Charles Perrault: unknown facts about the famous storyteller. What fairy tales did Charles Perrault write: more than just a storyteller Very interesting facts of a fairy tale

• Explore the work of Charles Perrault.
• Find out what place fairy tales occupied in the writer's work.
• Understand what the heroes of the fairy tales of Charles Perrault taught.
• Find out how the students of our class know the fairy tales of Charles Perrault.

This is Charles Perrault, the famous storyteller who wrote the beloved Cinderella. The story of a beautiful hardworking girl who is known all over the world!

• This is Charles Perrault, the famous storyteller who wrote the beloved Cinderella. The story of a beautiful hardworking girl who is known all over the world!

• Before becoming a storyteller, Charles Perrault was engaged in state affairs and was a poet. For twenty years he faithfully served the king and managed the construction of royal palaces and services.
• Then he devoted his life to literature.

• However, Perrault's fairy tales would never have succeeded and would not have survived to this day if he did not possess one rare quality for those times - love and attention to children. He was engaged in raising 4 children who remained with him after the death of his wife.

• Perrault did this not only out of a sense of duty, but also because he was really interested and fun with children. The family lived together, fairy tale evenings were often held, at which the adventures of favorite heroes were retold again and again: Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood, Puss in Boots.

• "Cinderella".
• "Sleeping Beauty".
• "Little Red Riding Hood".

The tale of a hardworking poor stepdaughter, very kind and very sympathetic. And a person with such qualities will surely be rewarded. Cinderella first

• The tale of a hardworking poor stepdaughter, very kind and very sympathetic. And a person with such qualities will surely be rewarded. Cinderella first
• gets to the ball, and then the prince falls in love with her.

• A story about a princess who was cursed by an evil fairy and fell asleep for many years, and a handsome prince saved her, because good always triumphs over evil!

There are probably few children in the world who have never heard the story of how Little Red Riding Hood went to visit her grandmother.

• There are probably few children in the world who have never heard the story of how Little Red Riding Hood went to visit her grandmother.

• and met a wolf on the way. Let's take a look at the moral of this story. You can not talk to strangers, it can be dangerous.

Fairy tale quiz

• Fairy tale quiz
• Charles Perrault

1) "Black beret".

• 1) "Black beret".
• 2) "Dog in sneakers."
• 5) "Girl-giantess".
• 6) "Watching Witch".

Next to whom did the stepmother's daughters seem worse than ever?

• Next to whom did the stepmother's daughters seem worse than ever?
• with the Stepmother with Cinderella with the Queen with the Godmother How many fairies were invited to the christening of the newborn princess?
• three four seven five What was in Little Red Riding Hood's basket?
• Mushrooms A pie and a pot of butter Butter and milk Chips and juice Why is Cinderella called Cinderella?
• She was wearing a golden dress She was sitting on a chest of ashes She was so named by her mother at birth How many years did the princess sleep?
• 100 years 130 years 10 years 200 years

Conclusion.

• The life of Charles Perrault was very eventful and interesting. He tried himself in different professions, but soon realized that his element was fairy tales. Creativity of the writer is appreciated on merit.
• I have read many fairy tales by Charles Perrault. These fairy tales contain entertaining stories, but they all teach us to be kind, fair, teach us to love beauty.

• Thank you
• Attention.

The life of the famous storyteller Charles Perrault was born in 1628. The boy's family was concerned about the education of their children, and at the age of eight, Charles was sent to college. As historian Philippe Aries notes, school biography Perrault is a biography of a typical excellent student. During the training, neither he nor his brothers were ever beaten with rods, an exceptional case at that time. After college, Charles took private law lessons for three years and eventually received a law degree. At twenty-three, he returns to Paris and begins his career as a lawyer. Literary activity Perrault comes at a time when a fashion for fairy tales appears in high society. Reading and listening to fairy tales is becoming one of the common hobbies of secular society, comparable only to the reading of detective stories by our contemporaries. Some prefer to listen to philosophical tales, others pay tribute to the old tales, which have come down in the retelling of grandmothers and nannies. Writers, trying to satisfy these requests, write down fairy tales, processing the plots familiar to them from childhood, and the oral fairy tale tradition gradually begins to turn into a written one. However, Perrault did not dare to publish the tales under his own name, and the book he published contained the name of his eighteen-year-old son, P. Darmancourt. He was afraid that with all the love for "fabulous" entertainment, writing fairy tales would be perceived as a frivolous occupation, casting a shadow on the authority of a serious writer with its frivolity.

Perrault's fairy tales are based on famous folk story, which he presented with his usual talent and humor, omitting some details and adding new ones, "ennobling" the language. Most of all, these fairy tales were suitable for children. And it is Perrault that can be considered the founder of children's world literature and literary pedagogy.

Creativity Charles Perrault wrote poetry: odes, poems, very numerous, solemn and long. Now few people remember them. But later he became especially famous as the head of the "new" party during the sensational dispute of the "ancient" and "new" in its time. The essence of this dispute was this. In the 17th century, the opinion still reigned that the ancient writers, poets and scientists created the most perfect, most the best works. The "new", that is, Perrault's contemporaries, can only imitate the ancients, all the same they are not able to create anything better. The main thing for a poet, playwright, scientist is the desire to be like the ancients. Perrault's main opponent, the poet Nicolas Boileau, even wrote a treatise " poetic art", in which he established "laws" on how to write each work, so that everything was exactly like the ancient writers. It was against this that the desperate debater Charles Perrault began to object.

To prove that his contemporaries are no worse, Perrault released a huge volume " Famous people France XVII century", here he collected more than a hundred biographies of famous scientists, poets, historians, surgeons, artists. He wanted people not to sigh ah, the golden times of antiquity had passed, but, on the contrary, they were proud of their age, their contemporaries. So Perrault would have remained in history only as the head of the "new" party, but ... But then the year 1696 came, and the tale "Sleeping Beauty" appeared without a signature in the magazine "Gallant Mercury". And the next year, in Paris and at the same time in The Hague, the capital of Holland, a book was published "Tales of Mother Goose". The book was small, with simple pictures. And suddenly an incredible success! Tales Charles Perrault, of course, did not invent himself, he remembered some from childhood, he learned others throughout his life, because when he sat down for fairy tales, he was for 65 years. But he not only wrote them down, but he himself turned out to be an excellent storyteller. Like a real storyteller, he made them terribly modern. If you want to know what fashion was in 1697, read Cinderella: the sisters, going to the ball, dress in the most the latest fashion, and the palace where Sleeping Beauty fell asleep. according to the description exactly Versailles! The same language is spoken by all people in fairy tales as they would speak in life: the woodcutter and his wife, the parents of the Boy with a finger speak like ordinary people, and princesses, as befits princesses. Remember, Sleeping Beauty exclaims when she sees the prince who woke her up: "Oh, it's you, prince? You kept yourself waiting!"

In Russian, Perrault's fairy tales were first published in Moscow in 1768 under the title "Tales of Sorceresses with Morals", and they were titled like this: "The Tale of a Girl with a Little Red Riding Hood", "The Tale of a Man with a Blue Beard", "Fairy Tale about the father cat in spurs and boots", "The Tale of the Beauty Sleeping in the Forest" and so on. Then new translations appeared, they came out in 1805 and 1825. Soon Russian children, as well as their peers in others. countries, learned about the adventures of the Boy with a finger, Cinderella and Puss in Boots. And now there is no person in our country who would not have heard of Little Red Riding Hood or Sleeping Beauty.

Author of the first children's book Do you know who wrote the very first children's book? Famous writer - storyteller Charles Perrot. Yes Yes! After all, before him, no one had ever written specifically for children! It all started in 1696, when the tale "Sleeping Beauty" appeared in the magazine "Gallant Mercury". Readers liked her so much that next year its author decided to write a whole book called "The Tales of My Mother Goose, or Stories and Tales of Bygone Times with Teachings." This author was Charles Perrault. He was then 68 years old. He was famous writer, academician and member of the French Academy, and also a royal official. Therefore, beingware of ridicule, Charles Perrault did not dare to put his name on the collection, and the book was published under the name of his son Pierre. But it so happened that it was this book, to which the author was embarrassed to give his name, that brought him worldwide fame.

Tales of Charles Perrault Perrault's great merit is that he chose several stories from the mass of folk tales and fixed their plot, which has not yet become final. He gave them a tone, a climate, a style characteristic of the 17th century, and yet very personal. Among the storytellers who "legalized" the fairy tale in serious literature, the very first and place of honor given to the French writer Charles Perrault. Few of our contemporaries know that Perrault was a venerable poet of his time, an academician of the French Academy, the author of famous scientific papers. But worldwide fame and the recognition of posterity was brought to him not by his thick, serious books, but beautiful fairy tales.

Notable works 1. The Walls of Troy, or the Origin of Burlesque" 1653 parodic poem first work 2. "The Age of Louis the Great", 1687 poem 3. "Tales of My Mother Goose, or Stories and Tales of Old Times with Teachings" "Sorceresses" 5. "Cinderella" 6 "Puss in Boots" 7. "Little Red Riding Hood" - a folk tale 8. "Boy with a finger" - a folk tale 9. "Donkey skin" 10. "Sleeping Beauty" 11. "Rike-tuft" 12. "Blue Beard".

Quiz based on the fairy tales of Charles Perrault (mathematical) How many sons did the miller have? How many months did the cat bear tribute to the king? How many times did the Ogre make his transformations? How many years did the enchanted princess have to sleep? How old was the princess when she fell asleep? How many sorceresses were invited to be godmothers to the princess? How many pure gold cases and cutlery were ordered for sorceresses? How many children did the lumberjack have? How many times has the woodcutter taken his children into the woods? How many daughters did the Cannibal have?

Questionnaire based on the fairy tales of Charles Perrault. What fairy tales of Charles Perrault do you know? Which of these fairy tales do you think is the most beautiful? Which of these stories do you think is the scariest? Which of the characters in Charles Perrault's fairy tales do you consider the most daring? …the kindest? … the most resourceful? Which magic items from the fairy tales of Charles Perrault would you put in the "Fairytale Museum"? Have you met incomprehensible words in the fairy tales of Charles Perrault? If so, which ones? "Half a dozen" - how much is it? In what fairy tale is this number called? "Eleven and three quarters" - how many hours and minutes is it? What fairy tale tells about this time?

What was in Little Red Riding Hood's basket? A. Biscuits and a bottle of lemonade B. Pie and a pot of butter C. Pie and a pot of sour cream

Charles Perrault(1628-1703) - French poet and critic of the Classical era, member of the French Academy. He gained worldwide popularity thanks to the fairy tale "Sleeping Beauty" and the book "Tales of Mother Goose, or Stories and Tales of Old Times with Teachings".

The fairy tales of Charles Perrault must be read for their special liveliness, cheerful instructiveness and the finest irony, sustained in an elegant style. They have not lost their relevance even in our days of various information technologies, probably because life itself was a source of inspiration for the author.

Perrault's tales can be read to understand the laws of life. The heroes of his works are aristocratically gallant and practical intelligent, spiritual and highly moral. It doesn't matter who they are - kind girls from the common people or spoiled secular young ladies- each character perfectly embodies a specific type of person. Cunning or industrious, selfish or generous - such as is a universal example or such as should not be.

Read fairy tales by Charles Perrault online

Whole wonderful world, which may seem naive, is unusually complex and deep, therefore it is able to sincerely captivate the imagination of not only a small, but also an adult person. Open this world right now - read the fairy tales of Charles Perrault online!

Charles Perrault (fr. Charles Perrault; January 12, 1628, Paris - May 16, 1703, Paris) - French poet and critic of the Classical era, member of the French Academy since 1671,

Charles Perrault was born to Pierre Perrault, a judge of the Parlement of Paris, and was the youngest of his six children.
Mostly the mother was engaged with the children - it was she who taught the children to read and write. Despite being very busy, her husband helped with the lessons with the boys, and when the eight-year-old Charles began studying at Beauvais College, his father often checked his lessons. A democratic atmosphere reigned in the family, and the children could well defend a point of view close to them. However, there were completely different orders in college - here cramming and stupid repetition of the words of the teacher were required. Disputes were not allowed under any circumstances. And yet the Perrot brothers were excellent students, and according to the historian Philippe Aries, they were never punished with rods during their entire training. For those times - the case, one might say, is unique.
However, in 1641, Charles Perrault was expelled from the lesson for arguing with the teacher and defending his opinion. Together with him, his friend Boren left the lesson. The boys decided not to return to college, and on the same day, in the Luxembourg Gardens in Paris, they drew up a plan for self-education. For three years the friends studied Latin, Greek, the history of France and ancient literature- in fact, going through the same program as in college. Much later, Charles Perrault claimed that he received all his knowledge that was useful to him in life during these three years, studying independently with a friend.

In 1651, he received a law degree and even bought himself a lawyer's license, but he quickly got sick of this occupation, and Charles went to work for his brother Claude Perrault - he became a clerk. Like many young people at that time, Charles wrote numerous poems: poems, odes, sonnets, and was also fond of the so-called "court gallant poetry." Even in his own words, all these writings were distinguished by a fair amount of length and excessive solemnity, but carried too little meaning. The first work of Charles, which he himself considered acceptable, was the poetic parody "The Walls of Troy, or the Origin of Burlesque", written and published in 1652.

Charles Perrault wrote his very first fairy tale in 1685 - it was the story of the shepherdess Griselda, who, despite all the troubles and hardships, became the wife of the prince. The tale was called "Grisel". Perrault himself did not attach any importance to this work. But two years later his poem "The Age of Louis the Great" was published - and Perrault even read this work at a meeting of the Academy. For many reasons, it aroused the stormy indignation of the classic writers - Lafontaine, Racine, Boileau. They accused Perrault of a dismissive attitude towards antiquity, which was customary to imitate in the literature of that time. The fact is that established writers The 17th century believed that all the best and most perfect works had already been created - in ancient times. Modern writers, according to the established opinion, had the right only to imitate the standards of antiquity and approach this unattainable ideal. Perrault, on the other hand, supported those writers who believed that there should be no dogma in art, and copying the ancients means only stagnation.

In 1694, his works "Funny Desires" and "Donkey Skin" are published - the era of the storyteller Charles Perrault begins. A year later, he lost his position as secretary of the Academy and devoted himself entirely to literature. In 1696, the Gallant Mercury magazine published the fairy tale Sleeping Beauty. The tale instantly gained popularity in all sectors of society, but people expressed their indignation that there was no signature under the tale. In 1697, at the same time in The Hague and Paris, the book “Tales of Mother Goose, or Stories and Tales of Bygone Times with Teachings” goes on sale. Despite its small size and very simple pictures, the circulation sold out instantly, and the book itself gained incredible success.
Those nine fairy tales that were included in this book were just an adaptation of folk tales - but how it was done! The author himself repeatedly hinted that he literally overheard the tales that his son's nurse told the child at night. However, Charles Perrault was the first writer in the history of literature to introduce folk tale into the so-called "high" literature - as an equal genre. Now it may sound strange, but at the time of the release of Mother Goose's Tales, high society enthusiastically read and listened to fairy tales at their meetings, and therefore Perrault's book instantly won the high society.

Many critics accused Perrault of not inventing anything himself, but only writing down plots already known to many. But it should be noted that he made these stories modern and tied them to specific places - for example, his Sleeping Beauty fell asleep in a palace that was extremely reminiscent of Versailles, and the clothes of the Cinderella sisters fully corresponded to the fashion trends of those years. Charles Perrault simplified the "high calm" of the language so much that his tales were understandable and ordinary people. After all, Sleeping Beauty, Cinderella, and Thumb Boy spoke exactly as they would speak in reality.
Despite the enormous popularity of fairy tales, Charles Perrault, in his almost seventy years, did not dare to publish them under own name. On the books was the name of Pierre de Armancourt, the eighteen-year-old son of the storyteller. The author was afraid that fairy tales, with their frivolity, could cast a shadow on his authority as an advanced and serious writer.
However, you can’t hide an awl in a bag, and very quickly the truth about the authorship of such popular fairy tales. It was even believed in high society that Charles Perrault signed with the name of his youngest son in order to introduce him into the circle of the Princess of Orleans, the young niece of the sun-like King Louis. By the way, the dedication on the book was addressed to the princess.

I must say that disputes about the authorship of these tales are still ongoing. Moreover, the situation in this matter was finally and irrevocably confused by Charles Perrault personally. He wrote his memoirs shortly before his death - and in these memoirs he described in detail, with details, all the most important events and dates of his life. Mention was made of the service of the almighty minister Colbert, and the work of Perrault in editing the first Dictionary French”, and every single ode written to the king, and translations of the Italian fables of Faerno, and research on comparing new and ancient authors. But Perrault never even mentioned the phenomenal “Tales of Mother Goose” ... But it would be an honor for the author to include this book in the register of his own achievements! If to speak modern language, then the rating of Perrault's tales in Paris was unimaginably high - only one book store Claude Barben sold up to fifty books a day. It is unlikely that today even the adventures of Harry Potter can even dream of such a scale. For France, it became unheard of that the publisher had to repeat the circulation of "Tales of Mother Goose" three times in just one year.

The death of the storyteller finally confused the question of authorship. Even in 1724, "The Tales of Mother Goose" was printed with the name of Pierre de Amancourt in the title. But public opinion nevertheless decided later that the author of the tales was Perrault Sr., and so far the tales are published under his name.
Few people today know that Charles Perrault was a member of the French Academy, the author of scientific papers and a famous poet of his time. Even fewer people know that it was he who legalized the fairy tale as literary genre. But any person on Earth knows that Charles Perrault - great storyteller and author of the immortal Puss in Boots, Cinderella and Bluebeard.

Charles Perrault

(1628 - 1703)

Born January 12th. The great merit of Perrault is that he chose several stories from the mass of folk tales and fixed their plot, which has not yet become final. He gave them a tone, a climate, a style characteristic of the 17th century, and yet very personal.

Among the storytellers who "legalized" the fairy tale in serious literature, the very first and honorable place is given to the French writer Charles Perrault. Few of our contemporaries know that Perrault was a venerable poet of his time, an academician of the French Academy, and the author of famous scientific works. But world-wide fame and recognition from his descendants were brought to him not by his thick, serious books, but by the wonderful fairy tales Cinderella, Puss in Boots, and Bluebeard.

Charles Perrault was born in 1628. The boy's family was concerned about the education of their children, and at the age of eight, Charles was sent to college. As historian Philippe Aries points out, Perrault's school biography is that of a typical straight-A student. During the training, neither he nor his brothers were ever beaten with rods - an exceptional case at that time.

After college, Charles took private law lessons for three years and eventually received a law degree.

At twenty-three, he returns to Paris and begins his career as a lawyer. Perrault's literary activity comes at a time when a fashion for fairy tales appears in high society. Reading and listening to fairy tales is becoming one of the common hobbies of secular society, comparable only to the reading of detective stories by our contemporaries. Some prefer to listen to philosophical tales, others pay tribute to the old tales, which have come down in the retelling of grandmothers and nannies. Writers, trying to satisfy these requests, write down fairy tales, processing the plots familiar to them from childhood, and the oral fairy tale tradition gradually begins to turn into a written one.

However, Perrault did not dare to publish the tales under his own name, and the book he published contained the name of his eighteen-year-old son, P. Darmancourt. He was afraid that with all the love for "fabulous" entertainment, writing fairy tales would be perceived as a frivolous occupation, casting a shadow on the authority of a serious writer with its frivolity.

Perrault's fairy tales are based on well-known folklore plots, which he outlined with his usual talent and humor, omitting some details and adding new ones, "ennobling" the language. Most of all, these fairy tales were suitable for children. And it is Perrault that can be considered the founder of children's world literature and literary pedagogy.

Charles Perrault: the childhood of a storyteller.

The boys sat down on the bench and began to discuss the current situation - what to do next. They knew one thing for sure: they would not return to the boring college for anything. But you have to study. Charles heard this from childhood from his father, who was a lawyer for the Paris Parliament. And his mother was an educated woman, she herself taught her sons to read and write. When Charles entered college at the age of eight and a half, his father checked his lessons every day, he had great respect for books, teaching, and literature. But only at home, with his father and brothers, it was possible to argue, to defend his point of view, and in college it was required to cram, it was only necessary to repeat after the teacher, and God forbid, argue with him. For these disputes, Charles was expelled from the lesson.

No, no more to the disgusting college with a foot! But what about education? The boys racked their brains and decided: we will study on our own. Right there in the Luxembourg Gardens, they drew up a routine and next day started its implementation.

Borin came to Charles at 8 in the morning, they studied together until 11, then dined, rested and studied again from 3 to 5. The boys read ancient authors together, studied the history of France, learned Greek and Latin, in a word, those subjects that they would pass and in college.

“If I know anything,” Charles wrote many years later, “I owe it solely to these three or four years of study.”

What happened to the second boy named Borin, we do not know, but the name of his friend is now known to everyone - his name was Charles Perrault. And the story you've just learned took place in 1641, under Louis XIV, the Sun King, in the days of curled wigs and musketeers. It was then that the one whom we know as the great storyteller lived. True, he himself did not consider himself a storyteller, and sitting with a friend in the Luxembourg Gardens, he did not even think about such trifles.

The essence of this dispute was this. In the 17th century, the opinion still prevailed that the ancient writers, poets and scientists created the most perfect, the best works. The "new", that is, Perrault's contemporaries, can only imitate the ancients, all the same they are not able to create anything better. The main thing for a poet, playwright, scientist is the desire to be like the ancients. Perrault's main opponent, the poet Nicolas Boileau, even wrote a treatise "Poetic Art", in which he established "laws" on how to write each work, so that everything was exactly like the ancient writers. It was against this that the desperate debater Charles Perrault began to object.

Why should we imitate the ancients? he wondered. Are modern authors: Corneille, Moliere, Cervantes worse? Why quote Aristotle in every scholarly writing? Is Galileo, Pascal, Copernicus below him? After all, Aristotle's views were outdated long ago, he did not know, for example, about blood circulation in humans and animals, did not know about the movement of the planets around the Sun.

Creation

Charles Perrault now we call him a storyteller, but in general during his lifetime (he was born in 1628, died in 1703). Charles Perrault was known as a poet and publicist, dignitary and academician. He was a lawyer, the first clerk of the French Minister of Finance Colbert.

When the Academy of France was created by Colbert in 1666, among its first members was Charles's brother, Claude Perrault, who shortly before this Charles had helped win the competition for the design of the facade of the Louvre. A few years later, Chars Perrault was also admitted to the Academy, and he was assigned to lead the work on the "General Dictionary of the French Language".

The history of his life is both personal and public, and politics mixed with literature, and literature, as it were, divided into what glorified Charles Perrault through the ages - fairy tales, and what remained transient. For example, Perrault became the author of the poem "The Age of Louis the Great", in which he glorified his king, but also - the work "Great People of France", voluminous "Memoirs" and so on and so forth. In 1695 a collection was published poetic tales Charles Perrot.

But the collection "Tales of Mother Goose, or Stories and Tales of Bygone Times with Teachings" was released under the name of Charles Perrault's son Pierre de Armancourt - Perrault. It was the son who in 1694, on the advice of his father, began to write down folk tales. Pierre Perrault died in 1699. In his memoirs, written a few months before his death (he died in 1703), Charles Perrault does not say anything about who was the author of the tales or, to be more precise, of the literary record.

These memoirs, however, were published only in 1909, and twenty years after the death of literature, academician and storyteller, in the 1724 edition of the book "Tales of Mother Goose" (which, by the way, immediately became a bestseller), authorship was first attributed to one Charles Perrault . In a word, there are many "blank spots" in this biography. The fate of the storyteller himself and his fairy tales, written in collaboration with his son Pierre, is for the first time in Russia described in such detail in Sergei Boyko's book "Charles Perrault ".

Charles Perrault (1628-1703) was the first writer in Europe to make the folk tale part of children's literature. Unusual for French writer“Centuries of Classicism” interest in oral folk art is associated with the progressive position that Perrault took in the literary controversy of his time. In 17th-century France, classicism was the dominant, officially recognized trend in literature and art. The followers of classicism considered the works of ancient (ancient Greek and especially Roman) classics exemplary and worthy of imitation in all respects. At the court of Louis XIV, a real cult of antiquity flourished. Court painters and poets, using mythological plots or images of heroes ancient history, glorified the victory of royal power over feudal disunity, the triumph of reason and moral duty over the passions and feelings of an individual, glorified the noble monarchical state, which united the nation under its auspices.

Later, when the absolute power of the monarch began to come into ever greater conflict with the interests of the third estate, oppositional sentiments intensified in all areas of public life. Attempts were also made to revise the principles of classicism with its unshakable "rules", which managed to turn into a dead dogma and hindered the further development of literature and art. At the end of the 17th century, a dispute broke out among French writers about the superiority of ancient and modern authors. Opponents of classicism declared that the new and latest authors were superior to the ancient ones, if only by the fact that they had a broader outlook and knowledge. One can learn to write well without imitating the ancients.

One of the instigators of this historic controversy was Charles Perrault, a prominent royal official and poet, elected in 1671 to the French Academy. Coming from a bourgeois-bureaucratic family, a lawyer by training, he successfully combined official activities with literary. In the four-volume series of dialogues “Parallels between the ancient and the new in matters of art and science” (1688-1697), Perrault urged writers to turn to the image of modern life and modern customs, advised drawing plots and images not from ancient authors, but from the surrounding reality.

To prove his case, Perpo decided to work on processing folk tales, seeing in them a source of interesting, lively plots, "good morality" and "characteristic features folk life". Thus, the writer showed great courage and innovation, since fairy tales did not appear at all in the system. literary genres recognized by the poetics of classicism.

In 1697, Charles Perrault, under the name of his son Pierre Perrault d'Harmancourt, published a small collection entitled "Tales of my mother Goose, or Stories and tales of bygone times with teachings." The collection consisted of eight fairy tales: "Sleeping Beauty", "Little Red Riding Hood", "Bluebeard", "Puss in Boots", "Fairies", "Cinderella", "Riquet with a Tuft" and "A Boy with a Thumb". In subsequent editions, the collection was replenished with three more fairy tales: "Donkey Skin", "Funny Desires" and "Griselda". Since the last work is typical for that time literary story in verse (the plot is borrowed from Boccaccio's Decameron), we can assume that Perrault's collection consists of ten fairy tales 3. Perrault quite accurately adhered to folklore plots. Each of his fairy tales was traced back to the original source that exists among the people. At the same time, by presenting folk tales in his own way, the writer clothed them in a new artistic form and largely changed their original meaning. Therefore, Perrault's tales, although they retain a folklore basis, are works of independent creativity, that is, literary tales.

In the preface, Perrault proves that fairy tales are "not trifles at all." The main thing in them is morality. “They all aim to show what are the advantages of honesty, patience, foresight, diligence and obedience, and what misfortunes befall those who deviate from these virtues.”

Each fairy tale by Perrault ends with a moralizing in verse, artificially bringing the fairy tale closer to the fable - a genre accepted with some reservations by the poetics of classicism. Thus, the author wanted to "legitimize" the fairy tale in the system of recognized literary genres. At the same time, ironic moralizing, not connected with the folklore plot, introduces a certain critical trend into the literary fairy tale - counting on sophisticated readers.

Little Red Riding Hood was imprudent and paid dearly for it. Hence the moral: young girls should not trust "wolves".

Little kids, not without reason (And especially girls, Beauties and spoiled ones), Meeting all sorts of men on the way, You can’t listen to insidious speeches, Otherwise the wolf can eat them ...

Bluebeard's wife nearly fell prey to her immoderate curiosity. This gives rise to the maxim:

A woman's passion for indiscreet secrets is amusing: It is known, after all, that something dearly got, Will instantly lose both taste and sweetness.

Fairy-tale heroes are surrounded by a bizarre mixture of folk and aristocratic life. Simplicity and artlessness are combined with secular courtesy, gallantry, wit. Healthy practicality, a sober mind, dexterity, resourcefulness of a plebeian take precedence over aristocratic prejudices and conventions, over which the author does not get tired of making fun of. With the help of a clever rogue, Puss in Boots, a village boy marries a princess. The brave and resourceful Boy with a finger defeats the cannibal giant and breaks out into the people. The patient, hard-working Cinderella marries the prince. Many fairy tales end with "unequal" marriages. Patience and diligence, meekness and obedience receive the highest reward from Perrault. At the right moment, the heroine comes to the rescue Kind fairy, which perfectly copes with its duties: it punishes vice and rewards virtue.

Magical transformations and happy endings are inherent in folk tales from time immemorial. Perrault expresses his thoughts with the help of traditional motifs, colors the fabulous fabric with psychological patterns, introduces new images and realistic everyday scenes that are absent in folklore prototypes. Cinderella's sisters, having received an invitation to the ball, dress up and preen. "I," said the eldest, "I will put on a red velvet dress with lace trim." there is." They sent for a skilled craftswoman to fit double-frilled caps for them, and bought flies. The sisters called Cinderella to ask her opinion: after all, she had good taste". Even more everyday details in "Sleeping Beauty". Along with the description of various details of palace life, housekeepers, maids of honor, maids, gentlemen, butlers, doorkeepers, pages, lackeys, etc. are mentioned here. Sometimes Perrot reveals the gloomy side of contemporary reality. At the same time, his own moods are guessed. The woodcutter and his large family live in poverty and starve. Only once did they manage to have a hearty dinner, when “the lord who owned the village sent them ten ecu, which he had owed them for a long time and which they no longer hoped to receive” (“A Boy with a Finger”). Puss in Boots intimidates the peasants with the loud name of an imaginary feudal lord: “Good people, reapers! If you do not say that all these fields belong to the Marquis de Caraba, you will all be minced up like meat for a pie.

The fairy-tale world of Perrault, for all its seeming naivety, is complex and deep enough to not only captivate the imagination of a child, but also influence an adult reader. The author has invested in his tales a rich stock of life observations. If such a fairy tale as "Little Red Riding Hood" is extremely simple in content and style, then, for example, "Rike with a Tufted Hat" is distinguished by a psychologically subtle and serious idea. Witty secular conversations between the ugly Riquet and the beautiful princess enable the author to reveal the moral idea in a relaxed and entertaining way: love ennobles a person's heroic traits.

Subtle irony, graceful style, Perrault's cheerful moralizing helped his fairy tales to take their place in "high" literature. Borrowed from the treasury of French folklore, "The Tales of My Mother Goose" has returned to the people, polished and cut. In the processing of the master, they lit up with bright colors, healed with a new life.

Abstract >> Philosophy

Alfred North Whitehead, Ralph Barton Perry and U.P. Montepo. Arthur Lovejoy..., 1954). MONTESKIE (Montesquieu) Charles louis, Charles de Seconda, Baron de La... problems of psychology and theory of knowledge, founder physiological school and natural science direction ...

History of political and legal doctrines (12)

Law >> State and law

Essence and appearance of the Enlightenment. Charles Louis Montesquieu, Jean... Galbraith, W. Rostow (USA), J. Fourastier and F. perroux(France), J. Tinbergen (Netherlands), X. Shelsky and 0. ... L.I. Petrazhitsky. L. Petrazhitsky became founder Russian psychological theory rights. IN...

History of economic thought (3)

Cheat sheet >> Economic theory

Programs, flexible centralized management. perroux François (1903-1987) - ... practical program of Sismondi Jean Charles Leonard Simon de Sismondi... PE and taxation. Becomes founder directions of petty-bourgeois economic thought. Handicraft...