Prepare a short message about your favorite storyteller. Great Russian storytellers
January 12, 2018, 09:22January 12, 1628 was born Charles Perrault - French storyteller, author of the well-known fairy tales "Puss in Boots", "Cinderella" and "Bluebeard". Whereas magic stories, who came out from the pen of the author, everyone knows from young to old, few people know who he was, how he lived and even what Perrault looked like. The Brothers Grimm, Hans Christian Anderson, Hoffmann and Kipling... Names familiar to us from childhood, behind which people unknown to us are hidden. We invite you to get acquainted with how they looked and lived famous storytellers. Earlier we talked about famous children's authors of the USSR.
Charles Perrault (1628-1703).
Fairy tales such as Puss in Boots, Sleeping Beauty, Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood, Gingerbread House, Thumb Boy and Bluebeard - all these works are familiar to everyone. Alas, not everyone recognizes the greatest French poet of the 17th century.
One of the key reasons for such a low interest in the appearance of the creator was the confusion with the names under which most of the literary works of Charles Perrault were published. As it turned out later, the critic deliberately used the name of his 19-year-old son, d. Armancourt. Apparently, afraid of tarnishing his reputation by working with such a genre as a fairy tale, the author decided not to use his already famous name.
The French storyteller, critic and poet was an exemplary excellent student in childhood. He received a good education, made a career as a lawyer and writer, he was admitted to the French Academy, wrote many scientific works.
In the 1660s, he largely determined the policy of the court of Louis XIV in the field of arts, was appointed secretary of the Academy of inscriptions and belles-lettres.
Already in 1697, Perrault published one of his most popular collections, Tales of Mother Goose, which contained eight tales, which were a literary processing of folk legends.
Brothers Grimm: Wilhelm (1786-1859) and Jacob (1785-1863).
Some of the most famous works of authors are fairy tales, which have already become classics. Many of the brothers' creations are rightfully considered world classics. In order to evaluate their contribution to world culture just remember such fairy tales as "Snow White and Scarlet", "Straw, Coal and Bean", "Bremen Street Musicians", "The Brave Little Tailor", "The Wolf and the Seven Kids", "Hansel and Gretel" and many, many others.
The fates of the two linguist brothers were so intertwined with each other that many early admirers of their work called the researchers German culture nothing but creative twins.
It is worth noting that this definition was partly true: Wilhelm and Jacob were inseparable from the very beginning. early years. The brothers were so attached to each other that they preferred to spend time exclusively together, and a passionate love for a common cause only united the two future collectors of folklore around the main cause of their life - writing.
Despite such similar views, characters and aspirations, Wilhelm was strongly influenced by the fact that in childhood the boy grew weak and often got sick ... Despite the self-distribution of roles in creative union, Jacob always felt it his duty to support his brother, which only contributed to the deep and fruitful work on publications.
In addition to their main activities as linguists, the Brothers Grimm were also jurists, scientists, and at the end of their lives they took up the creation of the first dictionary of the German language.
Although Wilhelm and Jakob are considered the founding fathers of Germanic philology and German studies, they gained their wide popularity thanks to fairy tales. It should be noted that most of the content of the collections is considered by contemporaries not at all for children, but hidden meaning, invested in every published story, to this day is perceived by the public much deeper and more subtle than just a fairy tale.
Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875).
The Dane is the author of world-famous fairy tales for children and adults: " ugly duck", "The King's New Dress", "Thumbelina", "The Steadfast Tin Soldier", "The Princess and the Pea", "Ole Lukoye", " The Snow Queen"and many others.
Hans's talent began to manifest itself in early childhood- the boy was distinguished by remarkable imagination and daydreaming. Unlike peers, future prose writer adored puppet theaters and seemed noticeably more sensitive than his surroundings.
It would seem that if Anderson had not decided in time to try to express himself through writing poetry, the sensitivity of the young man could have played a cruel joke on him.
His father died when Hans was not even ten years old, the boy worked as an apprentice at a tailor, then at a cigarette factory, at the age of 14 he was already playing minor roles V Royal Theater in Copenhagen.
Hans always considered school time to be one of the darkest periods of his life. Having completed his studies back in 1827, Anderson continued to suffer from dyslexia until the end of his life: the most talented writer of our time made many mistakes in writing and could not properly master the letter.
Despite the obvious illiteracy, the young man wrote his first play, which deserved great success with the audience, at the age of only 15 years. Anderson's creative path led the Danish writer to real recognition: at the age of 30, the man was able to publish the first book of fairy tales, which to this day is read and loved not only by children, but also by adults.
Andersen never married and had no children.
Fatal for Anderson was 1872. The writer accidentally fell out of bed and hurt himself badly. Despite the fact that after the fall, the prose writer lived another three happy years, main reason death is considered to be precisely that fatal fall, after which the writer could not recover.
Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (1776-1822).
Perhaps the most famous German tale is The Nutcracker and the Mouse King.
Hoffmann's writing talent was extremely difficult to coexist with a frank disgust for "petty-bourgeois", "tea" societies. Unwilling to put up with the move public life, the young man preferred to spend his evenings and nights in a wine cellar.
Hoffmann nevertheless became a famous romantic writer. In addition to a sophisticated imagination, Ernst also demonstrated success in music, creating several operas, and then putting them to the public. That very "petty-bourgeois" and hated society accepted the talented talent with honors.
Wilhelm Hauff (1802-1827).
The German storyteller is the author of such works as "Dwarf Nose", "The Story of the Caliph-Stork", "The Story of Little Flour".
After graduating from university, Gauf composed for the children of a familiar noble official fairy tales, which were first published in the Almanac of Tales of January 1826 for the Sons and Daughters of Noble Estates.
Astrid Lindgren (1907-2002).
Swedish writer - author of a number of world famous books for children, including "Baby and Carlson, who lives on the roof" and stories about Pippi Longstocking.
Gianni Rodari (1920-1980).
Famous Italian children's writer, storyteller and journalist - the “dad” of the well-known Cipollino.
While still a student, he joined the youth fascist organization "Italian Lictor Youth". In 1941, becoming a teacher elementary school, joined the fascist party, where he remained until its liquidation in July 1943.
In 1948, Rodari became a journalist for the communist newspaper Unita and began writing books for children. In 1951, as an editor of a children's magazine, he published the first collection of poems - "The Book of Jolly Poems", as well as his most famous work "The Adventures of Cipollino".
Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936).
The author of "The Jungle Book", the main character of which was the boy Mowgli, as well as fairy tales "The cat that walks by itself", "Where did the camel's hump come from?", "How did the leopard get his spots" and others.
Pavel Petrovich Bazhov (1879-1950).
Most famous fairy tales author: "Mistress of the Copper Mountain", " silver hoof", "Malachite Box", "Two Lizards", "Golden Hair", "Stone Flower".
People's love and fame overtook Bazhov only by the age of 60. The belated publication of the collection of short stories "The Malachite Box" was dedicated exclusively to the anniversary of the writer. It is important to note that the previously underestimated talent of Pavel Petrovich eventually found his devoted reader.
Hans Christian Andersen Hans Christian Andersen is a Danish prose writer and poet, author of world-famous fairy tales for children: The Ugly Duckling, The King's New Dress, The Steadfast Tin Soldier, The Princess and the Pea, and many others. tin soldierThe Princess and the Pea Hans Christian Andersen was born on April 2, 1805 in Odense on the island of Funen.OdenseFyn
The ugly duckling The ducklings have hatched. One of them was late, and outwardly failed. The old duck scared her mother that it was a turkey, but it swam better than the rest of the ducklings. All the inhabitants of the poultry yard attacked the ugly duckling. Once the duckling could not stand it and ran into the swamp where they lived wild geese. At night, he reached the hut in which the old woman, the cat and the chicken lived. The woman took him in, blindly mistaking him for a fat duck, but the cat and the chicken who lived with her laughed at him. When the duckling wanted to swim, the hen declared that it was all from stupidity, and the freak went to live on the lake, where everyone still laughed at him. One day he saw swans and fell in love with them as he had never loved anyone. In winter, the duckling froze in ice; the peasant brought it home, warmed it up, but out of fright the chick misbehaved and ran away. All winter he sat in the reeds. In the spring I took off and saw swans swimming. The duckling decided to surrender to the will of beautiful birds and saw his own reflection: he also became a swan! And according to the children and the swans themselves, the most beautiful and youngest. He did not even dream of this happiness when he was an ugly duckling.
Thumbelina - tiny, sweet, good, kind, brave. Toad - big, scary, green. The mouse is gray, economic. The mole is wealthy and stingy. Swallow - kind, sweet, sympathetic Prince - handsome, caring The fairy tale "Thumbelina" teaches us kindness, mutual understanding. She shows us how girls should be and how boys should be: noble and responsible.
Quiz. 1. Who was the ugly duckling? 2. What birds did the duckling see on the lake after winter? 3. At first there was a barley seed, then a wonderful tulip flower, and then ... 4. Who bit the water lily stalk, saving Thumbelina from a toad? 5. Who took Thumbelina to warmer climes?
Who didn't love fairy tales as a child?
And the most popular storyteller was, perhaps, Hans Christian Andersen. They can compete with him, perhaps, folk tales peace.
Today is a great occasion to remember this wonderful and good man! After all, today the whole world celebrates the storyteller's birthday!
Andersen was born on April 2, 1805 in the city of Odense on the island of Funen, Denmark. From early childhood, Hans often dreamed and "wrote", staged performances at home. His favorite game was puppet theater.
In 1816, the boy began working as an apprentice for a tailor. Then there was the cigarette factory. At fourteen future writer moved to the capital of Denmark - Copenhagen. And he got a job at the Royal Theater, where he played supporting roles.
At the same time, Andersen wrote a play in five acts and sent a letter to the king asking for money for its release. The writer, thanks to the king of Denmark, began to study at schools, first in Slagels, and then in Elsinore at public expense. Hans graduated in 1827.
In 1829, his fantasy-style short story "A Walking Journey from the Holmen Canal to the Eastern End of Amager" was published. In 1835, Andersen brought fame to "Tales". In 1839 and 1845, the second and third books of fairy tales were written respectively.
In 1840, a collection called "The Picture Book Without Pictures" was published. In 1847 the writer left for England. Around Christmas 1872, Hans Christian Andersen's last fairy tale was written. In 1872, the writer was seriously injured as a result of a fall, from which he was treated for three years. On August 4, 1875, Hans Christian Andersen died. He was buried in Copenhagen at the Assistance Cemetery.
His fairy tales "The Ugly Duckling", "The Princess and the Pea", "Wild Swans", "Thumbelina", "The Little Mermaid", "The Snow Queen" and many others gained worldwide fame, on which more than one generation of children around the world grew up. Even during the life of the writer, they were translated into many languages, including Russian.
Since 1967, on the birthday of the great storyteller, the whole world has been celebrating International Children's Book Day.
Well, if a story about a storyteller is simply impossible without drawings for his fairy tales, I’ll tell you about the first illustrator of his works.
Vilhelm Pedersen 1820-1859 was the first illustrator of fairy tales and stories by Hans Christian Andersen. His illustrations are distinguished by smoothness, softness and roundness of forms, concise execution. It is interesting to note that often the faces of children painted by Pedersen have a completely unchildish expression, and at the same time, adults look like just big children. The world of Pedersen's illustrations is a world of leisurely stories in which things and objects can suddenly begin to speak and behave like people, and children - the heroes of Andersen's fairy tales - find themselves in an amazing and sometimes cruel world where you have to pay for everything, and where both good and evil get what they deserve.
Danish prose writer and poet - the author of world-famous fairy tales for children and adults. He wrote The Ugly Duckling, The King's New Dress, The Steadfast Tin Soldier, The Princess and the Pea, Ole Lukoye, The Snow Queen and many other works.
The storyteller was constantly afraid for his life: Andersen was frightened by the likelihood of a robbery, dogs, the possibility of losing his passport.
Most of all, the writer was afraid of fire. Because of this, the author ugly duckling"I always carried a rope with me, with which, in case of fire, you could get out through the window to the street.
Andersen was also tormented by the fear of poisoning all his life. There is a legend according to which children who loved the work of the Danish storyteller bought a gift for their idol. Ironically, the guys sent Andersen a box of chocolates. The storyteller was horrified when he saw the children's gift and sent it to his relatives.
Hans Christian Andersen. (nacion.ru)
In Denmark, there is a legend about the royal origin of Andersen. This is due to the fact that in an early autobiography the author himself wrote about how, as a child, he played with Prince Frits, later King Frederick VII, and he had no friends among street boys. Only the prince. Andersen's friendship with Frits, according to the storyteller's fantasy, continued into adulthood, until the latter's death, and, according to the writer himself, he was the only one, with the exception of relatives, who was admitted to the coffin of the deceased.
Charles Perrault
However worldwide fame and the recognition of descendants brought him not serious books, but beautiful fairy tales Cinderella, Puss in Boots, Bluebeard, Little Red Riding Hood, Sleeping Beauty.
Source: twi.ua Perrault published his fairy tales not under his own name, but under the name of his 19-year-old son Perrault d'Harmancourt. The fact is that in the culture of the 15th century throughout Europe, and especially in France, classicism dominated. This direction provided for a strict division into "high" and "low" genres. It can be assumed that the writer concealed given name in order to protect his already established literary reputation from accusations of working with the "low" fairy tale genre.
Because of this fact, after the death of Perrault, the fate of Mikhail Sholokhov also befell him: literary critics began to dispute his authorship. But the version of Perrault's independent authorship is still generally accepted.
Brothers Grimm
Jacob and Wilhelm, researchers of the German folk culture and storytellers. They were born in the city of Hanau. For a long time lived in the city of Kassel. Studied grammar Germanic languages, legal history and mythology.
Such fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm as "The Wolf and the Seven Kids", "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" and "Rapunzel" are known all over the world.
Brothers Grimm. (history-doc.ru)
For the Germans, this duet is the personification of the original folk culture. The writers collected folklore and published several collections called Grimm's Tales, which became quite popular. Also, the Grimm brothers created a book about the German Middle Ages "German Legends".
It is the Grimm brothers who are considered the founders of German philology. At the end of their lives, they set about creating the first dictionary of the German language.
Pavel Petrovich Bazhov
The writer was born in the city of Sysert, Yekaterinburg district, Perm province. He graduated from the Ekaterinburg Theological School, and later the Perm Theological Seminary.
He worked as a teacher, political worker, journalist and editor of the Ural newspapers.
Pavel Petrovich Bazhov. (zen.yandex.com)
In 1939, Bazhov's collection of fairy tales "The Malachite Box" was published. In 1944, The Malachite Box was published in London and New York, then in Prague, and in 1947 in Paris. The work has been translated into German, Hungarian, Romanian, Chinese, Japanese languages. In total, according to the library. Lenin - into 100 languages of the world.
In Yekaterinburg, there is the Bazhov House-Museum, dedicated to the life and creative way writer. It was in this room that the author of The Malachite Box wrote all his works.
Astrid Lindgren
Fairy-tale works are close to folk art, in them the connection between fantasy and the truth of life is palpable. Astrid is the author of a number of world-famous books for children, including "The Kid and Carlson, who lives on the roof" and "Pippi long stocking". In Russian, her books became known thanks to the translation of Lilianna Lungina.
Astrid Lindgren. (wbkids.ru)
Lindgren dedicated almost all of her books to children. “I haven’t written books for adults and I don’t think I ever will,” Astrid said emphatically. She, along with the heroes of the books, taught the children that “If you don’t live out of habit, whole life there will be a day!
The writer herself always called her childhood happy (it had a lot of games and adventures, interspersed with work on the farm and in its environs) and pointed out that it was it that served as a source of inspiration for her work.
In 1958, Lindgren received the Hans Christian Andersen Medal, which is equivalent to the Nobel Prize in Children's Literature.
Lindgren lived long life, 94 years, of which 48 years until her death, she continued to engage in creativity.
Rudyard Kipling
The famous writer, poet and reformer, was born in Bombay (India). At the age of 6 he was brought to England, those years he later called "the years of suffering." When the writer was 42 years old, he was awarded Nobel Prize. Until now, he remains the youngest writer-laureate in his nomination. He also became the first Englishman to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Famous storytellers
Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875)
More than one generation of people grew up on the works of the Danish writer, storyteller and playwright.
From early childhood, Hans was a visionary and dreamer, he adored puppet theaters and began to write poetry early.
His father died when Hans was not even ten years old, the boy worked as an apprentice at a tailor, then at a cigarette factory, at the age of 14 he already played minor roles at the Royal Theater in Copenhagen.
Andersen wrote his first play at the age of 15, it was a great success, in 1835 his first book of fairy tales was published, which many children and adults read with delight to this day.
Of his works, the most famous are Flint, Thumbelina, The Little Mermaid, The Steadfast Tin Soldier, The Snow Queen, The Ugly Duckling, The Princess and the Pea and many others.
Charles Perrault (1628-1703)
The French storyteller, critic and poet was an exemplary excellent student in childhood. He received a good education, made a career as a lawyer and writer, he was admitted to the French Academy, wrote many scientific works.
In 1697, his collection Tales of Mother Goose was published, which brought Perrault world fame. Based on the plot of his fairy tales, famous ballets and operatic works.
As for the most famous works, few people did not read in childhood about Puss in Boots, Sleeping Beauty, Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood, Gingerbread House, Thumb Boy, Bluebeard.
Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin (1799-1837)
Not only the poems and poems of the great poet and playwright enjoy the well-deserved love of people, but also wonderful fairy tales in verse.
Alexander Pushkin began to write his poems at an early age, he received a good education at home, graduated from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum (privileged educational institution), befriended others famous poets, including the "Decembrists".
In the life of the poet there were both periods of ups and tragic events: accusations of freethinking, misunderstanding and condemnation of the authorities, finally, a fatal duel, as a result of which Pushkin received a mortal wound and died at the age of 38.
But his legacy remains: last fairy tale, written by the poet, became "The Tale of the Golden Cockerel". Also known are “The Tale of Tsar Saltan”, “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”, the Tale of dead princess and seven bogatyrs", "The Tale of the Priest and Worker Balda".
Brothers Grimm: Wilhelm (1786-1859), Jacob (1785-1863)
Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm were inseparable from their youth to the very grave: they were connected by common interests and common adventures.
Wilhelm Grimm grew up as a sickly and weak boy, only in adulthood his health more or less returned to normal, Jacob always supported his brother.
The Grimm brothers were not only connoisseurs of German folklore, but also linguists, lawyers, scientists. One brother chose the path of a philologist, studying the memoirs of ancient German literature, the other became a scientist.
Fairy tales brought world fame to the brothers, although some works are considered “not for children”. The most famous are “Snow White and Scarlet”, “Straw, Coal and Bean”, “Bremen Street Musicians”, “The Brave Tailor”, “The Wolf and the Seven Kids”, “Hansel and Gretel” and others.
Pavel Petrovich Bazhov (1879-1950)
The Russian writer and folklorist, who was the first to perform a literary adaptation of the Ural legends, left us an invaluable legacy. He was born into a simple working-class family, but this did not stop him from graduating from the seminary and becoming a teacher of the Russian language.
In 1918, he volunteered for the front, returning, he decided to turn to journalism
It is interesting that fairy tales are made in the form of legends: folk speech, folklore images make each piece special. The most famous fairy tales are: “Mistress of the Copper Mountain”, “Silver Hoof”, “Malachite Box”, “Two Lizards”, “Golden Hair”, “Stone Flower”.
Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936)
Famous writer, poet and reformer. Rudyard Kipling was born in Bombay (India), at the age of 6 he was brought to England, he later called those years “years of suffering”, because the people who raised him turned out to be cruel and indifferent.
The future writer was educated, returned to India, and then went on a trip, visiting many countries in Asia and America.
When the writer was 42 years old, he was awarded the Nobel Prize - and to this day he remains the youngest writer-winner in his nomination. Kipling's most famous children's book is, of course, "The Jungle Book", the main character of which was the boy Mowgli, it is also very interesting to read other fairy tales: -
- “A cat that walks by itself”, “Where does a camel get a hump?”, “How did a leopard get its spots”, they all tell about distant countries and are very interesting.
Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (1776-1822)
Hoffmann was a very versatile and talented person: composer, artist, writer, storyteller.
He was born in Koningsberg when he was 3 years old, his parents separated: the older brother left with his father, and Ernst stayed with his mother, Hoffmann never saw his brother again. Ernst has always been a mischievous and dreamer, he was often called a "troublemaker."
Interestingly, next to the house where the Hoffmanns lived, there was a women's boarding house, and Ernst liked one of the girls so much that he even began to dig a tunnel to get to know her. When the manhole was almost ready, my uncle found out about it and ordered to fill up the passage. Hoffmann always dreamed that after his death there would be a memory of him - and it happened, his fairy tales are read to this day: the most famous ones are “The Golden Pot”, “The Nutcracker”, “Little Tsakhes, nicknamed Zinnober” and others.
Alan Milne (1882-1856)
Who among us does not know a funny bear with sawdust in his head - Winnie the Pooh and his funny friends? - the author of these funny fairy tales and is Alan Milne.
The writer spent his childhood in London, he was a well-educated man, then he served in the Royal Army. The first bear stories were written in 1926.
Interestingly, Alan did not read his works to his own son Christopher, preferring to educate him on more serious literary stories. Christopher read his father's fairy tales as an adult.
The books have been translated into 25 languages and enjoy great success in many countries around the world. In addition to stories about Winnie the Pooh known fairy tales "Princess Nesmeyana", "Ordinary Fairy Tale", "Prince Rabbit" and others.
Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy (1882-1945)
Alexei Tolstoy wrote in many genres and styles, received the title of academician, and during the war he was a war correspondent.
As a child, Alexei lived on the Sosnovka farm in the house of his stepfather (his mother left his father, Count Tolstoy, while pregnant). Tolstoy spent several years abroad, studying literature and folklore. different countries: so the idea arose to rewrite new way fairy tale Pinocchio.
In 1935, his book The Golden Key or the Adventures of Pinocchio was published. Alexey Tolstoy also released 2 collections own fairy tales, called "Mermaid Tales" and "Magpie Tales".
The most famous "adult" works are "Walking through the torments", "Aelita", "Hyperboloid of engineer Garin".
Alexander Nikolaevich Afanasiev (1826-1871)
This is an outstanding folklorist and historian, who from his youth was fond of folk art and explored it. At first he worked as a journalist in the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, at which time he began his research.
Afanasiev is considered one of the most prominent scientists of the 20th century, his collection of Russian folk tales is the only collection of Russian East Slavic tales that can be called " folk book“, because more than one generation has grown up on them.
The first publication dates back to 1855, since then the book has been reprinted more than once.
