Mariinskii Opera House. Name history

Saint Petersburg is not called in vain cultural capital our country. It is a city of monuments and museums, a city of exhibitions and concerts. And it is also a city of theaters, of which there are more than a hundred! Did you know that once in St. Petersburg there was a Grand Theatre? Now he is known under the name of the Mariinsky. history famous theater opera and ballet will tell todayAmateur. media.

The birth year of the Mariinsky Theater is considered to be 1783. But this year, rather, the father of the Mariinsky Theater was created. It was then that Catherine the Great issued a Decree on the creation of a theater committee "to manage spectacles and music." On October 5 of that same year, the Bolshoi Kamenny Theater was opened on Carousel Square. The inhabitants soon began to call the square theatrical, so it has come down to us.

1783 is considered the birth year of the Mariinsky Theater

Petersburg Bolshoi Theater was designed by the architect Rinaldi. It was huge and majestic, equipped with last word modern technology. Preference was given, of course, to the French or Italian repertoire, besides, the Russian troupe often gave way to the stage to foreign ones. The first opera staged at the Bolshoi Theater was Lunar World by Giovanni Paisiello. But the theater was not limited to opera alone: ​​dramas and vocal and instrumental concerts were staged.

IN early XIX V. The Bolshoi Theater became part of cultural life Petersburg

At the beginning of the 19th century, the Bolshoi Theater became not only one of the symbols of the city, along with the Admiralty and Peter and Paul Fortress, but also important part cultural life of St. Petersburg. At that time, the theater was rebuilt under the direction of the architect Thomas de Thomon and acquired a grand appearance. But in 1811 there was a fire in the theater, and that was it. interior decoration died, and the facade of the building was damaged. Seven years later, it was restored, then the theater underwent another important restructuring, carried out in 1836 by Alberto Cavos. Interestingly, at that time, the opera “Ivan Susanin” by the father of the architect Kavos was very popular on the stage of the theater. This was, of course, even before the creation of Glinka's opera with the same name.

The rebuilt theater opened in 1836 with a production of the same opera A Life for the Tsar by Glinka. And exactly 6 years later, Ruslan and Lyudmila, by the same composer, was staged for the first time on the same stage. Of course, the Bolshoi Theater became truly famous. True, the theater troupe was gradually transferred to the Alexandrinsky and the nearby Theater-Circus.

The building of the modern Mariinsky Theater was erected on the site of the Circus Theatre.

The fact is that in 1846 a ban was introduced on staging operas by Russian composers, and the Russian troupe was replaced by an Italian one. After 4 years, the ban was lifted, but the situation hardly improved: the Russian troupe did not have its own building, and the artists gave performances in a small wooden building of the Circus Theatre.

In 1859, the Circus Theater burned down, and it was in its place that the building of the modern Mariinsky Theater was erected. The construction was supervised by the same Alberto Cavos. The theater was named after the wife of Tsar Alexander II Maria Alexandrovna. You probably already guessed that you celebrated the opening of the new theater with a production of the opera A Life for the Tsar.

The second half of the 19th century was the heyday of the theater. On his stage they staged such famous works like "Boris Godunov" by Mussorgsky, "The Maid of Orleans", "The Enchantress", " Queen of Spades» Tchaikovsky, «Pskovityanka», «May Daughter» and «Snow Maiden» by Rimsky-Korsakov, «Prince Igor» by Borodin, «Demon» by Rubinstein. At the very beginning of the 20th century, the repertoire of the Mariinsky Theater included Wagner's famous theatrical The Ring of the Nibelung, Electra by Richard Strauss, Khovanshchina by Mussorgsky. All these names and titles are known even to those who are far from operatic art.

The ballet did not lag behind the opera. Not only the classics (“Corsair”, “Giselle” and “Esmeralda”) were staged on the stage, but also “La Bayadère”, “Sleeping Beauty”, “The Nutcracker” and “ Swan Lake". The famous choreography of Tchaikovsky's "Swan Lake" is due to creative union choreographers Ivanov and Petipa.

In 1885, almost all performances from the stage of the closing Bolshoi Theater were transferred to the stage of the Mariinsky. On the site of the Bolshoi Stone Theater, the St. Petersburg Conservatory was erected. In 1917 the theater was declared State, and in 1935 it was renamed in honor of S. Kirov. But the troupe did not sit idle, at this time new famous operas(“The Love for Three Oranges” by Prokofiev, “Salome” and “Der Rosenkavalier” by Strauss) and ballets (“The Flame of Paris” and “The Fountain of Bakhchisaray” by Asafiev, “Romeo and Juliet” by Prokofiev).

In the Great Patriotic War Mariinskii Opera House evacuated to Perm

During the Great Patriotic War, the theater was evacuated to Perm, where it continued its activities. In 1944, the Mariinsky came to Leningrad and celebrated his return with guess what? Right! "Ivan Susanin" Glinka. That's the way it is with theater. In the 1960s, theater performances famous dancers Nureyev and Baryshnikov. In 1988, Valery Gergiev took over the management of the theatre, holding this post until now. The Mariinsky Theater actively cooperates with famous foreign theaters opera and ballet, in particular with La Scala, Covent Garden, the Metropolitan Opera and the Opéra de Bastille.

- one of the most famous and significant opera and ballet theaters in Russia and the world, which played a leading role in the development of Russian choreographic and operatic art. The theater orchestra under the direction of V. A. Gergiev is among the best symphony groups in the world, while the opera and ballet troupe are rightfully considered the strongest among domestic and foreign teams.

The theater traces its history back to the Bolshoi (Stone) Theater founded in 1783 by order of Empress Catherine the Great on the square, which later became known as the Theater. The theater was located in a building later rebuilt as the St. Petersburg Conservatory and was part of the Imperial Theaters of Russia.

In 1859, the Circus Theater located opposite the Bolshoi Theater burned down. In its place, the architect Alberto Cavos built new theater, which was named the Mariinsky in honor of the wife of Alexander II, Empress Maria Alexandrovna. The first theatrical season in the new building opened on October 2, 1860 with Glinka's Life for the Tsar.

On November 9, 1917, with the change of power, the theater, which became the State Theater, was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR, in 1920 it became academic and since then it has been fully called the State academic theater opera and ballet. After the murder of S.M. Kirov, the theater was named after him. Throughout almost all Soviet period the theater was called Kirovsky, under this name it is still remembered abroad.
On January 16, 1992, the theater returned to its former name.

Theaters have taken an important step in the history of the formation of the culture and traditions of Russia. Among the significant and outstanding theaters and a unique historical and architectural landmark of the country has become the Mariinsky Theater. Art connoisseurs have always considered him to be one of the best. Many historians, architects, and even ordinary citizens are interested in the history of the creation of the Mariinsky Theatre.

It is rich in events and deserves attention. The date of foundation and the beginning of the existence of the Mariinsky Theater is considered to be 1783, when, on the direct order of Catherine, it was decided to open the Bolshoi Kamenny Theater on Theater Square, in those days it was called Carousel Square.

In the middle of the nineteenth century, in 1859, the Circus Theater built just opposite the famous Bolshoi Theater was, unfortunately, completely destroyed, the cause was a severe fire. Instead of the burnt building, a new building was erected - the building of the now famous Mariinsky Theater. It received the name not by chance, it was customary to call it the Mariinsky. This name was given to him for good reason - in honor of Empress Maria Alexandrovna (wife of Alexander II).

In this theater, the first theatrical season opened a little later only in 1860. A little later, it was decided to rebuild it, and the entire repertoire was transferred to the stage of the Mariinsky Theater.

Each era in history has left its historical imprint. During the revolutionary period, the theater changed its name to the State, and since 1920 it was renamed the State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre. But the renaming of the theater did not end there either - in the mid-thirties (1935) it was named after the famous revolutionary Sergei Kirov.

Modern Mariinsky Theater

On this moment It includes three active sites:

— the main platform is the building of the theater on Teatralnaya;
– the second stage was opened in 2013;
- third scene - Concert hall open on st. Decembrists.

Over the years of its existence, a huge number of unique works have been staged on the stage of the Mariinsky Theater. It was possible to buy tickets for the Nutcracker ballet, enjoy the magnificent production of Sleeping Beauty, Peter Grimes, etc.

In total, over thirty operas and 29 ballets were staged on its stage during the years of the twentieth century. This is a very high figure. Find your inspiration here best composers And artistic directors countries. Today there are a lot of people working here. professional actors- real aces of theatrical art.

It should be noted that the Great Patriotic War left a huge unpleasant imprint in the history of the theater itself. In addition to material damage, the theater team lost about three hundred artists, who, unfortunately, died at the front.

To see a unique game talented actors many guests from other countries came to the country. Every year the theater hosted many people wishing to see the famous "Mariinsky" performances.

Many artists participating in popular and well-known productions even today have received special thanks and awards.

Let's hope that such buildings as the Mariinsky Theater are no longer threatened with cardinal changes. Due to the small funding from the state, the actors have to connect to the development of the repertoire. Every year we can observe that the efforts of our ancestors were not in vain - the stage of the Mariinsky Theater gave quite a big number outstanding actors and opera performers.

Mariinskii Opera House. MARIINSKY THEATER (named after Empress Maria Alexandrovna), an opera and ballet theater in St. Petersburg. Opened in 1860 with a production of the opera A Life for the Tsar by M.I. Glinka in the building of the Circus Theater on Theater Square, rebuilt in 1859 ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

MARIINSKII OPERA HOUSE- opened in 1783 in St. Petersburg as the Stone (Bolshoi) Theater, since 1860 in a modern building (architect A.K. Kavos), at the same time received modern name; in 1919 1991 State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre, since 1935. S. M. Kirov, since 1992 ... ... Big encyclopedic Dictionary

MARIINSKII OPERA HOUSE- (named after Empress Maria Alexandrovna), Opera and Ballet Theater in St. Petersburg. Opened in 1860 with a production of the opera Life for Tsar M.I. Glinka in the building of the Circus Theater on Theater Square, rebuilt in 1859 (reconstructed in 1968 1970). One ... ... Russian history

Mariinskii Opera House- (see the Opera and Ballet Theater named after S. M. Kirov). Saint Petersburg. Petrograd. Leningrad: Encyclopedic reference book. M.: Bolshaya Russian Encyclopedia. Ed. collegium: Belova L. N., Buldakov G. N., Degtyarev A. Ya. and others. 1992 ... St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)

Mariinskii Opera House- Mariinsky Theatre, see the Opera and Ballet Theater named after S. M. Kirov ... Encyclopedic reference book "St. Petersburg"

Mariinskii Opera House- opened in 1783 in St. Petersburg as the Stone (Bolshoi) Theater, since 1860 in a modern building (architect A.K. Kavos), at the same time it received its modern name; in 1919 1991 State Academic Theater of Opera and Ballet, since 1935 named after S. M. Kirov ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Mariinskii Opera House Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Mariinskii Opera House- in St. Petersburg. opened 2 Oct. 1860 by the resumption of the opera Life for the Tsar. Rebuilt by the architect A.K. Kavos from the circus theater that burned down in 1859. IN Lately(1894-96) the theater was overhauled. Significant works in order to improve... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Mariinskii Opera House- see the Leningrad Opera and Ballet Theater ... Music Encyclopedia

Mariinskii Opera House- MARIINSKY THEATER, see the Leningrad Opera and Ballet Theater ... Ballet. Encyclopedia

Books

• Mariinsky Ballet: View from Moscow, Tatyana Kuznetsova. This book is a stage portrait of a Petersburg troupe seen through the eyes of a Muscovite. Here are the performances that the theater presented as hits of its seasons from 1997 to 2012: ... Buy for 632 rubles
• Big theater. Culture and politics. New history, Solomon Volkov. A living, unorthodox history of the interaction between politics and art, government and society, the Tsar and the Theater. The Bolshoi Theater is one of the most famous brands in Russia. In the West, the word Bolshoi is not…

MARIINSKY THEATER - go-su-dar-st-ven-ny aka-de-mi-che-sky, theater of opera and ba-le-ta, one of the oldest theaters of Ros -si (St. Petersburg).

Named in 1860 in honor of the imp. Ma-rii Alek-san-d-rov-ny - sup-ru-gi imp. Alek-san-dr II. Until the February Revolution of 1917, he was part of the sys-te-mu im-pe-ra-tor-sky te-at-ditch. Pra-vi-tel-st-ven-nym Dec-re-tom 11/9/1917 declared-len go-su-dar-st-ven-nym and re-dan in the lead of the People's Commissariat - about. Since 1920 State. aka de mich. theater of the opera and ba-le-ta, since 1935 Le-ningr. aka de mich. te-atr opera-ry and ba-le-ta them. S. M. Ki-ro-va. Since 1992, again the Ma-ri-in-sky theater.

The art of M. t. rises to the court muses. speck-tak-lam fr. (from the 1720s) and Italian. (from the 1730s) troupe. In 1736, the “Italian-Yan-Company” in-ka-za-la is the first in Russia, opera-ru-se-ria - “Si-la love-vi and not-on-vis- ti” F. Araya. Gradually, in the "Italian-Jan-sky company" they began to pro-no-kat father. is-half-no-those. Prof. dances-tsov-shchi-ki and dances-tsov-shchi-tsy appeared after the account of the imp. An-noy Ivan-nov-noy in 1738 of the tan-tse-val-noy school (see Aka-de-miya of the Russian ba-le-ta) under the arm. J.B. Lande. In 1783, the Bolshoy (Ka-men-ny) theater was opened (the building was built in 1775-83, architect A. Ri-nal-di, on the site of today foreign St. Petersburg con-ser-va-to-rii); decree imp. Eka-te-ri-ny II op-ga-ni-zo-va-na troupe-pa “not for co-media and tra-ge-di, but also for opera”, 1- I'm a hundred-new-ka - ko-mich. opera Lunar World by J. Pai-zi-el-lo (1783, Italian troupe-pa). In 1803, the opera and ballet troupe de-li-lis from the drama. In 1836, they from-yes-but for-but-in-from-built-en-noe building Bol-sho-go (Ka-men-no-go) te-at-ra (architect A. K. Ka -vos); the season opened the first of a hundred new operas “Life for the Tsar” by M. I. Glinka. Until 1860, there was no performance of Ital on this stage. opera troupe; Rus. opera troupe-pa from 1845 ra-bo-ta-la on the imp. stage in Moscow, from 1854 - in St. Petersburg on the stage Te-at-ra-circus (built in 1847-49, architect. Ka-vos) on the bank-re-gu Kru-ko-va ka-na-la.

After the heat of 1859, the Te-at-ra-circ-ka building re-con-st-rui-ro-va-but with the same ar-hi-tek-to-rum; from the roof under the name. "M. T." in 1860, the opera Life for the Tsar by M. I. Glinka. When re-building-ke usi-le-na complex volumetric com-po-zi-tion of the building, fa-sa-dy in Rus-le ek-lek-tiz-ma co- store-ni-whether the go-ri-zon-tal-members-non-niya and the design-le-niye on the floor-or-de-rum, spectator-tel-no-mu for-lu with-yes- on a sub-to-in-about-time-form-ma. So the same set-swarm-us to-half-nit. weight-ti-bu-li and foyer (for the royal box, etc.), ras-shi-re-no foyer for public. Then, when the same auditorium, lu-chil modern. decoration with a rich sculptural tour and lively deco-rum (including the pla-fon of the artist E. Francio-li in es- ki-zam K. Du-zi). In 1885, pro-ve-de-on the next re-con-struction of the building (architect V. A. Schroeter; to the left wing of the building en 3-storey building for sub-own rooms). In 1894, the building was re-re-built again, but Shro-te-rum: ch. the fa-garden is decorated with a co-lo-s-sal-nym or-de-rum, the de-cor ex-ter-e-ra of the building has become more fractional, increased-li-but pro-countries -st-in the foyer and us-swarm-us new le-st-ni-tsy, ch. foyer and para-rad-nye-le-st-ni-tsy in-lu-chi-whether so-stored-niv-neck-sya to our days, registration, de-rev. pe-re-cover-tia and kir-pich-nye vaults would-whether for-me-not-us metal-tal-lich. and be-ton-ny-mi con-st-ruk-tion-mi, etc. In 1914 A. Ya. -s-tav-ri-ro-van in 1952 S. B. Vir-salad-ze). The building is in-stra-yes-lo at the time of Vel. Fatherland wars, re-con-st-rui-ro-va-no in 1943-44. In 1966-67, new buildings were added, new re-pe-ti-tsi-on-ny halls and a small stage were built (arch. S. M. Gelfer). From the beginning 2000s construction is underway on the building of the second stage of M. t. In the re-con-st-rui-ro-van-nom building he-no-go ma-ga-zi-na and for-la former. Directorate of imp. theater (1900, architect Schroeter) opened a concert hall of M. t. (2004-06, architect K. Fabre).

Opera. In con. 18 - beg. 19th centuries os-no-woo re-per-tois-ra composed-la-whether opera-ry French. (F. Bu-al-dieu, A. Gret-ri, P. A. Mont-si-ny and others) and Italian. (J. Pai-zi-el-lo, J. Sar-ti, D. Chi-ma-ro-za, etc.) com-po-zi-to-ditch, became the first pro- from-ve-de-niya rus. com-po-zi-to-ditch - M. M. So-ko-lov-sko-go, E. I. Fo-mi-na, V. A. Pash-ke-vi-cha, later S. I. Yes-you-do-va, etc. In 1803-1840, the opera troupe-pu was headed by K. A. Ka-vos, the author of many operas staged on the stage te-at-ra, among them - "Ivan Su-sa-nin" (1815). In these years, osu-shche-st-in-le-na are the first in Russian. stage-not in a hundred-now-ki of the operas "The Magic Flute" by V. A. Mo-tsar-ta (1818), "Free Arrow-Lok" by K. M. von We-be -ra (1824), "Nor-ma" and "So-mnam-boo-la" (1837), "Pu-ri-ta-ne" (1840) V. Bel-li-ni, "Lu-chia di Lam-mer-mur "G. Do-ni-tset-ti and others. Ve-du-schi-mi fatherland. co-lis-ta-mi would be P. A. Bu-la-khov, Ya. S. Vo-rob-yov, P. V. Zlov, G. F. Kli-movsky, A. M. Kru-tits-ki, E. S. San-du-no-va, V. M. Sa-my-lov, etc. You-stu-pa-whether Italian, French. and German. corpse-py. You-give-shim-xia-be-ti-em became-la-a-sta-new-ka of M. I. Glin-ki’s opera “Life for the Tsar”, oz-na-me-no- vav-shay ro-zh-de-nie rus. class-sich. operas. In 1842, having become-le-on-the-paradise of Glin-ki's second opera - "Rus-lan and Lud-mi-la". In both of their spec-so-lyah races, yes, ro-va-nie you-give-sing-sya Rus. singers O. A. Pet-ro-va and A. Ya. M. S. Le-be-dev, A. I. Le-o-nov, M. M. Ste-pa-no-va, V. A. She -ma-ev, M. P. She-le-ho-va, S. S. Gu-lak-Ar-te-mov-sky, E. A. Se-myo-no-va and others. -vi-tel-st-vom dvor-ra you-stu-pa-la Ital. opera troupe-pa, in its co-st-ve - singers of the world-ro-go-class J. Ru-bi-ni, A. Tam-bu-ri-ni, Julia Gri -zi, L. Lab-lash, P. Wi-ar-do-Gar-sia and others. Rus. corpse-pa would-la from-tes-not-on to the background, and in 1845-54, actually-ti-che-ski from-gna-na (you-stu-pa-la on the imp. scenes Mo-sk-you).

In the opera re-per-tois-re, opened in 1860, M. t., the accent was made in Russian. mu-zy-ke. Among the most-bo-lea means. in a hundred-no-wok - “Rus-lan and Lud-mi-la” by M. I. Glin-ki (1861), “Ru-sal-ka” by A. S. Dar-go-male-sko-go (1865). Were osu-shche-st-in-le-na the first in is-to-rii in-st-nov-ki rus. class-sich. operas: "Judith" (1863), "Horn-not-yes" (1865) by A. N. Se-ro-va; "Stone Guest" Dar-go-myzh-sko-go (1872); "Psko-vi-tyan-ka" (1873), "May night" (1880), "Sne-gu-roch-ka" (1882), "Mla-da" (1892), "Night before Ro-zh-de-st-vom "(1895) N. A. Rim-sko-go-Kor-sa-ko-va; “Bo-ris Go-du-nov” (2nd edition, with pro-log) by M. P. Mu-sorg-sko-go (1874); "Op-rich-nick" (1874), "Blacksmith Wa-ku-la" (1876), "Or-le-en-sky de-va" (1881), "Cha-ro-dey-ka" (1887), "Pi-ko-vaya da-ma" (1890), "Io-lan-ta" (1892) P. I. Chai-kov-sko-go; "Demon" A. G. Rub-bin-shtein (1875); "Prince Igor" by A. P. Bo-ro-de-na (1890); “Ore-steya” by S. I. Ta-nee-va (1895), and others. From Western-Europe. re-per-tua-ra in-stav-le-na "Pro-rock" J. May-er-be-ra (1869); “Si-la fate” (1862; opera na-pi-sa-na for M. t.), “Tra-via-ta” (1868), “Ai-da” (1877), “Ri th-years-to” (1878), “Hotel-lo” (1887), “Fal-staff” (1894, for the first time in Russian) J. Verdi; "Lo-en-green" (1868), "Tan-gey-zer" (1874), "Three-stan and Isol-da" (1899) R. Wag-ne-ra; “Car-men” by J. Bi-zet and “Ma-non” by J. Mass-not (both 1885); “Me-fi-hundred-fel” by A. Boy-to (1886), operas by K. M. von We-be-ra, V. A. Mo-tsar-ta, J. Puch-chi-ni and other com-po-zi-to-ditch. Ch. di-ri-zhe-rum in 1860-69 was K.N. On-right-nick, the activity of someone-ro-go play-ra-la means-chit. role in is-to-rii te-at-ra: he must-ta-no-vil creative. connections with the West-wes-mi Rus. com-po-zi-to-ra-mi, took the best art-ti-stitch in te-at-re. si-ly, raised prof. the level of opera-nyh in a hundred-but-wok. Among co-lists of te-at-ra: singers F. P. Ko-mis-sar-zhev-sky, E. A. Lav-rov-skaya, D. M. Le-o-no -va, I. A. Mel-ni-kov, F. K. Ni-kol-sky, Yu. F. Pla-to-no-va.

In con. 19 - beg. 20th century re-per-tu-ar te-at-ra included operas by R. Vag-ne-ra (“Val-ky-riya”, 1900; “Gi-bel of the gods”, 1903; “Zo- lo-to Rei-na", 1905), "Electro-tru" by R. Strauss, so-by-tiya-mi have become-a-new-ki Russian. operas “The Tale of Not-Vi-Di-Mom Gra-de Ki-te-the-same and de-ve Feb-ro-nii” by N. A. Rim-sko-go-Kor-sa-ko-va (1907, for the first time on the stage), “Kho-van-shi-na” by M. P. Mu-sorg-sko-go (1911, for the first time in M. t.), etc. In M. v. you-stu-pa-whether the largest master of opera-no-th art: I. A. Al-chev-sky, A. Yu. Bol-ska, M. I. Do-li-na, I. V. Er-shov, E. I. Zbrue-va, V. I. Kas-torsky, V. I. Ku-za, F. V. Lit-vin, E. K. Mra-vin-na, E. K. Pav-lov-skaya, M. A. Slav-vin-na, L. V. So-bi-nov, F. I. Stra-vin-sky, I. V. Tar-ta-kov, M. I. and H. H. an hour you-stepped F.I. Sha-la-pin. In te-at-re ra-bo-ta-li from-west di-ri-zhe-ry - F. M. Blu-man-feld, A. Ko-uts, hu-dozh-ni-ki - A. N. Be-nua, A. Ya. Go-lo-vin, K. A. Ko-ro-vin, B. M. Kus-to-di-ev.