Presentation on the topic "interesting facts about the violin". Violin - a musical instrument - history, photos, videos Interesting facts from the history and life of the violin

A violin report for children grade 5 will briefly tell you a lot useful information about this folk musical instrument.

Message about the violin

Violin- bowed string musical instrument high register. Has a folk origin modern look acquired in the 16th century, became widespread in the 17th century.

The violin is a refined and refined musical instrument. No wonder she was given the role of the queen of the orchestra.

History of the violin for children

Violin folk origin: her progenitors were the Spanish fidel , Arabic rebab and German company . The fusion of these instruments led to the appearance of the violin.

In the middle of the XVI century in the north of Italy there was modern design violins. Up to early XVII For centuries, the Amati family, Italy, was engaged in the manufacture of violins. The instruments were distinguished by excellent material and excellent shape. In general, Italy has firmly taken a leading position in the manufacture of violins. High Quality. At one time they were engaged in Guarneri and Stradivari, whose instruments are today valued at the highest level.

She became a solo instrument in the 17th century. The first works written for her are "Romanesca per violino solo e basso" (Marini from Brescia 1620) and "Capriccio stravagante" (Farin). Founder artistic game on the queen of the orchestra was A. Corelli, then Torelli, Tartini, Pietro Locatelli.

Description of the violin

The instrument has 4 strings, which are tuned in fifths - salt of a small octave, re, la of the first octave, mi of the second octave, respectively. It consists of the following parts:

• Frame. It is oval in shape with notches rounded on the sides, forming the so-called "waist" of the violin. This roundness ensures the convenience of the game. The lower and upper parts of the body (deck) are connected by shells. The lower part is made of maple, and the upper part is made of Tyrolean spruce. The top deck has 2 resonator holes (effects) that affect the timbre of the sound. In the middle of the upper part there is a stand with strings fixed on a tailpiece made of ebony strips. It expands towards the attachment of the strings. A round pin, darling, is inserted inside the resonant spruce body. It provides the resonance of the vibration of the sound.
• Vulture. This is a long piece of ebony or plastic. Its lower part is attached to a polished and rounded bar - the neck.

The composition of the varnish with which it is coated and the material of manufacture also affect the sound of the instrument.

violin sound

The violin produces a graceful and assertive sound. The timbre of the sound depends on the quality of the instrument, the choice of strings and the skill of the performer. Bass strings produce a rich, thick, harsh and austere sound. The middle strings sound soulful, soft, velvety. The upper register of the strings sounds sunny, loud and bright. The performer of works can modify the sounds, introducing his own palette of sounds.

• In 2003, Athira Krishna from India entered the Guinness Book of Records by playing the violin continuously for 32 hours.
• Playing an instrument burns 170 calories an hour.
• Before 1750 strings were made from sheep's intestines.
• The tool stimulates the brain.
• In the city of Guangzhou (southern China), the smallest violin in the world, 1 cm long, was created.

We hope that the presentation about the violin for children helped you prepare for the lesson, and you learned a lot of interesting facts about it. And your short story about the violin you can leave through the comment form below.

The violin is an ideal instrument for developing the imagination. Playing it is also good because it gives the ability to creative insights.
Did you know that out of more than a hundred musicians in the professional symphony orchestra more than thirty are violinists?
The beauty of tone, as well as the wide range of expression of sounds, are considered much better in violins than in any other instrument.

The violin, practically the only musical instrument, apart from ritual drums and Greek harps, was deified. The names of the parts of the violin have been preserved: head, neck, chest, waist, darling. The violin was created as an analogue of the human voice. Until now, even on the most modern technology, failed to synthesize the timbre of the human voice and the violin. For centuries, technology, materials and methods of its manufacture have been perfected, which have practically not changed since the middle of the 18th century. The violin has become one of the most classical instruments.

The device of the violin is the most complex in terms of physics, acoustics and resistance of materials. In fact, this is the most complex acoustic device that requires fine tuning and adjustments.
The exact date of birth of the violin is unknown, but one can still approximately judge the time of its occurrence - this is the end of the fifteenth or the beginning of the sixteenth century. The very first violins were made by the same masters who made lutes and viols, and then violin makers appeared. One of them, Gasparo Bertolotti, settled in 1562 in the Italian town of Brescia and worked there until the end of his days. Bertolotti had many students, and among them - Giovanni Paolo Magini, who later founded his own school of masters.

Bertolotti, Magini and their students have already arrived at basically the form of the violin that we know. And the sound of the instruments also took shape with them - it became louder and brighter than that of the viols. And the first Brescian masters, apparently, did not set themselves any other tasks. Their work was continued by the famous Cremonese. However, "continued" is not entirely accurate.

There are many schools and trends in violin making, but the most prominent are Italian, French and German. All of them have their advantages and disadvantages and differ significantly from each other both in sound and manufacturing methods. The sound of the instruments of the Italian school is recognized as the most timbral, plastic and manageable. That is, the musician can control the timbre characteristics of the instrument. Sound of instruments German school characterized by brightness and emptiness. French instruments sound somewhat "glassy" and booming. Although in all schools there were instruments with "foreign" signs.

Dramatic and sometimes mystical events always unfold around the violin. crime stories connected, including with bloody murders, not a single musical instrument in the world was involved. Masters have not put their soul into any musical instrument so much, endowing each of their products with unique features that allow them to appropriate the instrument as a person, given name. No musical instrument appears regularly on famous auctions, where astronomical, most often seven-digit, figures appear in connection with it. No one! Except the violin.

So why do things like this always unfold around her?! Let's dig history! The violin “came” from an old viol - a fairly large instrument with frets on the fingerboard. The viol was played while sitting, holding it between the legs or laying it sideways on the thigh. Years passed, the instrument changed. History links the final transformation of the viola into a violin with three families of violin makers from Italian city Cremona: Amati, Guarneri and Stradivari. It is the founder of the Stradivari dynasty - Antonio (1644-1736) - who is revered as the main creator of the modern violin.

The new instrument had many influential opponents and even outright enemies. And the violin took the place that it rightfully deserved only thanks to the great musicians who advanced the technique of violin playing far ahead. And the most notable of them was the great Niccolo Paganini.
his performances led the audience into ecstasy.
Those present were always amazed by his incredible, “inhuman” mastery of performance. He effortlessly extracted virtuoso trills from the violin, performed the most complex variations even on one string.
They said that his art is the music of heaven, angelic voices. But there were others who whispered behind the musician's back that witchcraft signs were inscribed on his instrument and that he had long ago sold his soul to the devil...
Having known all the facets of success, the brilliant violinist lived to be 58 years old, leaving behind several million francs and dozens of works written by him. musical works, some of which are so complex that no one can still play them. Humanity has not yet given birth to a second Paganini.

Amati Nicolo (1596-1684) was an Italian violin maker. From 2nd half of the XVI V. Throughout Italy, the violins of the masters of the Amati family, who had long lived in Cremona, became famous. In their works, the classical type of instrument, which has survived to this day, finally took shape. Violins and cellos, created by the most famous of the masters of the Amati family - Nicolo, are few and far between, and they are especially highly valued. It was from N. Amati that A. Guarneri and A. Stradivari adopted the most complex art of violin design.

The Guarneri are a family of Italian string instrument makers. The ancestor of the family, Andrea Guarneri (1626 - 1698) - a student of the famous N. Amati. Instruments created by his grandson, Giuseppe Guarneri (1698 - 1744), nicknamed del Gesu, received particular fame and recognition. Few instruments by del Gesú have survived (10 violas and 50 violins); they are currently of exceptional value.


Stradivari (Stradivarius) Antonio (c. 1644 - 1737) - an outstanding Italian violin maker, a student of the famous N. Amati (1596 - 1684). WITH young years before last days life Stradivari worked in his workshop, driven by the desire to bring the violin to the highest perfection. More than 1000 instruments made by the great master have survived, which are distinguished by the elegance of form and unsurpassed sound qualities. The successors of Stradivari were the masters C. Bergonzi and J. Guarneri.

In many countries, the clergy took up arms against good violinists - even in quiet Norway they were considered accomplices of dark forces, and Norwegian folk violins were burned like witches.
But not everyone knows that there were directly opposite stories!
If we look into a more ancient "layer" of time, we find that with bowed instruments, related to the violin, in fact, angels were originally depicted on the frescoes of temples and in handwritten Bibles, and in one old manuscript Christ was called not by anyone, but “beloved violinist”.
Such things were hushed up later, and the frescoes were destroyed, but on the fresco of St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, you can still see a musician playing a bowed instrument.

The word virtuoso was once applied to scientists. Many violinists were not only artists, artists, violin poets, but also scientists and inventors. (One violin work written at that time was called “sonata for inventive violin”).
The word "virtuoso" is now used (if we are talking about music) in only one sense - "technical". Meanwhile, the state of affairs has not changed: in order to play the violin well, including virtuoso music, you still need to have not developed muscles, but a flexible mind and strong intuition.

Interestingly, the opposite is also true: the violin stimulates the brain (which has a scientific explanation). It is not for nothing that many brilliant minds have enjoyed playing this magical instrument in their spare time to prepare their minds for the birth of new ideas. (See - the violin of Sherlock Holmes and Einstein).

No other musical instrument is covered with such an aura of mystery and mysteries as the violin. Here are a few interesting stories and unexpected facts about great violinists.

Nicolo Paganini

The most famous violinist in history is the Italian Nicolo Paganini. Paganini was a real genius of the violin, none of his contemporaries could even closely repeat his style of playing, the ease with which he performed the most complex passages with infallible accuracy. Paganini's performance had an almost hypnotic effect on the audience. Some believed that Paganini made a deal with the devil, because of which the church even tried to ban his concerts.

At one of the concerts, Paganini performed the composition on only two strings. One of his admirers enthusiastically told the maestro: "You are a completely unbearable person, who can now surpass you? Only the one who plays on one string, but this is absolutely impossible!" Paganini liked the idea, and two weeks later he performed the sonata on just one string.

Paganini gave concerts not only to the general public. All European monarchs invited him for a personal performance, and once Paganini even sang a Masonic anthem in the Grand Lodge of Italy. For these performances, he received huge fees, but because of his love for gambling often found himself in situations where he did not have enough money even for food. However, by old age he still managed to accumulate a small fortune.

Einstein

Few people know that the creator of the theory of relativity and the grandfather of the atomic bomb, physicist Albert Einstein, played the violin masterfully. Einstein had been playing the violin since the age of six, and in 1934 held a charity concert where he performed works by Mozart. In the German press, Einstein was not described as a scientist, but as "a great musician, an incomparable virtuoso violinist."

Screaming Guarineri

The most expensive musical instrument in the world is the violin Italian master Giuseppe Guarinieri. In 2010, it was sold at an auction in Chicago for $18 million. The same master made Paganini's favorite violin, which the virtuoso bequeathed to his native Genoa before his death.

Giuseppe Tartini

Another great violinist, Giuseppe Tartini, wrote the most complex piece ever written for the violin. Only a few can do it correctly, even today. Sonate du diable- Devil's Sonata or Devil's Trill.

Here is what Tartini told about the history of the composition of this work:

“Once, in 1713, I dreamed that I had sold my soul to the devil. Everything was as I wished - my new servant was ready to fulfill my every desire. I gave him my violin to see if he could play. How stunned I was to hear such a wonderful and beautiful sonata, performed with such skill and art that I could not even imagine. I felt bewitched, I couldn't breathe, and then I woke up. Immediately, I grabbed the violin to at least partially capture my dream. Alas, the difference between what I heard and wrote down is huge. Nevertheless, I still called this composition "Devil's Trill"".

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Violin