in width and 30 cm in height, mounted on a white shield 0.5 m wide and 1 m high. The aiming point is the middle of the lower edge of the black rectangle. On a plumb line at a distance of 16 cm above the aiming point, mark with chalk or colored pencil the normal position of the midpoint of impact when firing with an open sight. This point is the control point (CT).

Firing range 100 m, sight 3. Position for firing "lying from the stop". To check the battle of a rifle and bring it to normal combat, cartridges with an ordinary bullet with a steel core are used. Shoot without a bayonet-knife.
At the end of the shooting, inspect the target and the location of the holes, determine the accuracy of the battle and the position of the midpoint of impact.

The accuracy of a rifle battle is considered normal if all four holes fit into a circle with a diameter of 8 cm.
If the accuracy of the location of the holes does not meet this requirement, repeat the shooting. In case of repeated unsatisfactory shooting results, send the rifle to a repair shop.

If the grouping of the battle is normal, determine the mid-point of impact and its position relative to the control point. The definition of the midpoint of impact is shown in fig. eleven.

Rice. 11. Determination of the midpoint of impact:
1 - sequential division of segments; 2 - with a symmetrical arrangement of holes.

A rifle fight is considered normal if the average point of impact coincides with the control point or deviates from it in any direction by no more than 5 cm.

2.4.3. If, when checking the battle, the middle point of impact deviated from the control point in any direction by more than 5 cm, then change the position of the front sight in height or the body of the front sight in lateral position. If the STP is below CT, then screw in the front sight, if it is higher, unscrew it. If the STP is to the left of the CT, move the body of the front sight to the left, if to the right - to the right.
When moving the body of the front sight to the side by 1 mm, when screwing in (unscrewing) the front sight for one full turn, the STP shifts by 16 cm when shooting at 100 m.

Check the correctness of the movement of the body of the front sight and the front sight by repeated shooting. After bringing the rifle to normal combat, drive in the old risk on the body of the front sight, and apply a new one instead.
2.4.4. To bring the rifle into normal combat with a telescopic sight, attach a scope to the rifle and put the cheek on the stock. Turn the handwheels to set the aiming angles handwheel to 3 divisions, and the lateral corrections handwheel to 0 division.

Shoot with an optical sight under the same conditions as when checking the battle of a rifle with an open sight, only mark the control point at a height of 14 cm from the aiming point. If, as a result of shooting, all four holes fit into a circle with a diameter of 8 cm, but the STP deviated from the CT by more than 3 cm, determine the deviation of the STP and make the appropriate corrections in setting the nuts on the aiming angle and lateral corrections handwheels. Moving the nuts by one division relative to the scale on the handwheel belt when firing at 100 m changes the position of the STP by 5 cm. them to the required size and tighten the screws.

After making adjustments to the settings of the handwheels, fire again. If, during repeated firing, all four holes fit into a circle with a diameter of 8 cm, and the STP coincided with the CT or deviated from it in any direction by no more than 3 cm, then the rifle is considered to be brought to normal combat. Upon completion of bringing the rifle to normal combat, enter the position of the STP in the form.

2.4.5. Determining the range to the target is carried out in the following sequence:
- align the target image with the reticle rangefinder scale so that the base of the target is on horizontal line rangefinder scale, and the upper point of the target touched without a gap the upper (dotted) line of the scale;
- take a reading on the rangefinder scale at the point of contact with the target;
- the number indicating the point of contact will determine the distance to the target (in Fig. 12, the distance to the target is 400 m).

Rice. 12. Rangefinder scale

2.4.6. For shooting at dusk and at night, turn the micro-tumbler handle to the -ON- position. In this case, set aiming angles and lateral corrections by counting the clicks of the latch from the zero position. At the same time, remember that the fixation of the aiming angle handwheel from 0 to 3 occurs through an integer division, i.e. after 100 m, and then until setting 10 every half division, i.e. after 50 m. through 0-00, 5.

2.4.7. When working with a winter lighting system, the body with section 2РЦ63 must be stored in a warm place (in the pocket of a tunic or sniper's overcoat).

2.5. Checking the technical condition, typical malfunctions and methods for their elimination
2.5.1. To check the serviceability of the rifle, as well as to determine its suitability for further use, carry out periodic inspections of the rifle.

When inspecting, make sure that all parts of the rifle are present and check that there are no rust, dirt, dents, scratches, nicks, chips or other damage on the outer parts that could cause malfunction of the rifle and optical sight mechanisms; in addition, check the condition of the lubricant on the parts visible without disassembling the rifle, the presence of magazines, a bayonet, accessories, a cover for an optical sight, a bag for a sight and magazines and a bag for spare parts; make sure that there are no foreign objects in the bore; check the correct operation of parts and mechanisms.

When checking the correct operation of parts and mechanisms, remove the safety lock, pull the frame by the handle back to failure and release it; the frame should stop in the rear position by stopping the shutter. Separate the store, pull the frame back by the handle a little and release it; the frame should vigorously return to the forward position.

Put the rifle on the safety and pull the trigger; the trigger should not fully retract, and the hammer should remain cocked. Remove the safety from the rifle and pull the trigger: a click should be heard - an energetic blow of the hammer on the firing pin. Put the rifle on the safety again and attach the magazine; the frame should not move back; fuse must be securely held in position.

Check the supply of cartridges to the chamber; extraction and reflection of shells (cartridges); equip the magazine with training cartridges, attach it to the rifle and, without pressing the magazine latch, try to separate the magazine with your hand; the magazine should freely enter the receiver window and be securely held by the magazine latch. Reload the rifle several times, while training cartridges should be sent without delay from the magazine to the chamber and vigorously thrown out of the receiver out.

When checking the serviceability of an optical sight, make sure that the eyepiece and objective lenses are intact, check the smoothness of rotation of the handwheels and their fixation in the installed position, if there is any pitching of the handwheels, if there is any pitching of the sight and whether it is securely fixed with a clamping screw on the rifle; check the correctness of the grid lighting; why put a cap on the lens, turn on the toggle switch and look into the eyepiece (with a working device, the grid is clearly visible, if the grid is not visible, replace the battery or light bulb).

If the scope wobbles or the knob does not fit into the cutout on the bracket when the scope is firmly attached to the rifle, adjust the clamping screw. To do this, separate the sight from the rifle, press the slider against the handle (compress the spring) and screw or unscrew the adjusting nut of the clamping screw.

Check your ammo before firing. Check them on inspection. whether there are rust and bruises on the cases, whether the bullet staggers in the muzzle of the case, whether there is a green coating and cracks on the primer, whether the primer protrudes above the surface of the bottom of the case, whether there are training cartridges among the combat cartridges. Return all defective cartridges to the warehouse.

2.5.2. Troubleshoot rifle, optical sight, magazines and accessories immediately. If the malfunctions cannot be eliminated in the unit, send the rifle (optical sight, magazines, accessories) to a repair shop.

2.5.3. Parts and mechanisms of a sniper rifle with proper handling and proper care of the rifle long time work reliably and trouble-free. However, as a result of contamination of the mechanisms, wear of parts and careless handling of the rifle, as well as malfunctioning cartridges, delays in firing can occur.
Eliminate the delay that occurred during shooting by reloading, for which quickly pull the frame back by the handle, release it and continue shooting. If the delay persists, find the cause of the delay and correct the delay as shown in Table 2.

table 2

Name of the malfunction, external manifestation and additional signs	Probable Cause	Elimination method
Cartridge failure, bolt in the forward position, but no shot was fired - there is no cartridge in the chamber	1. Contamination or malfunction of the magazine 2. Malfunction of the magazine latch	If the delay repeats, replace the magazine If the magazine latch is faulty, send the rifle to a repair shop
Sticking a cartridge. The bullet bullet hit the breech section of the barrel, the moving parts stopped in the middle position	The curvature of the bends of the side walls of the store	While holding the frame handle, remove the stuck cartridge and continue shooting. If the delay repeats, replace the magazine
Misfire. The bolt is in the forward position, the cartridge is in the chamber, the trigger is pulled - the shot did not occur	1. Chuck failure 2. Malfunction of the drummer or trigger mechanism; grease contamination or hardening	Reload your rifle and keep shooting When repeating the delay, inspect and clean the firing pin and firing mechanism; if they break or wear out, send the rifle to a repair shop
Non-removal of the sleeve. The cartridge case is in the chamber, the next cartridge was buried in it with a bullet, the moving parts stopped in the middle position	1. Dirty cartridge or dirty chamber 2. Contamination or malfunction of the ejector or its spring	Pull the frame back by the handle and, holding it in the rear position, separate the magazine and remove the stuck cartridge. Remove the cartridge case from the chamber with a bolt or ramrod Keep shooting. When repeating the delay, clean the chamber. Inspect and clean the ejector from dirt and continue shooting
Sticking or non-reflection of the sleeve. The sleeve was not ejected from the receiver, but remained in it in front of the bolt or sent back to the chamber by the bolt	1. Contamination of rubbing parts, gas paths or chamber 2. Contamination or malfunction of the ejector Pull the frame back by the handle, eject the cartridge case and continue shooting. When repeating the delay, clean the gas paths, rubbing parts and the chamber	If the ejector malfunctions, send the rifle to a repair shop

2.6. Disassembly and assembly of the rifle
2.6.1. Disassembly of a sniper rifle can be incomplete and complete: incomplete - for cleaning, lubricating and inspecting the rifle; full - for cleaning when the rifle is very dirty, after being in the rain or in the snow, when switching to a new lubricant and during repairs. Frequent disassembly of the rifle is not allowed, as this accelerates the wear of parts and mechanisms.
When disassembling and assembling the rifle, do not use excessive force and sharp blows.
When assembling. rifle, compare the numbers on its parts with the number on the receiver.

2.6.2. The order of incomplete disassembly of a sniper rifle:
a) separate the store. Taking the magazine with your hand, press the magazine latch and, while feeding the bottom of the magazine forward, separate it. After that, check if there is a cartridge in the chamber, for which lower the fuse down, pull the frame back by the handle, inspect the chamber and lower the handle;
b) separate the optical sight. Raising the handle of the clamping screw, turn it towards the eyecup until it stops, move the sight back and separate it from the receiver;
c) separate the cheek. Turning the cheek lock latch down, remove the loop from the clip hook and separate the cheek;
d) separate the cover of the receiver with a return mechanism. Turning the pin of the cover back until it is placed on the screw-limiter of the checks, lift up the back of the cover and separate the cover with the return mechanism;
e) separate the frame with the shutter. Pulling the frame with the bolt back to failure, lift it and separate it from the receiver;
f) separate the shutter from the frame. Pulling the shutter back, turn it so that the leading ledge of the shutter comes out of the figured groove of the frame, and then move the shutter forward;
g) separate the trigger mechanism. Turning the shield up to a vertical position, slide it to the right and separate it from the receiver; holding the bracket, move down to separate the firing mechanism;
h) separate the barrel linings. Having pressed the pin of the ring to the gas pipe until the bend of the pen of the pin comes out of the cutout of the upper ring, turn the contactor clockwise until it stops; slide the top ring towards the muzzle; pressing the pad down and moving it to the side, separate it from the trunk;
i) separate the gas piston and pusher with spring. Pulling the pusher back, remove its front end from the gas piston hole; separate the gas piston from the gas tube; inserting the front end of the pusher into the gas tube, press the pusher spring until it exits the aiming block channel, and then separate the pusher from the spring; separate the pusher spring from the pusher.

2.6.3. The order of assembly of a sniper rifle after incomplete disassembly:
a) attach the gas piston and pusher with spring. Putting the pusher spring on the rear end of the pusher, insert the front end of the pusher into the gas pipe; having pressed the spring, insert the rear end of the pusher together with the spring into the channel of the aiming block; take the pusher back and bring its front end out of the gas tube to the side; insert the gas piston into the gas tube, and the front end of the pusher into the piston hole;
b) attach the barrel lining. After inserting the rear end of the right (left) lining into the lower ring, press the lining down and fix it on the protrusions of the support ring; slide the upper ring onto the tips of the overlays and turn the pin of the ring towards the gas pipe until the bend of the pin enters the cutout on the ring;
c) attach the firing mechanism. Having wound the cutouts of the firing mechanism body behind the stop pin, press the firing mechanism against the receiver; insert the axis of the shield into the hole in the receiver, and then turn the shield clockwise until the protrusion on the shield enters the lower recess of the receiver;
d) attach the shutter to the frame. After inserting the shutter into the frame hole, turn the shutter so that its leading ledge enters the figured groove of the frame; move the shutter forward to failure;
e) attach the frame with the shutter. Insert the frame guides into the receiver cutouts and slide the frame forward;
f) attach the cover with the return mechanism. After inserting the return spring into the frame hole, insert the protrusions on the front end of the cover into the cutouts of the lower ring, press the rear end of the cover until it fits completely to the receiver; turn the pin of the cover forward until it is placed on the pin limiter;
g) attach the cheek. Putting the cheek on the butt with the lock to the right, put the loop on the hook of the clip and turn the latch up;
h) attach the optical sight. Aligning the grooves on the scope bracket with the protrusions on the left wall of the receiver, move the scope forward to failure and turn the clamping screw handle towards the lens until its bend enters the cutout on the bracket;
i) attach the store. After entering the front magazine hook into the receiver window, turn the magazine towards you so that the latch jumps over the rear magazine hook.

2.6.4. The order of complete disassembly of the sniper rifle:
a) perform incomplete disassembly, guided by paragraph 2. 6. 2;
b) dismantle the store. Having sunk the ledge of the striker into the hole on the magazine cover, slide the cover forward; while holding the striker plate, remove the cover from the housing; gradually releasing the spring, remove it together with the striker plate from the magazine housing; separate the feeder;
c) disassemble the return mechanism. Remove the front return spring from the guide sleeve; compress the rear return spring and, holding on to the guide rod, move it down and out of the earring hole; separate the rear return spring and guide rod from the guide bush;
d) disassemble the shutter. Pushing out the striker pin with a punch, remove the striker from the bolt hole; remove the ejector with the spring in the same way;
e) disassemble the trigger mechanism (Fig. 13). Press the self-timer lever and disconnect the self-timer sear from the trigger, holding the trigger, pull the trigger and slowly release the trigger from the cocking; remove the ends of the trigger spring from under the bends of the trigger housing; using a screwdriver, align the protrusions of the axes of the trigger, sear and self-timer with the cutouts for them on the right wall of the trigger housing: pushing the axes of the trigger, sear and self-timer, separate these parts; pushing the axis of the trigger, separate the trigger with the mainspring, and then remove the mainspring;
f) separate the gas tube with the gas regulator. Having turned the regulator until the cutout on its front end is aligned with the gas tube latch, press the latch and, using the key case, unscrew the gas tube and remove the regulator from it.

2.6.5. The order of assembly of a sniper rifle after complete disassembly:
a) Connect the gas pipe with the gas regulator. Putting the regulator on the gas tube, press the latch of the gas tube and screw the gas tube with a key case until the cutout on the end of the tube matches the latch; sinking the latch into the cutout of the tube, set the regulator to the required division;
b) assemble the trigger mechanism. Insert the trigger with its spring into the housing, insert the axle, align its protrusion with the cutout on the right side of the housing and turn the axle with a screwdriver. Slide the mainspring onto the trigger trunnions and insert the hammer into the body.
Insert the sear into the body so that its tail goes behind the loop of the long end of the mainspring; insert axle; by aligning its protrusion with the cutout on the right side of the case and turn the axis with a screwdriver. Insert the self-timer into the body so that its tail goes over the loop of the short end of the mainspring; insert the axis, aligning its protrusion with the cutout on the right wall of the case and turn the axis with a screwdriver; insert the trigger axis and slide the ends of the trigger spring onto the bends of the body;
c) assemble the shutter. After inserting the ejector with the spring into the bolt seat, press the ejector and insert the ejector axis, inserting the drummer into the bolt hole, from the side of the leading protrusion, insert the drummer pin into the bolt hole and push it to the end;

Rice. 13. Trigger mechanism:
1- trigger housing 6V1. Sat. 4-1; 2-axis sear, hook and self-timer 6B1. 4-10; 3- trigger with 6V1 pull. Sat. 4-4; 4- hook spring 6V1.4-13; 5- whispered 6V1.4-9V; 6- self-timer 6V1 4-23; 7- trigger 6V1.4-6; 8- combat spring 6V1.4-7; 9- axis of the trigger 6V1.4-8; 10 - magazine latch axis 6V1.4-16; 11- store latch 6V1.4-15; 12- magazine latch spring 6V1. 4-22.

d) assemble the return mechanism. After inserting the guide rod into the guide bush from the side of the large-diameter hole (flats forward), put the return spring on the guide bush from the side of the rod and compress it so that the end of the guide rod with the flats comes out from under the spring; holding the guide rod in this position, insert it together with the spring and the bushing into the lower hole of the earring, and then slide the rod along the edges of the flats into the upper hole; release the spring - its end should enter the cup of the earring. Put the second return spring on the guide sleeve;
e) collect the store. After inserting the feeder and the spring into the magazine body, compress the spring until the strike plate enters the body and, holding it in this position, put the magazine cover on the body so that the strike plate protrusion jumps into the opening of the cover;
f) perform further assembly, guided by p, 2. 6. 3.

2.7. Cleaning and lubrication
2.7.1. The rifle is cleaned:
in preparation for shooting;
after firing with live and blank cartridges - immediately after the end of firing;
after the outfit and classes in the field without shooting - upon returning from the outfit or classes;
in a combat situation and during long-term exercises - daily during periods of calm in combat and during breaks in exercises;
if the rifle was not used - at least once a week.

2.7.2. Lubricate the rifle after cleaning. Apply lubricant only to a well-cleaned and dry metal surface immediately after cleaning to prevent moisture from affecting the metal.

2.7.3. For cleaning and lubricating a rifle, the following are used:
liquid gun lubricant - for cleaning the rifle and lubricating its parts and mechanisms at air temperatures from plus 50 to minus 50 degrees C;
gun grease - for lubricating the bore, parts and mechanisms of the rifle after cleaning them; this lubricant is used at air temperatures above plus 5 degrees C;
RFS solution - for cleaning the bore and other parts of the rifle exposed to powder gases.

Note. RFS solution is prepared in the subdivision in the following composition:
drinking water - 1l;
ammonium carbonate - 200 g;
potassium dichromate (chromic peak) - 3-5 g.

The solution is prepared in the amount necessary for cleaning weapons within one day. A small amount of RFS solution may be stored for no more than 7 days in glass vessels sealed with a stopper, in a dark place and away from heating devices.

It is forbidden to pour RFS solution into oilers!
rags or paper KV-22 - for wiping, cleaning and lubricating the rifle;
tow, cleared of fire, - only for cleaning the bore.

2.7.4. Clean the rifle in the following order:
a) prepare materials for cleaning and lubrication;
b) disassemble the rifle;
c) prepare the accessory for use in cleaning;
d) clean the bore.

To clean the bore with a liquid gun lubricant, put a tow on the end of the wipe and lay the fibers of the tow along the wipe rod; pour some liquid gun grease on the tow. Insert the ramrod with wiping and tow into the bore and fasten the canister cover to the flame arrester. While holding the rifle, smoothly move the wipe with tow along the entire length of the bore several times. Remove the ramrod, change the tow, saturate it with liquid gun grease and clean the bore several times in the same order. After that, carefully wipe the bore with a clean, dry tow, and then with a clean rag.

Clean the bore with RFS solution with a brush soaked in the solution; then wipe the barrel bore with tow. Continue cleaning with RFS solution until carbon deposits are completely removed. After cleaning the threaded part of the barrel bore, clean the chamber in the same order; dry the gas chamber and gas pipe after cleaning; wipe again with a rag and inspect the barrel bore so that there are no shreds of tow, rags or other foreign objects left in it;
f) clean the receiver, bolt carrier, bolt and gas piston with a rag soaked in liquid gun grease or RFS solution, then wipe dry;
g) wipe other metal parts dry with a rag;
h) wipe the wooden parts with a dry rag.

2.7.5. Lubricate the rifle in the following order:
a) lubricate the bore with a wipe and a rag soaked in grease; lubricate the chamber;
b) lubricate all other metal parts and mechanisms of the rifle with an oiled rag;
c) apply a thin layer of lubricant, as excessive lubricant contributes to the contamination of parts and can cause delays in firing;
d) do not oil the wooden parts.

2.7.6. Assemble the rifle and check the operation of its parts and mechanisms.

2.7.7. Wipe the outside of the scope with a clean cloth. Remove the cap of the grid light and wipe the battery, housing and cap. If the surface of the objective lenses and eyepiece is dirty, wipe them with a tissue. Lenses and glasses are not allowed to be wiped with a rag that was used to wipe other parts of the sight, to be lubricated and touched with fingers.

It is forbidden to open the scope!
2.8. Rules for storage and transportation
2.8.1. The rifle must always be stored unloaded, with the optical sight and magazine separated, the bayonet-knife removed, the trigger lowered, the safety guard on, the sight clamp set to -P-.

2.8.2. In the barracks and camp position, the rifle is stored in a pyramid, in a special compartment of the same pyramid, an optical sight in a case, magazines, a bag for the sight and magazines, a bayonet-knife in a sheath, a bag for spare parts, a belt for carrying small arms and accessories are stored. The scope and magazine bag, holster and sling should be kept clean and dry.

2.8.3. When temporarily located in a building, the rifle is stored in a dry place away from doors, stoves and heating appliances. In a combat situation, keep a rifle with you, in your hands.

2.8.4. When moving to class and on a hike, the rifle is carried on a belt. The sling must be adjusted so that the rifle does not hit hard pieces of equipment. The rifle is carried with the magazine attached. The rest of the magazines are in the bag.

2.8.5. When moving in cars or armored personnel carriers, hold the rifle vertically between the knees. When moving on tanks, keep the rifle in your hands, protecting it from hitting the armor.

2.8.6. When transported by railways or waterways, the rifle is mounted in a special pyramid. If the wagon or watercraft is not equipped with pyramids, the rifle can be held in the hands or placed on a shelf so that it cannot fall or be damaged.

2.8.7. To prevent swelling or rupture of the barrel, it is forbidden to plug the barrel bore with anything.

2.8.8. Protect the optical sight from falling, sharp blows and shocks, from penetration of moisture and dust into the optical part; store the sight in a case in a dry, heated room; if the sight is on the rifle and the shooting is not carried out, put a cover on the sight. Wipe the wet sight thoroughly with a dry cloth, dry the covers. It is forbidden to keep the sight near stoves and fires.

The Dragunov sniper rifle (caliber 7.62 mm) has been in service since 1963, and there are no plans to replace it with something else yet. Despite the fact that the SVD is already obsolete, it still does an excellent job with its main tasks. However, talk that this rifle should be changed to a new shooting system is heard more and more often.

The Dragunov rifle in terms of prevalence in the world is the second after the clones of the M24 rifles of the American army. The SVD is called legendary - and for good reason, because it is recognized "on the move": a unique profile, a characteristic sound of a shot and excellent technical characteristics. The legends about the penetrating power and accuracy of the rifle are generally innumerable. This rifle has a unique and interesting fate.

History of SVD

The biography of this rifle starts in the 1950s. It was then that the mass rearmament of the Soviet army took place. The development of a new sniper rifle was entrusted to Evgeny Dragunov, a well-known creator of sporting firearms.

During the design of the sniper rifle, the Dragunov design team encountered a lot of difficulties, mostly related to the gaps between the various parts of the rifle. It was necessary to ensure optimal density in order to achieve high accuracy of fire. But large gaps also provide good resistance to dirt and other influences. As a result, the designers came to a reasonable compromise.

The design of the rifle ended in 1962. Dragunov competed in this work with A. Konstantinov, who developed his own sniper rifle. They started at the same time and finished almost at the same time. Both models were subjected to various tests, but the victory was won by the Dragunov weapon, which surpassed the Konstantinov rifle in both accuracy and accuracy. In 1963, the SVD was adopted.

The tasks that were assigned to the sniper rifle were quite specific. This is the destruction of sedentary, moving and stationary targets, which may be in unarmored vehicles or partially hidden behind shelters. The self-loading design significantly increased the combat rate of fire of the weapon.

SVD firing accuracy

The Dragunov sniper rifle has excellent technical characteristics, including very high accuracy for this type of weapon. For the most accurate combat, the optimal barrel rifling pitch is 320 mm. Until the 1970s, the rifle was produced with just such trunks. With the 7N1 sniper cartridge, the accuracy of the battle was 1.04 MOA. This is better than many repeating rifles (a self-loading rifle, all other things being equal, shoots somewhat less accurately than a non-self-loading one). For example, the M24 repeating sniper rifle, adopted by the United States, shows an accuracy of 1.18 MOA when using a sniper cartridge.

But with a cutting step of 320 mm, it is almost impossible to use cartridges with armor-piercing incendiary bullets - in flight they began to tumble and went past the target. In the 1970s, the rifle was given greater versatility by reducing the rifling pitch to 240 mm. After that, the rifle was able to shoot any type of ammunition, but the accuracy characteristics decreased:

• up to 1.24 MOA - firing cartridge 7N1;
• up to 2.21 MOA - when firing with an LPS cartridge.

The Dragunov sniper rifle with a sniper cartridge can hit the following targets with the first shot:

• chest figure - 500 m;
• head - 300 m;
• waist figure - 600 m;
• running figure - 800 m.

The PSO-1 sight is designed for shooting up to 1200 meters, but at such a range you can only fire harassing fire or shoot effectively only at a group target.

TTX rifles

• Caliber SVD - 7.62 mm
• Muzzle velocity - 830 m / s
• Weapon length - 1225 mm
• Rate of fire - 30 shots / min
• The supply of ammunition provides a box magazine (10 rounds)
• Cartridge - 7.62 × 54 mm
• Weight with optical sight and loaded - 4.55 kg
• Barrel length - 620 mm
• Rifling - 4, right direction
• Sighting range - 1300 m
• Effective range - 1300 m.

Design features

SVD is a self-loading rifle. Its automation works on the principle of removing powder gases from the barrel of a weapon when fired with the channel locked by 3 lugs by turning the bolt.

The weapon receives ammunition from a detachable box magazine that holds 10 rounds of 7.62x54R.

Shooting from SVD can be carried out:

1. rifle cartridges with ordinary, tracer, as well as armor-piercing incendiary bullets;
2. sniper cartridges (7N1, 7N14);
3. cartridges with expansive bullets of the JSP and JHP brands.

Quite often, the design of the SVD is compared with the design of the AKM, but despite the presence of similar elements, the Degtyarev rifle has characteristic features:

• the gas piston is not rigidly connected to the bolt carrier, which reduces the total weight of the moving parts of the rifle during firing;
• the barrel bore is locked on three lugs (one of them is a rammer) while the bolt is turning;
• the trigger mechanism of the SVD trigger type is assembled in one housing;
• the safety of the rifle is controlled on the right side of the rifle by a fairly large lever. The fuse blocks the trigger in the on position, including restricting the movement of the bolt frame back, which provides protection during transportation from external contaminants;
• The rifle's flash hider also functions as a muzzle brake-recoil compensator. The flame arrester has five slots;
• the butt and handguard of the weapon were made of plastic (previously made of wood);
• an unregulated cheek rest is attached to the butt.

Sights

Especially for the SVD rifle in 1963, the PSO-1 sniper optical sight was developed. This is the main optical sight of the Soviet, as well as Russian sniper weapons.

The design feature of the sight is a rather successful reticle, which allows the sniper to determine the distance, as well as to take the necessary horizontal corrections in the course of firing, without rotating the flywheels. This ensures fast aiming and shooting.

The sight is airtight, it is filled with nitrogen, which eliminates fogging of the optics during temperature changes. It comes with a carrying bag, filters, carrying case, power adapter, power supply and spare bulbs.

PSO-1 is designed to fire at well-camouflaged and small targets. Mounted on a dovetail mount. The illumination of the reticle makes it possible to aim at dusk. It is possible to enter aiming angles based on the distance to the target, including lateral corrections (target movement, wind). PSO-1 is designed for firing up to 1300 meters.

In addition to the optical sight, night sights can be mounted on the rifle. When the optical sight fails, the shooter can perform the task with the help of standard sights, consisting of an adjustable rear sight and a front sight in the front sight.

SIDS modification

In 1991, Izhevsk designers created a modernization of the SVD with a folding stock. SIDS, unlike SVD, has:

1. improved flame arrester and gas outlet assembly;
2. shorter trunk;
3. modified optical sight PSO-1M2.

SVD turned out to be not always convenient when landing troops and when transporting in equipment due to its large length. As a result, a more compact version of the rifle was developed, which did not lose the main combat qualities of its predecessor. This task was entrusted to a team led by A. I. Nesterov. As a result, the SVDS butt began to fold onto the right side of the receiver. When folding the butt, there is no need to remove the optical (or night) sight. The SVDS rifle is equipped with optical (PSO-1M2) and standard open sights.

Video about the Dragunov rifle

SVDK modification

In 2006, the army adopted a large-caliber sniper rifle created bybased on SVDunder 9 mm cartridge. The weapon was designed specifically to defeat the enemy, who is behind an obstacle, has protective equipment (body armor), as well as to destroy light equipment.

According to the device, the SVDK rifle is a further development of the SVD, however, its main components have been modernized and designed for the use of a more powerful cartridge:

1. part of the rifle barrel was placed in a special casing;
2. the folding metal butt and pistol grip were borrowed from the SVDS sniper rifle, but at the same time, the area of ​​​​the rubber butt plate was noticeably increased due to stronger recoil during firing.

The SVDK rifle, unlike the SVD, does not provide for the possibility of attaching a bayonet. For better stability when firing a powerful 9-mm cartridge, the weapon is equipped with a bipod. SVDK, like the SVD rifle, in addition to the special 1P70 Hyperon optical sight, also has an open sight.

Dragunov rifle in action

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Of course, no one will argue that military production remakes are completely unsuitable by their very concept as hunting weapons, and what was created in targeted projects is always better. However, like AKM-oid carbines such as Saiga, Vepr and others, the Tiger is mostly a tribute to the army draft past of every Russian hunter, the mentality of the nation, and the current lack of its own sane hunting weapons production in Russia in this class.

But it is the simplicity and reliability of our carbines, their ultimate design refinement, that primarily attract the domestic hunter. Excessive complexity of imported weapons in Once again makes us remember the axiom of weapons designers - the most difficult thing is to create a simple, and therefore reliable and most technologically advanced system. And since two unique technologies are used in the production of SVD, this makes itself felt for any purpose of this weapon. The only question is why do you need it.

The history of the creation of the hunting carbine Tiger

Evgeny Dragunov's self-loading sniper rifle replaced the outdated three-line sniper rifle back in 1963. The need for such weapons has long been recognized. And in 1958, the GRAU of the General Staff of the SA announced a competition for the creation of a self-loading sniper rifle for the Soviet Army, formulating difficult-to-match requirements in the terms of reference.

The requirements of the military were tough and consisted of the following: the rifle must be chambered for a regular three-line cartridge, self-loading, not inferior in reliability to AKM, have a replaceable box magazine for 10 rounds and correspond in terms of weight and size to a sniper three-line. Keep in mind that the SVD is not a sniper rifle in the full sense; its main purpose is to increase the range of effective fire of a motorized rifle squad up to 600 m and provide the necessary rifle support. The accuracy characteristic of a police or sporting rifle was not initially included in the SVD, and this must be understood when planning to use the Tiger for accurate shooting at maximum distances.

Dragunov was able to successfully combine excellent shooting accuracy, maneuverability and maximum resistance to adverse combat conditions in a new rifle created under his leadership. The production of the rifle was placed at IZHMASH. Before today SVD remains a tool that allows you to solve standard sniper tasks in combined arms combat.

The main part of the automatic rifle is the bolt frame, which perceives the effects of powder gases through a separate gas piston and pusher. Automation parts have a small mass and low energy in extreme positions, which ensures a minimum deviation of the rifle when fired and a quick recovery of aiming. The reloading handle is integral with the bolt carrier. Rifle recoil mechanism with two coil springs. The trigger mechanism allows only single fire. Fuse flag, double action. It simultaneously locks the trigger and limits the rear movement of the bolt carrier. USM is assembled in a separate removable housing and ensures the production of a shot only when the shutter is fully locked. SVD is generally impossible to assemble incorrectly, which is an important factor. When all the cartridges in the magazine are used up, the shutter is delayed.

Hunting carbine TIGER- hunting modification of the famous army rifle Dragunov (SVD). In "Tiger" apply the same inexpensive rifle cartridges, only already equipped with semi-shell bullets, and are marked "7.62x54 R". "Tiger" and "Tiger-1"- a self-loading hunting carbine of 7.62 mm caliber chambered for a hunting cartridge 7.62x53 (7.62x54R) with a semi-shell bullet weighing 13 g. According to the passport, it is intended for hunting medium and large animals.

The Tiger carbine appeared in the late 70s. The prototypes of the carbine were created under the leadership of E.F. Dragunov in 1969. The base model was the famous domestic Dragunov rifle - SVD. It is produced in two modifications "Tiger" and "Tiger-1". In 1996, an export (Americanized) version of the Tiger-1 was also created.

The design of the hunting carbine Tiger

Self-loading carbine "Tiger" is as unpretentious as its parent (SVD), easy to operate and clean. The rate of fire and automation raises no objections. I was very pleased with the opportunity to fire from an open sight without removing the optics.

But during direct operation, not everything turned out to be so rosy:

• army sight PSO-1 - was not adapted for hunting needs;
• orthopedic butt - not very convenient for the hunter;
• the first version of the "Tiger" was made with plastic pads on the forearm, this of course facilitates the design of the carbine, but shooting in the cold threatens to freeze the fingers, and they creak in the cold;
• the absence of a flame arrester as such - it blinds when fired at dusk.

According to the legislation of a number of countries (USA, England, France), it is prohibited to import weapons that have resemblance with combat systems. In the USA, for example, imported long-barreled firearms should not have two of the following signs of combat: a detachable magazine with a capacity of more than 10 rounds, a bayonet attachment point, ventilation holes in the handguards, the front sight should only be open, the digitization of the aiming bar over 5 divisions.Therefore, when in 1996 the issue of lifting restrictions (introduced in 1993) on the export of Russian sports and hunting weapons to the American market was once again raised, a new export version of the Tiger was prepared.

The manufacturers of the carbine took into account the requirements of foreign legislation and numerous complaints from their own consumer, and released another modification of the "Tiger", calling it "Tiger-1".

The carbine has been modified more carefully:

• universal side mounts appeared for most hunting optical sights;
• added a muzzle brake-flash hider, quite significantly reduces the recoil and blindness from the flash;
• changed the butt, added a “pistol grip”, a comb on top for easy aiming;
• expanded the possibility of shifting the front sight when sighting.

The Tiger carbines have modifications for the following cartridges (all modifications can also be produced in a non-self-loading version):

• Tiger Self-loading hunting rifle chambered for 7.62x54R;
• Tiger-308 Self-loading hunting carbine chambered for .308Win (7.62x51);
• Tiger-30-06 Self-loading hunting carbine chambered for 30-06Sprg (7.62x63)
• Tiger-9 Self-loading hunting carbine chambered for 9.3x64.

The characteristics of the used cartridges are given in the table. To ensure safety when shooting, only certified cartridges should be used.

Automatic reloading of the carbine occurs due to the energy of the powder gases discharged from the bore into the gas chamber, and the energy of the return springs. Locking the shutter on three lugs is carried out by turning the shutter around its axis with the longitudinal sliding of the frame. The trigger mechanism of the trigger type ensures the production of single shots and setting the fuse.

The flag type fuse is located on the right side of the receiver. The trigger mechanism is made detachable. The bore and chamber are chrome-plated. The striker is spring loaded.

The stock and handguards are made of wood (walnut, beech, birch) or impact-resistant plastic. Wooden butt with rubber nape.

An open sight consists of an aiming bar and a front sight adjustable in two planes. The range of aimed shooting from an open sight is 300m.

On the left side of the carbine receiver is a unified base for mounting an optical sight. Aimed shooting from an open sight can be carried out without removing the optical sight.

The manufacturing technology of the SVD and "Tigers" barrels is unique and is not used anywhere else. First, the stem blank is deep drilled under high oil pressure. After that, the received channel is subjected to a double sweep. The resulting smooth channel is additionally polished using an electric discharge.

Then comes the most interesting stage in the manufacture of the trunk for the Tiger: electroerosion. The stem blank is placed in a special solution. An instrument with an exact copy of the grooves is inserted inside the canal. Under the influence of an electric discharge, the smooth surface of the bore acquires an exact copy of the geometry of the tool. Figuratively speaking, the "extra" metal is "washed out", forming rifling. Of course, it is difficult to imagine how so much metal can be removed in this way, but this is the uniqueness of the technology.

An almost finished barrel, with already formed rifling, is subjected to turning the outer surface, where it is given the desired geometry. This is followed by heat treatment of the barrel. Then the barrel bore is subjected to an operation unusual for sniper barrels - chrome plating.

Only the lazy did not write about the negative role of the chrome coating, but for an army weapon, a chrome-plated barrel bore makes life much easier for a fighter. Moreover, individual copies of the SVD and Tigers give out "minute" groups without any problems, which is more than enough for a weapon of this class. In any case, despite the accuracy standard of 80 mm per 100 m, the average results of the SVD and the "Tiger" at this distance are 50-60 mm. More than enough for hunting.

The rifle barrel has 4 grooves. The rifling stroke length is 240 or 320 mm. The length of the SVD barrel and the long "Tiger" is 620 mm. "Short" "Tigers" have a 530-mm barrel. The resource of the barrel is declared in 6000 shots.

Modifications of the hunting carbine Tiger

Tiger with a folding butt, Tiger with a hunting butt, Tiger with a plastic butt, Tiger-308, Tiger-9

Tiger Self-loading hunting carbine with an orthopedic butt and hand guards made of wood

Caliber, mm	Applicable cartridge	Magazine capacity	Barrel length, mm	Overall length, mm	Weight, kg

Tiger Spanish. 01 A carbine with a plastic butt according to the “SVD type” with a swivel cheek and plastic lining.

Caliber, mm	Applicable cartridge	Magazine capacity	Barrel length, mm	Overall length, mm	Weight, kg

Tiger Spanish. 02 A carbine with a folding metal stock according to the "SVDS type" with a swivel cheek and plastic or wooden lining.

Caliber, mm	Applicable cartridge	Magazine capacity	Barrel length, mm		Weight, kg

Tiger Spanish. 03 A carbine with a hunting wooden butt and wooden or plastic overlays.

Caliber, mm	Applicable cartridge	Magazine capacity	Barrel length, mm	Overall length, mm	Weight, kg

Tiger isp.05 A carbine made in a design as close as possible to appearance SVD rifles, equipped with a plywood butt with a detachable cheek, plywood handguards with ventilation holes, a gas tube with a regulator, an aiming bar for 1200 m, a front sight base with an extended flame arrester.

Caliber, mm	Applicable cartridge	Magazine capacity	Barrel length, mm	Overall length, mm	Weight, kg

Tiger-308 Self-loading hunting carbine chambered for the popular cartridge .308Win (7.62x51) with an orthopedic butt and handguards made of wood.

Caliber, mm	Applicable cartridge	Magazine capacity	Barrel length, mm	Overall length, mm	Weight, kg
	308 Win(7.62x51)

Tiger-308 isp. 01 A carbine with a stationary hunting butt and wooden overlays.

Caliber, mm	Applicable cartridge	Magazine capacity	Barrel length, mm	Overall length, mm	Weight, kg
	308 Win(7.62x51)

Tiger-308 isp. 02 A carbine with a buttstock with a swivel cheek of the SVD type and plastic overlays.

Caliber, mm	Applicable cartridge	Magazine capacity	Barrel length, mm	Overall length, mm	Weight, kg
	308 Win(7.62x51)

Tiger-308 isp. 03 A carbine with a control handle, with a folding metal butt of the SVDS type with a swivel cheek and plastic lining.

Caliber, mm	Applicable cartridge	Magazine capacity	Barrel length, mm	Overall length / length with folding butt, mm	Weight, kg
	308 Win(7.62x51)

Tiger-30-06 Self-loading hunting carbine chambered for .30-06Sprg (7.62x63) with an orthopedic butt and handguards made of wood.

Caliber, mm	Applicable cartridge	Magazine capacity	Barrel length, mm	Overall length, mm	Weight, kg

Tiger-30-06 version 01 Carbine with a hunting butt and handguards made of wood.

Caliber, mm	Applicable cartridge	Magazine capacity	Barrel length, mm	Overall length, mm	Weight, kg

Tiger-30-06 version 02 A carbine with a plastic buttstock with a swivel cheek of the SVD type and plastic handguards.

Caliber, mm	Applicable cartridge	Magazine capacity	Barrel length, mm	Overall length, mm	Weight, kg

Tiger-9 Self-loading hunting carbine chambered for 9.3x64 with an orthopedic butt and handguards made of wood. Magazine capacity

Barrel length, mm

Overall length, mm

Weight, kg

565 or 620 Caliber, mm

Applicable cartridge

Magazine capacity

Barrel length, mm

Overall length, mm

Weight, kg

Tiger-9Spanish 02 A carbine with a stationary buttstock with a swivel cheek of the SVD type and plastic overlays.

Caliber, mm	Applicable cartridge	Magazine capacity	Barrel length, mm	Overall length, mm	Weight, kg

Carbines of all modifications have various options execution of the main nodes.

Butt design options:

• Orthopedic wooden butt (with a cutout for the thumb);
• Hunting example. When this trigger is made slightly drawn back;
• Plastic buttstock of the ATS type. For the convenience of shooting from an optical sight, there is a swivel cheek;
• Folding on the right side of the tubular metal stock and pistol grip. The buttstock is equipped with a swivel cheek for convenience when shooting from an optical sight. The length of the carbine with the butt folded is reduced by 260 mm.

Execution options for the design of barrel linings:

• Wooden hunting;
• plastic;

Design options for the front sight base:

• With a long cylindrical flash hider;
• With a short conical flash hider;
• No flame arrester.

The mandatory delivery set of carbines includes: ramrod, accessories in a pencil case, oiler. By special order, carbines can be equipped with an optical sight with a bracket, as well as a case and a belt.

Technical characteristics of carbines

	Tiger	Tiger-308	Tiger-9
Caliber, mm	7,62	7,62	9
Applicable cartridge	7.62x54R	.308 Win(7.62x51)	9.3x64
Barrel length, mm*	530	565	565
The total length of the carabiner, mm	1100...1200	1100...1200	1100...1200
Carbine weight with unloaded magazine, kg	3,9	3,95	3,95
Store capacity, pcs. cartridges	5 or 10	10	5

Note.* By special order, carbines can be supplied with an extended (620 mm) barrel.

Characteristics of cartridges

Cartridge designation	Bullet weight, g	Muzzle velocity, m/s	Muzzle energy, J
7.62x54R	13,2	720...780	~3600
.308Win (7.62x51)	9,7...11,7	870...800	~3700
9.3x64	16...19	820...780	~5800