Refutation of Raskolnikov's theory F. Dostoevsky creates in the novel a special artistic system that refutes Raskolnikov's theory
“The eternal dispute between the Angel and the Demon takes place in our own conscience, and the worst thing is that we sometimes do not know which of them we love more, who we wish victory more ...” D. S. Merezhkovsky You say that Dostoevsky described himself in their heroes, imagining that all people are like that. And what! The result is that even in these exceptional faces, not only we, people related to him, but foreigners recognize themselves, their souls. Leo Tolstoy Double - a person who has a complete resemblance to another. An antipode is a person who is opposite to someone in terms of beliefs, properties, tastes, views. -Who, in your opinion, belongs to the twins, and who to the antipodes of Raskolnikov? What do we know about her? What does she do? What feeling does she evoke? How does Raskolnikov see her? How does Alena Ivanovna characterize her attitude towards Lizaveta? Can we call her Raskolnikov's "double"? In connection with what appears in the novel Luzhin? Why should Luzhin marry a dowry? Why is the appearance of Luzhin in the novel delayed? Why does the author pit Luzhin against Sonya? How does Luzhin reveal himself in the words “a business man listens and eats, and then he eats”? Can we call him Raskolnikov's "double"? Luzhin Petr Petrovich Why is Luzhin afraid of the police? Like his theory, expressed in the words: “Love, first of all, only yourself, for everything in the world is based on personal interest. If you love yourself alone, then you will do your business properly ... ”- connected with Raskolnikov’s theory? - What is the complexity and inconsistency of this image? - Why is the appearance of Svidrigailov connected with Luzhin? What do we learn about his past? - Who is to blame for the fact that a strong man became a criminal? Arkady Ivanovich Svidrigailov - What attracts Raskolnikov to Svidrigailov? - How to explain his attitude towards Dunya and the children of Marmeladov? Why does he commit suicide? A. Baluev as Svidrigailov Who is Lebezyatnikov? When and under what circumstances did he meet Luzhin? Why does Luzhin decide to stay with Lebezyatnikov in St. Petersburg? How did Lebezyatnikov "develop" Sonya and why did it stop? What " latest destinations ours” represents Lebeziatnikov? What ideas of the socialists sound like a caricature in the mouth of Lebezyatnikov? What is Lebezyatnikov's vulgarity? When are the best qualities of Lebezyatnikov manifested? How does he save Sonya? Dmitry Razumikhin Porfiry Petrovich What is the relationship between Raskolnikov and Razumikhin? Why, given the same financial situation, Razumikhin does not come up with ideas similar to Raskolnikov's thoughts? Why does Raskolnikov, having conceived a crime, decide after that to go to Razumikhin? Dmitry Razumikhin How does Razumikhin react to Raskolnikov's article? Sergei Peregudov as Razumikhin Why does he say that his theory is worse than allowing blood by law? How and how did Razumikhin help Raskolnikov? Raskolnikov and Porfiry Petrovich "Three meetings of Porfiry with Raskolnikov are genuine and wonderful polyphonic dialogues." MM Bakhtin Polyphonism - harmonious polyphony Why did Raskolnikov go to Porfiry Petrovich for the first time? After what events did he decide to have a dialogue with the investigator? Reread the dialogue of the characters: “So you still believe in the New Jerusalem? “I believe,” Raskolnikov answered firmly ... “Do you believe in God? ... Do you believe in the resurrection of Lazarus?” Why did Raskolnikov stumble, - I believe ... answering one of the questions - Do you literally believe? investigator. When still on the pages - Literally. novel will sound the name of Lazarus? Can the second meeting with the investigator be considered culminating? How does the theme of suffering, which arose in the first conversation, begin to “sound” in this meeting? Why did the last meeting take place at the initiative of the investigator? Why did he himself come to the protagonist's closet? What new things do we learn about Porfiry Petrovich's attitude to Raskolnikov's idea and to the hero himself? What way out of the impasse does Porfiry suggest? Does the protagonist follow his advice?
Refutation of Raskolnikov's theory
F.M. Dostoevsky creates in the novel a special art system refutes Raskolnikov's theory. The purpose of the lesson is to consider the main "elements" of this system: the calculation and the case in Raskolnikov's crime; unforeseen casualties; "twins" of Raskolnikov; the truth of Sonya Marmeladova. Lesson plan: 1. Calculation and case. 2. Unforeseen casualties. 3. Friends and "like-minded" Raskolnikov. 4. "Twins" Raskolnikov. 5. The truth of Sonya Marmeladova.
The plan of the novel "Crime and Punishment".
Calculation and case
Despite the fact that Raskolnikov calculates everything to the smallest detail, during the crime, chance prevails: the hero successfully finds an ax in the janitor (at first he is going to take it from the mistress), slips imperceptibly into the gateway of the old woman's house (it is closed from prying eyes by a hay cart) and miraculously gets out of there (while Koch and Pestryakov climb the stairs, he manages to run into an empty apartment). The conclusion is obvious: life cannot be calculated, reduced to arithmetic formula or theory.
Unforeseen casualties
Unforeseen casualties
When Raskolnikov goes to " sample”, he thinks only about the murder of the old money-lender. But one evil leads another: after death no one needs» the old woman is followed by death…………, arrest and……………, illness and………. .
"Opponents of Raskolnikov"
The novel "Crime and Punishment" is an ideological novel. Each character is the bearer of an idea. In order to expose the unnaturalness, inhumanity of Raskolnikov's theory, the author introduces the hero's opponents: ..., ...... ..., ... ... ... .., - bringing his views to extremes.
Ideological positions are realized in dialogues. “His conversation is usually torture, or at least a test; Isn't it a psychological game of cats and mice - a conversation between the investigator and Raskolnikov? ... typical for him is a meeting-collision, a conversation-discord ”(Yu. Aikhenvald).
Pyotr Petrovich Luzhin.
In connection with what does Luzhin appear in the novel?
Why should Luzhin marry a dowry?
Why is the appearance of Luzhin in the novel delayed, at first we learn a lot about him?
Why does the author pit Luzhin against Sonya?
Why is Alena Ivanovna shown in the novel first, and then Luzhin? How does Luzhin reveal himself in the words: “But a business man listens, but eats, and then he will eat”?
And what is the essence of Luzhin's "economic" theory?
Why is Luzhin afraid of the police?
Can we call him Raskolnikov's "double"?
Like his theory, expressed in the words: “Love, first of all, only yourself, for everything in the world is based on personal interest. If you love yourself alone, then you will do your business properly ... ", connected with Raskolnikov's theory?
low man " And " fraudstersuspicious place
Pyotr Petrovich Luzhin is outwardly a rather pleasant gentleman. He knows how to dress well and speak well. However, Lebezyatnikov is right when he calls him a "slanderer", " low man" And " fraudster". Luzhin shoots for future bride and mother-in-law an apartment in " suspicious place", because he is sorry for the other money; complains to Pulcheria Andreevna about the behavior of his son, intending to quarrel the family with the help of gossip; puts money in Sonya's pocket to discredit her and Raskolnikov in the eyes of others. The most interesting thing is that Luzhin has his own “calculation” (he is going to marry a noble and poor girl, so that she will consider him a benefactor all her life) and his own little “theory” (you don’t need to give a beggar half a caftan, it’s better to leave it to yourself, then society will be more useful) - and in this he is similar to Raskolnikov.
Svidrigailov Arkady Ivanovich
What is the complexity and inconsistency of the image of Svidrigailov?
Why is the appearance of Svidrigailov in the novel connected with Luzhin?
What is the peculiarity of the appearance of Svidrigailov? What do we learn about Svidrigailov, his past?
Why does Raskolnikov's mental anguish intensify at the sight of this hero? Why does Svidrigailov say to Raskolnikov: "We are of the same field"?
What views are revealed in the phrase "Everyone thinks of himself"?
What do Svidrigailov's nightmares tell about, in which the people ruined by him appear? (Compare, Raskolnikov cannot forget Alena Ivanovna and Lizaveta killed by him).
Why is the hero's past given, how does he change?
Who is to blame for the fact that a strong man became a criminal? How to explain Svidrigailov's attitude to Dunya, to children, Marmeladov?
Why does Svidrigailov commit suicide?
step over
Arkady Ivanovich Svidrigailov is certainly a more complex type than Luzhin. From the letter of Pulcheria Andreevna, an image of a despot and a libertine arises: he was in prison, involved in several love stories, brought his wife to the grave ... At the same time, Svidrigailov is capable of Noble act: it is he who, after the death of Katerina Ivanovna, ensures the future of the Marmeladov children. Unlike Luzhin, Svidrigailov is very smart and understands Raskolnikov well: “Well, didn’t I say that there is some kind of common point between us, huh?” IN in a certain sense he is right: both consider themselves entitled " step over» moral laws. However, if for Raskolnikov this is a “temporary measure”, then for Svidrigailov it is the “law of life”: “We imagine eternity as an idea that cannot be understood, something huge, huge. And suddenly, instead, imagine, there will be one room there, something like a village bath, smoky, and spiders in all corners ...” The death of Svidrigailov is an unwillingness to live as before. He is Raskolnikov's "double" because; he was able to "step over the blood". Svidrigailov's life is Raskolnikov's path after the crime, if he had passed the test of conscience.
Porfiry Petrovich.
How do the prophetic words of Porfiry Petrovich come true in the behavior and in the inner state of the hero: “He lied incomparably, but he didn’t manage to calculate nature”? What are the heroes talking about?
What are the arguments put forward in the dispute by the criminal and the investigator? Which of them do you think is right?
What way out of the impasse does Porfiry Petrovich suggest? Does the hero follow his advice?
Porfiry Petrovich
With the image of Porfiry Petrovich, one of major topics- the theme of punishment. Investigator Porfiry Petrovich guesses about the "split" in the soul of the protagonist. It is possible that such “sick” questions once occurred to him as well. That is why he eventually stops the game of cat and mouse, which is painful for Raskolnikov, and offers to confess to the crime himself: “In any case, I consider you the most noble person, sir, and even with the beginnings of generosity, sir, although I do not agree with you in all your convictions. As a result, I came to you with an open and direct proposal - to make a confession” .
The truth of Sonya Marmeladova.
In the novel "Crime and Punishment" there are two truths: the truth of Raskolnikov and the truth of Sonya. Two scenes of the novel depicting Raskolnikov's conversations with Sonya - part 4, ch. 4; part 5, ch. 4, are key to understanding Sony's truth.
Analysis of 1 scene (part 4, ch. 4).
Why did Raskolnikov choose Sonya as his interlocutor?
How long does “Sonya’s patience extend, should she also rebel”? Raskolnikov in this scene acts as a snake-tempter. Raskolnikov to Sonya
I know "and about how you went at 6 o'clock."
“Katerina Ivanovna almost beat you.”
"And what will happen to you?"
"Katerina Ivanovna is in consumption, angry, she will die soon."
"What if you get sick now?"
“Children will go out into the street in a crowd.”
“It will probably be the same with Polechka.”
What is the result of this painful conversation?
Gospel Reading Scene. What is the role of this episode in understanding the author's idea?
Analysis of 2 scenes (part 5, ch. 4).
WITH what purpose does Raskolnikov come to Sonya for the second time?
Watching the vocabulary, follow how Sonya's weakness gradually turns into strength, and Raskolnikov loses all his confidence.
for myself alone
The "criminal" theory of Raskolnikov, who imagines himself a man-god, F.M. Dostoevsky contrasts the truth with the life of Sonya Marmeladova - the bearer of truly Christian ideas of mercy, humility and holiness. Raskolnikov tells Sonya that they are similar: “ We are cursed together, let's go together!". However, this is not so: Sonya "crosses over" for the sake of loved ones, while Raskolnikov kills " for myself alone". The culmination of the relationship between Raskolnikov and Sonya is the reading of the Gospel of John about the resurrection of Lazarus: Christ, during his stay on earth, resurrected the deceased Lazarus, who had been in the tomb for four days. By this time, just four days have passed since the murder of the old pawnbroker and her sister. bible story gives Raskolnikov hope: not only God can resurrect, having conquered death, but also, with God's help, every person. That is why he decides to confess to the crime he committed.
The truth of Sonya Marmeladova: hard labor
When Raskolnikov is sentenced to hard labor, Sonya decides to follow him. She guesses that Raskolnikov has ceased to believe in his "exclusivity", but his views have remained the same. Other people feel it too: no one wants to deal with him. Sonya, on the contrary, is loved and respected by everyone. Her compassion, mercy and faith help Raskolnikov eventually return to the path of truth.
Conclusion
F.M. Dostoevsky creates a special artistic system in the novel, which refutes Raskolnikov's theory, which allows " blood of conscience". Although Raskolnikov calculates everything to the smallest detail, during the crime, chance prevails. Main character is going to kill only the old money-lender, but one victim is followed by others. Razumikhin and Porfiry Petrovich understand Raskolnikov's doubts about justice in society, but they do not agree with his inhumane theory. Negative sides Raskolnikov's theories are demonstrated by his "twins": Luzhin and Svidrigailov: they disgust Raskolnikov, but he is forced to admit that there is some kind of " common point ". Raskolnikov does not believe in the power of love, but life path Sonya Marmeladova proves the opposite: every person can be treated with love and respect.
Tests
After studying the material of the lesson "Refutation of Raskolnikov's theory", test your knowledge by answering the questions of the final test.
Which of the heroes owns the theory of "whole caftans"?
Luzhin
Svidrigailov
Porfiry Petrovich
Which of the characters is Raskolnikov's "double"?
Razumikhin
Svidrigailov
Lebezyatnikov
What is Raskolnikov's main idea? The main idea of Raskolnikov's theory is life according to the principle "everything is allowed".
IMAGE OF LOUZHIN Who is Luzhin? What do we know about him? Raskolnikov claims that Luzhin's views are close to his theory. Do you agree with him? (Part 2, Ch. 5) What reasoning from the mother's letter about Luzhin attracted Raskolnikov's special attention? What thoughts and feelings do they give rise to in Raskolnikov and why? What is your impression of Luzhin? Why would Luzhin take a dowry as his wife? Why is the appearance of Luzhin in the novel delayed, although at the beginning we learn a lot about him?
THE IMAGE OF LOUZHIN Why does the author pit Luzhin against Sonya? Why are Alena Ivanovna first shown in the novel, and then Luzhin? How does Luzhin reveal himself in the words “and a business man listens and eats, and then he eats”? Why is Luzhin afraid of the police? Can we call him Raskolnikov's "double"? As his theory, expressed in the words “Love, first of all, only yourself, for everything in the world is based on personal interest. If you love yourself alone, then you will do your business properly ... ", connected with Raskolnikov's theory?
Luzhin (in quotes) "Smart and, it seems, kind." “I decided to take an honest girl, but without a dowry, and certainly one who has already experienced a distress.” “A husband should not owe anything to his wife, and it is much better if the wife considers her husband to be her benefactor, she will be slavishly grateful to him all her life. . . and it will be limitless. . . dominate." “More than anything in the world, he loved and valued his money, obtained by labor and by all means: they equaled him with everything that was higher than him.”
Conclusion Luzhin, in order to achieve his selfish goal, “for himself alone”, is ready to “overcome all obstacles”, lives by the principle “everything is allowed”. In this, his theory is close to Raskolnikov's. The only god for Luzhin is money. Remorse and compassion are unknown to him. We see in him the absence of deep human feelings, vanity, heartlessness, bordering on meanness. And we hear Dostoevsky's thought about the inhumanity of selfish self-affirmation at the expense of others.
Image of Svidrigailov What do you know about Svidrigailov's life before his arrival in St. Petersburg? How does this life characterize him? Use the material of the mother's letter, Luzhin's words about him and the stories of Svidrigailov himself. How does this person make you feel? What principle guides Svidrigailov in his life? What is Raskolnikov's opinion about Svidrigailov after reading his mother's letter?
The image of Svidrigailov How did Raskolnikov first see Svidrigailov? What details of Svidrigailov's appearance did he especially remember? What sound background does Dostoevsky use when describing this meeting? How is the inconsistency of Svidrigailov's character manifested at the time of the first meeting with Raskolnikov? What actions of Svidrigailov especially clearly show that he is a complex person, in whose soul there are the makings of good and cold evil? Why was Raskolnikov interested in Svidrigailov? What feelings does this person evoke in Raskolnikov? Why does Svidrigailov come to suicide, while Raskolnikov does not recognize such a path?
Svidrigailov (in quotes) "One field of berries". "Here, maybe we'll get closer." "There is something about you that suits me." ". . . Indeed, I am a depraved and idle person. . . » . ". . And I'm a gloomy, boring person. Do you think hilarious? No, gloomy: I do no harm, and I sit in a corner; sometimes they don't talk for three days. . . » . ". . . I am a sinful person. He-he-he!. . . » . ". . . I love cesspools with dirt. . . » . "But what if there are only spiders or something like that ...".
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. SIMILARITY Both are selfish. Both are criminals (Raskolnikov kills to test his theory - Svidrigailov wants to satisfy all desires at any cost: "a single villainy is permissible if the main goal is good"). They consider themselves to be "entitled". Strong personalities. Capable of good deeds. The fates are similar (Svidrigailov was involved in a criminal case, was “in some very close and mysterious relationships” with a “petty pawnbroker”, people die through his fault, and, finally, his suicide echoes Raskolnikov’s spiritual suicide: “I’m not an old woman killed, I killed myself ".) DIFFERENCES 1. Raskolnikov is "corroded" by doubts, and Svidrigailov is not tormented by remorse. 2. Raskolnikov lives for the sake of an idea, Svidrigailov lives for the sake of pleasures. 3. For Raskolnikov, the murder is a tragedy, Svidrigailov lives with a "clear conscience." 4. Raskolnikov is driven by a goal, and Svidrigailov is driven by vice. 5. Raskolnikov ascetic - Svidrigailov is a vicious, depraved person.
Conclusion We see Svidrigailov as a person devoid of all moral foundations, not recognizing any moral prohibitions; lives by the principle "everything is allowed". Raskolnikov, allowing himself "blood according to conscience" also denies moral responsibility strong man for your actions; moral norms, in his opinion, exist only for the lowest category of people - "trembling creatures". The truth with which Raskolnikov came as a result of long reflections is used by Luzhin and Svidrigailov as a guide to action.
SUMMARY Luzhin and Svidrigailov consider themselves "powers of this world", they live and act according to the principle "everything is allowed", their theories acquire an openly inhuman, cynical character. Raskolnikov, communicating with the powers that be, cannot accept their life, although he tries to rank himself among strong of the world of this, people who live according to his theory are unpleasant to him. This comparison elevates Raskolnikov. Pushing these heroes together, the author refutes Raskolnikov's theory, reveals its inhumanity.
Briefly ... Who are the twins of Raskolnikov in the novel? How do they reveal the fallacy of Raskolnikov's philosophy? What unites Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov? What is common and different between the hero and Luzhin?
E. Buyanov’s reflection says this about the difference between Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov: Svidrigailov in “Crime and Punishment” is also indifferent, bored and only warm ... This is his main difference from Raskolnikov, because the latter is sometimes cold, sometimes hot, but never warm . And, according to Porfiry Petrovich, "life will endure" him. God saved Raskolnikov, so he overcame Svidrigailov's pride and idleness in himself. How do you understand the words warm, cold, hot?
Homework Reread the episodes of the novel related to Sonya (part 4, ch. IV; part 5, ch. IV: part 1, ch. II). Think about the question “What is the “truth” of Sonya? » . Prove that the author claims the "truth" of Sonya Marmeladova.
Thanks for the lesson! *** His conscience became a prophet and a poet, And the Karamazovs and demons lived in him, - But what now shines for us with a soft light, That was for him a painful fire. I. F. Annensky V. Perov "Portrait of the writer Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky", 1872 Oil on canvas. 99 x 80, 5. Signed at the bottom right: V. Perov 1872, May. Made by order of P. M. Tretyakov
"Raskolnikov's Crime" - Raskolnikov is dual. Dream of Raskolnikov. Causes of Raskolnikov's crime. Raskolnikov's self-deception. The essence of Raskolnikov's theory. The voice of conscience. Student conversation. Crime and Punishment. Meeting with a drunk girl. Theory. My discovery of Dostoevsky. Raskolnikov. The state of loneliness. Mother's letter. Marmeladov's story. Raskolnikov prays. Origins of crime. Quotes. N. V. Gogol "Overcoat".
"Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment"" - Theory of Raskolnikov. Crime and Punishment. Idea man. Refutation of Raskolnikov's theory. Righteous. Project questions. Napoleon. Evaluation criteria. Cross of Lizaveta, which Sonya is going to wear. Petersburg of Dostoevsky. Urbanists. Projects.
"Refutation of Raskolnikov's theory" - Crime and punishment. Suicide. Analysis. Pleasant sir. Gospel reading. The truth of Sonya Marmeladova. The inconsistency of the image of Svidrigailov. Basov as Luzhin. Lesson material. Conscience blood. Which of the characters is the "double" of Raskolnikov. Hard labor. The theme of punishment. The theory of "whole coats". Calculation and case. Raskolnikov. Refutation of Raskolnikov's theory. Svidrigailov Arkady Ivanovich
"Petersburg in Crime and Punishment" - The originality of Dostoevsky's talent. Raskolnikov commits murder. Dostoevsky's genius. Landscape paintings of St. Petersburg. Believe yourself. Insert missing words. Urban landscape. Development of analysis skills artwork. In today's world, Dostoevsky's tocsin is buzzing, incessantly appealing to humanity and humanism. Who owns the rooms. Dostoevsky. Svidrigailov. The city is magnificent, the city is poor.
"Raskolnikov and Marmeladova" - Raising the question only of the moral improvement of each person, the writer turned to religion. Sonya's nature can be defined in one word - loving. The idea of rebellion is embodied in the image of Raskolnikov, the idea of humility is embodied in the image of Sonya. For Sonya, all people have the same right to life. Sonya Marmeladova - moral ideal Dostoevsky. Sonya debauchery was worse than death. Rodion Raskolnikov and Sonya Marmeladova.
"Images in "Crime and Punishment"" - Place in the structure of the novel. Causes. Marmeladov family. Crime and Punishment. Which of the heroes of the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" can be called "the little man". Once in a tavern. The old moneymaker. Statement. People are divided into two categories. Lesson material. Raskolnikov. Raskolnikov's crime. historical figure. Gets acquainted with the titular adviser. Boklevsky. Raskolnikov's theory.
Pyotr Petrovich Luzhin is one of those heroes of the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment", whose path is absolutely not accepted by either Rodion Raskolnikov in his throwing and searching for truth, or the author himself. Luzhin is a prosperous person, a businessman of a new, capitalist formation. He serves on public service and at the same time successfully engaged in private business. In St. Petersburg, he is going to open a law office, here he is going to marry Raskolnikov's sister, Duna, and arrange new apartment. He is prosperous, has means, is carefully and fashionably dressed, and is proud of his progressive convictions. But his love for progress does not hide his moral poverty - mercy and compassion for others are alien to this person. He chose Dunya as his bride on the basis that the girl noble birth, beautiful and educated, but the dowry has endured a lot in her life, which means she will owe everything to her benefactor. He speaks about the economic prosperity of society, preaching open egoism and denying the biblical commandments, considering it necessary first of all to “love” yourself and take care only of your well-being. Realizing that Rodion is against marriage with Dunya, Luzhin begins to intrigue, trying to quarrel Rodion with his sister and mother in order to weaken his influence. Finally, in order to compromise Sonya, Pyotr Petrovich goes to an openly vile act: having planted money on her, he accuses Sonya of stealing. Sonya seems to Luzhin to be a serious hindrance, exerting her influence on Rodion, and, consequently, on Avdotya Romanovna. For his accusation, Luzhin chooses a tense dramatic moment: the scandal between Katerina Ivanovna and the landlady at Sonya's father's funeral. In the presence of many people, Luzhin tells how he invited Sonya to his room, gave her a ten-ruble ticket to commemorate her father, and then discovered that one of the hundred-ruble tickets had disappeared. Sonya is terribly embarrassed and frightened: as a believer, she has never taken someone else's things in her life, but how to prove her case if everyone around “looked at her with such terrible, strict, mocking, hateful faces”? She wants to give Luzhin the ten rubles she received from him, but she has nothing more to say in her defense. The drama of the scene is enhanced by the fact that the hostess was about to call the police, as Luzhin demands, and Katerina Ivanovna throws his ten-ruble note in his face. She shouts in anger that Sonya is not a thief, and offers to search her pockets. And it was then that a folded hundred-ruble bill flew out of Sonya's pocket. Pyotr Petrovich triumphs, the hostess demands the police, Katerina Ivanovna appeals for the protection of those present. Luzhin is ready to generously forgive Sonya, since it was important for him to compromise her and he achieved his goal: everyone took pity on Sonya, but thought she was a thief. Only an accident frustrated his plans: Lebezyatnikov, who appeared, acquitted Sonya. He saw how Luzhin himself slipped Sonya the ill-fated ticket, but he thought that Pyotr Petrovich did so out of nobility. Now Lebeziatnikov understood how deceived he was in this man, and is not afraid to tell Luzhin in the face that he is a liar and a slanderer. The episode ends with a successful showdown: Katerina Ivanovna is glad that there is someone to protect Sonya, and Raskolnikov exposes Luzhin in his secret plans.
The meaning of this episode in the novel is important for full completion the author of Luzhin's character: the type of an enterprising businessman, an egoist and a low, vile person from the moral side is worthy only of contempt and condemnation. For Rodion Raskolnikov, this is completely obvious, he rejects this path, considering it completely unacceptable for himself. This scene also conveys the dynamics of development storyline the history of the Marmeladov family, the tension and drama of the atmosphere in which the events take place. tragic fate Sonya, Katerina Ivanovna evokes the sympathy of the reader, and the author's image of the psychology of the characters - admiration for the peculiarities of the artistic skill of F.M. Dostoevsky.
