Female names are beautiful modern Mongolian. Mongolian names: list, meaning
MONGOLIAN TRADITIONS
About some Mongolian proper names
The names of the Mongols are interesting and original in their origin and meaning. Their features and origin were repeatedly mentioned in their works by many orientalists, A.M. Pozdneev, Yu.N. Roerich. The Mongolian names reflected the customs, worldview, traditions, way of life, various cultural and historical factors, religious ideas of the Mongolian people.
The personal name has a great and symbolic meaning for the Mongols, which is enhanced by rare use in Everyday life surnames and patronymics (almost more often scientific degrees, military ranks, etc. are used together with a personal name). Mongolian names and names that came through the Mongols are used not only in Mongolia: until the middle of the 20th century, they absolutely prevailed over names of a different origin among Kalmyks, Buryats and Tuvans, partly Altaians and other peoples of South Siberia in Russia, and still prevail in Mongol-populated areas of China, both among the Mongols and among the Buryats, Oirats, and partly Evenks. A number of surnames around the world are derived from Mongolian given names.
Mongolian personal names, due to their specificity, are also rich material for the history of the Mongolian language. For they are able to “preserve” certain linguistic phenomena for a long time, which attracts great attention of researchers.
NAME GROUPS
The role that Christian culture played for the Russians (originated in the Middle East and came to Rus' through Rome and Byzantium), Buddhist culture played for the Mongolian peoples. Buddhism came to the Mongols from India indirectly through Khotan and Tibet. Personal names reflect as proper Mongolian ancient culture, and the cultural and religious influence of Buddhism, primarily its Tibetan tradition.
Origin the Mongols stand out names: actually Mongolian; Mongolian, which is a translation from Tibetan; combined Mongolian-Tibetan and Mongolian-Sanskrit; Tibetan; Indian. A small percentage historically are Chinese, Turkic and Russian names associated with mixed marriages, political courses, etc.
By composition. From the time of late medieval(approximately from the 17th century) names from two significant components, two-syllable (in the old written spelling), or a combination of two-syllable and one-syllable (example: Tsagaan "white" + Dorzh "vajra" = Tsagaandorzh or Dorzhkhuu "vajra + well done") . There are also three-component, and even four-component names [source?].
By social status. The name can say that its bearer is a hunter, a reindeer herder (names associated with wild animals), a simple pastoralist from the wilderness (short, although often Tibetan); a person from a family where the history of Mongolia (names of khans and statesmen) or the teachings of the Buddha (names of teachers of Buddhism, deities, sacred books) are most valued.
By function names can play the role of a talisman, for example, in a family where children often died or a newborn (up to 3 years old) was sick, he was given a name that did not attract evil spirits: Enabish (not this one), Terbish (not that one), etc. For identification in the absence of surnames, all children in the family were often given names that had the same first component: Tumenbaatar, Tumenolziy, Tumendelger.
PERSONAL NAME
Examining Mongolian anthroponyms, one can observe that words denoting a wide variety of objects and concepts can pass into their category. This means that the personal names of the Mongols arose on the basis of the rethinking of common names. The vast majority of Mongolian proper personal names absolutely coincide in structural and phonetic terms with those common words from which proper names were formed. Most often, emotionally saturated words, which are the names of attractive objects, words that serve to designate objects of material and spiritual world person.
The original personal names of the Mongols arose in ancient times. If female names symbolize beauty, majesty, kindness, meekness, then male names mainly express strength, courage, courage and bravery.
BUDDHIST NAMES
Among Buddhist names there are groups of synonymous names: from Skt. vajra originate Ochir (borrowed through the Sogdian and Uighur languages), Bazaar (through Tibetan), Dorzh (Tibetan translation of the word vajra, usually transmitted in Russian as Dorje, Dorje), from ratna (jewel) - Erdene, Radna, Rinchen (Tibetan translation) etc. Each of these options can exist independently, or be one of the components in multicomponent names: Ochirbat (-bat in Mongolian means "strong", it is also found separately: Bat, Batu / Baty), Bazarkhүү (-хүү "well done"), Khanddorzh (the first part in this case is also Tibetan), etc.
Some of the names come from the names and images of the Buddhist sacred canon: Jadamba (Eight thousandth, Sutra of Prajnaparamita in 8000 stanzas), Ganjuur, Danjuur, Altangerel (“golden light”, in honor of the Golden Light Sutra), possibly Badamtsetseg (lotus flower). Last example is indicative of the fact that this is a female name derived from the name of a flower, but the name lotus (Skt. Padma) (and its symbolic meaning) was brought by Buddhism.
The names of the statuses of clergymen can also become names: Bagsha, Khuvrag, Bandi, Khamba, Khutagt
Recently, according to statistics, the Mongols began to increasingly abandon foreign names, including Tibetan. Today, residents are given names with features of national tradition and history.
MONGOLIAN NAMES ASSOCIATED WITH PLANT NAMES
Let's take a closer look at the names associated with the names of plants. These are mostly female names. Wishes for girls - to become beautiful, attractive, tender - form an extensive group of names formed from the names of plants, for example: Sarnay - Rose, Khongorzul - Tulip, Zambaga - Magnolia, Saikhantsetseg - Beautiful flower, Bolortsetseg - Crystal Flower, Munkhnavch - Eternal Leaf, etc.
Female personal names may indicate an attitude to the plant: Urgamal (Plant), Navch, Navchaa, Navchin (Leaf), Delbee (Petal), Navchtsetseg (Leaf-flower), Alimtsetseg (Apple flower), etc.
There are personal names indicating the time of the baby's appearance: Davaatsetseg (Monday-flower), Byam-batsetseg (Saturday-flower). The personal names of Mongolians can also express the situation in which the child was born: Amartsetseg (Calm flower), Uugantsetseg ( first flower).
The names of children can be associated with the mood or wishes of the parents: Bayartsetseg (Flower-joy) Tumentsetseg (ten thousand flowers), Tsetsegzhargal. (Flower of happiness), Goyetsetseg (Beautiful flower). Such names as Munkhtsetseg - Eternal Flower, Enkhtsetseg - Peaceful Flower, express the wishes of long life and health. Wishes of happiness, success in life, well-being are reflected in the following names: Bayantsetseg - Rich flower. Buyannavch - List benefactor, Urantsetseg - Artful flower, Battsetseg - Strong flower.
The desire to see their girls graceful and attractive lies in the names Khongorzul Tulip, Oyuunnavch - Turquoise leaf, Ariun-tsetseg - Sacred flower.
There are personal names that have arisen in connection with the worship of the Sun, Moon, stars, Earth, etc. Narantsetseg - Sun Flower, Odontsetseg - Star Flower, Tuyaatsetseg - Radiant Flower, Gereltsetseg - Light Flower, Baigaltsetseg - Nature - Flower, Khurantsetseg - Rain - flower, etc.
From ancient times, the Mongols attached sacred symbols to various colors. Perhaps in connection with this, personal names denoting colors appeared: Tsagaantsetseg - White Flower, Yagaantsetseg - Pink Flower, Ulaantsetseg - Red Flower, etc. In color symbolism, red acts as a symbol of love, therefore personal name Ulaantsetseg can mean "Favorite Flower". The white color, as you know, among the Mongols is considered to bring happiness and prosperity, which means that Tsagaantsetseg is the "Happy Flower".
And, finally, personal names may indicate the attitude to the material: Erdene-tsetseg - Precious flower, Suvdantsetseg - Pearl flower, Mungunnavch - Silver leaf, Shurentsetseg - Coral flower, etc.
As part of the personal names listed above, the most popular, frequently occurring word is "tsetseg" - a flower. As you can see, this word, which is included in personal names with a complex structure, mainly expresses a positive emotional coloring and an affectionate connotation.
It is appropriate to note here that plant names are extremely rare in male names. For example: Gond - Cumin, Arvay - Barley, Undes - Root.
Among the Mongolian personal names associated with the names of plants, there are names of foreign origin. For example, Sanskrit personal names include Udval (green-leaved catchment area), Badma (Lotus), Chinese - Lyanhua (Lotus), Tibetan - Ninzhbad gar (Swimsuit), Serzhmyadag (Poppy), Zhamyanmyadag (Sosuria), etc.
UNUSUAL NAMES
Unusual names are most often given by the Mongols to children who get sick at a young age - it is believed that this will help the child recover. The most common names are Byaslag - cheese, Tugal - calf, Ongots - plane. Names that are formed from the names of flowers are often abandoned - flowers are not eternal. In order for a person to live happily ever after, they give a long name - for example - Luvsandenzenpilzhinzhigmed. The lama is often consulted for advice.
NAME
The name can be given by a Buddhist priest who checks the horoscope, parents, older relatives, based on the date of birth, good and bad omens, the agricultural season, tribal and family origin, the memory of ancestors, events in the country and abroad, etc.
Names for children are usually given in honor of older relatives, famous lamas, Buddhist deities and saints, sometimes a new name is invented in connection with a specific situation. After the collapse of the Soviet system, the names of the khans of the Mongol Empire gained popularity.
Of particular note is the custom of naming twins. The birth of twin children among the Mongols is interpreted as a positive phenomenon, which is reflected in their indispensable co-naming: if both girls are Badraltsetseg (“Inspiration is a flower), Orgiltsetseg (“Top is a flower”), if a boy and a girl are Unur (Rich) and Unurtsetseg (Rich flower), etc.
Readers, obviously, paid attention to the fact that in personal names there is no grammatical category of gender. In contrast to Russian, Mongolian female and male personal names differ only lexically.
PATRONYMID, SURNAME
Until the beginning of the 20th century, the name of a well-born Mongol consisted of three parts: a family name, a patronymic, a personal name. Under socialism, generic names were banned "to eradicate the feudal heritage", and only patronymics and personal names were used, and it was the latter that was the person's identifier. For example, the name of the cosmonaut Gurragchaa (Zhүgderdemidiin Gүrragchaa) (without fail, first the patronymic, which is a name in the genitive case, then the name) can be abbreviated as Zh. Gүrragchaa, but not Zhүgderdemidiin G.
Since 2000, surnames have come back into use in Mongolia; in part, they represent the former family names, but people do not always take as their surname the family name that their ancestors bore before the revolution; it may be forgotten, it may be absent due to simple origin. The most common among the Mongols is the belonging of the Mongols to the genus Borjigin (Mong. Borzhgon), which is a matter of pride, but as a surname does not give a separate family uniqueness. Many invent surnames according to the type of activity. So, the already mentioned cosmonaut Gurragcha took the surname Sansar (in translation - “space”)
THE MOST COMMON MONGOLIAN NAMES
The most common names are Solongo, Bat-Erdene. Such people often come up with middle names - to make it more convenient.
S. Nyamtsetseg, specialist of the Main Department of Civil Registration: “These are the most common names and the shortest in the country. About 10 names are widely used in Mongolia. For example, 13,395 citizens with the name Bat-Erdene are registered.”
There are also 11,029 Otgonbayars and 10,536 Batbayars registered. The rating of the most popular female names was headed by Altantsetseg and Oyuunchimeg.
Used materials Sh.NARANCHIMEG. Sh.NARANTUYAA.
"News of Mongolia" Ed. Agencies MONTSAME
A correctly chosen name has a strong positive influence on the character, aura and fate of a person. Actively helps to develop, forms positive qualities of character and state, strengthens health, removes various negative programs unconscious. But how do you pick the perfect name?
Despite the fact that there are interpretations in culture of what male names mean, in reality, the influence of the name on each boy is individual.
Sometimes parents try to choose a name before birth, making it difficult for the baby to form. Astrology and numerology of choosing a name have squandered all serious knowledge about the influence of a name on fate through the ages.
Calendars of Christmas time, holy people, without consulting a seeing, perspicacious specialist, do not provide any real help in assessing the influence of names on the fate of a child.
And the lists of ... popular, happy, beautiful, melodious male names completely turn a blind eye to the individuality, energy, soul of the child and turn the selection procedure into an irresponsible game of parents in fashion, selfishness and ignorance.
Beautiful and modern Mongolian names should first of all suit the child, and not the relative external criteria of beauty and fashion. Who don't care about your child's life.
Various characteristics according to statistics - positive features name, negative traits of a name, choosing a profession by name, the impact of a name on business, the impact of a name on health, the psychology of a name can only be considered in the context of a deep analysis of subtle plans (karma), energy structure, tasks for life and the kind of a particular child.
The topic of compatibility of names (and not the characters of people) is an absurdity that turns inside out on interactions different people internal mechanisms of influence of the name on the state of its bearer. And it cancels the entire psyche, the unconscious, energy and behavior of people. Reduces to one false characterization the multidimensionality of human interaction.
The meaning of the name has no literal effect. For example, Ochirbat (strong) does not mean that the young man will be strong, and the bearers of other names will be weak. The name can weaken his health, block his heart center and he will not be able to give and receive love. On the contrary, it will help another boy to solve problems for love or power, it will greatly facilitate life and achieve goals. The third boy may not bring any effect at all, whether there is a name or not. Etc. Moreover, all these children can be born on the same day. And have the same astrological, numerological and other characteristics.
The most popular Mongolian names for boys are also misleading. 95% of boys are called names that do not make life easier. You can only focus on the innate character of the child, spiritual vision and the wisdom of an experienced specialist.
The secret of a male name, as a program of the unconscious, a sound wave, vibration, is revealed by a special bouquet, primarily in a person, and not in the semantic meaning and characteristics of the name. And if this name destroys the child, then there would be no beautiful, melodious with a patronymic, astrological, blissful, it would still be harm, destruction of character, complication of life and aggravation of fate.
Below is a list of Mongolian names. Try to choose a few, the most suitable in your opinion for the child. Then, if you are interested in the effectiveness of the impact of the name on fate, .
List of male Mongolian names in alphabetical order:
Altankhuyag - golden chain mail
Altangerel - golden light
Arvay - barley
Bagabandi - little novice
Badma - lotus
Batar - hero
Baatarzhargal - heroic happiness
Baatachuluun - heroic stone
Basan - Friday, Venus
Basaan - Friday, Venus
Bayar - holiday
Byabma - Saturday, Saturn
Byambasuren - kept by Saturn
Byaslag - cheese
Ganbaatar - steel hero
Ganzorig - willpower of steel
Ganjuur - golden light
Ganhuyag - steel mail
Gond - cumin
Davaa - Monday, Moon
Damdinsuren - guarded by Hayagriva
Danzan - holder of the teachings
Danjuur - golden light
Dzhambul - fortress
Jargal - bliss
Jochi - son of Genghis Khan
Dolgoon - calm, quiet, soft
Dorj - vajra
Delger - wide, plentiful, spacious
Yerden is a jewel
Jadamba - eight thousandth, Prajnaparamita sutra
Zhamyanmyadag - sosuriya (plant)
Jargal - happiness, bliss
Lhagwa - Wednesday, Mercury
Lianhua - lotus
Monkh-Orgil - the eternal peak
Munkh - eternal
Munkhdalai - the eternal sea
Mergen - marksman
Myagmar - Tuesday, Mars
Naran - the sun
Naranbaatar - solar hero
Ninzhbadgar - swimsuit (plant)
Nohoy - dog
Nugai - dog
Nergui - nameless
Yum - Sunday, sunshine
Nyamtso - Sunday
Nyambu - Sunday
Oktay - understanding
Ongots - plane
Ochir - thunder ax
Ochirbat - strong as a vajra
Oyuun - wise
Oyuungerel - the light of wisdom
Purev - Thursday, Jupiter
Purevbaatar is a hero born on Thursday
Sohor - blind
Sukhe-Bator - a hero with an ax
Sergelen - cheerful
Serzhmyadag - poppy
Tarkhan is a craftsman
Tendzin - the holder of the teachings
Tugal - calf
Tumur - iron
Tumurzorig - Iron Determination
Tumurkhuyag - iron armor
Turgen - fast
Thuja - ray
Turbish is not the same
Ulziy - prosperous
Udvar - catchment (plant)
Undes - root
Unur - rich
Hagan is a great ruler
Khaliun - buckwheat
Hulan - wild horse
Hulgana - mouse
Hunbish is not human
Tsagaan - white
Tsogtgerel - light of the flame
Tserendorj - vajra of long life
Tseren - long-lived
Chagatai - child
Chagdarzhav - guarded by four-armed
Genghis Khan - Great Khan
Shona the wolf
Elbegdorj - abundant dorje
Enabish is not this one
Remember! Choosing a name for a child is a huge responsibility. A name can both greatly facilitate a person’s life, and harm.
How to choose the right, strong and suitable name for a child in 2019?
We will analyze your name - find out right now the meaning of the name in the fate of the child! Write to whatsapp, telegram, viber +7926 697 00 47
Name neurosemiotics
Yours, Leonard Boyard
Switch to the value of life
While the child has not yet been born, the parents come up with a name for him. Names Mongolian origin V Lately become popular even among the Russian-speaking population. The mystery of the name carries many meanings. It is believed that the fate of the child largely depends on what name the child received. Therefore, psychologists recommend choosing a name responsibly.
The history of the appearance of Mongolian names
Name formation in Mongolia has always been distinguished by its simplicity, regardless of whether the Mongolian names are boys or girls. Over the past 7th centuries, they have not changed and consist of a personal name that the baby receives from the parents, and a surname that is inherited from the father to the children. In case of problems, the Mongol could change the name, well, and if there were no good reasons he remained with him until his death.
Only by the middle of the 13th century did the literature mention that Mongolian male names were also accompanied by nicknames. For example: Duva-Sohor (Duva translated from the Mongolian language is blind, that is, it turns out blind Sohor). Nicknames were used by commoners, and the highest ranks and nobility added titles to the name. Such personal names as nor and ovog appear in it.
The Mongolian people have a patronymic, but it appears only in documents, and even then not for everyone. Among the people you can hear such an appeal - "Sambu son of Sodnom." The most ancient names include: Baatar (hero), Timur (wise). They can be found in ancient Mongolian legends and writings. In addition, ancient names are returning now. They try to name the newborn, emphasizing the masculinity or strength of the family.
Mongolian names owe much of their origin to the neighborhood of other countries. Very often you can find female Buddhist names, Tibetan names boys, and their meaning will be discussed below.
Origin of names in Mongolia
Buddhist culture played a huge role in the life of the Mongolian people. Religion came to the country from the Indian state, and therefore, in the formation of personal names, not only the Buddhist religion, but also Tibetan traditions were of great importance. According to them, the names are divided depending on:
Scientists involved in the history and mystery of the origin of Mongolian names have found that, among other things, the name can be associated with an ordinary object. Women's names were carriers of beauty, kindness, and men's, in turn, courage and courage.
Mongolian names are popular everywhere - they call children in the USA, China and even Russia. The list of names is huge, so you can really choose exactly what is most appropriate for a newborn baby.
Popular female names
Women in the countries of the East, Buddhist and Tibetan cultures do not occupy a completely privileged place in society. But at the same time, the name that is given to a newborn girl can really be very beautiful. Mongolian female names and their meanings:
Prefix tsegeg most often found in women, because they are the personification of beauty, fidelity and hope.
Particle prefixes to Mongolian names
The older generation among the Mongols is highly respected and therefore it is also interesting how the Mongols address the older generation. They always add a particle of respect: eme - grandmother, egch - older sister.
If a Russian girl marries a Mongolian, then, at first glance, it is not entirely clear: there is no patronymic or surname. Therefore, most often the name of the husband or his patronymic will be taken as the basis for the new surname of the wife.
Any name that is given to the baby at birth should be considered in advance. If a Russian person refers more to the horoscope, the dates of the birth of the Saints, then for the Mongolian people it all depends on to what social class they relate, and from the need to give the child a beautiful name.
Attention, only TODAY!
How to name your child? If a rainbow appeared in the sky on the daughter’s birthday, then the daughter will most likely be called Solongo("solongo" - rainbow). If the son was born on a sunny day, then he will probably be given a name Naran or Naranbaatar("naran" - the sun, "baatar" - the hero).
Born on the night from Sunday to Monday will be called Nyamdavaa or Davaanyam("yum" - Sunday, "davaa" - Monday). Lhagwa And Lhagwasuren were born on Wednesday ("lhagva" - Wednesday), Purevbaatar- a hero born on Thursday ("Purev" - Thursday), Byamba And Byambatsetseg- on Saturday ("byamba" - Saturday, "tsetseg" - flower).
Girls are often given names associated with flowers. For example, name Bolortsetseg means "Crystal Flower" ("bolor" - crystal), Tsagaantsetseg- "White flower", Ulaantsetseg- "Red flower", Battsetseg- Strong flower Urantsetseg- "Artful flower", Ariuntsetseg- Sacred Flower Erdenetsetseg- Precious Flower Suvdantsetseg- "Pearl Flower" Shurentsetseg- Coral Flower. The list of colors is endless. The name of the flowers can also be used as a name. For example, name Hongorzul translates as tulip.
The birth of a child is always a holiday. Therefore, the son can be called bayar("bayar" - a holiday) or Batbayar("bat" - strong, reliable), or Bayarkhuu("huu" - son). And the girl - Tsengelmaa("tsengel" - fun, entertainment, fun). In order for the fate of the child to develop successfully, you can name him Azzhargal("az" - happiness, luck; "zhargal" - happiness, bliss, pleasure).
Nyamzhargal- Sunday happiness ("yum" - Sunday; "zhargal" - happiness). Nice name, right? To make a boy grow strong, you can call him Ganzorig("gan" - steel; "zorig" - courage, courage, willpower). By the way, this is the name of the director of the mining and processing plant. Maybe the right choice of name allowed him to succeed and become a leader.
Name of Deputy Director - Ganbaatar- translates as a steel hero. Also a very respected person. Here is a boy named Dolgoon, most likely, will grow up calm, quiet and gentle. After all, this is how the word is translated. Delger- extensive, spacious, wide, plentiful. I know a man with that name, he is really tall, big and broad in the shoulders. This name can also be considered as a compound one: "del" - national clothes, "ger" - yurt. Amarbat will grow up prosperous and reliable ("amar" - calm, prosperous; "bat" - solid, strong, durable, reliable). In order for a girl to grow up honest and pure, she will be called Ariunaa or Ariun-Erdene("ariun" - pure, sacred, holy, honest; "erdene" - jewel, treasure). Or Tselmag, which translates as clear, pure.
If parents want to see their daughter smart, they will give her a name Oyun or Oyuuntsetseg("oyun" - mind, mind, intellect). The girl with the name Enkhtuvshin will be calm and peaceful ("enkh" - calmness, peace; "tuvshin" - peaceful, calm, quiet). Personal names often contain the words "erdene" - a jewel, treasure, "zhargal" - happiness, "monkh" - eternal, immortal, forever, "suvd" - pearls. Female name Suvdaa means pearl. Name Baigalmaa from the word "baigal" - nature. Also often in personal names there is the word "zayaa" - fate, fate. Interesting name host, translated as a pair of fate (“khos” - a couple, a pair).
For many girls, the name ends with "tuyaa" - translated as "ray". Name Narantuya means a ray of sunshine ("nar" - the sun, "naran" - solar), Altantuya- a golden ray ("alt" - gold, "altan" - golden), Ariuntuyaa- sacred ray ("ariun" - holy, sacred). More interesting names: Altankhuyag- golden chain mail ("altan" - gold; "khuyag" - shell, armor, chain mail). Ganhuyag- steel chain mail. Mongonzagas- silver fish ("mongon" - silver, "zagas" - fish).
It turns out that in Mongolia almost all names are inimitable and unique. And every child grows up special, not like anyone else.
The anthroponymic model of the Mongols has always been simple and has not undergone significant changes over the past seven centuries, as can be judged from written monuments, the earliest of which date back to the 13th century, and the later - late XIX century it consisted of one personal name given at birth, and if there were no special reasons for changing it, then the person wore it until his death.
However, already in the 13th century, judging by the text of the Secret History of the Mongols, in many cases the names were accompanied by nicknames and titles: Duva-sohor "Duva-blind", Dobun-mergen "Dobun - a sharp shooter", Wang-khan "ruler of Van" , Ambagai-khan "the great ruler of Ambagai" . As a rule, nicknames “were characteristic of the common people, titles - for the hereditary nobility, but this division was not strictly observed. Often titles became names, as evidenced by the facts of the history of Mongolia.
The modern anthroponymic model of the Mongols includes not only a personal name (ner), but also a patronymic (ovog). The latter is a genitive form of the father's name and precedes the personal name, for example: Sodnamyn Sambu "Sambu son of Sodnom", Ayushin Namdag "Namdag son of Ayushi". In everyday everyday communication, the patronymic does not appear; it is indicated only in the documents.
Three stages can be distinguished in the formation of the Mongolian personal name: ancient Mongolian, lamaistic and modern. Among the indisputably ancient names are such names as Baatar "hero", Mergen "sharp", Tumur "iron", Munkh "eternal", Oyun "wise", Ulziy "prosperous", Naran "sun". They can be found in early Mongolian writings, legends, tales different centuries. At present, they are no less popular than in the XIII century, and are used not only by themselves, but also as part of numerous names derived from them, for example: Baatarzhargal "heroic happiness", Baatarchuluun "heroic stone", Tumurzorig "iron determination" , Tumurkhuyag "iron armor", Munkhdalai "eternal sea", Oyuungerel "light of wisdom". As you can see, such anthroponyms are formed from Mongolian appellatives.
The Lamaist layer in the name-list was formed in two periods: after the first (XIII century) and the second ( XVI-XVII centuries) waves of spread of Lamaism among the Mongols. The Sanskrit and Tibetan names that came with Lamaism were for the most part the names of the gods of the Buddhist pantheon, mythical and real preachers of Buddhism, or they were names individual works Buddhist canonical literature, terms Buddhist philosophy, names of various ritual objects, planets. All this religious terminology, having undergone certain changes in accordance with the norms of the Mongolian language, filled the Mongolian name book for almost three hundred years.
So, the names Choyoyil, Choyzhilzhav, Choyzhinhorloo, Damdin, Damdingochoo, Damdinnorov, Zhambaa, Zhambaarinchen, Zhambanyandag, Lkham, Lkhamaa, Lkhamsuren, Lkha-mochir, Dalkhaa, Dalkhzhav, Dalkhsuren, Dulmaa; Dulamdorj, Dulamzhav, Moidar, Moidarzhav go back to the names of Buddhist deities, and the names Zhanchiv, Zhanchivdorzh, Zhsmchivsenge, Samdan, Samdanvanchig, Samdangeleg, Samdanjamts, Endon, Endonnorov, Endonbazar, Endonbal, Tsultem - to Tibetan philosophical Buddhist terms: zhanchuv "holiness", samdan "contemplation", yondan "knowledge", tsultim "morality"; the names of the Buddhist sutras are at the heart of the names Ba-damkhatan, Zhadamba. Among the Mongolian anthroponyms, semantically ascending to the names of objects of religious worship, the following can be noted: Erdene (Sanskrit ratna) "jewel", Ochir (Sanskrit vajra) "thunder ax", Badma (Sanskrit padma).
In addition, Tibetan name-forming elements are often found in Mongolian names, which have a certain meaning: -zhav (Tibetan skyabs "protection", "help") - Maksarzhav, Gombozhav, Tsevegzhav, Badamzhav; -suren (Tibetan srung "caution", "vigilance") - Yadamsuren, Handsuren, Lhamsuren, Zhigzhidsuren; -san (Tibetan bsang "kind", "beautiful") - Choibalsan, Batnasan, Urtnasan; luvsan- (Tib. blo-bzang "good feeling") - Luvsanvandan, Luvsanbaldan, Luvsandan-zan; -bal (Tib. dpal "glory", "greatness") - Tsedenbal; lodoy- (Tibetan blo-gros "reason", "intelligence") - Lodoydamba; -puntsag (Tibetan p'un-ts'ogs "perfection") - Puntsagnorov.
Mongols do not have a clear boundary between male and female names, although there is still some regularity in semantic terms. For example, names that include the words tsetseg "flower", tuyaa "dawn", odon "star" (Badamtsetseg, Altantsetseg, Zhargaltsetseg, Narantsetseg, Erdenetsetseg, Enkhtuyaa) are used preferably as female names. At the same time, the presence in the name of such words as baatar “hero”, bag “strong”, bold “steel”, dorzh or ochir, zorigt “brave”, etc., suggests that these names are predominantly masculine (Khatanbaatar, Munkhbaatar , Batochir, Batmunkh, Batjargal, Oyuunbaatar, Davaadorj, Ganbaatar, Batzorigt, Chinbat, Dorzh, Natsagdorj). However, many names formed from appellatives can equally be used both as masculine and feminine, for example: Tsogtgerel "flame light", Sergelen "cheerful", Jargal "happiness", Tseren "long-lived".
Names are still very popular - the names of the days of the week and their corresponding planets. They exist in two versions - Tibetan and Sanskrit. The Tibetan row sounds like this: Nyam "Sunday", "Sun", Davaa "Monday", "Moon", Myagmar "Tuesday", "Mars", Lhagwa "Wednesday", "Mercury", Purev "Thursday", "Jupiter", Baasan "Friday", "Venus", Byamba "Saturday", "Saturn". The Sanskrit series is mongolized: Adyaa, Sum-yaa, Angarak, Bud, Barkhasvad, Sugar, Sanchir. However, if the Tibetan words now represent the official designations of the days of the week in the country, then the Sanskrit ones are used mainly as the names of the planets. All the names of the Tibetan series can act both as male and female names. From the Sanskrit series as female name only Sugar "Venus" is used.
The third, modern layer in the name-list was formed after the victory of the People's Revolution and the proclamation of the Mongolian People's Republic(1924). This stage is characterized by the appearance of not only new formations based on traditional Mongolian vocabulary, but also various lexical Russian and international borrowings. In the Mongolian personal names of our days, Russian names (Alexander, Alexei, Nina, Viktor, Tanya, Boris, Borya, Lyuba, etc.), Russian surnames (Ivanov, Kozlov, Pushkin), names of mountains are presented as personal names in full and diminutive versions. (Elbrus), common nouns (Active, Kamel - from the brand of American cigarettes "Camel" "camel", Korol from the Russian king). The use of Russian surnames as Mongolian names in each case has an explanation: it is either close friend one of the family members, or a friend in study, work, a war hero, a doctor who worked in the area, a famous Russian poet. However, there are few such names.
IN last years there has been a tendency towards the revival of Mongolian proper and even ancient Mongolian names such as Tergun, Mergen, Baatar, etc. For this purpose, special councils at maternity hospitals are conducting explanatory work. The results are already showing. The percentage of Tibetan, Sanskrit names, the meaning of which is often unknown to current young parents, has decreased. There is a growth and diversity of names formed from Mongolian appellatives.
Until now, there is, although rare, the once widespread custom of replacing the original name with a different, new name. The first name is forgotten. Usually this was associated with some extraordinary circumstances, for example, with recovery from a serious illness, which was interpreted as a "rebirth" of the individual; in addition, the new name was supposed to mislead those "evil forces" that caused serious illness. In the older generation, one can still meet humiliating human dignity names" that served as a kind of amulets for children from evil spirits: Enabish "not the same", Hunbish "not a man", Nergui "nameless", Khulgana "mouse", Nokhoi "dog".
The system of addressing the Mongols to each other is interesting. When addressing older men or women, a particle of respect -guay is added to the name: Sambuguay, Damdinsurenguay, Nyam-guay. If a person's name is not known, they are addressed as follows: vvgvnguay "honorable", "respectable" (conditional) if it is a man, and eme "grandmother" if it is an elderly woman, egch "older sister" if it is a middle-aged woman. When addressing children, they call the huu lines “my boy”, the duu lines “my child”.
Curious phenomena are observed at the junction of the Mongolian and Russian anthroponymic models. A Russian girl, marrying a Mongol and wanting to change her surname, finds herself in difficulty, because the Mongols do not have a surname. There is no unified way to solve such problems, therefore, in some cases new surname Russian woman becomes the name of her husband, in others - his patronymic. Children from mixed marriages usually receive names that correspond to the Russian anthroponymic model; their patronymic becomes the name of the father, decorated according to the "Russian model", and the patronymic of the father, that is, the name of the grandfather, however, no longer in the genitive, but in nominative case, turns into a surname: Galina Batochirovna Munkhbold (Galina is a personal name, Batochir is the name of the father, Munkhbold is the name of the grandfather).
