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The dog and its shadow
Bug was carrying a bone across the bridge. Look, her shadow is in the water. It came to the mind of the Bug that there was not a shadow in the water, but a Bug and a bone. She and let the bone in order to take it. She didn’t take that one, but her own went to the bottom.
Bad game Petya and Vanya had a game like this: they are like sheep beaten friend another forehead on forehead. The game was bad: Vanya became cone on the forehead, and Petya bump on the eye.
frog and mouse
The frog and the mouse started a quarrel. They got out and started to fight. The hawk sees that they forgot about him, went down and grabbed both.
monkey and pea The monkey was carrying two full handfuls of peas. One pea jumped out; the monkey wanted to pick it up and spilled twenty peas. She rushed to pick it up and spilled everything. Then she got angry, scattered all the peas and ran away.
Jackdaw and jug The jackdaw wanted to drink. There was a jug of water in the yard, and the jug only had water at the bottom. Jackdaw could not be reached. She began to throw pebbles into the jug and threw so many that the water became higher and it was possible to drink.
Turtle and eagle The tortoise asked the eagle to teach her how to fly. The eagle did not advise, because it did not fit her; and she kept asking. The eagle took it in its claws, lifted it up and let it go; she fell on the rocks and broke.
Ant and dove The ant went down to the stream: he wanted to get drunk. A wave swept over him and nearly drowned him. The dove carried a branch. She saw that the ant was drowning, and threw a branch into the stream for him. An ant sat on a branch and escaped. Then the hunter set the net on the dove and wanted to slam it shut. The ant crawled up to the hunter and bit him on the leg. The hunter groaned and dropped the net. The dove fluttered and flew away.
Lambs and wolf Sheep walked under the forest. Two lambs left the flock. The old sheep said: “Don’t be naughty, lambs, not long before trouble. And the wolf stood behind the bush and said: - It's not true, lambs, the sheep is old, her legs can't walk, she's so envious. Run alone across the field. .
. The lambs did just that. They moved away from the herd, and the wolf caught them and ate them.
man and cat The man got a lot of mice. He took a cat into the house to catch mice, and the cat thought that she was then taken to become fat herself. The cat began to eat bones and milk and became fat and smooth. And the cat did not catch mice anymore. She thought: “While I was thin and rough, I was afraid that they would not drive me away, but now I have become smooth and beautiful, and the peasant will not drive me away. He won’t soon finish another cat like me.”
And the man sees that the cat does not catch mice, and says to his wife: "Our cat is no good, look for a thin kitten." He took a fat cat, carried it into the forest and threw it away.
Hares and frogs Once the hares came together and began to cry for their lives:- And from people, and from dogs, and from eagles, and from other animals we die. Already better together to die than to live in fear and suffer. Let's drown! And the hares jumped into the lake to drown themselves. The frogs heard the hares and splashed into the water. One hare and says:
– Stop guys! Let's wait for the heat; here the life of a frog, apparently, is even worse than ours; they are afraid of us.
Lion and mouse The lion was sleeping. The mouse ran over his body. He woke up and caught her. The mouse began to ask him to let her in; She said: - If you let me go, and I will do you good. The lion laughed that the mouse promised to do good to him, and let it go. Then the hunters caught the lion and tied it to a tree with a rope. The mouse heard the lion's roar, ran, gnawed through the rope and said:
– Remember, you laughed, you didn’t think that I could do you good, but now you see, sometimes good comes from a mouse.
Mouse, rooster and cat The mouse went for a walk. I walked around the yard and came back to mother. - Well, mother, I saw two animals. One is scary and the other is kind. Mother asked: - Tell me, what kind of animals are these? The mouse said:- One scary one, walks around the yard like this, his legs are black, his crest is red, his eyes are bulging, and his nose is hooked. When I walked past, he opened his mouth, lifted his leg and began to scream so loudly that I didn’t know where to go from fear.
It's a rooster, said the old mouse. He doesn't harm anyone, don't be afraid of him. Well, what about the other animal? The other one lay in the sun and warmed himself. His neck is white, his legs are gray, smooth. He himself licks his white breast and moves his tail a little, looks at me. The old mouse said: - You're stupid, you're stupid. After all, it's a cat.
Two roosters and an eagle Two roosters were fighting near a dunghill. One rooster had more strength. He beat another and drove away from the dunghill. All the hens gathered around the rooster and began to praise him. The rooster wanted the other court to know about his strength and glory. He flew up to the barn, beat his wings and sang loudly: - Look at me, I beat the rooster! None have cock in the world of such power! Didn't have time to sing an eagle flies, knocked down a rooster, grabbed it in its claws and carried it to its nest …
hedgehog and already Once a hedgehog came to the snake and said: “Let me go to your nest for a while.” Already let it go. As soon as the hedgehog climbed into the nest, there was no life for the stings from the hedgehog. I already said to the hedgehog: - I let you in only for a while, and now go away, my all are prickly about yours. needles and they hurt. Yozh said: - The one who hurts, go away, but I feel good.
cat and fox The cat talked with the fox, how to get rid of dogs. The cat says: - I'm not afraid of dogs, because I have a trick from them. And the fox says: How can you get rid of dogs with one trick! I have seventy-seven tricks and seventy-seven evasions!
While they were talking, the hunters drove in and the dogs ran in. The cat has one trick, she jumped up a tree, and the dogs did not catch her, and the fox began to do her tricks, but did not dodge, the dogs caught her.
Mice and cat It became bad for mice to live from a cat. Whatever the day, then two or three will seize. Once the mice came together and began to judge how they could escape from the cat. Tried, judged, could not come up with anything. Here is one mouse says:- I'll tell you how to save us from the cat. After all, we are dying because we do not know when he will come to us. It is necessary to put a bell around the cat's neck so that it rattles. Then every time he is close to us, we will hear, and we will leave.
– It would be good, - said the old mouse, - but someone needs to put a bell on the cat. You thought well, but tie a bell around the cat's neck, then we will thank you.
- http://lib.rus.ec/b/606815/read
- cage obliquely http://media.log-in.ru/i/opticbigchk3.jpg
Kasatkina Maria
In a presentation prepared by a student for the lesson literary reading, presents material about the life and work of the great Russian writer L.N. Tolstoy. The presentation will be useful not only for students, but also for teachers and parents.
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MOU secondary school No. 1, Kameshkovo Vladimir region Life and work of L.N. Tolstoy Completed by a student of the 4th "B" class Kasatkina Maria
Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich (1828 - 1910), prose writer, playwright, publicist. Born on September 9 (August 28, according to the old style) in the Yasnaya Polyana estate of the Tula province. By origin, he belonged to the most ancient aristocratic families of Russia. Received home education and upbringing.
His mother, nee Princess Volkonskaya, died when Tolstoy was not yet two years old, but according to the stories of family members, he had a good idea of \u200b\u200b"her spiritual appearance." Tolstoy's father, member Patriotic War, remembered by the writer for his good-natured and mocking character, love for reading, for hunting, also died early (1837). The upbringing of children was carried out by a distant relative T. A. Ergolskaya, who had a huge influence on Tolstoy: “she taught me the spiritual pleasure of love.” Childhood memories have always remained the most joyful for Tolstoy and are reflected in the autobiographical story "Childhood". "The period of childhood" The writer's father - Nikolai Tolstoy
L.N. Tolstoy with brothers. Tolstoy was the fourth child in the family; he had three older brothers: Nikolai (1823-1860), Sergei (1826-1904) and Dmitry (1827-1856). In 1830, sister Maria was born. His mother died with the birth of his last daughter, when he was not yet 2 years old.
When Tolstoy was 13 years old, the family moved to Kazan, to the house of P. I. Yushkova, a relative and guardian of the children. Living in Kazan, Tolstoy spent 2.5 years preparing to enter the university, at the age of 17 he entered there. Lev Nikolayevich already at that time knew 16 languages, read a lot and studied philosophy. But the studies did not arouse a lively interest in him, and he passionately indulged social entertainment. In the spring of 1847, having filed a petition for dismissal from the university “due to frustrated health and domestic circumstances,” Tolstoy left for Yasnaya Polyana with the firm intention of studying the entire course of science. Kazan University P. I. Yushkov - the aunt of the writer Kazan University. House in Yasnaya Polyana.
After a summer in the countryside, in the fall of 1847 Tolstoy left first for Moscow, then for St. Petersburg to take his candidate's exams at the university. His lifestyle changed frequently during this period. At the same time, he had a serious desire to write and the first unfinished artistic sketches appeared. " Fast paced life adolescence"
In 1851, his elder brother Nikolai, an officer in the army, persuaded Tolstoy to travel together to the Caucasus. For almost three years Tolstoy lived in Cossack village on the banks of the Terek. In the Caucasus, Tolstoy wrote the story "Childhood" and sent it to the Sovremennik magazine without revealing his name. The literary debut immediately brought real recognition to Tolstoy. The story "Childhood"
In 1854 Tolstoy was assigned to the Danube Army in Bucharest. Boring staff life forced him to transfer to the Crimean army, to the besieged Sevastopol, where he commanded a battery on the 4th bastion, showing rare personal courage (he was awarded the Order of St. Anne and medals). In the Crimea, Tolstoy was captured by new impressions and literary plans(I was going to publish a magazine for soldiers), here he began to write a cycle of "Sevastopol stories". Crimean campaign
In November 1855, Tolstoy arrived in St. Petersburg and immediately entered the Sovremennik circle (N. A. Nekrasov, I. S. Turgenev, A. N. Ostrovsky, I. A. Goncharov, etc.), where he was greeted as a "great hope of Russian literature ". In the autumn of 1856, after retiring, Tolstoy went to Yasnaya Polyana, and at the beginning of 1857 - abroad. He visited France, Italy, Switzerland, Germany. In the autumn he returned to Moscow, then to Yasnaya Polyana. In the circle of writers and abroad
In 1859 Tolstoy opened a school for peasant children in the village, helped to set up more than 20 schools in the vicinity. Yasnaya Polyana. In 1862 he published the pedagogical journal Yasnaya Polyana, the books ABC and New ABC, as well as children's books for reading.
In September 1862, Tolstoy married the eighteen-year-old daughter of a doctor, Sofya Andreevna Bers, and immediately after the wedding, he took his wife from Moscow to Yasnaya Polyana. For 17 years life together they had 13 children.
In the 1870s, still living in Yasnaya Polyana, continuing to teach peasant children and develop his pedagogical views in print, Tolstoy worked on novels: War and Peace, Anna Karenina, the story Cossacks, the first of works in which great talent Tolstoy was recognized as a genius.
The years of change abruptly changed the personal biography of the writer (the refusal to own private property proclaimed by Tolstoy caused sharp dissatisfaction among family members, especially his wife). In the late autumn of 1910, at night, secretly from his family, the 82-year-old Tolstoy, accompanied only by his personal doctor D.P. Makovitsky, left Yasnaya Polyana. The road turned out to be unbearable for him: on the way, Tolstoy fell ill and was forced to leave the train on a small railway station Astapovo. Here, in the stationmaster's house, he spent the last seven days of his life. Tolstoy's funeral in Yasnaya Polyana became an event of all-Russian scale. Astapovo station
Throughout his life, Leo Tolstoy replenished his knowledge and was a highly educated person. In his works, L. N. Tolstoy said that only one who works, who does good to other people, who honestly fulfills his duty, can be called a person. It is shameful, unworthy of a man to live by the labor of others. On November 10 (23), 1910, he was buried in Yasnaya Polyana, on the edge of a ravine in the forest, where, as a child, he and his brother were looking for a “green stick” that kept the secret of how to make all people happy.
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The goals and objectives of the lesson: - to acquaint students with the main stages of the life of the great prose writer; - to expand the horizons of students, to increase their general cultural level;
August 28, 1828 Yasnaya Polyana
November 7, 1910 Astapovo station
"In order to live honestly, you have to tear, get confused, fight, make mistakes, start and quit and start again and quit again and always fight and lose. And peace - mental meanness".
L.N. Tolstoy admitted that without Yasnaya Polyana it would be difficult for him “to imagine Russia, to love her to the point of passion.”
Yasnaya Polyana
Leo Tolstoy, his brothers, sister, eight out of thirteen children, some grandchildren were born on this couch. Mentioned in the works of Tolstoy. Lev Nikolaevich always rested on a large oilcloth pillow.
Coat of arms of the Tolstoy family
Ancestors
She seemed to me such a high, pure, spiritual being that often during the struggle with the temptations that overwhelmed me, I prayed to her soul, asking her to help me, and this prayer always helped me.
Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya
My father was of medium height, well built, with a pleasant face and always sad eyes. In addition to doing housework and children, he read a lot, collected a library.
Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy
Fanfaron mountain
Ant Brothers
In 1851, Leo Tolstoy, together with his elder brother, went to the Caucasus to join the army.
As an artillery officer of the 4th bastion, he participated in the defense of Sevastopol.
He returned home in 1855 with the Order of St. Anna "For Courage" and medals "For the Defense of Sevastopol"
Yasnaya Polyana School
In 1859 Tolstoy opened a school. He taught lessons, published a magazine where he published reports on the work of the school, and wrote scientific articles. In 1872 he wrote the "ABC", which was published 28 times during his lifetime.
In 1862 he married Sofya Andreevna Bers. Of the 13 children, 7 survived. Two losses were especially difficult - death
Sofia Andreevna Bers
the last child of Vanechka (1895) and beloved daughter Masha (1906).
L. N. Tolstoy wrote about Maria: “Masha, the daughter, is so good that I constantly restrain myself so as not to appreciate her too highly.”
Maria Lvovna Tolstaya
« Last son was a favorite of the whole family - a smart, interesting boy. He spoke three foreign languages, composed stories, was interested in the conversations of adults, inserting his well-aimed remarks, which were listened to.
Vanechka (1885 -1895)
The pipe is a favorite toy.
The writer loved to ride, walk in the vicinity of Yasnaya Polyana, often made long journeys on foot from Moscow to Yasnaya Polyana. went to Optina Pustyn. “To be tired,” he wrote, “and even very much in the air or in plowing is good ...”
Relations with his wife and children were strained. They were finally spoiled by a will secretly drawn up by Tolstoy, according to which the family was deprived of the rights to his literary heritage.
Family
This is a monument to national sorrow. Everything here reminds of those days when Russia said goodbye to its great writer.
Museum at Astapovo station
S.A. Tolstaya, the writer’s wife, looks out the window of the room where her husband is dying…
Awaiting news of the writer's health
The room in which Tolstoy spent the last 7 days of his life has been preserved intact.
LN Tolstoy on his deathbed. November 7 (20). Astapovo.
The clock shows the time of Leo Tolstoy's death.
IN last way. From Astapovo to Yasnaya Polyana.
a green stick on which is written the secret of how to make sure that all people do not know any misfortunes, never quarrel and do not get angry, but would be constantly happy.
They buried L.N. Tolstoy, according to his desire, in the forest, in the place where, according to legend, they buried
Antique furniture, which belonged to the writer's father, was valuable to Tolstoy because it evoked sweet, "honest family memories." Here are portraits of the father, wife, daughters ...
House Museum in Yasnaya Polyana
L. N. Tolstoy's favorite garden flowers were sweet peas and mignonette. The writer felt the beauty of forests, fields, meadows, sky, said: “How much good God has! ..”
Herbarium made by L.N. Tolstoy
In Orenburg In Sevastopol
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Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy was born on August 28 (September 9), 1828 in the Yasnaya Polyana estate of the Krapivensky district of the Tula province in an aristocratic noble family. House in Yasnaya Polyana.
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By origin, Lev Nikolaevich belonged to the famous noble families Tolstykh (from his father's side) and Volkonsky (from his mother's side), who gave a number of statesmen and military figures known in the history of Russia. Nikolai Sergeevich Volkonsky, grandfather of L.N. Tolstoy. Ekaterina Dmitrievna Volkonskaya, Leo Tolstoy's grandmother. Ilya Andreevich Tolstoy, grandfather of Leo Tolstoy. Pelageya Nikolaevna Tolstaya, Leo Tolstoy's grandmother.
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Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya in childhood, mother of Leo Tolstoy. Nikolai Ilyich, father of Leo Tolstoy. Maria Nikolaevna and Nikolai Ilyich had 4 sons: Nikolai, Sergey, Dmitry, Lev, and the long-awaited daughter Maria. However, her birth turned out to be an inconsolable grief for the Tolstoys: Maria Nikolaevna died during childbirth in 1830. And in 1837 Nikolai Ilyich died. The children's teacher was their distant relative Tatyana Aleksandrovna Yergolskaya. In 1841, the children were taken by their aunt Pelageya Ilyinichna Yushkova, who lived in Kazan.
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In 1844, Lev Nikolaevich entered Kazan University in the department of Oriental languages, then transferred to the Faculty of Law. State teaching did not satisfy his inquisitive mind, and in 1847 Tolstoy filed a petition to dismiss him from among the students. Tolstoy is a student. The building of Kazan University.
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Leo Tolstoy leaves Kazan and returns to Yasnaya Polyana. And in 1850 he was appointed to serve in the office of the Tula provincial government, but the service also did not satisfy him. Under the influence of his older brother Nikolai, L.N. Tolstoy left for the Caucasus in 1851 and volunteered to serve in the artillery. Brother of the writer N.N. Tolstoy.
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In 1854-1855 Tolstoy took part in the heroic defense of Sevastopol. This time was for him a school of military and civil courage. The experience gained by him in battles later helped Tolstoy the artist to achieve true realism in the battle scenes of War and Peace. In besieged Sevastopol, Tolstoy wrote Sevastopol Tales. For the first time in Russian literature, the writer chose soldiers and sailors who fought for the Motherland as his heroes. L.N. Tolstoy. Publication of "Sevastopol stories" in the journal "Contemporary".
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In early November 1855, Tolstoy was sent by courier to St. Petersburg. He stayed with I.S. Turgenev, in his apartment on the Fontanka, near the Anichkov Bridge. In Petersburg, Turgenev led Tolstoy into a circle famous writers contributed to his literary success. Tolstoy became especially close to the writers grouped around Sovremennik. L.N. Tolstoy in the group of writers of Sovremennik.
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Turgenev's persistent advice to leave military service still had an effect on Tolstoy: he submitted a letter of resignation and in November 1856 received a dismissal from military service, and at the beginning of 1857 he went on his first trip abroad through Warsaw to Paris. Paris
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From France, Tolstoy arrived in London in early March 1861. Here he was fortunate enough to attend a lecture by Charles Dickens, who was one of Tolstoy's most beloved writers; he placed his portrait in his Yasnaya Polyana office among the portraits of close people. From London Tolstoy returns to Russia via Brussels. London.
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Immediately after the wedding, Lev Nikolaevich and Sofia Andreevna left for Yasnaya Polyana, where they lived almost without a break for 20 years. In Sofya Andreevna he found a diligent assistant in his literary work. She sorted and rewrote the author's difficult-to-read manuscripts an infinite number of times, happy about that the first reads his works. S.A. Tolstaya. L.N. Tolstoy.
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Since 1882, Tolstoy and his family lived in Moscow. The writer was impressed by the contradictions of the large capitalist city that Moscow had become by that time. It aggravated spiritual crisis, which led Tolstoy to break with the noble circle to which he belonged. Family of Leo Tolstoy.
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On October 28, 1910, at six o'clock in the morning, Tolstoy left Yasnaya Polyana forever. He and his companions were heading through Kozelsk to the south of Russia. On the way, Tolstoy fell ill with pneumonia and was forced to leave the train at Astapovo station. The last seven days of the writer's life passed in the house of the head of the station. On November 7, at 6:50 am, Tolstoy died. Funeral in Yasnaya Polyana.
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Grave of Leo Tolstoy in Yasnaya Polyana. Tolstoy's death triggered a wave of anti-government demonstrations: factory workers went on strike; in St. Petersburg, at the Kazan Cathedral, a student demonstration took place; unrest and riots took place in Moscow and other cities.
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1828. August 28 (September 9, new style) Leo Tolstoy was born in the Yasnaya Polyana estate, Krapivensky district, Tula province. 1841. After the death of his mother (1830) and father (1837), L. N. Tolstoy with his brothers and sister moved to Kazan, to the guardian P. I. Yushkova. 1844 - 1847. LN Tolstoy studies at Kazan University - first at the Faculty of Philosophy in the category of Arabic-Turkish literature, then at the Faculty of Law. 1847. Without completing the course, Tolstoy leaves the university and arrives in Yasnaya Polyana, which he received under a separate act. 1849. A trip to St. Petersburg University to take exams for the degree of candidate. 1849. Leo Tolstoy returned to Yasnaya Polyana. 1851. L.N. Tolstoy writes the story "The History of Yesterday" - his first literary work(unfinished). In May, Tolstoy goes to the Caucasus, volunteers in military operations. MAIN DATES OF THE LIFE AND CREATIVITY OF L. N. TOLSTOY 1859.
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1860 - 1861 Leo Tolstoy studies the organization of school affairs abroad during his second trip abroad in Europe. In May Leo Tolstoy returns to Yasnaya Polyana. 1861 - 1862. LN Tolstoy - world mediator, protects the interests of the peasants; the Tula provincial nobility, dissatisfied with him, demands his removal from office. The story "Polikushka" is written. 1862 L. N. Tolstoy publishes the pedagogical journal Yasnaya Polyana, finished the story The Cossacks. 1863 - 1869. Leo Tolstoy is working on the novel "War and Peace". 1868. L.N. Tolstoy begins to work on the "ABC", graduated in 1872. 1872. In Yasnaya Polyana resumed pedagogical activity L.N. Tolstoy, interrupted after a search, is going to a congress of teachers folk schools. LN Tolstoy is trying to create teacher training courses in Yasnaya Polyana. Work on stories for children. 1873. Tolstoy began to write the novel "Anna Karenina", finished in 1877. In June - August, L.N. Tolstoy participates in helping the starving peasants of the Samara province.
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1901 - 1902. L.N. Tolstoy lives during his illness in the Crimea, where he often meets with A.P. Chekhov and A.M. Gorky. 1903. L.N. Tolstoy wrote the story “After the Ball”. 1905 - 1908. L.N. Tolstoy writes articles “For what?”, “I can’t be silent!” and others L.N. Tolstoy. 1895
Biography of Leo Tolstoy L.N. TOLSTOY (1828-1910). BIOGRAPHY. Leo Tolstoy was born on September 9, 1828 at the Yasnaya Polyana estate, near Tula, into a noble family.
- Without my Yasnaya Polyana, I can hardly imagine Russia and my attitude towards it. Without Yasnaya Polyana I can see more clearly general laws necessary for my fatherland...
- L.TOLSTOY, "Memories in the countryside"
- I don't remember my mother at all. I was one and a half years old when she passed away...everything I know about her, everything is fine...
- L. Tolstoy "Memories"
- The first place ... occupies, although not by influence on me, but by my feeling for him, ... my father.
- L. Tolstoy "Memories"
- Finally today I received the order to go to my battery, I am a 4th class fireworker. You won't believe how much it gives me pleasure.
- L. Tolstoy - T. A. Ergolskaya. January 3, 1852
- A group of writers of the Sovremennik magazine.
- L.N. Tolstoy, D. V. Grigorovich, I. A. Goncharov,
- I.S. Turgenev, A. V. Druzhinin, A. N. Ostrovsky.
- From a photograph of 1856.
- The choice has long been made. Literature-art, pedagogy and family.
- L. Tolstoy, Diary, October 6, 1863
- She is a real help to me.
- L. Tolstoy - A. A. Fet.
- May 15, 1863
- When I enter the school and see this crowd of ragged, dirty, thin children, with their bright eyes and so often angelic expressions, anxiety comes over me, the horror that I would experience at the sight of drowning people ... I want education for the people ... to save those Pushkins drowning there, ... Lomonosovs. And they teem in every school.
- L. Tolstoy - A. A. Tolstoy. December 1874
- TOLSTOY is indeed a great artist, such as are born over the centuries, and his work is crystal clear, bright and beautiful.
- V. G. Korolenko
- ... There is no person more worthy of the name of a genius, more complex, contradictory and beautiful in everything ...
- A. P. Chekhov
- Demonstration in St. Petersburg on the death of Leo Tolstoy.
- 1910
- Grave of Leo Tolstoy in Yasnaya Polyana.
- The historical significance of Tolstoy's work ... is the result of everything experienced by Russian society over the entire 19th century, and his books will remain for centuries, as a monument to hard work done by a GENIUS ...
- M. GORKY
