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Arguments on the topic of heroism ordinary people exam. Arguments for the problem of courage, courage and heroism for the composition of the exam in the Russian language

Good day, dear friends. In this article, we offer an essay on the topic "".

The following arguments will be used:
- M. Gorky, "Old Woman Izergil"
- E. Asadov, "Inconspicuous Heroes"

A person who has a set of such qualities as courage, courage, nobility and determination can be considered a real hero if he is able to sacrifice himself for the sake of another person, an entire people or a noble idea. There are many historical examples when people strong in body and spirit committed immortal deeds. But there is a place for heroism in our time. It is in the nobility of nature, in maintaining honor and dignity under any circumstances, in fidelity to one's convictions and principles. People who do not stoop to betrayal and betrayal, even in a dangerous situation, can be considered real heroes.

In Maxim Gorky's story "Old Woman Izergil" main character Izergil tells the legend of the incredibly brave young man Danko. His tribe was driven into the depths of an impenetrable forest by conquerors, which doomed them to death. Swamps and a terrible stench forced people to surrender to their enemies, but Danko stopped him and did not allow this.

He led them through dense vegetation, although the path was too difficult. Every day people became weaker and weaker, and the storm finished off everyone completely. The tribesmen took up arms against Danko, decided to kill him. However, Danko's heart burned with determination to save his people. He tore open his chest, pulled out his heart, lifted it high and led the people through the forest. Like a torch, the heart of a brave young man lit the way. Suddenly the trees ran out, the forest was left behind, and a wide steppe appeared before the people. People began to rejoice and have fun, and the hero who saved everyone fell down dead. No one noticed this, the feat of the hero remained in the shadows.

The poem "Inconspicuous Heroes" Eduard Asadov begins with the topic of generational difference, which is key in many disputes in society. Heroism is considered a phenomenon of the last century, which modern youth is not capable of. The poet mentions the war and the feats that were performed on its field. In peacetime, there is no prospect of showing oneself, because all kinds of disasters do not always happen. The author is very happy about this, although he likes the desire of people to do worthy deeds. It seems absurd to him to argue about differences between generations, because the significance of both is equal.

Asadov claims that people with a strong character have not disappeared, and feats are being performed to this day. He cites the example of a fight between a drunken armed company and a courageous guy who opposed them. The poet compares such an unequal fight with a military attack, and a lonely young guy with a soldier whose courage he is not inferior to.

Eduard Arkadyevich says that there are many types of heroism, one of which is the readiness to commit a noble deed. He then cites an excerpt from the letter. The poet's reader Slava Komarovsky offers help: he wants to sacrifice his eyesight for the sake of Eduard Asadov.

The famous poet knows firsthand what war and heroism are. He left to fight as a volunteer, but the battle in 1944 became fatal for the writer. When his battery was completely destroyed, Eduard Arkadyevich drove by car to the neighboring unit through the shelled area to deliver a supply of ammunition. This desperate bold act cost the writer his sight. A shell exploded next to the car and mortally wounded young hero, but he still managed to bring supplies. Having changed many hospitals, the writer managed to win the battle with death, but the light was still taken away from him.

In the letter, nineteen-year-old Slava Komarovsky admires the writer's works and wants to restore his sight at the cost of his sacrifice. He claims that he will be happy if he returns the light to the poet again. The young man does not want to hear a refusal to his proposal, because if Eduard Asadov agrees, he will bring many masterpieces to the world. The mood of the guy causes infinite respect, his decision is balanced and final. “Write. I'll be right there like a soldier."

At the end of the letter, we learn that it is not the only one: other readers write to Eduard with the same proposal. Despite the fact that the poet will never agree to their proposals, he is overwhelmed with feelings, pride in a worthy generation and their noble motives.

Summing up, it is worth saying that the concept of heroism is much broader than we used to think. The places of its manifestation are not only war or natural disasters, sometimes heroes live among us. Making noble deeds, they are modestly silent in the shadows. The qualities that such people possess are noble and unchanging, which every person should strive for.

Today we talked about The problem of heroism: the composition of the exam». This option you can use to prepare for the unified state exam.

Text from the exam

(1) We are tourists. (2) We stick our nose everywhere. (Z) We go along the narrow gallery, turn left. (4) We get into a dead end. (5) We hardly get out of it. (6) And a deafening blueness strikes our eyes - a window to the sea. (7) The squares of azure are set in a rusty lattice. (8) We breathe pure blueness and feel how it spreads through our veins. (9) We are getting younger, lighter. (10) And the stone around us lightens. (11) An oak grove grows - in Croatian oak, - the leaves of the oaks are blue, and their noise is sea.

(12) - Fuck-tah-tah! (13) Boo! (14) Boo!

(15) I look around. (16) In a narrow street - a flock of guys. (17) In the hands of wooden guns. (18) One boy with glasses, with a thick book under his arm.

(19) - Bah! (20) Bah! (21) Bah!

(22) The warlike flock is approaching.

(23) I ask:

(24) - Who are they?

(25) Answer:

(26) - Partisans!

(27) The word "partisans" sounds the same in Croatian as in Russian.

(28) I nod at the boy with the book:

(29) -And he?

(30) Answer:

(31) - History teacher.

(32) The boys look at me questioningly: what else can I ask? (33) I don’t know what to ask, and I slowly say:

(34) - We are from Moscow. (35) And among us there is also a history teacher.

(36) I try to call our teacher, but he does not respond.

(37) Lost in the labyrinth of ancient Dubrovnik. (38) And the "partisans" also disappear. (39) The street is empty. (40) The hotel where we stayed was called "Lapot". (41) We immediately renamed it "Lapot". (42) Bast shoes on the shores of the Adriatic Sea! (43) A few steps from Lapt, around the corner, a small wine cellar was discovered. (44) Three steps down - and the salty spirit of the sea was immediately interrupted by another spirit, mysterious and tart, emanating from darkened oak barrels. (45) Bronze-faced was in charge here old man. (46) He turned out to be a former partisan. (47) Participated in the battle on the Neretva. (48) And his name was completely in Russian - Danila. (49) Seizing the moment, I asked Danila about the mysterious "partisans" of old Dubrovnik.

(50) - Ah, these flyers *! he exclaimed. (51) - These Poletarians always play partisans. (52) Who else should they play?

(53) - But one of them, - I noticed, - was a history teacher.

(54) - And they also play the History Teacher, - said Danila, and suddenly the fun in his eyes began to fade. (55) Eyes turned cold.

(56) - Have you heard about Kragujevac? (57) There, in one night, the Nazis shot seven thousand civilians. (58) Half of those shot were schoolchildren. (59) There is now a monument. (60) Large Roman five made of concrete. (61) The children called this five - a monument to the fifth grade ... (62) So, there was a History Teacher.

(63) The conversations of my companions somehow subsided on their own. (64) Everyone began to listen to Danila's story. (65) Everyone moved closer to the counter, behind which he stood, as if behind a pulpit.

(66) - So, the History Teacher returned in the evening to Kragujevac. (67) And the German guard detained him. (68) Either the Germans took pity on him, or they did not want to mess with him. (69) But they said to him: (70) “Take off your feet. (71) You won't feel good there! (72) - "There are my students!" - objected the teacher. (73) “They won't be there soon. (74) None! (75) Go away! (76) The stubborn teacher continued to stand his ground: (77) “I taught them. (78) I should be with them! (79) He was so tired of the Germans that they decided: to hell with him, if he wants to die, let him go!

(80) He was afraid to be late and ran all the way, and when he got to Kragujevac, he could hardly stand on his feet. (81) And there they already drove people into a column. (82) And they shouted: (83) “Schneller, Schneller!” (84) And the cry of children was heard. (85) He was a teacher in the fifth grade. (86) He found his class, gathered all his students, and they lined up in pairs, as they did when they went to the lesson. (87) And many more children joined this fifth grade, because when a teacher is nearby, it’s not so scary.

(88) “Children,” the teacher said, “I taught you history. (89) I told you how real people died for their homeland. (90) Now it's our turn. (91) Don't cry! (92) Raise your head higher! (93) Let's go! (94) Your last history lesson begins. (95) And the fifth grade followed his teacher ...

(96) I wanted to immediately go to the walled city, where now the lanterns hanging on chains burned dimly, and the shutters were closed. (97) I wanted to find a friend " partisan detachment and talk to the History Teacher. (98) He was needed by the detachment as a demoman, submachine gunner, grenade launcher. (99) Without it, war is not war. (100) But, probably, at this hour the little “History Teacher” was sleeping with the rest of the “fighters” sent by their mothers to bed.

(According to Yu. Yakovlev)

Introduction

Each of us at least once in our lives stood at a crossroads - doubted, hesitated, weighed, made a decision, made a choice. In general, our whole life consists of the need to choose, even in small things.

We decide whether to study hard or be a little lazy, be responsible in life and work, or allow ourselves to be frivolous. We choose what kind of people we will become, how much we will care for the general welfare, how much we will be able to sacrifice ourselves for the sake of others.

Problem

Yu. Yakovlev in the text touches on the burning problem of a person's life choice, whose volitional decisions are comparable to a feat. Not everyone is capable of this, and not everyone will understand the greatness of the soul of people who, obeying only their inner convictions, voluntarily sacrifice not only personal well-being, but also their own lives.

A comment

At the beginning of the text, we see a group of Russian tourists wandering through the narrow streets of a small Croatian town. After meeting with a group of boys playing partisans and “History Teachers”, tourists learn that during the years of the Great Patriotic War in the nearest village of Kragujevac, a real tragedy occurred. Seven thousand people were shot by fascist troops in one night, about half of those shot were children of school age.

This story was told to travelers by a local gray-haired old man with the Russian name Danila. He told that the Germans had cordoned off the village and were no longer letting anyone in, even the school history teacher, who was returning home in the evening. Despite the fact that he was warned about the upcoming execution, that he would never see his students again, the teacher did not stop trying to be close to his pupils.

He begged, he begged, to be allowed to share the fate of his disciples. The Nazis gave in. The teacher ran, afraid of being late. He found his fifth grade, built the children in pairs. The other students joined in as well, because that way they were less scared.

The teacher asked the children not to cry, he told them that the time had come for them all to die together for their homeland, that this would be their last history lesson. And the kids were obedient...

Subsequently, a monument in the form of a large Roman five was erected to the dead children.

Author's position

The author is convinced that such people as the “History Teacher” were needed by the motherland no less than demolition workers, submachine gunners or grenade throwers. For him, and for everyone, the teacher was the main actor, without which the death of small, innocent children would lose all meaning.

own position

I was struck by this text, the act of a school teacher. The very fact of the execution of students who had to give their innocent lives because of the whim of adults fighting for power seems unrealistic, unacceptable. Who was the teacher for the dead children? Realizing that the execution was inevitable, he managed to somehow calm the hearts of his students, clenched with horror, helped them comprehend their senseless death, and led them along.

How many are capable of this? For the sake of alleviating the last minutes of the people entrusted to him, put on the altar own destiny? I don't think many. people with such life position units. They are real heroes, they fill our lives with meaning.

What would happen if the teacher abandoned his students? He couldn't forgive himself, he just couldn't move on.

Argument #1

From the literature, I recall the image of Danko from M. Gorky's story "The Old Woman Izergil", who pulled out his burning heart to bring the distraught crowd to the light. What was he thinking? What made him doom himself to death? Gratitude from your people? He didn't get it. Instead, some cautious person trampled on his heart so that no one would remember the feat of the young man.

He simply could not do otherwise, could not afford to show weakness, cowardice, lack of confidence in himself and in a better future for his people.

Argument #2

Only with one image can I fully compare the image of the "History Teacher" from the essay by Yu. Yakovlev - this biblical image Christ. Jesus Christ also went to be crucified for the salvation of mankind - his children. And for him it was not a feat, as well as for a school teacher his act. They chose this path as a matter of course, only because some power within their being could not allow them to do otherwise. Just because it was theirs life choice.

Conclusion

Sooner or later, each of us will make his life choice. Another question is whether it will be connected with the feat of salvation, creation, or whether we will find ourselves on the side of the destroyers. Life is a complex process, and it depends only on us what role we will play in it.

Self-sacrifice is not always associated with a risk to life.
To commit heroic deeds of a person is motivated by love for the Motherland.
A person is ready to sacrifice himself for the one he really loves.
To save a child, it is sometimes not a pity to sacrifice the most valuable thing that a person has - his own life.
Only moral person able to perform heroic deeds
Readiness for self-sacrifice does not depend on the level of income and social status
Heroism is expressed not only in deeds, but also in the ability to be true to one's word even in the most difficult life situations.
People are ready for self-sacrifice even in the name of saving a stranger

Arguments

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". Sometimes we do not suspect that this or that person can commit a heroic deed. This confirms the example from this work: Pierre Bezukhov, being a rich man, decides to stay in Moscow besieged by the enemy, although he has every opportunity to leave. He - real man who does not put his financial situation in the first place. Not sparing himself, the hero saves a little girl from the fire, performing a heroic deed. You can also refer to the image of Captain Tushin. At first, he does not make a good impression on us: Tushin appears before the command without boots. But the battle proves that this man can be called a real hero: the battery under the command of Captain Tushin selflessly repels enemy attacks, having no cover, sparing no effort. And it doesn’t matter at all what impression these people make on us when we first meet them.

I.A. Bunin "Lapti". In an impenetrable blizzard, Nefed went to Novoselki, located six miles from home. He was prompted to do this by the requests of a sick child to bring red bast shoes. The hero decided that “it is necessary to mine”, because “the soul desires”. He wanted to buy bast shoes and paint them magenta. By nightfall, Nefed had not returned, and in the morning the peasants brought his dead body. In his bosom they found a vial of fuchsin and brand new bast shoes. Nefed was ready for self-sacrifice: knowing that he was putting himself in danger, he decided to act for the good of the child.

A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" Love for Marya Mironova, captain's daughter, more than once prompted Peter Grinev to endanger his life. He went to Pugachev captured Belogorsk fortress to wrest the girl from Shvabrin's hands. Pyotr Grinev understood what he was doing: at any moment Pugachev's people could catch him, he could be killed by enemies. But nothing stopped the hero, he was ready to save Marya Ivanovna even at the cost of own life. Readiness for self-sacrifice also manifested itself when Grinev was under investigation. He did not talk about Marya Mironova, whose love led him to Pugachev. The hero did not want to make the girl involved in the investigation, although this would allow him to justify himself. Pyotr Grinev, by his actions, showed that he was ready to endure anything for the happiness of a person dear to him.

F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". The fact that Sonya Marmeladova went on a “yellow ticket” is also a kind of self-sacrifice. The girl decided on this herself, consciously, in order to feed her family: her father, a drunkard, her stepmother and her little children. No matter how dirty her “profession” is, Sonya Marmeladova is worthy of respect. Throughout the work, she proved her spiritual beauty.

N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". If Andriy, the youngest son of Taras Bulba, turned out to be a traitor, then Ostap, the eldest son, showed himself as strong personality, a real warrior. He did not betray his father and Motherland, he fought to the last. Ostap was executed in front of his father. But no matter how hard, painful and scary he was, during the execution he did not make a sound. Ostap is a true hero who gave his life for his Motherland.

V. Rasputin "French Lessons". Lydia Mikhailovna, an ordinary teacher, was capable of self-sacrifice French. When her student, the hero of the work, came to school beaten, and Tishkin said that he was playing for money, Lidia Mikhailovna was in no hurry to tell the director about this. She found out that the boy was playing because he did not have enough money for food. Lidia Mikhailovna began to study French with a student, which was not given to him, at home, and then offered to play “zamyashki” with her for money. The teacher knew that this should not be done, but the desire to help the child was more important to her. When the director found out about everything, Lidia Mikhailovna was fired. Her seemingly wrong act turned out to be noble. The teacher sacrificed her reputation to help the boy.

N.D. Teleshov "Home". Semka, so eager to return to his native land, met an unfamiliar grandfather along the way. They walked together. On the way, the boy fell ill. The unknown person took him to the city, although he knew that he was not allowed to appear there: the grandfather had escaped from hard labor for the third time. Grandpa was caught in the city. He understood the danger, but the child's life was more important to him. Grandfather sacrificed his quiet life for the sake of a future stranger.

A. Platonov "Sand teacher". From the village of Khoshutovo, located in the desert, Maria Naryshkina helped to make a real green oasis. She devoted herself to work. But the nomads passed - not a trace remained of the green spaces. Maria Nikiforovna left for the district with a report, where she was offered to transfer to work in Safuta in order to teach the culture of the sands to the nomads who were moving to settled life. She agreed, which showed her readiness for self-sacrifice. Maria Naryshkina decided to devote herself to a good cause, not thinking about her family or the future, but helping people in their difficult struggle with the sands.

M.A. Bulgakov "Master and Margarita". For the sake of the Master, Margarita was ready for anything. She made a deal with the devil, was the queen at the ball with Satan. And all in order to see the Master. True love forced the heroine to make self-sacrifice, to pass all the trials prepared for her by fate.

A.T. Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin". Main character works - a simple Russian guy, honestly and selflessly fulfilling his soldier's duty. His crossing the river was a real heroic deed. Vasily Terkin was not afraid of the cold: he knew that he needed to convey the lieutenant's request. What the hero has done seems impossible, unbelievable. This is a feat of a simple Russian soldier.

Enemy bombers hovered over the Volga day and night. They chased not only tugs, self-propelled guns, but also fishing boats, small rafts - sometimes the wounded were transported to them.

Composition

In difficult times of war, when hunger and death become constant companions, not everyone is able to retain the ability to sacrifice himself for the good of the Motherland. In this text, V.M. Bogomolov invites us to think about the problem of heroism.

Turning to this problem, the author cites as an example the story of a “heroic voyage”, which during the Great Patriotic War was able to deliver ammunition to the other side through shelling and explosions. The writer focuses on the inconspicuousness of the "steamboat" carrying a barge with boxes, and on the unimpressiveness of the crew itself, consisting of three people. However, this was only a first impression. Later V.M. Bogomolov points out to us the invincibility of the “old Volgar”, who was not at all afraid of the shelling, and the self-sacrifice of Irina and the soldiers who, through smoke, fire and the risk of flying into the air at any moment, saved the boxes from fire. The author leads us to the idea of incredible strength the spirit of the entire crew, ready to sacrifice their lives for the sake of saving ammunition and the further victory of their Fatherland in the war.

The author believes that heroism is a sense of duty to one's people and one's Fatherland. Selflessly defending the Motherland during the war, the fighters are driven precisely by heroism, by an urgent need to help their homeland by any means.

I fully agree with the opinion Soviet writer and I also believe that a sense of patriotism, a sense of duty to the fatherland can make a person, in spite of any difficulties, perform heroic deeds.

We can observe the manifestation of true heroism in the story of Boris Polevoy "The Tale of a Real Man". This work is based on real facts from the biography of fighter pilot Alexei Maresyev, who, having been shot down in battle over the occupied territory, with injured feet, but not with a broken spirit, for a long time made his way through the forest and gets to the partisans. And later, having lost both legs, the hero, driven by the desire to do as much as possible for his country, again sits at the helm and replenishes the treasury of air victories of the Soviet Union.

The problem of heroism and courage is also revealed in the story of M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man". The main character, Andrey Sokolov, who lost his entire family, was still able to repay his debt to his homeland with his last strength. He was a military driver to the last, and when he was captured, he was not embarrassed for a moment in front of Miller, was not afraid of death and showed him the full power of the Russian character. Later, Sokolov escaped from captivity and, even being terribly emaciated and tormented, was still full of readiness to sacrifice himself for the sake of victory.

Thus, we can conclude that in the all-consuming, all-destroying conditions of war, the simplest person, endowed only with a deep feeling of love for the Motherland and a sincere desire to help, can show himself to be a true hero.

In the text proposed for analysis, Yu. Ya. Yakovlev raises the problem of feat, heroism and selflessness. That's what he's thinking about.

This problem of a socio-moral nature cannot but excite modern man.

The writer reveals this problem on the example of a story about a history teacher who had the opportunity to save his life, but when he learned that the inhabitants of Kragujevac were dying, among whom were his students, he decided to be with the children in their dying hour so that they would not it was so scary and to soften the picture of horror that

unfolded in front of them: “He was afraid to be late and ran all the way, and when he got to Kragujevac, he could hardly stand on his feet.

He found his class, gathered all his students. And many more children joined this fifth grade, because when a teacher is nearby, it’s not so scary.”

The writer also shows the masculinity, fearlessness and selflessness of the teacher, his love for children, how he inspired them by teaching them his last lesson: “Children,” the teacher said, “I told you how real people died for their homeland. Now it's our turn. Come on! Your last history lesson is about to begin.” And fifth

the class followed their teacher.”

The author's position is clear: Yu. Ya. Yakovlev believes that a feat can mean not only saving the lives of other people, but also helping in the hour of death, for example, becoming an example to follow and support, especially if you have to sacrifice your life for this.

This problem is reflected in fiction. For example, in F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment, Sonya Marmeladova sacrifices herself, living on a “yellow ticket” in order to feed her stepmother, who is ill with consumption, her young children and her father, a drunkard. Sonya helps Raskolnikov to overcome himself, shares his fate, following him to hard labor. Throughout the novel, Sonya performs repeated feats, trying to save and saving the lives of people dear and close to her, which characterizes her as a highly moral person, strong in spirit.

Another example is Maxim Gorky's story "The Old Woman Izergil", in particular, the legend about Danko, which is told by the old woman Izergil. Danko, in order to prove his love for people, tore his chest, took out his burning heart and ran forward, holding it like a torch, thereby leading people out of the dark forest. Danko is the embodiment of selfless, sublime and sacrificial love for people, he accomplished a feat, sacrificing himself for their salvation.

Thus, we can draw the following conclusion: a feat means not only saving the lives of others, but also help, self-sacrifice.

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