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What is the meaning of life according to Shukshin. The problem of finding the meaning of life as a way to overcome the spiritual crisis in creativity

Plan I moral issues in the writer's stories. II. The fate of the heroes of the stories of V. Shukshin. 1. Kindness and pity are the main human values of Shukshin's heroes. 2. The attitude of others to the actions of the "freaks" from the story of the same name. 3. The strength of the mother's heart. III. Shukshin and his heroes. We should not forget about the soul. We should be a little kinder ... We once, it just so happened, live on earth. Well, so be you more attentive to each other, kinder. V. Shukshin Vasily Shukshin is one of those writers who are not just needed by people. His works are essential to the people. The works of this writer attract with the sharpness of the age-old problem of the meaning of life. "What's happening to us?" - as if V. Shukshin wants to ask with his stories. External events in the works of V. Shukshin are not the main ones. The plot is just an excuse to start a conversation. More often, the heroes of the writer's stories are simple people, but always not indifferent. They think about the basics of being and increasingly turn to the so-called "eternal questions". Kindness occupies a special place among human values in Shukshin. He saw the most precious wealth in the heart's ability to do good: "If we are strong and truly smart in something, it is in a good deed." Shukshin believed that life would be beautiful only when people would do good, would please each other. So, in "Kalina Krasnaya" changes in the soul of the protagonist Prokudin occur only under the influence of the force of "counter good". Shukshin believed that the "reserves of good" in human soul are limitless. In the stories of V. Shukshin, one of the leading places is occupied by the fate of unusual people, with complex characters, the so-called "freaks". Freaks are strange, dreamy, simple people who cannot and do not want to put up with a gray and boring life. They seek to free themselves from everything material, base. They are looking for the meaning of life in something sublime, beautiful. Such main character story "Freak". The author persistently emphasizes his eccentricity, which distinguishes the hero from other, "correct" people. This technique helps to reveal the best human qualities Chudika: truthfulness, conscientiousness, kindness. The story is built in the form of a presentation of the events that happened during Chudik's vacation trip "to his brother in the Urals." different stories that were not understood by others happened to the hero of the story. Nevertheless, in these episodes, the wonderful properties of the hero's soul are revealed: honesty, modesty, shyness, the desire to do good to people. But what happens to us? Why do many people fail to understand the Chudik and consider him a strange person? Was it really impossible to forgive the eccentricities of the protagonist and pity him? After all, when, for example, he painted a baby stroller, he thought only of the good, of making it more beautiful and better. And here is another "freak" from the story " Mother's heart". Vitka Borzenkov went to the city to sell lard in order to earn money for the wedding. And then I walked around a bit. And when the money was stolen, he decided to take revenge by severely beating several city residents, including a policeman. The mother, having learned about the misfortune that befell her son, tries to justify him. “A mother’s heart is wise, but where trouble loomed for her own child, the mother is not able to perceive an extraneous mind, and logic has nothing to do with it.” Mother is mother. She is ready to give everything for her son. But do children always appreciate the self-sacrifice of their mothers, the warmth and strength of their mother's heart? Vasily Shukshin himself considered his mother the dearest and closest person. He inherited from his mother a rare gift - warmth of the heart. And later, the desire for a "holiday of the soul" was inherited by Shukshin's heroes. In his last works, V. Shukshin wrote: “Mother is the most respected thing in life, the most dear, everything consists of pity ... Take away pity from her, leave her higher education, the ability to educate, respect ... Leave her everything, but take away pity ... Why do people rise all in anger when the enemy is on the doorstep? Because everyone feels sorry for mothers, children, native land. The heroes of Shukshin's stories are mostly people with an unsatisfied spiritual need. Hence their eccentricities, sometimes completely innocent, and sometimes on the verge of breaking the law and even beyond this line. V. Shukshin himself constantly doubted, painfully thought about our life, asked endless questions to himself, often not finding satisfactory answers to them. And many of its heroes are similar to its creator: restless, often acting contrary to common sense, to their own detriment. But the writer always appreciated sincerity, directness, and a good beginning in a person. Even in the most erring person, he wanted to see something good, elevating him above the prose of life.

I. Moral problems in the writer's stories.

II. The fate of the heroes of the stories of V. Shukshin.

1. Kindness and pity are the main human values of Shukshin's heroes.

2. The attitude of others to the actions of the "freaks" from the story of the same name.

3. The strength of the mother's heart.

III. Shukshin and his heroes.

Vasily Shukshin is one of those writers who are not just needed by people. His works are essential to the people. The works of this writer attract with the sharpness of the age-old problem of the meaning of life. "What's happening to us?" - as if V. Shukshin wants to ask with his stories. External events in the works of V. Shukshin are not the main ones. The plot is just an excuse to start a conversation. More often, the heroes of the writer's stories are simple people, but always not indifferent. They think about the basics of being and increasingly turn to the so-called "eternal questions".

Kindness occupies a special place among human values in Shukshin. He saw the most precious wealth in the heart's ability to do good: "If we are strong and truly smart in something, it is in a good deed." Shukshin believed that life would be beautiful only when people would do good, would please each other. So, in "Kalina Krasnaya" changes in the soul of the protagonist Prokudin occur only under the influence of the force of "counter good". Shukshin believed that the "reserves of goodness" in the human soul are unlimited.

In the stories of V. Shukshin, one of the leading places is occupied by the fate of unusual people with complex characters, the so-called "freaks". "Freaks" are strange, dreamy, simple-minded people who cannot and do not want to put up with a gray and boring life. They seek to free themselves from everything material, base. They are looking for the meaning of life in something sublime, beautiful. This is the main character of the story "Freak". The author persistently emphasizes his eccentricity, which distinguishes the hero from other, "correct" people. This technique helps to reveal the best human qualities of the Chudik: truthfulness, conscientiousness, kindness. The story is built in the form of a presentation of the events that happened during Chudik's vacation trip "to his brother in the Urals." Various stories that were not understood by others happened to the hero of the story. Nevertheless, in these episodes, the wonderful properties of the hero's soul are revealed: honesty, modesty, shyness, the desire to do good to people. But what happens to us? Why do many people not understand Chudik and consider him a strange person? Was it really impossible to forgive the eccentricities of the protagonist and pity him? After all, when, for example, he painted a baby stroller, he thought only of the good, of making it more beautiful and better.

And here is another "freaky" from the story "Mother's Heart". Vitka Borzenkov went to the city to sell lard in order to earn money for the wedding. And then I walked around a bit. And when the money was stolen, he decided to take revenge by severely beating several city residents, including a policeman. The mother, having learned about the misfortune that befell her son, tries to justify him. “A mother’s heart is wise, but where trouble loomed for her own child, the mother is not able to perceive an extraneous mind, and logic has nothing to do with it.” Mother is mother. She is ready to give everything for her son. But do children always appreciate the self-sacrifice of their mothers, the warmth and strength of their mother's heart?

Vasily Shukshin himself considered his mother the dearest and closest person. He inherited from his mother a rare gift - warmth of the heart. And later, the desire for a "holiday of the soul" was inherited by Shukshin's heroes. In his last works, V. Shukshin wrote: “Mother is the most respected thing in life, the most dear, everything consists of pity ... Take pity from her, leave her higher education, the ability to educate, respect ... Leave her everything, but take away pity... Why do people rise all in anger when the enemy is on the threshold? Because everyone feels sorry for mothers, children, native land.

The heroes of Shukshin's stories are mostly people with an unsatisfied spiritual need. Hence their eccentricities, sometimes completely innocent, and sometimes on the verge of breaking the law and even beyond this line. V. Shukshin himself constantly doubted, painfully thought about our life, asked endless questions to himself, often not finding satisfactory answers to them. And many of its heroes are similar to its creator: restless, often acting contrary to common sense, to their own detriment. But the writer always appreciated sincerity, directness, and a good beginning in a person. Even in the most erring person, he wanted to see something good, elevating him above the prose of life.

Category: Shukshin V.

I. Moral problems in the writer's stories.

II. The fate of the heroes of the stories of V. Shukshin.

1. Kindness and pity are the main human values of Shukshin's heroes.

2. The attitude of others to the actions of the "freaks" from the story of the same name.

3. The strength of the mother's heart.

III. Shukshin and his heroes.

1. "The truth of life" in the works of Shukshin.
2. Human drama common man.
3. Situations in which Shukshin puts his heroes.
When it comes to " picturesque truth life” the works of Vasily Shukshin come to my mind. His works are well known. Peru Vasily Makarovich Shukshin owns about one hundred and twenty stories, several stories, two novels, plays and screenplays. Shukshin, without a doubt, is the most talented writer of the 20th century. His works are much deeper than they might seem at first.

Sight. Philosophical reflection life as a writer does not open immediately. Our attention is sometimes concentrated on trifles, which makes the work of Vasily Shukshin seem very simple for reader's perception.
Many of Shukshin's works tell us about human drama which remains incomprehensible and sometimes unnoticed by others. Vasily Shukshin turns his attention to ordinary people, among the heroes of his works there are practically no representatives of the elite. Very often Shukshin talks about peasants, villagers who find themselves cut off from their usual life, from their original roots. But even in the city these people cannot find employment. Behind the comic situations lies a real tragedy. A person's search for his place in the world, understanding his role on earth - these are far from all the topics that Shukshin touches on in his work.
The writer pays a lot of attention to the moral and spiritual values of man. The search for one's place in the world is often accompanied by the rejection of those values that were dear to a person before. And this is also a tragedy, because moral degradation a person affects not only himself, but also those close to him.
Shukshin paid much attention to the so-called rural theme. In his works, he said that the peasants were losing those values that were dear to their ancestors. But in return for the lost, nothing is gained. That is why a simple person falls into drunkenness, revelry. The lack of meaning in life is the reason. In the work of Shukshin, the problem of fate is touched upon. For example, the fate of an ordinary person, a peasant, a worker, is work. It is both a duty and at the same time the meaning of life. Cut off from his roots, the working peasant becomes unhappy. But the life of ordinary people is by no means sad and hopeless. In addition to work, there are many joys in their life. Perhaps, in someone's opinion, these joys will seem simple and primitive. But for the peasants themselves, they mean a lot. Shukshin often shows what place holidays take in the unpretentious life of peasants.
Shukshin does not spare his heroes. He sometimes puts them in the most unpleasant situations. And the reader understands perfectly well that these situations are not invented, they are real. A simple person, naive and gullible, often becomes a victim. For example, in the story “A Mother's Heart”, a young peasant guy Vitka Borzenkov failed to recognize the danger, from which he ended up in prison. For a villager, prison is a difficult ordeal. It is hard not only for Vitka himself, but also for his old mother. Son, helper, hope and support, is behind bars. Shukshin paints a reliable picture. We see a simple, hardworking guy who does not know how to understand life.
A work called "Kalina Krasnaya" is very well known to many. Yegor Prokudin, of course, cannot but arouse sympathy. He broke away from his peasant roots. It seemed to him that dull, monotonous work villager not interesting. But the connection with the criminal world does not bring anything good to the hereditary peasant, it becomes the cause of his inevitable death.
Vasily Shukshin himself came from a family of hereditary peasants, therefore “ rustic theme” was close and understandable to him. Among his works there are many that are more optimistic. The dream of a peasant about a holiday can come true. For example, from the story "Boots" we learn how a simple village man decides to please his wife with a luxurious gift. It did not occur to him to do anything but to buy beautiful boots for a village resident. Of course, such a purchase is useless in the village. In addition, elegant boots do not fit on the “strong, peasant foot”. But, nevertheless, the desire to please his wife was not in vain. The boots showed the wife that her husband still had warm feelings for her. In addition, Sergey himself thinks about joy, which is so scarce among gray monotonous days. Beautiful boots in the story act as a symbol of joy, a holiday. And the life of Sergei and his family becomes a little bit happier. Sergei is overwhelmed by thoughts. And they can be called philosophical with full confidence. They are very serious, because a simple village man thinks about the meaning of life: “This is how you live - forty-five years already, - you all think: nothing, someday I will live well, easily. A time is running. And so you come to that hole in which you have to lie down - and all your life you have been waiting for something. The question is, what the devil should have been waiting for, and not making such joys as you can do? Here is the same: there is money, extraordinary boots lie - take it, make a person happy! Maybe there won't be another opportunity like this."
Art has always helped a person to better understand real life. Shukshin's works cannot leave the reader indifferent. Often critics compared the writer with Chekhov. After all, A.P. Chekhov, like Shukshin, paid a lot of attention to simple, everyday life, saw its beauty and significance.

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2. "On the meaning of life"

In the summer, in July, Knyazev got a vacation and went with his family to rest in the village. His father-in-law and mother-in-law lived in the village, silent greedy people; Knyazev did not like them, but there was nowhere else to go, so he went to them. But every time he warned his wife that he would also work in the village - he would write. His wife, Alevtina, really wanted to go to the village in the summer, she did not swear and did not sneer.

Write ... At least sign up at all.

Like this. So that later it would not be: “Again for your own!” To not be.

Write, write, - said Alevtina sadly. She painfully experienced this indestructible, incombustible passion of her husband - to write, write and write in order to restore order in the state, hated him for this, was ashamed, begged - quit! Nothing helped. Nikolai Nikolaevich dried himself over notebooks, poked around with them everywhere, they told him that this was stupidity, nonsense, they tried to dissuade him ... They tried to dissuade him many times, but all to no avail.

Knyazev knew people in the village, and as soon as they arrived, he went to visit them. And in the very first family he met a man, whom his indefatigable soul constantly wanted to meet. He came to that family - also to rest - a certain Silchenko, also a son-in-law, also a city dweller and also somewhat bruised general questions. And they hooked up right away.

It happened like this.

Knyazev, in a good, peaceful mood, walked around the village, watched the “collective and state farmers” (he called the rural people) return home from work, greeted two or three ... Everyone was in a hurry, so no one stopped with him, only one asked come to watch TV.

Turn it on - it's snowing...

Okay, then somehow, - promised Knyazev.

And so he came to the family where Silchenko was. He knew the old man there they were talking to. That is, Knyazev usually spoke, and the old man listened, he knew how to listen, even liked to listen. He listened, nodded his head, sometimes only wondered:

Look at you! .. - he said quietly. - It's serious. The old man was just in the fence, and the same Silchenko was also in the fence, they were setting up fishing rods.

Ah! the old man said cheerfully. - Have no desire to fish? And then we are getting better with Yuri Viktorovich.

I do not like, - said Knyazev. - But I'll sit with you on the bank.

Don't like fishing? - Asked Silchenko, a thin man about the same age as Knyazev - about forty. - Why so?

Waste of time.

Silchenko looked at Knyazev, noted his alien appearance - a tie, cufflinks with yellow circles ... He said condescendingly:

Rest is rest, it doesn't matter how you waste your time.

Exists leisure, - Knyazev repulsed this ridiculous attempt to teach him, - and passive. Active involves, along with rest, some expedient event.

From these events, and so the head is spinning, - Silchenko laughed.

I'm not talking about "these events", but about expedient ones, - stressed Knyazev. And he looked at Silchenko firmly and calmly. - Do you catch the difference?

Silchenko also did not like that they were talking to him instructively ... He was also a man with thoughts.

No, I don't get it, explain yourself, do me a favor.

What are you by profession?

What does it matter?

Well, anyway...

Make-up artist.

Here Knyazev grew bolder at all; blue eyes it lit up with a cheerful mocking fire; he became arrogantly condescending.

Are you aware of how burial mounds are built? - he asked. One could feel the pleasure with which he approaches the presentation of his thoughts.

Silchenko did not expect these mounds, he was perplexed.

Why are the mounds here?

Have you ever seen how they are poured?

Have you seen?

Well, you saw it in the movies!

Let us suppose.

You have an idea. I want you to conjure up this picture with your mind's eye: how a barrow is being built. People go, one by one, each one takes a handful of earth and throws it away. First, the pit is filled up, then the hill begins to grow ... Have you imagined?

Let's say.

Knyazev became more and more inspired - these were precious moments in his life: there is a listener in front of his eyes who, at least squirms, but listens.

Then pay attention to this: the discrepancy between the size of the hill and the handful of earth. What happened? After all, here is a handful of earth, - Knyazev showed a hand folded in a handful, - and on the other hand - a hill. What happened? Miracle? No miracles: the accumulation of quantity. This is how states were created - from Urartu to modern supers. It's clear? What can a weak human hand do? .. - Knyazev looked around, a fishing rod caught his eye, he took it from the hands of the old man and showed it to both. - Fishing rod. Here is also a work of human hands - a fishing rod. Right? He returned the fishing rod to the old man. - This is when one person. But when they continuously follow each other and throw a handful of earth, a hill is formed. A fishing rod - and a hill, - Knyazev looked victoriously at Silchenko and at the old man too, but more at Silchenko. - Do you get it?

I don’t get it,” Silchenko said defiantly. This victoriousness of Knyazev irritated him. - What does one have to do with it and what does the other have to do with it? We talked about how to free time… I suggested that no matter what you do, but if you like it, it means that you had a good rest.

Nonsense, nonsense, - Knyazev said sternly and cheerfully. - Reasoning at the level of the Stone Age. As soon as you start thinking like this, you thereby automatically leave that uninterrupted chain of humanity that goes on and accumulates quantity. I gave you a very clear example: how a hill is poured! - Although Knyazev was excited, he was also patient. - Just imagine: everyone passed and threw a handful of earth ... But you didn’t! Then I ask you: what is the meaning of your life?

Some kind of fluff. That's really bullshit. What hill? I'm telling you, so I came to relax ... In nature. I like to fish... so I will fish. What's the matter?

And I also came to rest.

So what, are you going to build a hill here?

Knyazev laughed condescendingly, but already not very patiently, evilly.

Sometimes it’s incomprehensible to us, when they think in categories, sometimes they don’t like it ... Such a clear example! - Knyazev himself, apparently, really liked this example with a hill, he ran into it by accident and rejoiced at him, his simplicity and striking clarity. What is the meaning of our life in general? he asked bluntly.

It's - who cares, - Silchenko evaded.

No, no, you answer: what is the universal meaning of life? - Knyazev waited for an answer, but impatience has completely taken over him. - In general statehood. The state prospers - we prosper too. So? Right or wrong?

Silchenko shrugged his shoulders ... But he agreed - for now, in anticipation of where Knyazev's thought would then shoot.

Well, like this…

So. Figuratively speaking, again, we all carry a certain load on our shoulders ... Just imagine, - Knyazev became even more excited from the new good example- the three of us - me, you, grandfather - carry a log. We carry - we need to carry it a hundred meters. We carried fifty meters, suddenly you stop carrying and step aside. And say: "I have a vacation, I'm resting."

So, you don't need vacations, do you? Silchenko got excited. - This is also bullshit.

In this particular case, a vacation is possible when we carry this log of the prescribed hundred meters and drop it - then rest.

I don’t understand what you want to say,” Silchenko spoke angrily. - Now a hill, then some kind of log ... Have you come to rest?

Came to rest.

What does it mean that he threw a log along the road? Or how... do you think?

Knyazev looked at Silchenko for some time penetratingly and sternly.

Don't you understand, on purpose?

Yes, I seriously do not understand! Some kind of stupidity, nonsense! .. Some kind of stupid! - Silchenko was nervous about something and therefore said a lot of superfluous things. - Well, complete nonsense! .. Well, honestly, you can’t understand anything. Do you understand anything, grandfather?

The old man listened with interest to this clever skirmish. The question took him by surprise.

A? he started.

Do you understand anything that this... comrade is threshing here?

I'm listening, - said the grandfather vaguely.

And I don't understand anything. I don't understand anything!

Yes, you are calmer, calmer, - Knyazev advised condescendingly and unkindly. - Calm down. Why be nervous?

And why is there some nonsense here?!

Why, you haven't even got to the heart of the matter, and that's nonsense. But why ... When will we learn to reason logically!

Yes, you yourself...

If you don’t understand, then it’s nonsense, nonsense. We-whether-to-mold logic! How much are we going to shrug it off like that!

Good, - Silchenko pulled himself together. And even sat down on grandfather's workbench. - Well, clearly, simply, precisely - what do you want to say? Normal Russian. So?

Where do you live? - asked Knyazev.

In Tomsk.

No, wider ... In general, - Knyazev showed his hands widely.

I don't understand. Well, I don't understand! Silchenko began to get nervous again. - In what "as a whole"? What is it? Where?

You live in the state, - continued Knyazev. - What are your main interests? What do they match?

Don't know.

with state interests. Your interests coincide with the state interests. Am I being clear now?

Well well well?

What then is your meaning of life?

Well well well?

Yes, not “well”, but a trait is already needed: what is the meaning of the life of every citizen?

Well, in what? .. To work, to be honest, - Silchenko began to list, - to defend the Motherland when necessary ...

The Prince nodded his head in agreement. But he was waiting for something else, and what, Silchenko could not catch again.

It's all right, - said Knyazev. - But it's all branches. What main point? Where is the main, so to speak, trunk?

I'm asking you.

I do not know. Well, I don't know what to do! You are just a fool! Dolbo ... - and Silchenko swore obscenely. And jumped up from the workbench. - What do you want from me?! he shouted. - What?! Can you say straight? Or I'll trample you out of here with a log!.. You're a fool! Cudgel!..

Knyazev already had to get on such nervous ones. He was not afraid of this psychopath himself, but he was afraid that people would now come running, they would goggle, they would ... Ugh!

Quiet, quiet, quiet,” he said, stepping back. And sadly, and hopelessly looked at the neurasthenic make-up artist. - Why is that so? Why scream?

What do you want from me?! Silchenko kept shouting. - What?

People came out of the house onto the porch ...

Knyazev turned and walked out of the fence.

Silchenko was still shouting something after him.

Knyazev did not look back, walked at a quick pace, and in his eyes there was sadness and pain.

Hamlo, - he said softly. - Well, it's rude ... He opened his mouth, - he paused and said bitterly: - We don't understand - we don't need it. We'd better yell. That's humlo!

The next day, in the morning, the local chairman of the village council came to the Nekhoroshevs (Knyazev's father-in-law). The old Nekhoroshevs and Knyazev were having breakfast with their wife.

Bon appetit, - said the chairman. And looked carefully at Knyazev. - With the arrival of you.

Thank you, - answered Knyazev. His heart sank with an ominous foreboding. - With us ... do not want to?

No, I had breakfast, - the chairman sat down on a bench. And again looked at Knyazev.

Knyazev finally understood: this is according to his soul. He got out from behind the table and went outside. After a minute or two, the chairman followed him out.

Listen, - said Knyazev. And he smiled sadly.

What happened to you there? the chairman asked. Once (last year, in the summer too) the chairman already analyzed something similar. Then they also complained about Knyazev that he was “propaganda”. - Again, they tell me something there ...

And what to tell something?! - exclaimed Knyazev. - My God! What is there to tell something! I wanted to inspire a comrade ... a clearer idea ...

Yes, what should? What am I?.. I don't understand, by God, what have I done? I just wanted to explain to him ... but he yelled like a fool. I don't know... Is he normal, this Silchenko?

Comrade Knyazev...

Well, good, good. Fine! - Knyazev nervously spat. - I won't do it again. To hell with them, as they want, let them live. But, my God! .. - again he was amazed. - What did I say to him?! He suggested that he understand his tasks in life more clearly! .. What's wrong with that?

A man came to rest ... Why disturb him. No need. No, Comrade Knyazev, please.

Good good. Let them do what they want ... After all, he is a make-up artist!

I wanted to bring him to the idea that he would speak at the club, tell about his work ...

Yes, it's interesting! I would love to listen myself. He, probably, makes up the artists ... I would tell you about the artists.

And what does it have to do with ... life tasks?

He would do a good job! That's what I started yesterday: there is a line of people, each one takes a handful of earth and throws it - a hill is formed. Dash hill expedient state. If we assume that the meaning of the life of every citizen is to, figuratively speaking...

Comrade Knyazev, - the chairman interrupted, - I don’t have time now: I have a meeting at nine ... I’ll listen to you with pleasure somehow. But I want to ask again...

Good, good, - Knyazev said hastily, sadly. - Go to the meeting. Goodbye. I don't need your hearing.

The chairman was surprised, but did not say anything, went to the meeting.

Knyazev looked after him ... And he spoke quietly, as he used to say to himself:

He will listen with pleasure! Delighted ... Go sit! Wipe your pants at your meetings, assessors. He will do a favor - listen ...

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