What is the best place to grow mushrooms? Room for growing oyster mushrooms

Experienced mushroom growers use special cultivation chambers to feed mushrooms, they always maintain a special microclimate necessary for the development of the plant on different phases carbon dioxide content, etc.

In the process of feeding, these characteristics change significantly. The success of the business and the income that you receive directly depends on the correct selection of premises and its arrangement. Even if you have a room that is suitable, then additional investments will still be required.

It is better that the culture room has a well-equipped ventilation system, in the standard it is air conditioning and not bad heating. Certainly, special humidity and temperature must be maintained.

The amount of improvement costs often depends on the dimensions of the premises, its initial state and purpose, the planned size of the rearing of products and the type of mushrooms grown.

For example, oyster mushrooms are not particularly sensitive to special characteristics of the type of air humidity, temperature fluctuations and light. Therefore, the equipment of the premises for it does not require huge costs.

With champignons, the situation is somewhat more serious. In this case, special attention will have to be paid to the unchanged local climate.

Almost every terrestrial structure is perfect for breeding oyster mushrooms, for this you can use a barn, a vegetable store, a greenhouse or a room for animals. Most often, preference is given to greenhouses of various types.

room for growing mushrooms (oyster mushrooms)

To protect plants from direct ultraviolet rays and overheating, the glass of an ordinary greenhouse can simply be painted white.

A large supply of substrate, which is in the greenhouse, can help maintain a temperature of approximately 0 degrees, even when the temperature is -10-15 ° C in a given month, mushrooms, indeed, will not grow in such conditions, but the mycelium will not die and retain its own vital properties .

A greenhouse, barn or other premises can be bought as a property. also rent it for a relatively small amount. An ordinary barn is perfect for storing grass, from which a special substrate is made.

This material can be pasteurized in a specific chamber or in a suitable container. For this, you should take care of the container or dig a hole in advance.

The second phase of the preparation of compost material and further stages of mycelium cultivation, and then the cultivation of the mushrooms themselves, can be created in the first chamber. It is also used to process new fertilizer material.

In this case, the savings on renting a room will not be particularly significant, because you will have to purchase additional equipment that regulates air temperature and humidity, as well as provide appropriate heat and moisture insulation.

You can grow mushrooms in two ways - intensive and extensive. The first method involves the cultivation of mushrooms in a special room with the ability to adjust the main characteristics of the local climate.

Experienced mushroom growers manage to harvest throughout the year using different substrates.

Growing mushrooms at home allows you to pamper yourself with this tasty and healthy product all year round, and can also be an excellent source of additional income. Oyster mushrooms are one of the most simple species mushrooms of its kind. Anyone who decides to try their hand at mushroom growing will be able to feel like a master growing oyster mushrooms. This variety is very unpretentious and does not require special care. Where is the best place to grow oyster mushrooms at home and what is needed for this? Let's try to figure it out!

Features of growing oyster mushrooms: necessary conditions and premises

Oyster mushrooms or oyster mushrooms are unique look, which is able to germinate on any soil, be it dry grass, thyrsus, coffee grounds or even cotton fabric. This undersized plant is able to get nutrients from everything that is in its environment. Another advantage of the species is fast pace growth. Already two weeks after sowing, you can harvest the first harvest.

Growing oyster mushrooms does not require any special knowledge and skills. The best place for growing oyster mushrooms will be the basement or cellar of a private house. Oyster mushrooms are not thermophilic, and they do not need a lot of light. If you do not have a basement, they can be grown in a greenhouse in a country house or a barn. Despite the simplicity and lack of excessive care for mushrooms, the growing room must be properly prepared.

The following equipment should be installed in the room and special conditions for growing oyster mushrooms should be created:

Video: room for growing oyster mushrooms in the basement

Note! If there is a fungus in the room, it is better not to use it as a greenhouse. High humidity, which is necessary for growing mushrooms, will only aggravate the situation, the disease will affect crops, they will become inedible and poisonous.

How to grow oyster mushrooms at home: growing technology

Having decided on the location of the mushroom greenhouse, having thoroughly disinfected the premises and installed necessary equipment, you can begin the process of breeding mushrooms. The technology of growing oyster mushrooms involves several stages.

Video: step-by-step instruction breeding oyster mushrooms at home

Substrate preparation

The key to a rich harvest is a quality substrate. Although it is generally accepted that oyster mushrooms are promiscuous in this regard, the soil must still be fertile.

The best substrate for breeding oyster mushrooms are:

• dry straw of wheat, barley and buckwheat;
• hardwood sawdust;
• husks of sunflower seeds;
• dried corn stalks and cobs.

Choose the amount of substrate according to the amount of mushrooms you want to grow. So, one bag for growing oyster mushrooms is designed for 5 kg of substrate. All components of the substrate must be clean and dry, they must not be moldy or rotten, they must not be rotten. It is best to disinfect the selected base through heat treatment. Next, you need to grind these components to a fraction of 4-5 cm and mix. Carry out repeated heat treatment for two hours and wring out.

Actually, the substrate for growing oyster mushrooms is ready.

Selection and purchase of mycelium

For growing oyster mushrooms at home, it is best to use grain mycelium. It is very easy to sow, and it does not require additional processing.

When buying mycelium, pay attention to it appearance. The grains should be yellow with a slight orange tint. It is strictly forbidden to buy mycelium, on which dark spots are visible - this is the first evidence of the presence of mold. You can also determine the quality of planting material by smell, it should be fresh and smell like mushrooms. If you smell a slight smell of ammonia, then the mycelium was stored incorrectly and deteriorated.

Be sure to pay attention to the manufacturer's company, it is better if it is a well-known and large manufacturer in the seed market, read gardeners' reviews on the Internet. Do not buy a large amount of mycelium at once, take a trial batch. If the mycelium germinates without problems, forms good and healthy mycelium, you can buy a large batch.

If you want to make oyster mushroom mycelium yourself, then read this article.

Landing

Before proceeding with planting, the mycelium must be placed in a room where oyster mushrooms will grow for a day. This is done in order to equalize the temperature and the mycelium did not die from shock.

To grow oyster mushrooms in bags, it must first be disinfected or thermally treated. An effective treatment method is washing with a bleach solution.

The optimal volume of the bag should be at least 5 kg.

1. There is a layer-by-layer filling of the bag with the substrate and mycelium. For every 5 centimeters of substrate, there should be about 0.5 cm of mycelium. The top and bottom layers in the bag should be the substrate.
2. At the end of filling the mushroom block, the bag is tightly tied at the neck.
3. Then small holes are cut at a distance of 10 cm from each other, with a diameter of not more than 2 cm. The cuts are best done in a checkerboard pattern.

Attention! Planting mycelium and growing oyster mushrooms are carried out in separate rooms, as there is a high risk of infection of mycelium.

Video: how to perforate a mushroom block

Further care

In the period from planting to the formation of mycelium, temperature air in the room should be 18 ° C - 20 ° C. As soon as they are visible first mushroom formations, the temperature is lowered to 13 ° C - 15 ° C. This optimum temperature for growing all types of oyster mushrooms.

It is very important to support humidity air. It is strictly forbidden to water the substrate, as the mycelium begins to rot in wet soil. Even if the mycelium survives, all mushrooms will get sick, rot and dark spots will begin to appear on them. To achieve optimal humidity in the room, you can hang wet sheets or any other wet cloth. Open containers with water are left near the heaters, in this way the moisture evaporates faster and saturates the air.

Harvesting

The fruiting period of oyster mushrooms is only 30 - 35 days, which is a very short period. The thing is that these mushrooms have a very high frequency of fruiting: every 7 to 9 days. That is, already 9 days after planting the mycelium, you can harvest the first full-fledged crop.

Mushrooms are usually cut with a knife carefully so as not to damage the main root attached to the mycelium. When picking mushrooms, absolutely all the fruits cannot be cut from one mycelium. It is necessary to leave 2 - 3 of the smallest mushrooms on the stem, otherwise the mycelium may dry out and stop bearing fruit.

Video: how to harvest oyster mushrooms

Important! After the last crop of mushrooms is harvested, the substrate and bags must be disposed of. They are not reusable. The room is well cleaned, ventilated and disinfected. It will be possible to re-breed mushrooms only 2 weeks after all harvesting.

Video: oyster mushroom cultivation technology

Diseases and pests of oyster mushroom: control measures and precautions

It happens that during the fruiting period, mushrooms begin to hurt. The cause of such diseases can be a variety of factors. If all disinfection work has been carried out in the room, diseases should not disturb the crop.

The main number of fungal diseases lies in the substrate. As a rule, bacteria get along with wet and rotten straw.

Important! If you are not sure about the quality of the substrate, it subjected to heat treatment before planting mycelium. It is placed in a large container and poured with boiling water, after which it is boiled for 2 hours, then squeezed and dried.

In a damp substrate, the mushrooms begin to rot, the legs darken and become soft. Such a disease is called dark rot. If, nevertheless, she overtook the plantings, it is necessary to remove all diseased plants along with the substrate.

It is necessary to carefully monitor the condition of the mushrooms from the formation of the mycelium until the last fruiting. If one of the myceliums is infected, the entire bag will have to be thrown away, and this will significantly reduce crop growth.

Summarize. Based on all of the above, it can be understood that growing oyster mushrooms at home is a very simple, but time-consuming process. To do this, you will need to purchase special equipment, prepare the premises and fertile soil, and also purchase high-quality mycelium. Further, it all depends on your patience and diligence. With proper care, up to 9 kg of mushrooms can be collected from one bag. Growing oyster mushrooms is an excellent option for getting your first mushroom growing experience.

Video: how to grow oyster mushrooms at home

In contact with

For the cultivation of oyster mushrooms, any premises in which it will be possible to maintain the necessary microclimate and which meet certain requirements are suitable. These can be former bomb shelters, vegetable and fruit storages, wine cellars and greenhouses of power plants, mine tunnels and former poultry houses or cowsheds, special insulated hangars and semi-basements of industrial premises. It should be noted that oyster mushroom strains common today (primarily NK-35) do not bear fruit at temperatures above 25°C, so simple, cheap and heat-resistant greenhouses are used only for spring or autumn cultivation. Germination and fruiting can occur in the same or in different rooms.

If all the time after the inoculation the blocks are in the same room, then this is called cultivation according to single-zone technology, that is, the development of mycelium in the substrate and the fruiting of oyster mushrooms occurs in one zone. If the sprouting of mycelium takes place in one room, and fruiting in another, then this will be a multi-zone technology. Both technologies have their advantages and disadvantages. With single-zone technology, there is no need for an additional room for mushroom blocks, but in the same room it is necessary to be able to change the temperature, illumination, air humidity and CO 2 content in it. With multi-zone technology, it is enough to have one or more rooms for germination and several fruiting chambers.

For germination, large brick buildings are usually used. In winter, this can be especially useful, since the growth of oyster mushroom mycelium requires a higher temperature than for fruiting. She does not need light during this period and airing is usually not carried out. Since the growth of the mycelium releases a significant amount of heat, with optimally dense placement of blocks, it is possible to achieve significant savings in heating. Up to 200 kg of substrate are placed on each 1 m 2 of the floor, using minimal heating only in the first days of germination. At the same time, it is better to grow mycelium in a spacious, cool room, because if during germination we cannot maintain the temperature inside the blocks below 26 ° C, then the mycelium may die, becoming infected with mold.

Too large (more than 100 m 2 or even more than 200 m 2) rooms should be converted into smaller ones for two reasons. The first is hygienic, the second is the continuous supply of the market. Blocks of the same age are located in the same room, in extreme cases - with no more than a weekly difference. The floor of the premises should be concrete, brick or, in extreme cases, at least covered with sand or gravel. The ceilings are plastered and whitewashed or upholstered with insulation boards or frames covered with plastic sheeting. The walls are plastered and well whitened with lime.

Floor heating is now beginning to be used in the fruiting chambers. For these purposes, gas hot water boilers (60-100 kW) are used. Hot water circulates through rubber or plastic hoses placed in passages on the floor. Sometimes thin perforated hoses are attached to them, through which water slowly flows out and, heated from a hot water hose, evaporates. Thus, at the same time there is both heating and an increase in the humidity of the air in the room.

To maintain the desired level of air humidity, various equipment is used: it can also be the installation of an “artificial fog” system, consisting of a compressor that supplies compressed air to the nozzle to which water is supplied, and which carries out a fine spray - it’s like standing in a room fog; and aerosol generators manufactured by CJSC "Vent Tekhkom" in Moscow. Aerosol generators allow you to spray the liquid to the state of an aerosol (fog) with a dispersion of not more than 20 microns, maintain a humidity of 95%, reduce the temperature in hot weather by 4-6 ° C, reduce dust and bacterial contamination of the air. They do not require a compressed air supply and can operate automatically.

To create a more favorable microclimate, some mushroom producers use a "water wall". The water wall has an area of ​​about 6 m 2 - 2 m high, 3 m wide and about 30 cm thick. It consists of pressed cardboard with numerous cells creating a large surface. Near the wall there is a forward flow with water and a pump that pumps water to the top of the wall. Down the water flows down the cells of the cardboard and is again pumped up. An exhaust axial fan is installed on the opposite side of the chamber. When it is turned on, the air in the chamber passes through the water wall and is humidified. In addition, the air can be cooled or heated, depending on whether the pump supplies cold or hot water.

When the temperature of the water in the "water wall" is below the dew point temperature, strange as it sounds, the air is dehumidified. Produce a water wall complete with an exhaust fan in Italy. Fruiting chambers should be illuminated. If possible, use natural light (windows on the north side). For oyster mushrooms, 1/100 of the sunlight is enough. If it is not possible to use sunlight, tubular lamps of cold blue light (F-7), one lamp for every 15-20m 2, or any DRL are used. It is enough to provide illumination of 150 lux for 8-10 hours a day from the moment of formation of primordia.

Mushroom blocks are placed in cultivation rooms in different ways: they are placed in two tiers on top of each other, placed on the floor in four tiers, suspended, placed on racks of various designs. The author has developed and successfully uses racks that allow, at a low cost of metal structures, to successfully cultivate oyster mushroom. The design feature of these racks is that the blocks are mounted on pointed pins, which do not allow them to fall, but provide the ability to turn the blocks if necessary.
In cultivation rooms, special attention must be paid to maintaining an optimal microclimate, since even with minor production malfunctions or inattention service personnel mushrooms may lose their presentation.

In unheated greenhouses, oyster mushrooms can only be grown in spring and autumn. Greenhouses shade outside. For these purposes, use various materials, the cheapest is reed cover. If the greenhouses are not long - 10-15 meters, it will be enough if they are illuminated from both ends. Internal dimming is not suitable. Along the edges of the greenhouse, you can make large windows covered with mesh. It is more expedient to germinate bags in basements or brick rooms, and only 15-20 days after inoculation, the bags are transferred to film greenhouses for fruiting.

Depending on the type of substrate used, the quality of the seed mycelium, the microclimate and the accuracy of the technology, the production cycle for growing oyster mushrooms is 8-10 weeks - this is the time that passes from the introduction of the mycelium to the removal of the fruit-bearing blocks. It should be noted that an overly extended cycle, in addition to reducing the intensity of use of the usable area of ​​the premises, contributes to the accumulation and development of pests and diseases of oyster mushrooms.

The main harvest of oyster mushrooms falls on its first and second fruiting. Therefore, most producers are limited to the collection of two crops and an eight-week technological cycle. In large-scale production, given that the blocks are overgrown with oyster mushroom mycelium lasts 2-3 weeks, 1-2 weeks after the blocks are transferred to the fruiting chambers, the formation of the rudiments of fruiting bodies occurs, the first fruiting lasts 1 week and the second comes in two weeks, it is advisable to carry out an eight-week cultural turnover. To do this, you will need two growing rooms, six fruiting chambers, and, of course, a substrate preparation and mycelization chamber with a capacity that allows for 2-3 days, a maximum of a week, to provide the producer with substrate blocks in an amount sufficient to fill one of the fruiting chambers.

Ecological situation around major cities does not always contribute to the collection of forest mushrooms. In terms of industrial emissions large enterprises, near motorways even edible mushrooms accumulate so many toxins that they become poisonous. In this case, it is much safer to consume cultivated mushrooms. Most often, champignons and oyster mushrooms are grown for these purposes.

In addition to personal needs, you can organize small-scale production of oyster mushrooms for sale to the population. If growing oyster mushrooms turns out to be a profitable business, then over time they can be cultivated on an industrial scale. It remains to find out what these mushrooms are good for, how to choose a room for growing oyster mushrooms.

Oyster mushrooms, description, benefits

In nature, several types of oyster mushrooms grow, which are included in the genus Oyster mushrooms from the Oyster mushroom family. Almost all oyster mushrooms live on weakened deciduous trees or their dead remains. In nature, oyster mushroom fruit bodies appear from May to October. The mushroom tolerates low temperatures well, so it gives the largest harvest in September or October.

This article has helped many gardeners stop overworking on their plot and at the same time get a generous harvest.

I would never have thought that in order to get the best harvest on my personal plot in my entire “dacha career”, I just need to stop overworking myself in the beds and trust nature. For as long as I can remember, every summer I spent in the country. First on the parent, and then my husband and I bought our own. WITH early spring and before late autumn All free time spent on planting, weeding, tying, pruning, watering, harvesting and, finally, conservation and attempts to keep the crop up to next year. And so in a circle...

For cultivation in artificial conditions, oyster mushroom is most often used. The fruit body of the oyster mushroom is quite large. Hats are most often shaped like an ear. The cap size is from 5 to 15 cm. It is preferable to eat young fruiting bodies with a cap size of up to 7 cm. In adult fruiting bodies, the caps take the form of a funnel.

Growing oyster mushrooms in the basement in bags photo

The color of the hats varies from light gray to dark gray with a purple tint. The legs are white, curved, very often have a common base. Sometimes up to 30 fruiting bodies can form on this basis. The older the mushroom, the stiffer the leg; when preparing oyster mushrooms, such legs are removed.

Nutritional value of oyster mushroom

The nutritional value of oyster mushrooms deserves attention, since these mushrooms have a high protein content, up to 25%. In terms of its quantity and content of essential amino acids, oyster mushrooms are second only to peas and soybeans. After heat treatment of the fruiting bodies, the proteins of this fungus are absorbed by the body by 70%, which is comparable to the absorption of bread proteins from rye flour.

Oyster mushrooms are a source of vitamins, minerals, statins and other beneficial compounds. For year-round cultivation of oyster mushrooms in an intensive way, you need:

• suitable premises
• substrate
• mycelium
• bags or other containers
• auxiliary equipment

The room must be equipped with a water supply system. Humidity in it is best maintained at 90% with the help of special fogging units. Another requirement for the premises for harvesting oyster mushrooms refers to disinfection.

Processing the room for oyster mushrooms

All parts of the room should be reasonably easy to disinfect. Based on all the requirements for the premises, it must be concluded that at the first stage of organizing the production of oyster mushrooms, some material costs will be required to purchase the necessary equipment.

For growing oyster mushrooms, you can adapt any room - aboveground or underground. These can be former cowsheds, basements, hangars of industrial premises, vegetable and fruit storages, garages and the like.

The main requirement for the room is the ability to create an optimal temperature regime, the presence of good ventilation and illumination.

It should be remembered that oyster mushroom is a natural destroyer of dead wood. Therefore, wooden structures are at risk of destruction.

The floor inside the room for growing oyster mushrooms should be concrete or brick. You can fill it with sand or gravel.

The walls and ceiling are plastered and well whitewashed with lime. The ceiling can be upholstered with insulation plates or frames covered with plastic wrap. The size of the room for growing oyster mushrooms depends on how much oyster mushrooms you are going to produce.

Even a living room is suitable for a small production.

To do this, you only need to slightly prepare it - take out all the furniture from it, plaster the ceiling and walls, and the floor can be covered with plastic wrap.

With good ventilation, the mushroom smell is almost not felt. On average, you can get from 10 to 30 kg of mushrooms per square meter.

Large rooms (over 1000 m3) should be divided into smaller ones.

This must be done firstly for hygienic reasons - rooms that are too large are difficult to keep clean, and it is also difficult to control pests.

Secondly, for reasons of continuous supply of the market - beds with mushrooms of the same age are located in the same room.

The room temperature depends on the stage of oyster mushroom cultivation. During the incubation period, the optimum temperature is within 20-25°C, during the fruiting period - 15-20°C.

INDOOR EQUIPMENT FOR GROWING Oyster mushrooms

The room for growing oyster mushrooms should be well ventilated. Unlike green plants, fungi consume oxygen and release carbon dioxide. During the incubation period, ventilation is performed less often or not at all.

During the fruiting period, oyster mushroom actively releases carbon dioxide, so the room requires regular ventilation.

Ventilation can be either artificial or natural. IN small spaces ventilation can be done using household fans.

Oyster mushroom cultivation can be carried out according to a single-zone or multi-zone scheme. If the sprouting of mycelium and fruiting is carried out in the same room, then this is a single-zone scheme, if in different (in different zones), then this is a multi-zone scheme.

Both technologies have their advantages and disadvantages. The single-zone scheme is used where it is possible to change the temperature during the germination period and during the fruiting period.

In cold weather, the room requires heating. For this, various methods can be used.

The simplest of them is stove heating.

On large mushroom farms, large brick buildings are used for germination.

Since a large amount of heat is released during the growth of the mycelium, minimal heating is used to maintain the desired temperature.

In the fruiting chambers, underfloor water heating is used.

For this, hot water boilers with a capacity of 60-100 kW are used. Hot water circulates through rubber or plastic hoses located on the floor.

Humidity in the room for growing oyster mushrooms should be maintained at 90-95%.

With small production volumes, the required humidity can be maintained with a conventional household pulverizer.

In large-scale production, special installations are used, for example, an installation for creating artificial fog - a fogger.

Lighting of the room during the incubation period is not necessary.

During the fruiting period, the required level of illumination is maintained with the help of natural light through the windows.

In the underground premises, artificial lighting is used at the rate of approximately one 100-watt light bulb per 20 square meters. In this case, lighting is carried out for 8-9 hours a day.

Oyster mushroom, unlike green plants, is undemanding to lighting.