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Composition “Can a good person be “superfluous”? (2). Composition: Oblomov and “extra people Is Oblomov an extra person

Plan.

Extra people gallery

Attributes of "superfluous people" The origins of the "Oblomovism"

Real-fabulous life

Possible happiness and Olga Ilinskaya

Conclusion. Who is to blame for the "Oblomovism"?

Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" continues the gallery of works in which heroes are superfluous for the whole world and for themselves, but not superfluous for the passions boiling in their souls. Oblomov, the protagonist of the novel, following Onegin and Pechorin, goes through the same thorny path disappointments in life, trying to change something in the world, trying to love, make friends, maintain relationships with acquaintances, but he does not succeed in all this. Just as life did not work out for Lermontov and Pushkin's heroes. And the main characters of all these three works, "Eugene Onegin", "A Hero of Our Time" and "Oblomov", are also similar - pure and bright creatures who could not stay with their beloved. Perhaps a certain type of man attracts a certain type of woman? But why then, such worthless men attract such beautiful women? And, in general, what are the reasons for their worthlessness, were they really born like that, or is it a noble upbringing, or is time to blame for everything? We will also try, using the example of Oblomov, to understand the essence of the problem of “extra people” and try to answer the questions posed.

With the development of the history of "extra people" in literature, a kind of paraphernalia, or things, objects that must be present in each such "extra" character, has developed. Oblomov has all these accessories: a dressing gown, a dusty sofa and an old servant, without whose help he seemed to die. Maybe that's why Oblomov does not go abroad, because there are only "girls" in the servants who do not know how to properly remove the boots from the master. But where did all this come from? It seems that the reason must first of all be sought in the childhood of Ilya Ilyich, in that pampered life that the landowners of that time led and in that inertia that was instilled from childhood: , with strict confirmation to the nanny not to leave the child alone, not to allow him to horses, to dogs, to a goat, not to go far from home, and most importantly, not to let him into the ravine, as the most terrible place in the neighborhood, which had a bad reputation. And, having become an adult, Oblomov also does not allow himself either to horses, or to people, or to the whole world. Why it is in childhood that it is necessary to look for the roots of such a phenomenon as “Oblomovism” is clearly seen when comparing Oblomov with his childhood friend Andrei Stolz. They are of the same age, and of the same social status, but as two different planets colliding in space. Of course, this can only be explained German origin Stolz, however, how then to be with Olga Ilyinskaya, a Russian young lady who, in her twenty years, was much more purposeful than Oblomov. And the point here is not even age (Oblomov at the time of the events was about 30 years old), but again in education. Olga grew up in her aunt's house, not restrained by either the strict instructions of her elders or the constant caress, and she learned everything herself. Therefore, she has such an inquisitive mind and a desire to live and act. After all, in childhood there was no one who would take care of her, hence the sense of responsibility and inner rod, which does not allow to deviate from its principles and way of life. Oblomov, on the other hand, was raised by the women of his family, and this is not his fault, but somewhere his mother's fault, her so-called selfishness towards her child, a life filled with illusions, goblin and brownies, and maybe that was all society, in these domostroevskie times. “Although later the adult Ilya Ilyich finds out that there are no rivers of honey and milk, there are no good sorceresses, although he jokes with a smile over the tales of his nanny, but this smile is not sincere, it is accompanied by a secret sigh: his fairy tale is mixed with life, and he sometimes unconsciously sad, why is a fairy tale not life, and life is not a fairy tale.

Oblomov remained to live in the fairy tales told by the nanny, and could not plunge into real life, because real life, for the most part it is black and gone, and people living in fairy tales have no place in it, because in real life everything happens out of nowhere magic wand but only through human will. Stolz says the same thing to Oblomov, but he is so blind and deaf, so captured by petty passions raging in his soul that sometimes he does not even understand his own best friend: “Well, brother Andrei, you are the same! There was one sensible person, and he went crazy. Who travels to America and Egypt! Englishmen: so they are so arranged by the Lord God; and they have nowhere to live at home. And who will go with us? Is it some desperate person who does not care about life. But even Oblomov himself does not care about life. And he is too lazy to live. And it seems that only love, a great and bright feeling, can revive him. But we know that this did not happen, although Oblomov tried very hard.

At the beginning of the birth of relations between Oblomov and Olga Ilyinskaya, the hope is also born in us that “happiness is possible”, and, indeed, Ilya Ilyich is simply transformed. We see him in the bosom of nature, in the country, away from the dusty bustle of the capital, and from the dusty sofa. He is almost like a child, and this village reminds us so much of Oblomovka, when the mind of Ilya Ilyich was still childish and inquisitive, and when the infection of the Russian spleen had not yet had time to creep into his body and soul. Probably in Olga he found his early dead mother and just as unquestioningly began to obey her, and was also happy that she took patronage over him, because he himself had not learned to manage his life. But love for Olga is another fairy tale, this time invented by him, although he wholeheartedly believes in it. The “superfluous person” is not able to cultivate this feeling, because it is also superfluous for him, just as he is superfluous for the whole world. However, Oblomov does not lie, confessing his love to Olga, because Olga is indeed a “fairy tale” character, because only a fairy from a fairy tale can fall in love with a person like him. How many wrong things Oblomov does - this is a letter he invented at night, this is a constant fear that they will gossip about them, this is an endlessly protracted affair with the arrangement of the wedding. Circumstances are always higher than Oblomov, and a person who is unable to manage them will certainly slide into the abyss of misunderstanding, despondency and blues. But Olga patiently waits for him, her patience can only be envied, and, finally, Oblomov himself decides to break off relations. The reason is very stupid and not worth it, but such is Oblomov. And this is probably the only act in his life that he could decide on, but the act is stupid and ridiculous: “Who cursed you, Ilya? What did you do? You are kind, smart, gentle, noble... and... you are dying! What ruined you? There is no name for this evil... - There is, - he said in a barely audible voice. She looked at him questioningly, her eyes full of tears. - Oblomovism! This is how one phenomenon ruined the whole life of a person! However, do not forget that it was he, this man, who gave rise to this phenomenon. It did not grow out of nowhere, it was not brought in like a disease, it was carefully cultivated, groomed and cherished in the soul of our hero, and took such strong roots that it is already impossible to pull it out. And when instead of a person we see only this phenomenon, wrapped in an outer shell, then such a person really becomes “superfluous” or ceases to exist altogether. This is how Oblomov quietly dies in the house of the widow Pshenitsyna, the same phenomenon instead of a person.

I would like to think that, nevertheless, society is to blame for such a weak-willed existence of Oblomov, because he lives in a quiet and calm time, free from upheavals, uprisings and wars. Maybe his soul is just calm, because there is no need to fight, worry about the fate of the people, his safety, the safety of his family. At such a time, many people are simply born, live and die, just like in Oblomovka, because time does not require feats from them. But we can say with confidence that if the danger had arisen, Oblomov would not have gone to the barricades under any circumstances. Therein lies his tragedy. And how then to be with Stolz, he is also a contemporary of Oblomov and lives with him in the same country, and in the same city, however, his whole life is like little feat. No, Oblomov himself is to blame, and this makes it even worse, because in fact he good man.

But such is the fate of all "superfluous" people. Unfortunately, it is not enough to just be a good person, you also need to fight and prove it, which Oblomov, unfortunately, could not do. But he became an example for people then and today, an example of who you can become if you are not able not only to manage the events of life, but also yourself. They are “superfluous”, these people, they have no place in life, because it is cruel and merciless, first of all, to the weak and infirm, and because one must always fight for a place in this life!

Bibliography

For the preparation of this work, materials from the site http://www.easyschool.ru/ were used.

Tags: Oblomov and "extra people" Essay Literature

The main character of the novel by I. A. Goncharov is Ilya Ilyich Oblomov - a kind, gentle, kind-hearted person who is able to experience a feeling of love and friendship, but unable to step over himself - get up from the couch, do some activity and even settle his own affairs. But if at the beginning of the novel Oblomov appears before us as a couch potato, then with each new page we penetrate more and more into the soul of the hero - bright and pure.

In the first chapter, we meet with insignificant people - acquaintances of Ilya Ilyich, who surround him in St. Petersburg, busy with fruitless fuss, creating the appearance of action. In contact with these people, the essence of Oblomov is revealed more and more. We see that Ilya Ilyich has such important quality which few have as conscience. With each line, the reader comes to know the wonderful soul of Oblomov, and this is precisely what Ilya Ilyich stands out from the crowd of worthless, prudent, heartless people, concerned only with his person: “The soul shone so openly and easily in his eyes, in a smile, in every movement of his head, his hands” .

Having excellent internal qualities, Oblomov is also educated and smart. He knows what is true values life - not money, not wealth, but high spiritual qualities, flight of feelings.

So why is such a smart and educated person not willing to work? The answer is simple: Ilya Ilyich, just like Onegin, Pechorin, Rudin, does not see the meaning and purpose of such work, such a life. He doesn't want to work like that. “This unresolved question, this unsatisfied doubt exhausts the forces, destroys activity; a person drops his hands, and he gives up work, not seeing a goal for him, ”wrote Pisarev.

Goncharov does not introduce a single superfluous person into the novel - all the characters, with each step, reveal Oblomov more and more to us. The author introduces us to Stolz - at first glance, perfect hero. He is hardworking, prudent, practical, punctual, he himself managed to make his way in life, amassed capital, earned respect and recognition in society. Why does he need all this? What good did his work bring? What is their purpose?

Stolz's task is to settle down in life, that is, to gain sufficient means of subsistence, family status, rank, and, having achieved all this, he stops, the hero does not continue his development, he is content with what he already has. Is it possible to call such a person ideal? Oblomov cannot live for the sake of material well-being, he must constantly develop, improve his inner world, and in this it is impossible to reach the limit, because the soul in its development knows no boundaries. It is in this that Oblomov surpasses Stolz.

But the main storyline in the novel are the relationship between Oblomov and Olga Ilyinskaya. It is here that the hero is revealed to us with better side, his most cherished corners of the soul are opened. Olga awakens in the soul of Ilya Ilyich best qualities, but they do not live in Oblomov for long: Olga Ilyinskaya and Ilya Ilyich Oblomov were too different. She is characterized by the harmony of mind and heart, will, which the hero is not able to understand and accept. Olga is full life energy, she strives for high - art and awakens the same feelings in Ilya Ilyich, but he is so far from her way of life that he soon changes romantic walks again to a soft sofa and a warm bathrobe. It would seem that what Oblomov lacks, why shouldn't he marry Olga, who accepted his proposal. But no. He doesn't act like everyone else. Oblomov decides to break off relations with Olga for her own good; he acts like many familiar characters: Pechorin, Onegin, Rudin. They all leave the women they love, not wanting to hurt them. “In relation to women, all Oblomovites behave in the same shameful way. They don’t know how to love at all and don’t know what to look for in love, just like in life in general ... ”, Dobrolyubov writes in his article“ What is Oblomovism?

Ilya Ilyich decides to stay with Agafya Matveevna, for whom he also has feelings, but completely different than for Olga. For him, Agafya Matveevna was closer, “in her ever-moving elbows, in her carefully stopping eyes, in her eternal walking from the kitchen to the pantry.” Ilya Ilyich lives in a cozy, comfortable house, where life has always been in the first place, and the beloved woman would be a continuation of the hero himself. It would seem that the hero lives and lives happily ever after. No, such a life in Pshenitsyna's house was not normal, long, healthy, on the contrary, it accelerated Oblomov's transition from sleeping on the couch to eternal sleep - death.

Reading the novel, one involuntarily asks the question: why is everyone so drawn to Oblomov? It is obvious that each of the heroes finds in him a piece of goodness, purity, revelation - all that people lack so much. Everyone, starting with Volkov and ending with Agafya Matveevna, searched for and, most importantly, found what was necessary for themselves, for their hearts and souls. But nowhere was Oblomov his own, there was no such person who would truly make the hero happy. And the problem lies not in the people around him, but in himself.

Goncharov in his novel showed different types people, they all passed in front of Oblomov. The author showed us that Ilya Ilyich has no place in this life, just like Onegin, Pechorin.

Plan.

Extra people gallery

Attributes of "superfluous people" The origins of the "Oblomovism"

Real-fabulous life

Possible happiness and Olga Ilinskaya

Conclusion. Who is to blame for the "Oblomovism"?

Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" continues the gallery of works in which heroes are superfluous for the whole world and for themselves, but not superfluous for the passions boiling in their souls. Oblomov, the protagonist of the novel, following Onegin and Pechorin, goes through the same thorny path of life's disappointments, tries to change something in the world, tries to love, make friends, maintain relationships with acquaintances, but he does not succeed in all this. In the same way as the life of Lermontov and Pushkin's heroes did not work out. And the main characters of all these three works, "Eugene Onegin", "A Hero of Our Time" and "Oblomov", are also similar - pure and bright creatures who could not stay with their beloved. Perhaps a certain type of man attracts a certain type of woman? But why then, such worthless men attract such beautiful women? And, in general, what are the reasons for their worthlessness, were they really born like that, or is it a noble upbringing, or is time to blame for everything? We will also try, using the example of Oblomov, to understand the essence of the problem of “extra people” and try to answer the questions posed.

With the development of the history of "extra people" in literature, a kind of paraphernalia, or things, objects that must be present in each such "extra" character, has developed. Oblomov has all these accessories: a dressing gown, a dusty sofa and an old servant, without whose help he seemed to die. Maybe that's why Oblomov does not go abroad, because there are only "girls" in the servants who do not know how to properly remove the boots from the master. But where did all this come from? It seems that the reason must first of all be sought in the childhood of Ilya Ilyich, in that pampered life that the landowners of that time led and in that inertia that was instilled from childhood: , with strict confirmation to the nanny not to leave the child alone, not to allow him to horses, to dogs, to a goat, not to go far from home, and most importantly, not to let him into the ravine, as the most terrible place in the neighborhood, which had a bad reputation. And, having become an adult, Oblomov also does not allow himself either to horses, or to people, or to the whole world. Why it is in childhood that it is necessary to look for the roots of such a phenomenon as “Oblomovism” is clearly seen when comparing Oblomov with his childhood friend Andrei Stolz. They are of the same age, and of the same social status, but like two different planets colliding in space. Of course, all this can be explained only by the German origin of Stolz, however, what then to be with Olga Ilyinskaya, a Russian young lady who, at her twenty years old, was much more purposeful than Oblomov. And the point here is not even age (Oblomov at the time of the events was about 30 years old), but again in education. Olga grew up in her aunt's house, not restrained by either the strict instructions of her elders or the constant caress, and she learned everything herself. Therefore, she has such an inquisitive mind and a desire to live and act. Indeed, in childhood there was no one who would take care of her, hence the sense of responsibility and the inner core that does not allow to deviate from her principles and way of life. Oblomov, on the other hand, was raised by the women of his family, and this is not his fault, but somewhere his mother's fault, her so-called selfishness towards her child, a life filled with illusions, goblin and brownies, and maybe that was all society, in these domostroevskie times. “Although later the adult Ilya Ilyich finds out that there are no rivers of honey and milk, there are no good sorceresses, although he jokes with a smile over the tales of his nanny, but this smile is not sincere, it is accompanied by a secret sigh: his fairy tale is mixed with life, and he sometimes unconsciously sad, why is a fairy tale not life, and life is not a fairy tale.

Oblomov remained to live in the fairy tales told by the nanny, and could not plunge into real life, because real life, for the most part, is black and gone, and people living in fairy tales have no place in it, because in In real life, everything happens not by a wave of a magic wand, but only thanks to the human will. Stolz says the same thing to Oblomov, but he is so blind and deaf, so captured by petty passions raging in his soul, that sometimes he does not even understand his best friend: “Well, brother Andrei, you are the same! There was one sensible person, and he went crazy. Who travels to America and Egypt! Englishmen: so they are so arranged by the Lord God; and they have nowhere to live at home. And who will go with us? Is it some desperate person who does not care about life. But even Oblomov himself does not care about life. And he is too lazy to live. And it seems that only love, a great and bright feeling, can revive him. But we know that this did not happen, although Oblomov tried very hard.

At the beginning of the birth of relations between Oblomov and Olga Ilyinskaya, the hope is also born in us that “happiness is possible”, and, indeed, Ilya Ilyich is simply transformed. We see him in the bosom of nature, in the country, away from the dusty bustle of the capital, and from the dusty sofa. He is almost like a child, and this village reminds us so much of Oblomovka, when the mind of Ilya Ilyich was still childish and inquisitive, and when the infection of the Russian spleen had not yet had time to creep into his body and soul. Probably, in Olga, he found his mother who died early and just as unquestioningly began to obey her, and was also happy that he took patronage over him, because he himself had not learned to manage his life. But love for Olga is another fairy tale, this time invented by him, although he wholeheartedly believes in it. The “superfluous person” is not able to cultivate this feeling, because it is also superfluous for him, just as he is superfluous for the whole world. However, Oblomov does not lie, confessing his love to Olga, because Olga is indeed a “fairy tale” character, because only a fairy from a fairy tale can fall in love with a person like him. How many wrong things Oblomov does - this is a letter he invented at night, this is a constant fear that they will gossip about them, this is an endlessly protracted affair with the arrangement of the wedding. Circumstances are always higher than Oblomov, and a person who is unable to manage them will certainly slide into the abyss of misunderstanding, despondency and blues. But Olga patiently waits for him, her patience can only be envied, and, finally, Oblomov himself decides to break off relations. The reason is very stupid and not worth it, but such is Oblomov. And this is probably the only act in his life that he could decide on, but the act is stupid and ridiculous: “Who cursed you, Ilya? What did you do? You are kind, smart, gentle, noble... and... you are dying! What ruined you? There is no name for this evil... - There is, - he said in a barely audible voice. She looked at him questioningly, her eyes full of tears. - Oblomovism! This is how one phenomenon ruined the whole life of a person! However, do not forget that it was he, this man, who gave rise to this phenomenon. It did not grow out of nowhere, it was not brought in like a disease, it was carefully cultivated, groomed and cherished in the soul of our hero, and took such strong roots that it is already impossible to pull it out. And when instead of a person we see only this phenomenon, wrapped in an outer shell, then such a person really becomes “superfluous” or ceases to exist altogether. This is how Oblomov quietly dies in the house of the widow Pshenitsyna, the same phenomenon instead of a person.

I would like to think that, nevertheless, society is to blame for such a weak-willed existence of Oblomov, because he lives in a quiet and calm time, free from upheavals, uprisings and wars. Maybe his soul is just calm, because there is no need to fight, worry about the fate of the people, his safety, the safety of his family. At such a time, many people are simply born, live and die, just like in Oblomovka, because time does not require feats from them. But we can say with confidence that if the danger had arisen, Oblomov would not have gone to the barricades under any circumstances. Therein lies his tragedy. And how then to be with Stolz, he is also a contemporary of Oblomov and lives with him in the same country, and in the same city, however, his whole life is like a small feat. No, Oblomov himself is to blame, and this makes it even worse, because in fact he is a good person.

Sections: Literature

As long as at least one Russian remains - until then
Oblomov will be remembered.
I.S. Turgenev.

The history of the human soul is perhaps more curious
and no more useful than the history of a whole people.
M.Yu. Lermontov.

Among the works of I.A. Goncharov: “The frigate “Pallada”, “Cliff”, “Ordinary history” - novel "Oblomov" occupies a special place, he is the most famous. The work was written in 1859, a few years before the abolition of serfdom, so the story of the hero reflects the conflict caused by the fact that the nobility ceased to be an advanced class and lost significant place in social development. A feature of the novel is that I. Goncharov for the first time in Russian literature examined the life of a person “from the cradle to the grave”. His life, he himself is the main theme of the work, therefore it is called “Oblomov”, although in the history of Russian literature not many works are called by name Main character. His surname belongs to the category of “speaking”, because he “ childbirth decrepit chip”, the name Ilya reminds us of an epic hero who lay on the stove until the age of 33, but we know that then Ilya Muromets did so many good deeds that he is still alive in people's memory. And our hero never got up from the sofa (when we meet Oblomov, he is 32-33 years old, but nothing changes in his life). In addition, the author used the technique of repeating the name and patronymic: Ilya Ilyich. This emphasizes that the son repeats the fate of his father, life goes according to routine.

As soon as the novel by I.A. Goncharov was published, Russian critics recorded his hero in the category of “superfluous” people, where Chatsky, Onegin, Pechorin were already “listed”. Literature XIX century, she described, mainly, the fate of the losers, obviously, there were not so many of them among the nobles, it was surprising, and they wrote about it. Russian writers of the 19th century tried to understand how, with everything ready (at a time when the heroes of Western literature build their lives as a struggle for survival, for material well-being), Russian heroes - nobles turned out to be losers and at the same time were very rich people, for example, Onegin - " heir to all his relatives". Or, in fact, money can not buy happiness"? Russian heroes and Russian works are still of interest, foreign readers, including schoolchildren, are trying to understand them. And what is interesting for our tenth graders? At the end of the year, a survey was conducted on which of the books read seemed the most interesting. Most of the tenth graders called Goncharov's novel "Oblomov", and according to the program it is studied in an overview, over several lessons.

What can be interesting in a couch potato? When the name Ilya Oblomov is pronounced, significant additions appear in the imagination: a sofa and a dressing gown, which, like a slave, obeyed the movement of the body. Let's take a look at the facial features of his hero, following the author. “ It was a man ... of a pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, walking carelessly along the walls, along the ceiling, with that indefinite thoughtfulness that shows that nothing occupies him, nothing disturbs him. From the face, carelessness passed into the poses of the whole body, even into the folds of the dressing gown…Color Ilya Ilyich’s face was neither ruddy, nor swarthy, nor positively pale, but indifferent ... If a cloud of concern came over his face from the soul, his eyes were foggy ... ” But in the whole appearance of Oblomov, the “soul shone” openly and clearly. This bright soul wins the hearts of two women: Olga Ilyinskaya and Agafya Matveevna Pshenitsyna. The light of his soul also attracts Andrey Stolz, who, having traveled around Europe, specially comes to sit on Oblomov's wide sofa and calm his soul in conversation with him. There has not yet been a hero in Russian literature who does not get up from the sofa for eleven chapters. Only the arrival of Stolz raises him to his feet.

In the first chapters, the author introduces us to Oblomov's visitors, we see that our hero has many guests. Volkov ran in to show off a new tailcoat and a new love, he rejoiced in both, and it’s hard to say what more, he has scheduled visits all day, among the visits is a visit to Oblomov. Sudbinsky, former colleague, comes to brag about a promotion (“ I'm having lunch at the Lieutenant Governor's”), an early profitable marriage. Penkin asks to go for a walk with him, because. he needs to write an article about the walk, “ together we will observe, whatever I noticed, you would tell me". Alekseev and Tarantiev - “ two the most diligent visitor to Oblomov"- went to him" drink, eat, smoke good cigars". It is no coincidence that the author describes Oblomov's guests in the second chapter, immediately after he introduced the reader to the main character and his servant. He compares the hero with his acquaintances, and it seems that the author's sympathies are on the side of Ilya Oblomov: he is better than the guests in his human qualities, he is generous, condescending, sincere. And the fact that he does not serve in a state institution, I.A. Goncharov explains that his hero does not need to earn his daily bread: “ he has Zakhar and another three hundred Zakharov”.

The author finds in his hero a lot of strange, repulsive things, but for some reason it is difficult to agree with the opinion of critics that Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is an “extra” person. How can someone who is loved by everyone around be “superfluous”? Olga Ilyinskaya, after the death of Oblomov, will plant a lilac on his grave as a sign that she remembers him. The inconsolable Agafya Matveevna often comes to his grave. His son Andrei and Stolz remember him. Why did they all love Oblomov? And was there anything to love him for? The author calls the hero's soul light. This epithet occurs again in the novel in the description of Oblomovka, where a bright river flowed. Maybe the bright river of childhood endowed his soul with warmth, radiance? What love the lines dedicated to childhood memories breathe. We see, " how the sky clings to the earth, embracing it with love”, “rain is like tears of a suddenly overjoyed person”. In Oblomov himself, tears evoke memories of his mother. He is sensitive, kind, intelligent, but completely unsuited to life, he cannot manage the estate, he can be easily deceived. “Why am I like this?” The hero himself suffers. And finds the answer that everything is to blame " Oblomovism." With this word, Ilya Ilyich calls passivity, the inability to manage the peasants, the inability to calculate the income from the estate. A sofa and a bathrobe are also symbols “ Oblomovism". A. Stolz speaks very clearly about this: “ Started from inability to put on stockings, and ended in the inability to live. Why did he change so much, because in childhood he only waited for the hour when the whole village fell asleep in the afternoon nap, and he “ was as if alone in the whole world”, “he was looking forward to this moment, from which it started independent life ". How does the hero himself explain the reluctance take an active part in life? “Life: good life! What is there to look for? All these are dead people, sleeping people, these members of the world and society are worse than me. What drives them in life? Here they do not lie, but scurry every day, like flies, back and forth, but what's the point? Don't they sleep sitting up all their lives? Why am I more guilty than them, lying at my place? What about our youth? Doesn't he sleep, walking, driving along the Nevsky, dancing?

A very interesting statement by M.M. Prishvin about Oblomov: "... his peace is fraught with a request for the highest value, for such an activity, because of which it would be worth losing peace."

Chatsky, Onegin, Pechorin, Oblomov are images of talented, bright, smart people, but their fate is tragic, and this brings them together. For some reason, at turning points in their lives, it is precisely such people that turn out to be unnecessary to society, it kind of “squeezes out” them, does not need their intelligence, talent, they have no place in society.

Modern life confirms what was once noticed by A. Griboedov, A. Pushkin, M. Lermontov, I. Goncharov. And it’s not their fault that the critics called the heroes invented by them “superfluous” people.

The study of the novel by I.A. Goncharov in the 10th grade is natural, because. at this time, the teenager faces the problem of choosing a life path.

Literature lesson summary in grade 10

Characteristics of the main character and the definition of methods for creating an image

(exposure analysis)

Lesson Objectives:

Cognitive: make a characterization of the hero; follow the methods of creating an image; means of expression, with which the image is created; highlight the elements of the plot on the example of the first chapter of the novel.
Developing: compare the descriptions in the first chapter of the novel with the paintings of the Flemish artists of the early 17th century (development of figurative thinking).
Educational: emphasize national traits in the image of the main character, paying attention to their typicality and relevance.

During the classes

1. Repetition.

Recall what the characterization of the hero includes (indirect and direct).

2. Reading and analysis of the first chapter of the novel "Oblomov".

Extracts, their systematization.

- What can be noted in the first chapter?

- The craftsmanship of the author. Read the first sentence of the first chapter: In Gorokhovaya Street, in one of the big houses, the population of which would be a whole county town, lying in bed in the morning, in his apartment, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov.

The first sentence contains seven pieces of information:

Gorokhovaya street
in one of the big houses
a population that would be enough for an entire county town
in the morning
in bed
in your apartment
lay I.I. Oblomov

In the second sentence, the author indicates Oblomov's age: "a man of about thirty-two or three years old." Is it random or not? At thirty-three, Jesus began to serve people, sacrificed himself, “thirty years and three years” Ilya Muromets sat on the stove, but then he did so many good deeds and feats that he is still remembered. But what about Oblomov?

Hero portrait.

The author himself gives a description of the portrait of his hero, he does not trust anyone's eyes. The portrait uses a lot of expressive means. These are unexpected epithets: complexion indifferent, indefinite thoughtfulness, cold Human. These are personifications: with eyes, walking carelessly along the walls; off the face carelessness passed in postures of the whole body; neither fatigue nor boredom could not not for a minute drive away face softness. The author used metaphors for the portrait of his hero: cloud of care, began game of doubt. The transfer of natural phenomena to humans was also used: a look foggy.

What stands out in the description of the appearance? “How did Oblomov's home suit go to to his calm features and to his pampered body! He was wearing a dressing gown, a real oriental dressing gown... which, like an obedient slave, submits to the slightest movement of the body... it was long, soft and wide; when, without looking, he lowered his legs from the bed to the floor, then surely hit them right away". Ilya Ilyich Oblomov loved space and freedom”.

Let's look at the interior. The question immediately arises: why did the same room serve as a bedroom, an office, and a reception room?

Not to clean up.
The hero practically does not move.
We can take a good look at it.

What was in the room?

Redwood Bureau.
Two sofas, the back of one sofa settled down.
Beautiful screens with embroidered birds and fruits unprecedented in nature.
Silk curtains, carpets, a few paintings, bronzes, porcelain, and many beautiful little things.
Ungraceful mahogany chairs, wobbly bookcases.

“The owner himself, however, looked at the decoration of his office so coldly and absent-mindedly, as if asking with his eyes: “Who brought all this here?”

One feature is striking in the interior: it is very detailed description, there are a lot of details here. Goncharov called himself a draftsman. V.G. Belinsky noted: "He is fond of his ability to draw." A.V. Druzhinin writes: “Like the Flemings, Goncharov is national, poetic in the smallest details, like them, he puts before our eyes the whole life of this era and this society.”

What is common between the descriptions of Goncharov and the still lifes of Dutch artists? – Drawn even the smallest details.
Why can you compare them? – Each piece is expertly crafted.

Confirmation of this can be found in the text of the first chapter - “ silk curtains”, drawing on the fabric “with embroidered birds and fruits unprecedented in nature”; "on the table ... a plate with a salt shaker and a gnawed bone and bread crumbs."

I.A. When describing, Goncharov uses many details, achieving the plausibility of the picture.

Hero's actions.

He wants to get up, wash himself - he will have time after tea, tea can be drunk in bed, nothing prevents him from thinking while lying down.
He got up and almost stood up, and even began to lower one leg from the bed, but immediately picked it up.
A quarter of an hour has passed - well, it's full to lie down, it's time to get up.
"I'll read the letter, then I'll get up."
"It's already eleven o'clock and I haven't gotten up yet."
He rolled onto his back.
Call. He lies down, looking at the door with curiosity.

What is special about Oblomov's behavior?- Thought - extinction, desire - extinction.

Attitude to life.

If you think that Oblomov does not know how to radically change your life, then you are deeply mistaken. Here is his reasoning: Where to start? ... sketch out a detailed instructions to the attorney and send him to the village, lay down Oblomovka, buy land, send a development plan, rent an apartment, take a passport and go abroad for six months, sell excess fat, relieve weight, refresh your soul with the air that you once dreamed about with a friend, live without a dressing gown, without Zakhar, put on stockings yourself and take off your boots, sleep only at night, go where everyone goes, then ... then settle in Oblomovka, know what is sowing and threshing, why is a man poor and rich, walking in the field, going to the polls ... And so all his life! Farewell, poetic ideal of life! This is some kind of forge, not life; there is always a flame, crackling, heat, noise, ... when to live?”

What can be said about the attitude of the author to his hero? How is it revealed? Here he wakes up in the morning, and the mind has not yet come to the rescue”. “However, it is necessary to do justice to the care of Ilya Ilyich about his affairs. According to the first unpleasant letter from the headman, received several years ago, he already began to create in his mind a plan for various changes.". The author makes fun of his hero, using the technique of irony.

Description (portrait, appearance, interior).
Emphasis on details.
Irony.
Complementing one image with another (Zakhar looks like his master).
Decay reception.
Identification of typical features (Goncharov's hero immediately looks like both Manilov and someone very familiar from our life).

3. Homework.

"...a cold beauty, keeps her temper." (p. 96)

“What should he do now? Go ahead or stay? This Oblomov's question was deeper for him than Hamlet's.(p.168)

“This is some kind of forge, not life; there is always a flame, crackling, heat, noise, ... when will it be"

II Oblomov is a hero of his time, but of our time too. “As long as at least one Russian remains, Oblomov will be remembered until then” (V. G. Belinsky). What are your thoughts on this.
Oblomov is “worth boundless love”, his creator himself is devoted to Oblomov, he is adored by all the characters in the novel (Stolz, Olga Ilyinskaya, Agafya Matveevna, Zakhar). For what?
Read the second chapter. Compare Oblomov with his visitors.
Read Oblomov's letter to Olga Ilinskaya (second part, chapter IX, pp. 221–223). What can be added to the characterization of Oblomov, judging by this letter?
As you read, write down your favorite phrases.

Tenth-graders wrote out such phrases to I.A. Goncharova:

“Cunning is like a small coin that can't buy much” (Page 231)
“Where will you get enough for every moment of looking back?(Page 221)
“Self-love is the salt of life”(Page 166)
“Winter, how impregnable to live?” (Page 168)
“I pulled a book out of the corner and in one hour I wanted to read, write, rethink everything that I had not read, written and rethought in ten years.”(Page 168)

Literature:

I.A. Goncharov. Selected works. - M .: Fiction, 1990 - 575 pages (Teacher's Library).

In St. Petersburg, busy with fruitless fuss, creating the appearance of action. In contact with these people, the essence of Oblomov is revealed more and more. We see that Ilya Ilyich has such an important quality that few people possess as conscience. With each line, the reader comes to know the wonderful soul of Oblomov, and this is precisely what Ilya Ilyich stands out from the crowd of worthless, prudent, heartless people, concerned only with his person: “The soul shone so openly and easily in his eyes, in a smile, in every movement of his head, his hands” .
Having excellent internal qualities, Oblomov is also educated and smart. He knows what constitutes the true values of life - not money, not wealth, but high spiritual qualities, a flight of feelings.
So why is such a smart and educated person not willing to work? The answer is simple: Ilya Ilyich, just like Onegin, Pechorin, Rudin, does not see the meaning and purpose of such work, such a life. He doesn't want to work like that. “This unresolved question, this unsatisfied doubt exhausts the forces, destroys activity; a person drops his hands, and he gives up work, not seeing a goal for him, ”wrote Pisarev.
Goncharov does not introduce a single superfluous person into the novel - all the characters, with each step, reveal Oblomov more and more to us. The author introduces us to Stolz - at first glance, an ideal hero. He is hardworking, prudent, practical, punctual, he himself managed to make his way in life, amassed capital, earned respect and recognition in society. Why does he need all this? What good did his work bring? What is their purpose?
Stolz's task is to get settled in life, that is, to gain sufficient livelihood, family status, rank, and, having achieved all this, he stops, the hero does not continue his development, he is content with what he already has. Is it possible to call such a person ideal? Oblomov, on the other hand, cannot live for the sake of material well-being, he must constantly develop, improve his inner world, and in this it is impossible to reach the limit, because the soul in its development knows no boundaries. It is in this that Oblomov surpasses Stolz.
But the main storyline in the novel is the relationship between Oblomov and Olga Ilyinskaya. It is here that the hero reveals himself to us from the best side, his most cherished corners of the soul are revealed. Olga awakens the best qualities in the soul of Ilya Ilyich, but they do not live long in Oblomov: Olga Ilyinskaya and Ilya Ilyich Oblomov were too different. She is characterized by the harmony of mind and heart, will, which the hero is not able to understand and accept. Olga is full of vital energy, she strives for high art and evokes the same feelings in Ilya Ilyich, but he is so far from her way of life that he soon changes romantic walks to a soft sofa and a warm bathrobe again. It would seem that what Oblomov lacks, why shouldn't he marry Olga, who accepted his proposal. But no. He doesn't act like everyone else. Oblomov decides to break off relations with Olga for her own good; he acts like many familiar characters: Pechorin, Onegin, Rudin. They all leave the women they love, not wanting to hurt them. “In relation to women, all Oblomovites behave in the same shameful way. They do not know how to love at all and do not know what to look for in love, just like in life in general. “, - writes Dobrolyubov in his article “What is Oblomovism?”.
Ilya Ilyich decides to stay with Agafya Matveevna, for whom he also has feelings, but completely different than for Olga. For him, Agafya Matveevna was closer, “in her ever-moving elbows, in her carefully stopping eyes, in her eternal walking from the kitchen to the pantry.” Ilya Ilyich lives in a cozy, comfortable house, where life has always been in the first place, and the beloved woman would be a continuation of the hero himself. It would seem that the hero lives and lives happily ever after. No, such a life in Pshenitsyna's house was not normal, long, healthy, on the contrary, it accelerated Oblomov's transition from sleeping on the couch to eternal sleep - death.
Reading the novel, one involuntarily asks the question: why is everyone so drawn to Oblomov? It is obvious that each of the characters finds in him a piece of goodness, purity, revelation - all that people lack so much. Everyone, starting with Volkov and ending with Agafya Matveevna, searched for and, most importantly, found what was necessary for themselves, for their hearts and souls. But nowhere was Oblomov his own, there was no such person who would truly make the hero happy. And the problem lies not in the people around him, but in himself.
Goncharov in his novel showed different types of people, they all passed in front of Oblomov. The author showed us that Ilya Ilyich has no place in this life, just like Onegin, Pechorin.

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