Technical question: How did Aivazovsky paint pictures and how to look at them correctly. Ivan Aivazovsky - paintings, full biography Artist Ivan Aivazovsky biography
Outstanding Russian artist Ivan (Hovhannes) Konstantinovich Aivazovsky (Ayvazyan) was born on July 17 (29), 1817 in the Crimean city of Feodosia in a poor Armenian family. He lived long life, visited many countries, participated in various expeditions on land and at sea, but each time he invariably returned to hometown. The painter died on April 19 (May 2), 1900 and was buried there, in Feodosia.
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Origin
The artist's father was a merchant Gevorg (Konstantin) Ayvazyan. He came to Feodosia from Galicia, where he once moved from Western Armenia, and wrote his last name in the Polish manner - Gaivazovsky. Here my father married a local Armenian Hripsima. The family legend says that there were Turks among the Armenian ancestors of the artist on the paternal side, but there is no documentary evidence for this. In addition to Ivan, the family had four more children, two daughters and two sons. Ivan's brother Sarkis (in monasticism - Gabriel) became a famous historian and archbishop of the Armenian Apostolic Church.
In 1812, a plague broke out in the city. His father's trading business was greatly shaken, he went bankrupt. By the time Ivan was born, little was left of the family's former prosperity.
Childhood and youth
Aivazovsky's artistic abilities manifested themselves already in early childhood
. Fortunately, this has not gone unnoticed. There were people in the city who paid attention to the talented boy and took part in his fate. The architect Ya. Kh. Kokh, who lived in Feodosia, gave him initial lessons drawing and recommended him to the local mayor A. I. Kaznacheev, whose support allowed the future artist to first graduate from the Simferopol gymnasium, and then enter the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Arts at public expense.
August 28, 1933 Aivazovsky arrived in St. Petersburg and began studying at the Academy. His teachers were landscape painter M. Vorobyov, marine painter F. Tanner, battle painter A. Sauerweid. Success accompanied the young artist, even despite the conflict with F. Tanner. In 1933, he was awarded a silver medal for landscapes "View of the seaside in the vicinity of St. Petersburg", as well as "Etude of air over the sea." In September 1837, a new success followed - the Big Gold Medal for the painting "Calm".
Spring 1838 Ivan Konstantinovich was sent by the Academy to the Crimea and spent two summers there. At this time, the artist not only painted landscapes on the marine theme, but also witnessed the fighting. The painting "Landing of the Detachment in the Subashi Valley" recommended him as a capable battle painter and was subsequently bought by Emperor Nicholas I. In the fall of 1839, Aivazovsky successfully completed his studies at the Academy of Arts and received the right to travel abroad, where he spent four years (from 1840 to 1844 years). In addition to Italy, from where he began his journey, the artist visited Holland, Switzerland, England, France, Spain, Portugal, and all this time he worked hard and hard.
During this time, the work of Aivazovsky received recognition not only in Russia. His paintings were awarded the Gold Medal of the Paris Academy of Arts. Pope Gregory XVI not only purchased his painting "Chaos", but also awarded the artist with a special award. It was a period of rapid and successful professional development young painter. He learned a lot in Europe, gained invaluable experience there, his talent and success were adequately appreciated.
When in 1844, at the age of 27, Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky returned to Russia, he was already a recognized master and received title of painter of the Main Naval Staff of Russia. By this time he had developed his own original creative manner. Memories of how Aivazovsky painted pictures have been preserved. Throughout his life, the artist traveled a lot, impressions from what he saw gave rise to themes for new works. In the open air, he did not work long, making only basic sketches. Most of the time Aivazovsky spent in the studio, where he finished the picture, while giving free rein to improvisation.
Career Painter
In 1847 Ivan Konstantinovich became a member of the Imperial Academy of Arts. By this time, his creative style had already been determined. Of course, he was primarily known as a marine painter, but he also wrote a lot on other topics. Seascape, battle scenes, landscapes of the Crimean and other coastal cities, as well as portraits, although there are not many of them - creative legacy the artist is truly multifaceted. However, it is obvious that in most of his most famous works, the maritime theme is decisive.
After returning to Russia, Aivazovsky refuses tempting job offers in the capital and leaves for Feodosia. He is building a house on the city embankment. This is his home, now and forever. The artist often visits St. Petersburg on business and exhibits his works there in winter. He travels a lot in Europe, participates in expeditions. The most fruitful begins creative period in the life of Ivan Konstantinovich. His works are successful, his paintings are selling well, his career is developing rapidly.
Aivazovsky becomes a wealthy man. In addition to the house in Feodosia, he acquires an estate in the nearby village of Sheikh-Mamai and a house in Sudak, next to the dacha Armenian composer A. Spendiarova. The wealth that came made it possible to freely dispose of relatively large funds, but did not change the character of Ivan Konstantinovich and did not affect his active social position.
Family
In 1948 Ivan Konstantinovich marries Yulia Yakovlevna Grevs, the daughter of an English doctor in the Russian service. Four children were born from this marriage - Elena, Maria, Alexandra and Zhanna. However, the marriage was short-lived. After living together for 12 years, the couple separated. Interestingly, some of Aivazovsky's grandchildren also became artists.
In 1882 the artist marries a second time. His wife was Anna Nikitichna Sarkisova-Burnazyan. Anna Nikitichna was Armenian by nationality, younger than husband for 40 years and very beautiful woman. Her portraits written by Aivazovsky speak about this better than any words.
Confession
Soon comes public recognition, and then state awards and distinctions. He was a member of the Academies of Arts of several states, was awarded Russian and foreign orders, received the rank of real privy councilor, which corresponded to the admiral's rank in the navy, and in 1964 became a hereditary nobleman. The talent and diligence of the artist received a worthy assessment of his contemporaries.
For a long life in the biography of Aivazovsky interesting there are many facts. He was the owner of many awards and treated them with respect. However, after the massacre of Armenians in Turkey in 1894-1896, he defiantly threw all his Turkish orders into the sea. The irrepressible craving for travel led to the fact that the artist almost drowned in the Bay of Biscay. During the Crimean War, only a sharp order from Admiral Kornilov forced the painter to leave the besieged Sevastopol. All these facts emphasize the integral character of Aivazovsky, who was not only a famous artist, but also always had a civil position.
In total, Aivazovsky wrote more than 6,000 works in his life - a unique case in the history of painting. His creative heritage is huge, it is simply impossible to list all the famous works. Here is just a small list of the most famous works artist:
There were times when he painted several paintings on the same topic. This side of his work sometimes caused discontent among critics. On this occasion, Ivan Konstantinovich said that in this way he corrects the mistakes noticed and improves his works.
The artist's paintings are in many museums around the world. and also owned by private individuals. The most big collection located in the Feodosia Art Gallery. I. K. Aivazovsky. The largest collections of his works are also kept in other art galleries in Russia:
- at the State Russian Museum
- in the Tretyakov Gallery
- at the Central Naval Museum
- at the Peterhof Museum-Reserve
A significant collection is also in the National Art Gallery of Armenia.
Traveling a lot around the world, often visiting St. Petersburg, Aivazovsky was well acquainted with many famous Russian leaders culture. K. Bryullov, M. Glinka, A. Pushkin - this list alone sufficiently characterizes the personality of the artist. He was also treated with respect by such prominent representatives of the naval elite as the famous admirals F. Litke, V. Kornilov, M. Lazarev.
The artist's biography would be incomplete without mentioning about him charitable activities
. In ordinary life, he was very friendly and man of heart who sincerely cared about the prosperity of Feodosia. Ivan Konstantinovich did a lot for the city and its inhabitants. He not only invested his personal funds in various city projects, but often was their initiator. His influence on the cultural life of Feodosia was enormous.
With the active participation of Aivazovsky and largely at his expense, an art gallery, a concert hall, a library were created in the city, and an art school was opened. The artist did a lot of archeology, supervised the excavations of mounds, built a building entirely at his own expense and according to his own project, in which the Feodosia Museum of Antiquities is located. Created by him in his house art gallery with all the exhibits located there, Ivan Konstantinovich bequeathed to his native city.
Memory
The townspeople treated the famous countryman with respect and love. Aivazovsky was the first to become an honorary citizen of Feodosia . There are several monuments in his honor in the city.. In addition, monuments outstanding artist installed in other cities:
- in Simferopol
- in Kronstadt
- in Yerevan
If you ask a person who is far from art, which of the great painters he can name, then his answer will definitely sound the name of the magnificent Russian artist - marine painter Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky. In addition to paintings of the sea element, Aivazovsky left a great many works of other subjects. The artist traveled a lot to different countries and always painted what impressed him.
Childhood
The artist's surname originally sounded like Ayvazyan, and the name recorded at baptism was Hovhannes. His parents, Armenians by origin, lived in Feodosia. It was in this city, in the family of the merchant Gevork (Konstantin) and his wife Repsime, on July 17, 1817 (Aivazovsky's date of birth is indicated according to the old style), the little son Hovhannes was born. The artist had three sisters and a brother, Sargis, who later adopted and received the name Gabriel.
The genus of the Aivazovsky family originates in Galicia, where the artist's ancestors moved from Armenia. His grandfather Grigor and grandmother Ashkhen owned land near the city of Lvov. Unfortunately, more accurate information about the origin of the family has not been preserved. The artist's father, after a quarrel with his brothers, ends up in Feodosia and changes his last name to Gaivazovsky.
The first years of Aivazovsky's life were spent in Feodosia on the Black Sea coast, already in childhood he began to be interested in painting and music. A little boy painted his first pictures on the white walls of the houses of Feodosia with black charcoal. The architect Yakov Kokh drew attention to his abilities, who began to teach the boy and helped him, after receiving an education at the district school, enter the Simferopol gymnasium.
Education in St. Petersburg
In the autumn of 1833, Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky arrived in St. Petersburg. He is accepted at public expense to the Imperial Academy of Arts. First, he studied with M. Vorobyov in the landscape class, and then was transferred to the assistant to the marine painter F. Tanner, a Frenchman by birth. By this time, Aivazovsky managed to get silver medal for the landscapes "View of the seaside in the vicinity of St. Petersburg" and "Study of air over the sea", which were presented to the public at academic exhibition.
Quarrel with the teacher
In the biography of the marine painter Aivazovsky there was interesting case that happened between him and his teacher. Working as Tanner's assistant, Ivan Aivazovsky had no right to work independently. But the young artist, despite the agreement with the teacher, continued to paint his own landscapes, and at the 1836 exhibition at the Academy of Arts he exhibited five paintings. Critics were delighted with the work of Aivazovsky, which cannot be said about Tanner, who was so offended by the success of his student and assistant that he complained to Emperor Nicholas the First himself. The works of the young painter were immediately removed from the exhibition.
Six months later, Aivazovsky was assigned to the class of Professor Sauerweid, a specialist in battle painting. After studying with a professor for several months, in 1837 the artist received the Big Gold Medal for the painting “Calm” he painted. The result of Aivazovsky's work and his successes at the Academy of Arts was the decision to graduate from his studies two years earlier than expected, and send him to the Crimea for this time to independent work, as the Academy had already taught the young master everything they could.
Return to Crimea
Returning to the Crimea in 1838, Aivazovsky tries to work hard and productively. Two years of Aivazovsky's life were devoted to work on seascapes and battle scenes. For this, he takes part in hostilities and oversees the landing of military troops on the coast of Circassia. The painting “Landing of a Detachment in the Subashi Valley” painted by him was the result of these observations and was a great success with the emperor. Nicholas purchased the painting from the artist and used it to glorify the exploits of the fleet.
By the autumn of 1839, Aivazovsky returned to St. Petersburg to receive a certificate. In addition, he receives a rank and personal nobility. In the summer of 1840, together with his friend V. Sternberg, he went on a trip to Italy.
Practice in Italy
During the time spent in Italy, Aivazovsky managed to visit Rome, Florence, Venice, where he met Gogol. He visits the island of St. Lazarus, where his brother Gabriel lives in a monastery. The brothers had not seen each other for many years. Monk Aivazovsky leaves as a gift his painting “Chaos. The Creation of the World”, the plot of which is based on biblical events.
In the process of working on the shores of Italy, Aivazovsky develops his own way of painting. The artist had a very well-developed visual memory, he had a rich imagination, so he worked little in the open air and finished painting in the studio. Italian works, created by Aivazovsky, were a great success in society. English artist gave very good feedback. The works were noted at the Paris Academy and awarded a gold medal.
Ninth shaft
After working in Italy, Aivazovsky continues his trip to Europe. He visits Switzerland, Holland, England, France, Portugal, Spain. The artist always keeps an album with him and sketches seascapes and nature that stretches along the coast. While traveling along the Bay of Biscay, the ship on which the artist was located falls into a severe storm. The ship miraculously survived, but the newspapers announced the death of the artist in the waters of the bay. Aivazovsky survived and continued to work. Eight years after this sea adventure, in 1850, the master paints the painting The Ninth Wave, in which he reflects his experiences and impressions of the storm that happened to him in the Bay of Biscay.
Unusual paintings of the marine painter
Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky spent a lot of time traveling around the world. In all countries, he made sketches and sketches of subjects of interest to him. One of the most unusual works for a marine painter is a picture painted after visiting the opening of the Suez Canal. Aivazovsky's work is called The Great Pyramid of Giza.
Another painting unusual for Aivazovsky was painted in 1837: the canvas is called “View of the Grand Cascade in Peterhof”.
During a visit to Constantinople, the artist paints the painting "Eastern Scene". On it, the master depicted a story that takes place in a small coffee shop located in the Ortakoy mosque. The picture was created in 1845. Another painting "Eastern Scene" was also painted in Constantinople a year later.
In addition to landscapes, Aivazovsky painted excellent portraits. An example of this is the painting with a portrait of grandmother Ashkhen, painted in 1858.
Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky was a very successful painter. A rare artist achieved such fame during his lifetime. The master had a large number of awards, he had the rank of admiral, and in 1864 he was awarded the hereditary nobility.
Aivazovsky's life in Feodosia
In 1845, Aivazovsky petitioned the main naval headquarters, where he works as a painter, and the Academy of Arts, of which he is a professor, with a request to allow him to be in the Crimea in order to complete the work begun there. Having received permission, Aivazovsky begins to build a house in his beloved Feodosia. Despite constant trips around the world, Aivazovsky always told his friends that his home was in Feodosia.
The artist unfolds very vigorous activity for the beautification of the city. He opens art school and an art gallery. The years of Aivazovsky's life in his native city have a very beneficial effect on the development of Feodosia. The city becomes the center of painting and culture in the south of the country. The artist opens a school of painters, the training in which is aimed at developing the talents of landscape painters. In addition to the development of the Cimmerian school, Aivazovsky participates in the creation concert hall and libraries in Feodosia.
Not only an artist
Everyone knows that Aivazovsky was a marine painter, but few people know that the master of seascapes was an archaeologist and was a member of the Odessa Society of History and Antiquities. According to the project he created and at his expense, an archaeological museum of antiquities was built, located on Mount Mithridates. Unfortunately, the museum was destroyed during the war in 1941.
The artist helped organize the construction and development railway which was opened in 1892. Thanks to his efforts, the largest trading port on the Crimean coast, located in the master's hometown, was rebuilt.
The history of the Subashinsky source
Aivazovsky's family was quite rich. The artist owned the Subashinsky spring with crystal clean water. In 1886, the master's hometown suffered from a lack of drinking water. Aivazovsky turned out to be a very generous person: seeing the suffering of the inhabitants of Feodosia due to the lack clean water, he allowed to use his source. For these purposes, a water supply system was laid, since it was 25 miles from the city to the source. In the city, according to the project of the artist, a fountain was created, any resident could take as much water from it as he needed, and absolutely free of charge. Nowadays, this fountain bears the name of the artist.
Master's testament
The years of Aivazovsky's life were filled with creativity and improvement of his native Feodosia. One of the great gifts for the city was an art gallery. The Aivazovsky Museum, opened in the artist's house, is also famous, where paintings are exhibited that, according to Aivazovsky's will, should not leave Feodosia.
At the end of his life, the artist created the painting "Sea Bay" - this is his last completed work. The day before his death, Aivazovsky begins work on the painting "The Explosion of a Turkish Ship", but does not have time to complete it.
Aivazovsky was married twice, his two grandsons became painters. Michael Latri was a representative of the Cimmerian school, a painter and ceramics artist. Alexei Ganzen, like his great grandfather, was a marine painter.
The most outstanding Armenian artist of the 19th century. Brother of the Armenian historian and priest Gabriel Aivazovsky.
The origin of the Aivazovsky family
Hovhannes (Ivan) Konstantinovich Aivazovsky was born into the family of merchant Konstantin (Gevorg) and Hripsime Aivazovsky. On July 17 (29), 1817, the priest of the Armenian church in the city of Feodosia recorded that Konstantin (Gevorg) Aivazovsky and his wife Hripsime had "Hovhannes, the son of Gevorg Ayvazyan." Aivazovsky's ancestors were from the Galician Armenians who moved to Galicia from Turkish Armenia in the 18th century. It is known that his relatives owned large landed property in the Lvov region, but no documents more accurately describing the origin of Aivazovsky have been preserved. His father Konstantin (Gevorg) and after moving to Feodosia wrote a surname in the Polish manner: "Gayvazovsky" (the surname is a Polonized form of the Armenian surname Ayvazyan). Aivazovsky himself in his autobiography says about his father, that due to a quarrel with his brothers in his youth, he moved from Galicia to the Danubian principalities (Moldavia, Wallachia), where he engaged in trade, from there to Feodosia; knew several languages.
Most sources attribute Aivazovsky only Armenian origin. Lifetime publications dedicated to Aivazovsky convey, from his words, a family tradition that there were Turks among his ancestors. According to these publications, the artist’s late father told him that the artist’s great-grandfather (according to Bludova, on the female line) was the son of a Turkish military leader and, as a child, during the capture of Azov by Russian troops (1696), he was saved from death by an Armenian who baptized him and adopted (option - a soldier). After the death of the artist (in 1901), his biographer N. N. Kuzmin told the same story in his book, but about the artist’s father, referring to an unnamed document in Aivazovsky’s archive
Biography
Childhood and studies
The artist's father, Konstantin Grigoryevich Aivazovsky (1771-1841), after moving to Feodosia, married a local Armenian woman Hripsima (1784-1860), and from this marriage three daughters and two sons were born - Hovhannes (Ivan) and Sargis (later, in monasticism - Gabriel). Initially, Aivazovsky's business was successful, but during the plague of 1812 he went bankrupt.
Ivan Aivazovsky discovered artistic and musical abilities from childhood; in particular, he taught himself to play the violin. Theodosian architect - Kokh Yakov Khristianovich, who was the first to pay attention to artistic ability boy, gave him the first lessons of skill. Yakov Khristianovich also helped the young Aivazovsky in every possible way, periodically giving him pencils, paper, and paints. He also recommended paying attention to young talent Feodosia mayor. After graduating from the Feodosia district school, with the help of the mayor, who at that time was already an admirer of the talent of the future artist, he was enrolled in the Simferopol gymnasium. Then he was accepted at public expense to the Imperial Academy of Arts of St. Petersburg. Aivazovsky arrived in Petersburg on August 28, 1833. In 1835, for the landscapes "View of the seaside in the vicinity of St. Petersburg" and "Study of air over the sea" he received a silver medal and was assigned as an assistant to the fashionable French landscape painter Philip Tanner. Studying with Tanner, Aivazovsky, despite the latter's prohibition to work independently, continued to paint landscapes and exhibited five paintings at the autumn exhibition of the Academy of Arts in 1836. Aivazovsky's works received favorable reviews from critics. Tanner complained about Aivazovsky to Nicholas I, and by order of the Tsar, all of Aivazovsky's paintings were removed from the exhibition. The artist was forgiven only six months later and assigned to the class of battle painting to Professor Alexander Ivanovich Sauerweid to study naval military painting. After studying in Sauerweid's class for only a few months, in September 1837 Aivazovsky received the Big Gold Medal for the painting Calm. This gave him the right to a two-year trip to the Crimea and Europe.
Crimea and Europe (1838-1844)
In the spring of 1838, the artist went to the Crimea, where he spent two summers. He not only painted seascapes, but also engaged in battle painting and even participated in hostilities on the coast of Circassia, where, watching the landing in the valley of the Shakhe River from the shore, he made sketches for the painting “Landing of a detachment in the Subashi Valley” (so then the Circassians called this place), written later at the invitation of the head of the Caucasian coastal line, General Raevsky. The painting was acquired by Nicholas I. At the end of the summer of 1839 he returned to St. Petersburg, where on September 23 he received a certificate of graduation from the Academy, his first rank and personal nobility.
At the same time, he became close to the circle of Karl Bryullov and Mikhail Glinka.
In July 1840, Aivazovsky and his friend in the landscape class of the Academy, Vasily Sternberg, went to Rome. On the way, they stopped in Venice and Florence. In Venice, Ivan Konstantinovich met Gogol, and also visited the island of St. Lazar, where he met with his brother Gabriel. The artist worked for a long time in southern Italy, in particular in Sorrento, and developed a style of work, which consisted in the fact that he worked outdoors for only short periods of time, and in the studio he restored the landscape, leaving a wide scope for improvisation. The painting "Chaos" was bought by Pope Gregory XVI, who also awarded Aivazovsky a gold medal. In general, Aivazovsky's work in Italy was accompanied by success, both critically (in particular, William Turner praised his work) and commercially. For his paintings, he received a gold medal from the Paris Academy of Arts.
At the beginning of 1842, Aivazovsky traveled through Switzerland and the Rhine Valley to Holland, from there he sailed to England, and later visited Paris, Portugal and Spain. In the Bay of Biscay, the ship on which the artist was sailing was caught in a storm and almost sank, so that there were reports in the Parisian newspapers about his death. The journey as a whole lasted four years. In the autumn of 1844 he returned to Russia.
Later career
In 1844 he became a painter of the Main Naval Staff (without financial assistance), and from 1847 - a professor at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts; was also in European academies: Rome, Paris, Florence, Amsterdam and Stuttgart.
Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky painted mainly seascapes; created a series of portraits of the Crimean coastal towns. His career has been very successful. He was awarded many orders and received the rank of Rear Admiral. In total, the artist wrote more than 6 thousand works.
From 1845 he lived in Feodosia, where he opened an art school with the money he earned, which later became one of the art centers Novorossia, and the gallery (1880), became the founder of the Cimmerian school of painting, was the initiator of the construction of the Feodosia - Dzhankoy railway, built in 1892. He was actively involved in the affairs of the city, its improvement, and contributed to prosperity. He was interested in archeology, dealt with the protection of Crimean monuments, took part in the study of more than 80 burial mounds (some of the items found are stored in the Hermitage pantry).
At his own expense, he built a new building for the Feodosia Museum of Antiquities with a memorial to P. S. Kotlyarevsky; for services to archeology, he was elected a full member of the Odessa Society of History and Antiquities.
On April 12, 1895, the great marine painter I. K. Aivazovsky, returning from Nakhichevan-on-Don, where he met with Mkrtich (Khrimyan) (1820-1907), the Supreme Patriarch and Catholicos of All Armenians, stopped by his old friend Y. M. Serebryakov in Taganrog . This was Aivazovsky's second visit to Taganrog - the first was in 1835, when he visited the Palace of Alexander I. For the Palestine Society, which was led by Ippolit Ilyich Tchaikovsky (brother of the great composer), Aivazovsky donated his painting "Walking on the Waters", which was placed in chapel.
Last days of life
Before his death, Aivazovsky painted a picture called “Sea Bay”, and on the last day of his life he began to paint the picture “The Explosion of a Turkish Ship”, which remained unfinished.
This is how the last day is described on the website of the Feodosia Art Gallery. I. K. Aivazovsky:
Family
In 1848 Ivan Konstantinovich got married. Aivazovsky's first wife, Yulia Yakovlevna Grevs, was an Englishwoman, the daughter of a staff doctor who was in the Russian service. They had four daughters: Elena, Maria, Alexandra and Zhanna. Due to Aivazovsky's unwillingness to live in the capital, Yulia Yakovlevna left her husband after 12 years. However, the marriage was annulled only in 1877.
The second wife is Anna Nikitichna Sarkisova.
Aivazovsky saw Anna Nikitichna at the funeral of her husband, a well-known Feodosia merchant, in 1882. The beauty of the young widow struck Ivan Konstantinovich. A year later they got married. The gallery holds a portrait of Anna Nikitichna, painted by Aivazovsky.
- Yulia Yakovlevna Grevs
- Elena + Peolopid Latry
- Latri, Mikhail Pelopidovich, artist
- Alexander Latry (with the blessing of Nicholas II, the only one of his grandchildren received permission to bear the name of the great painter).
- Sofia Latri + (1) Novoselsky + (2) Prince Iveriko Mikeladze
- Olga Novoselskaya + Stefan Asford Sanford. Son: Henry Sanford
- Gayane Mikeladze
- Maria (Mariam) + Wilhelm Lvovich Ganzen
- Ganzen, Alexei Vasilievich "", marine painter. + Olympics
- Alexandra + Mikhail Lampsi. The family lived in Feodosia and occupied the right side of Aivazovsky's house.
- Nicholas Lampsy + Lydia Soloms. From 1907 to 1909 - director of the Art Gallery in Feodosia. Children: Mikhail, Irina, Tatyana
- Ivan Lampsy
- Zhanna, married Artseulov
- Konstantin Artseulov, Russian pilot and illustrator.
- Elena + Peolopid Latry
- Anna Nikitichna Sarkisova
According to some reports, Aivazovsky had illegitimate daughter.
Brother, possibly Grigory Konstantinovich Aivazovsky, collegiate assessor since 1853, captain of the Feodosia quarantine port (as of 1858, salaries, canteens and apartments - 798 rubles).
Gallery
Aivazovsky's house, later an art gallery, was designed personally by Aivazovsky in 1845, and in 1880 the artist opened his own showroom. Ivan Konstantinovich exhibited his paintings in it, which were supposed to leave Feodosia. This year is officially considered the year the gallery was founded.
According to his will, the art gallery was donated to Feodosia. In the Feodosiya art gallery founded by him, which now bears his name, the work of the great master is most fully represented. The archive of Aivazovsky's documents is stored in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art, the State Public Library. M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin (St. Petersburg), the State Tretyakov Gallery, the Theater Museum. A. A. Bakhrushina.
Creation
Aivazovsky was especially famous not only in Russia, but also in Turkey. His acquaintance with the Ottoman Empire began in 1845. The Mediterranean geographical expedition led by F. P. Litke, which included Ivan Konstantinovich, went to the shores of Turkey and Asia Minor. Then Istanbul conquered the artist. After the end of the expedition, he wrote a large number of works, including those with views of the capital of the Ottoman Empire.
After the end of the war in 1856, on the way from France, where international exhibition his works were exhibited, Aivazovsky visited Istanbul for the second time. He was warmly welcomed by the local Armenian diaspora, and also, under the patronage of the court architect Sarkis Balyan, was received by Sultan Abdul-Mejid I. By that time, the Sultan's collection already had one painting by Aivazovsky. As a sign of admiration for his work, the Sultan awarded Ivan Konstantinovich with the Order of Nishan Ali, IV degree.
The third trip to Istanbul, at the invitation of the Armenian diaspora, I. K. Aivazovsky makes in 1874. Many artists of Istanbul, at that time, were influenced by the work of Ivan Konstantinovich. This is especially evident in the marine painting of M. Jivanyan. The brothers Gevork and Vagen Abdullahi, Melkop Telemaku, Hovsep Samandjiyan, Mkrtich Melkisetikyan later recalled that Aivazovsky also had a significant influence on their work. One of Aivazovsky's paintings was presented by Sargis Bey (Sarkis Balyan) to Sultan Abdulaziz. The Sultan liked the picture so much that he immediately ordered the artist 10 canvases with views of Istanbul and the Bosphorus. While working on this order, Aivazovsky constantly visited the Sultan's palace, made friends with him, as a result, he painted not 10, but about 30 different canvases. Before the departure of Ivan Konstantinovich, an official reception was arranged for the padishah in honor of awarding him the Order of Osmania II degree.
A year later, Aivazovsky again goes to the Sultan and brings him two paintings as a gift: “View of St. Petersburg from the Holy Trinity Bridge” and “Winter in Moscow” (these paintings are currently in the collection of the Dolmabahce Palace Museum).
Another war with Turkey ended in 1878. The San Stefano peace treaty was signed in a hall whose walls were decorated with paintings by a Russian artist. It was a symbol of future good relations between Turkey and Russia.
Paintings by I. K. Aivazovsky, who were in Turkey, were repeatedly exhibited in various exhibitions. In 1880, an exhibition of the artist's paintings was held in the building of the Russian embassy. Upon its completion, Sultan Abdul-Hamid II presented I.K. Aivazovsky with a diamond medal.
In 1881, the owner of the art store, Ulman Grombach, held an exhibition of works famous masters: Van Dyck, Rembrandt, Breigl, Aivazovsky, Jerome. In 1882, an art exhibition of I.K. Aivazovsky and the Turkish artist Oskan Efendi took place here. The exhibitions were a huge success.
In 1888, another exhibition was held in Istanbul, organized by Levon Mazirov (nephew of I. K. Aivazovsky), which presented 24 paintings by the artist. Half of the proceeds from her went to charity. Just these years account for the first graduation of the Ottoman Academy of Arts. Aivazovsky’s style of writing is traced in the works of the Academy graduates: “The sinking of the Ertugrul ship in Tokyo Bay” by the artist Osman Nuri Pasha, the painting “The Ship” by Ali Jemal, some marinas of Diyarbakir Tahsin.
In 1890 was the last
A year later, the priest of the Armenian church in the city of Feodosia recorded that Konstantin (Gevorg) Gayvazovsky and his wife Repsime had "Hovhannes, the son of Gevorg Ayvazyan." A native of southern Poland - Galicia - Gevorg Ayvazyan wrote his name and surname in the Polish way - Konstantin Aivazovsky.
I. K. Aivazovsky himself once recalled his origin, in the circle of his family, the following interesting and, therefore, quite reliable legend. The story presented here was originally recorded from his words and is kept in the artist's family archives.
“I was born in the city of Feodosia in 1817, but the real homeland of my close ancestors, my father, was far from here, not in Russia. Who would have thought that the war - this all-destroying scourge, served to ensure that my life was preserved and that I saw the light and was born precisely on the shores of my beloved Black Sea. And yet it was so. In 1770, the Russian army, led by Rumyantsev, laid siege to Bendery. The fortress was taken, and the Russian soldiers, irritated by the stubborn resistance and death of their comrades, scattered around the city and, listening only to the feeling of revenge, spared neither gender nor age.
“Among their victims was the secretary of the Pasha of Bendery. Mortally struck by one Russian grenadier, he was bleeding, clutching a baby in his arms, who was preparing the same fate. The Russian bayonet was already raised over the young Turk, when one Armenian held his punishing hand with an exclamation: “Stop! This is my son! He is a Christian!” The noble lie worked for salvation, and the child was spared. This child was my father. The good Armenian did not end his beneficence with this, he became the second father of a Muslim orphan, christening him under the name of Konstantin and giving him the surname Gayvazovsky, from the word Gayzov, which in Turkish means secretary.
Having lived for a long time with his benefactor in Galicia, Konstantin Aivazovsky finally settled in Feodosia, where he married a young beautiful southerner, also an Armenian, and at first engaged in successful trading operations..
Communicating with nature gives a person a lot of pleasant impressions. The ancient Greeks said: "Looking at the beautiful and hearing about the beautiful, a person improves."
special gift the romantic artist Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky possessed to understand nature. The sea was for him one of the most bright wonders nature. Marina is an independent type of landscape painting. The word "marina" (from French word"marine") means a picture depicting a sea view. A marine painter is an artist who depicts the sea.
Acquaintance with the world of romanticism - the art of passion, the expression of the power of natural forces and the will of man, contributes to the emergence of aesthetic experiences in children, the formation of moral feelings. Parents can offer school-age children to take a sea voyage with the marine painter I.K. Aivazovsky, to get acquainted with his romantic seascapes in order to teach them to hear and see in nature many colors, sounds, forms, transformations.
The first lesson "Russian marine painter I. K. Aivazovsky: creativity and biography for children."
Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky - master seascape.
The artist was born in 1817 in Feodosia. His childhood was spent on the Black Sea coast. The family moved to the Crimea from Moldova. Father Gevorg Gayvazyan is a merchant of the 3rd guild, mother Agrafena (Hripsime) worked as an embroiderer. From childhood, Ivan was fond of playing the violin and drawing.
It so happened that the mayor Alexei Ivanovich Kaznacheev became aware of the boy's amazing abilities, and he played a significant role in the artist's life. In 1830, A. I. Kaznacheev was appointed governor of Tavria and transferred to the service in Simferopol. He assigned a talented boy to the Simferopol gymnasium. In 1833, after graduating from the gymnasium, Aivazovsky was sent to study at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, where he received painting lessons from Professor M. N. Vorobyov, got acquainted with the painting technique of K. Bryullov and S. Shchedrin.
In 1834, Aivazovsky was seconded to the French painter F. Tanner as an assistant. It soon became clear that the student had surpassed his teacher. At the academic exhibition, Aivazovsky's painting "Study over the Clouds" received universal recognition. Soon F. Tanner, overwhelmed by the victory of his assistant, did everything to restore the king himself against him. The young artist was threatened with great troubles. Only the intercession of Professor AI Sauerweid helped.
He graduated from the Academy with a gold medal, I. K. Aivazovsky leaves as a boarder of the Academy of Arts abroad, travels to Germany, France, Spain, Holland, Portugal. His paintings are exhibited at the largest exhibitions in Europe. In 1844, the artist was awarded the title of academician in marine species. On the occasion of the 10th anniversary artistic creativity he opens in his homeland, in Feodosia, the first solo exhibition.
In 1857, Aivazovsky received the Order of the Legion of Honor from the French government. In 1865, in Feodosia, he opened a “General Art Workshop” at his workshop. From 1868 to 1869 is busy with laying a railway to Feodosia. In 1876 he was elected a member of the Florentine Academy of Arts. In 1880, he opened an art gallery at his home in his homeland. For all my creative life Aivazovsky painted about 6,000 paintings that today adorn the famous galleries of the world.
Ivan (Hovhannes) Konstantinovich Aivazovsky bore the surname Gaivazovsky from birth. In 1840, together with his brother Gabriel, he changed the spelling of his last name and became Aivazovsky.
Aivazovsky loved to improvise and played the violin beautifully.
The artist painted landscapes to music, which helped him find the rhythm of his work. He could paint a picture in a few hours, in one go.
Very often, the artist began to paint a landscape with the image of the sky, not the sea. The sky set him up and suggested plots of sea voyages.
Aivazovsky was an eyewitness to the military exercises of the Black Sea Fleet, so he devoted some of his paintings to the exploits of Russian sailors (“Chesme Battle” (1848), “Navarre Battle” (1848) ...)
In his works, the artist depicted ships struggling with waves, the movements of waves and light, various states of the sea…
"The Ninth Wave" (1850)
The painting is dedicated to the storm seen and experienced during one of the travels by the artist himself. This storm occurred in 1844 in the Bay of Biscay. Then the European and St. Petersburg newspapers reported the wreck of the ship and the death of a young marine painter.
The size of the canvas (221x332) gives the viewer the impression of being among the huge and billowing sea waves.
On the wreckage of the mast, people, exhausted after a shipwreck, are hardly held. A few more seconds and the ninth wave will overtake them.
One of the survivors sees the shore and waves a red handkerchief asking for rescue. And here comes the morning. Sunrise, illuminating the sky and waves with bright sunlight, gives the victims hope for salvation.
Here is what the young painter wrote about this event: “Fear did not suppress in me the ability to perceive and retain in my memory the impression made on me by the storm, like a marvelous living picture.”
Tell your child about your impressions of the picture. Ask him the following questions:
- How is the sea depicted?
- What feelings does it evoke?
- What time of day did the artist show?
- Can sailors see the shore?
- Why is one of the sailors waving a red handkerchief?
- Would you like to be in the place of the victims?
- Can man always control nature?
Before us is a raging sea element. The ship, squinting on its side, surrendering to the ruthless, furious waves, is wrecked. The sailors managed to transfer to the boat, but the waves carry them to the rocks. In anticipation of danger, the fleeing people try to turn around and deflect the blow. Caught in the harsh embrace of the sea, the sailors understand that their death is inevitable. However, not everyone resigned themselves to a bitter fate and dutifully look into the eyes of fate.
The artist draws different characters: the lookout stood up, trying to examine the rocks in order to find a flat place among them, a small bay where one could direct the boat. A sailor standing with a full-length oar is ready to fight to the end and follow the instructions of the lookout exactly. The rower leads the boat with the last of his strength. Someone waves his hat, greeting his near end. And suddenly, over the living bubbling sea, through the waves and clouds, the sun broke through, and with it the saving radiance of the rainbow appeared. This rainbow gave the sailors hope for salvation.
Describe the picture. Tell your child about the feelings you are experiencing? Ask him a few questions:
- What is the name of this painting? What would you name this painting? ("Alone with the elements", "Shipwreck" ...)
- Why did the artist choose this name? (The rainbow was a sign of hope)
- What happened to the ship?
- How are sailors doing? What character traits do they have?
- Do you think the sailors will be saved?
Do not forget to draw a joint conclusion: These courageous people survived because they know how to deal with difficulties. The name itself serves as a hint. Hope dies last.
The painting was painted by the artist 10 days before his 80th birthday.
The sea element is represented by the artist in the image of the abyss, beyond the control of the human mind. Giant waves-shafts play among themselves, enjoying indomitable power. On the one hand, the artist shows the beauty and grandeur of the water element, on the other - ruthlessness, unbridled power, primitive chaos.
The artist, in love with the sea, conveys to us the character, mood of the sea, makes the viewer experience a sense of delight and a sense of fear in front of this unknown force.
Ask the child to describe the sea. Ask the following questions:
- Does he like the sea? How does it happen? (calm, mirror-smooth, agitated, serene, raging…)
- What is sea calm?
- What paintings by Aivazovsky depict sea calm?
- How does he feel about sea travel? Why are they dangerous?
The work of Aivazovsky can give a lot for the upbringing of children. When meeting with the paintings of the artist, the child feels an emotional upsurge, joy, delight. This is the beauty of feelings, experiences, thoughts, comprehensible not only by the mind, but also by the heart.
I wish parents and children wonderful impressions from communication with nature!
