Is it possible to get salmonellosis from chicken eggs. Where is salmonellosis found in eggs

Chicken eggs are present in the diet of almost every person. Someone prefers them for breakfast, and someone from a pair of testicles is ready to eat an omelet for dinner.

But few people know that chicken eggs are a source of an infection called salmonellosis. Of course, if the eggs are well cooked or fried, then there is nothing to be afraid of. But there are also people who prefer to eat them raw. And that's where the biggest danger lies.

Almost everyone has heard about such a disease as salmonellosis. But few people imagine what kind of ailment this is, and what microbes it is caused by. Let us fill in your gaps in knowledge, especially since in Lately salmonellosis has become quite common, which means that everyone should know about the symptoms of this disease.

salmonella bacterium

Salmonella is a bacterium that looks very much like a stick. Salmonella is named after the American veterinarian D. E. Salmon, who first identified this microbe. The peculiarity of this microorganism is that it can easily and simply survive outside the body of a person or animal for a week. When heated to only 55 degrees, Salmonella die in an hour and a half, when heated to 60 degrees, they die in 12 minutes. Freezing, however, has no effect on these microbes. There are several types of salmonella and all of them are dangerous to humans. However, do not think that the disease in all people proceeds the same way. No. There are 4 forms of this dangerous disease. And each form should be considered separately.

Gastrointestinal form

This is perhaps the most common form of the disease. It occurs in the form of severe food poisoning. At the same time, the body temperature rises, often up to 39 degrees and above, the person feels overwhelmed, lethargic, weak. First, abdominal pain appears, which is gradually replaced by nausea and vomiting. Then comes the diarrhea. With proper treatment, the disease usually resolves in 4 days. If treatment is not started in a timely manner, then the disease can drag on for up to a week.

typhoid type

This type of salmonellosis is relatively rare. The first signs are diarrhea, vomiting and all signs of poisoning of the human body.

At the same time, the temperature again reaches high numbers. The peculiarity of this type of disease is that after a couple of days all the symptoms of food poisoning disappear by themselves, but the temperature, as it was high, remains within 39 degrees. The patient's condition is also not improving. A rash can be seen on the body. This fever can last from a week to a month. And another main symptom of this disease is the expansion of the boundaries of the spleen and liver.

septic form

This is the most severe type of salmonellosis. The first signs of the disease are exactly the same as those of the previous form, but the patient feels worse and worse every day. Body temperature can rise to high numbers in a few minutes and become normal again in a short period. At the same time, it is almost never possible to reduce the fever with drugs. The infection spreads rapidly throughout the body and can affect any organ. But the worst thing is that it is very difficult to make a diagnosis with this ailment and only an experienced specialist can do this.

And, finally, the last form is the carriage. At the same time, the carrier itself does not have any symptoms of the disease, but, at the same time, it is very contagious to others. Sometimes only a case helps to identify the carriage of salmonellosis, and some people do not know for years that such a terrible disease has settled in their body.

How to protect yourself from salmonella

As mentioned above, the source of the disease is mainly chicken eggs. It is best to buy fresh eggs. To choose just such, you should definitely look at the date, which is usually printed on each. If this stamp is not present, then you can look at the packaging itself. Usually the date of production and packaging is always there. Eggs can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 2 months. If they have lain there longer, then they can only be used for making dough.

In order to prevent the development of the disease, eggs should be boiled as long as possible. But undercooked eggs should be eaten with great care. If you like omelettes and scrambled eggs, then such things should definitely be baked well, and not served half-finished.

Salmonellosis and its consequences

Do not think that after recovery, the disease disappears once and for all. Very often, and especially if a child has been ill with this disease or old man, the disease leaves behind "gifts" in the form of a violation of the function of the kidneys or even the heart muscle. Another problem is dysbacteriosis. After all, salmonellosis is an intestinal disease, and therefore the violation of the microflora here is very strong. If the disease was in a child, then dysbacteriosis is most often manifested by diathesis.

But the most terrible thing begins when the disease proceeds in a mild form, and the person simply has not been cured to the end. Under the influence of drugs, bacteria stop their vital activity, but the body does not completely get rid of them. And at any suitable moment, and this is, as a rule, hypothermia, stress, a decrease in immunity, the disease begins to make itself felt again.

Often, salmonellosis also causes the development of purulent diseases, for example, an abscess or peritonitis.

Diet for sickness

In order to help a person recover, he is prescribed a special diet. At the same time, it is worth remembering that it is impossible to starve here in any case. You can not eat milk and all dairy products, black bread, citrus fruits, cereals with milk, fatty meats or fish. You can eat soups on a weak fish broth, grated low-fat cottage cheese, steamed meatballs.

To prevent severe dehydration, you need to drink up to 3 liters of fluid per day.

Raw bird eggs are widely used in cooking. The product is used for making sauces, ready meals and desserts. Every housewife should know that salmonella in chicken eggs can lead to serious illness.

Source of infection

is a Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Salmonella. Resistant to environmental influences. Salmonella requires animal protein to reproduce.

The carriers of the infection are wild and domestic birds. Bacteria multiply in the intestines of ducks, chickens, quails and geese. Isolation of the pathogen external environment occurs with faeces. Salmonellosis is transmitted through contaminated food.

Typical symptoms of an intestinal infection: frequent loose stools mixed with greenery and mucus (swamp mud), repeated vomiting, abdominal pain. The disease begins acutely, intoxication and dehydration rapidly develop. Salmonellosis is common in children and adults.

Where is the pathogen located?

Pets live indoors, which helps spread the infection. For a salmonellosis outbreak in a chicken coop, one sick bird is enough.

There is a high risk of infection after eating raw eggs. Salmonella get on the shell when the masonry is contaminated with infected droppings. After three days, the bacteria pass through the protective shell and find themselves inside.

Can you get salmonellosis from eating poultry? When slaughtering and cutting carcasses, it is necessary to observe the rules of sanitation and hygiene. Salmonella contamination of chicken meat is a common occurrence.

Is there salmonellosis in quail eggs?

A valuable product with unique nutritional properties. Quail eggs are hypoallergenic, contain a large amount of vitamins and minerals.

Widely used in dietary nutrition. Due to the high content of lecithin, they lower the level of cholesterol in the blood.

The amino acid tyrosine has a beneficial effect on metabolic processes in the connective tissue. Lysocin inhibits the development of pathogens.

The body temperature of healthy birds exceeds 40 ◦C, which creates additional difficulties for the reproduction of the pathogen. The calcareous shell is thin, with microscopic pores, so salmonella in quail eggs is rare.

It must be remembered that infection is possible when the product is consumed raw. Quails get sick with salmonellosis as often as ducks or chickens. Any poultry can become infected due to improper care and feeding.

The main source of infection is compound feed, which is made from processed entrails of pigs and cattle. Constant stay in a cramped poultry house creates favorable conditions for the reproduction of microorganisms.

How to check the product for infection?

Salmonella in eggs can be detected by bacteriological examination. You can check the products in a special laboratory. A suspicious egg is wiped with an alcohol solution and burned.

The lime shell is opened with sterile tweezers. For bacteriological culture, the inner part is used.

In a laboratory study, the number and type of Salmonella are determined. For bacterial seeding, a tenfold and a hundredfold dilution of biological material is performed. The analysis is placed in a thermostat for 48 hours. Optimum temperature for bacterial growth is 37 ◦C.

How to prevent infection?

Many people like to buy products from farmers. In this case, the risk of Salmonella infection is significantly increased. Often, keeping poultry in private farms does not meet sanitary standards. Despite careful control, salmonellosis infection is possible when buying goods in a store. To avoid, precautions must be taken.

1. do not buy goods from unfamiliar merchants;
2. monitor the integrity of the shell;
3. do not use the product with traces of blood;
4. be sure to check the expiration date (safe is 2 days);
5. store in a separate container;
6. when preparing, observe the rules of hygiene.

Raw product is forbidden to include in the diet of children early age and pregnant women. Proper preparation and careful heat treatment will help prevent poisoning.

First you need to wash the egg. This will help remove most of the pathogenic bacteria from the shell. How to wash eggs correctly?

• water should not be hot;
• it is recommended to use laundry soap;
• be careful not to damage the shell.

Processing will help prevent bacteria from getting inside. If the contents are infected, proper cooking can save you from infection. Salmonella is resistant to damaging factors. When frozen, bacteria retain their viability for more than 12 months.

Preventive measures against infection

At what temperature does salmonella, which is found in eggs, die? Boiling kills bacteria after 5 minutes. For your safety, you need to boil hard-boiled eggs. At 60 ◦C Salmonella die in 13-16 minutes. It is recommended to heat food up to 75 degrees. The minimum cooking time is 15 minutes.

Soft-boiled eggs (with a liquid core) are not recommended for consumption. Fry omelettes on both sides. Readiness criterion - fully hardened yolk. For the preparation of fried eggs, it is better to use quail eggs.

Salmonellosis is especially dangerous for young children and debilitated patients with reduced immunity. Infection during pregnancy is also undesirable. With a pronounced deficiency of immunity, salmonellosis can go into a septic form. Following the recommendations for cooking will help to avoid infection and maintain health.

Video: how to recognize salmonellosis in eggs

Salmonella disease is an infection that is transmitted through certain foods contaminated with Salmonella. More common in children and adolescents. It begins violently with an increase in body temperature. Emergency medical intervention is required to prevent toxic shock and electrolyte and fluid imbalances. We offer material that tells about salmonellosis in humans.

It is believed that the healthiest and safest foodstuffs can only be obtained in the village. Allegedly, there can be no infection in raw milk from one's own cow and in eggs from domestic chickens. But in fact, there is a danger - salmonellosis.

Salmonellosis is an infection caused by salmonella, a rod-shaped bacteria. In total there are more than 2000 species. These microbes infect not only people, but also animals (cattle and medium cattle, various rodents), leading to their death. Recently, birds, mainly waterfowl, are becoming increasingly ill with salmonellosis.

Salmonellosis infection

Bacteria enter our body when eating poorly thermally processed meat, milk, sour cream, eggs from infected birds. Infection with salmonellosis can occur when personal hygiene is violated.

How is salmonellosis transmitted?

There is only one way how salmonellosis is transmitted. This is penetration into the human digestive tract. Theoretically, the easiest way to get infected is from duck eggs. According to veterinarians, every second duck in our country is infected with salmonella.

But most often, patients pick up salmonellosis from chickens. Among these birds, the incidence is not as high as among ducks, but we eat chicken eggs and meat much more often.

salmonellosis in eggs

Is salmonellosis present in chicken, quail and duck eggs? Yes, and in fried eggs too! In general, if the albumen and yolk are liquid, the bacteria in them can survive.

According to statistics, most often patients become infected with salmonellosis precisely when eating undercooked or undercooked eggs. Of course, the easiest way to get sick is if you drink them raw. But, fortunately, now such cases are becoming less.

Is it better to exclude scrambled eggs from the diet altogether? Eggs are a valuable food product, but they must be cooked very carefully: so that they boil in water for at least 10 minutes. Only then do all salmonella die.

Are chicken products safe? As soon as a disease breaks out at one end of the chicken coop, almost the entire farm becomes ill. Among villagers, chickens live more isolated, but there is no guarantee that they will not become infected with salmonellosis.

Does the infection spread through water? Much less often, since moisture for salmonella is not a very favorable environment. To become infected, a person must drink raw water, into which pathogens have recently entered and in large quantities. In addition, you can catch salmonellosis if hygiene is not observed, if you eat unwashed vegetables and fruits.

Can salmonella be transmitted from person to person? It is impossible to get infected by airborne droplets. The patient can infect others if he cooks food or uses common hygiene items without washing his hands after using the toilet. In this case, a person may not even suspect that he is dangerous. Since undertreated patients or patients with latent carriage of bacteria can be contagious.

At what time of the year is the disease most dangerous? This ailment can be caught all year round, for example, by regularly eating eggs and meat. However, in the spring and summer, salmonellosis is more common than usual. At this time, people begin to travel to villages, dachas, take care of gardens and orchards, drink raw milk and buy food from their hands. Stalls with poorly fried grilled chickens appear on the streets. In addition, in the summer heat, microbes multiply much faster.

Who is most likely to get salmonellosis? It depends on the body's defenses and the number of bacteria that have entered it. Sometimes it happens that the whole family ate the same dish, but some became infected, while others did not. If the patient has a weak immune system, then he is more likely to get sick.

But if a person is in good health, he can carry salmonellosis in a mild form. For example, he will decide that he has been poisoned by something stale (this symptom is characteristic of many diseases), lie down at home for one day and recover. True, in this case, he can become a carrier of the infection.

Signs of salmonellosis

Salmonella enter the small intestine and multiply there. Bacteria produce toxins that poison the human body. There are signs of salmonellosis

Salmonellosis symptoms

The disease begins acutely 12-24 hours after infection. The patient's temperature rises (sometimes up to 40 ° C), intoxication develops, pains in the abdomen, head, nausea, vomiting, weakness appear, appetite disappears, the skin becomes very pale. The chair becomes frequent, liquid, fetid, frothy, often green. The most important symptoms of salmonellosis are severe dehydration.

What happens if the patient does not see a doctor? Salmonellosis is dangerous due to severe dehydration and intoxication. At the same time, the patient develops a sharp weakness, pressure and body temperature decrease, the pulse quickens, shortness of breath appears, the patient cannot move.

A high temperature means that the immune system is fighting the infection, but a low temperature indicates that the patient’s body has “surrendered” and the person is between life and death. That is why, even at the very beginning of the disease, you should immediately consult a doctor.

What complications can remain after the disease? With timely treatment and the right diet, complications will not develop. But if the patient does not follow the recommendations of the doctor, gastritis and gastroduodenitis may remain “in memory” of salmonellosis.

Consequences and complications of salmonellosis

May appear Negative consequences salmonellosis. If salmonellosis is not treated for a long time, it can turn into a very severe generalized form. With it, bacteria go beyond the intestines, enter the bloodstream, spread throughout the body and settle simultaneously in various organs (lungs, stomach).

Complications of salmonellosis develop, with an increase in the liver and spleen often observed, and on the seventh day a roseolous rash appears on the abdomen and sides (non-protruding, non-pruritic, small, with clear boundaries). If doctors do not intervene at this stage, the disease will turn into a generalized septic form, in which salmonella form purulent foci in the body. The bacteria primarily infect the liver, lungs, heart, and kidneys. This threatens with very deplorable consequences, even death.

Prevention of salmonellosis

Specific prevention of salmonellosis by vaccination is not possible. There are no such vaccines. After the disease, immunity is not only not formed, but quite the opposite - the patient becomes more susceptible to various intestinal infections. And it becomes even easier for him to catch salmonellosis a second time.

How can you protect yourself from this disease? Cook food carefully, store food properly, wash your hands regularly, buy meat only in large stores, do not take chicken from private individuals on the street.

Symptoms of salmonellosis in children

In children, the incubation period for salmonellosis is approximately 3-4 days. How pronounced the symptoms and signs of the disease in a young patient will be, depends on his age. Salmonellosis is most severe in infants and toddlers under 1 year of age. In infants, symptoms of salmonellosis may take several hours to appear.

In the early days of salmonellosis, children develop severe intoxication. It is manifested by weakness, loss of appetite, fever (up to 39 ° C). On the 3-4th day, patients develop diarrhea. The urge to go to the toilet becomes very frequent, sometimes even more than 10 times a day. The stool in children with salmonellosis is watery, with a greenish tint. On the 7th day of the disease, streaks of blood appear in the feces. These are typical symptoms of salmonellosis in children.

If young children do not receive professional medical attention for salmonellosis on time, this can be fatal. When the first symptoms appear, it is urgent to take the baby to the hospital.

Before the doctors arrive, it is important to make sure that the child drinks a lot. It is desirable that these were special saline solutions. If they are not available, the baby can be given tea, fruit juice. In addition, a young patient with suspected salmonellosis should be isolated from other children. Remember that salmonellosis in children is dangerous.

Treatment of salmonellosis

Self-treatment for salmonellosis is unacceptable. The first signs of an intestinal infection are a reason to seek medical help. How is salmonellosis treated? What can and can not be done after recovery? What diet is prescribed.

Diagnosis of salmonellosis

Diagnosis of salmonellosis begins with the fact that the patient is washed with water for analysis on the flora. They also examine urine and do a double bacterial culture of feces.

Doctors must conduct a survey of the patient (this is called anamnesis): what he ate and drank the day before, where he was, whether he was ill with something similar before, an approximate menu for relatives in the coming days, how they feel.

They also palpate the abdomen: with salmonellosis, pain appears in the upper half of the abdomen. After that, the patient donates blood for the determination of antibodies to salmonella. If a generalized form of the disease is suspected, the bacteria themselves are looked for in the blood.

How to treat salmonellosis

The scheme of how to treat salmonellosis is chosen by the doctor depending on the patient's condition. If the disease is mild, the patient can stay at home. Assigned to the gastrointestinal tract diet, bed rest. To eliminate intoxication and dehydration, absorbents and saline solutions (enterodes, rehydron, hydrovit) are prescribed.

In moderate and especially severe cases of the disease, it is necessary to be treated in a hospital. There, the patient is constantly under the supervision of medical staff, which prevents the possibility of complications of the disease. In addition, more intensive treatment and examinations are carried out there. The patient's stomach is washed, intravenous solutions against dehydration (chlosol, acesol) are prescribed. Complex treatment is carried out, including antibiotic therapy (currently fluoroquinolone preparations), detoxification, antispasmodic, symptomatic therapy.

Also, the patient is given enzyme preparations to restore the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

Previously, salmonellosis was treated with tetracycline and chloramphenicol. Now these drugs are no longer used. In addition, 20 years ago there were no strong antibiotics and saline solutions. And now they can be easily obtained in almost any pharmacy.

Usually they stay in the hospital for no more than 2 weeks. Sometimes it happens that at the end of the prescribed period of treatment, the patient must be discharged from the hospital, but he still continues to shed bacteria or even show symptoms of the disease. Then the patient is sent home, but sick leave do not close and continue to observe in the clinic.

Diet after salmonellosis

The convalescent should continue to take antispasmodics, enzymes and replacement drugs. He will also benefit from B vitamins.

But the main thing is to follow a diet after salmonellosis: coarse foods and foods rich in fiber (salads, raw vegetables and fruits, cabbage juice) are excluded, as they put too much stress on the gastrointestinal tract.

At first, it is better to give up coffee, natural juices, dairy products and soda.

The diet should include vegetable and cereal soups, cereals, boiled vegetables, baked fruits. You can include fish and meat in the diet, but only in boiled form. Kissels, compotes, tea are allowed. Diet (table number 4) must be followed for at least 2 weeks.

There are no restrictions on physical activity. After discharge from the hospital, the patient can immediately go to work - he no longer needs the supervision of a general practitioner or infectious disease specialist.

For your information

Salmonella is very resistant to various influences: at room temperature, bacteria persist on household items for up to 3 months, in dry animal feces - up to 4 years, in water - up to 5 months, in meat and dairy products - up to 6 months, on eggshells - up to 24 days;

Salmonella are killed almost instantly at 100°C and within 30 minutes at 70°C. When pathogens are found in meat products, they become much more resistant to high temperatures. For example, 400 g of meat 19 cm thick must be boiled for 2.5 hours;

Bacteria can withstand low temperatures, up to -80 °С; salmonella are resistant to ultraviolet radiation; when treated with disinfectants, pathogens die within 20 minutes.

Diet for salmonellosis

Diet for salmonellosis - table number 4, which is prescribed for acute diseases and sharp exacerbations of chronic intestinal ailments with severe diarrhea.

They write that they use 4 times a day, at the same hours. The menu should include liquid and semi-liquid dishes, pureed, boiled in water and steamed. Salt food sparingly.

Allowed products:

Beverages- tea without milk, cocoa on the water with a small amount of milk.

bread products- white and gray wheat bread from yesterday's baking, inedible varieties of bakery products and cookies, white bread crumbs.

Snacks- mild cheese, low-fat herring, homemade meat pate.

Milk and dairy products- low-fat freshly prepared cottage cheese, steam soufflé, three-day kefir, acidophilus milk, sour cream in a small amount (add to dishes).

Fats- fresh butter 5 g per dish, ghee and olive oil.

Eggs and egg dishes- 1 soft-boiled egg per day, scrambled eggs, the egg can be added to different dishes.

Soups- cooked on low-fat low-fat meat and fish broth with the addition of mucous decoctions of cereals (semolina, rice), boiled and mashed meat, steamed dumplings and meatballs, as well as egg flakes, homemade noodles, vermicelli.

Meat and fish dishes- various products from low-fat and minced beef, veal and fish. It is better to cook for a couple, when frying the products do not crumble in breadcrumbs. Boiled meat soufflé, minced meat are recommended.

Cereals and pasta- pureed cereals on water or low-fat broth - rice, oatmeal, buckwheat, from cereal flour, in the form of baked puddings and cutlets from cereals without a rough crust; boiled pasta and vermicelli.

Vegetables and greens- puree of various vegetables, puddings, vegetable cutlets, baked or fried without a rough crust. Boiled cauliflower with butter, stewed early zucchini and pumpkin are useful. Chopped early raw greens, dill and parsley are recommended to be added to various dishes.

Fruits and berries- puree, kissels, jelly, mousses, jams, prepared from fresh and dry fruits and berries. Sugar, candy.

Juices- in a limited amount, use fruit, berry and vegetable raw juices, in a warm form and half diluted with water or tea. Useful decoction of rose hips and wheat bran.

Prohibited Products:

• Products from sweet and warm dough.
• Fatty meats and fish; pickles, smoking, marinades; meat, fish and other canned snacks; sausages.
• Millet, barley, barley groats.
• Cold and carbonated drinks, coffee with milk; ice cream, chocolate, cream products.
• Vegetables and fruits in their natural form; mustard, horseradish, pepper, legumes; mushrooms.

Sample menu for diarrhea

Option number 1

First breakfast: rubbed oatmeal on the water; cottage cheese freshly mashed; tea.

Lunch: decoction of dried blueberries.

Dinner: meat broth with semolina; steam meatballs; mashed rice porridge on the water; jelly.

Afternoon snack: warm unsweetened rosehip broth.

Dinner: steam omelet; mashed buckwheat porridge on the water; tea.

For the night: kissel

Option number 2

First breakfast: 300 g of rice porridge on water with the addition of a third of milk and 5 g of butter; 100 g of unleavened fresh cottage cheese with 10-15 g of sour cream and 5 g of sugar; a glass of tea.

Lunch: boiled chicken with rice; protein omelet; tea; bread.

Dinner: soup on meat broth with vermicelli; 125 g of steam meat cutlets; 150 g carrot puree; a glass of apple cider.

Dinner: 85 g of boiled fish; 150 g of mashed potatoes; inedible bun; 25 g of Russian cheese; a glass of tea.

For the night: a glass of non-acidic kefir with white bread or a glass of tea with dry cookies (biscuits, dried biscuit).

All day: 400 g white bread; 50 g of sugar (part of the sugar can be replaced with jam, sweets).

Prevention of salmonellosis

Specialists are obliged to conduct veterinary and sanitary supervision over the slaughter of livestock and the processing of carcasses, to check whether various food companies, factories, catering establishments comply with grocery stores sanitary rules: whether food is prepared, stored and sold correctly. Doctors are required to examine people who get jobs in such places.

Citizens should remember that fresh milk should not be eaten and raw eggs. You also need to properly handle toys and baby care items (especially nipples). And the best prevention of salmonellosis is regular hand washing.

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Slight malaise, slight stool disorder, high fever, repeated vomiting, abdominal pain and dizziness up to loss of consciousness. All these symptoms can indicate a condition such as salmonellosis. Where does this unpleasant disease come from, which causes many problems to our body, we will tell in our article.

Salmonellosis and its causes

No one will argue with the fact that basic hand hygiene and the use of washed vegetables and fruits should be an unshakable rule of a modern person. No less important is the heat treatment of products in order to avoid infection with various infections, in particular salmonella. Those who consume raw eggs are especially at risk in this regard.

salmonellosis - a disease that is included in the group of acute intestinal infections and is one of the most common in the world. The causative agents are bacteria from the Salmonella group that affect the gastrointestinal tract, namely the small intestine.

Interesting

Salmonella is very stable and can persist in the external environment for a long time: in water bodies - 120 days, in soil up to 1.5 years, in rooms in dust - up to 500 days, in sea ​​water- 200 days. In food: in milk - 20 days, in sausage products - 2-4 months, in kefir - 2 months, in frozen meat - from six months to a year, in butter- 120 days, in beer - 2 months, in cheeses - almost a year.

Ways of infection with salmonellosis

The main route of transmission of salmonellosis is food, through food, especially animal origin: meat, eggs and milk. The most dangerous in this regard are poultry meat, pork, beef, veal, also made from them. chopped meat, sausages, sausages, etc. Infection usually occurs when they are insufficiently heat treated or stored at temperatures above + 4 ° C, at which Salmonella not only persist, but also multiply rapidly. Eating unpasteurized milk and foods made with raw eggs can also lead to given state. It is worth noting that people are relatively rarely infected with salmonellosis through water. These dangerous bacteria usually contaminate the water of open bodies of water, and infection occurs when washing dishes.

Important

Salmonellosis diseases are most often observed in the warm season, which depends on the presence of favorable conditions for the reproduction of pathogens in food products. Infected with bacteria, they don't change their appearance and taste, which is the insidiousness of this disease.

Symptoms of the disease

The incubation period of salmonellosis is mainly from 6 to 14 hours, in rare cases it reaches up to 1-2 days. If the disease is mild, nausea, sometimes vomiting, and abdominal pain appear. The chair becomes more frequent up to 3-5 times a day (mushy or liquid, without impurities or with a small amount of mucus and greenery). General state patients are slightly disturbed, the temperature is normal or slightly elevated.

In a severe form of the development of this disease, symptoms of severe intoxication come first. The patient is concerned about severe pain in the abdomen, general weakness, lowering blood pressure. Body temperature rises to 38-39°C. The stools, at first watery and fetid, may lose their fecal character and look like rice water, much like cholera in flow. As a result of profuse vomiting and diarrhea, dehydration occurs.

Treatment of salmonellosis

With a mild degree of the disease, according to the prescription of an infectious disease specialist, treatment can be carried out on an outpatient basis. Patients with moderate and severe forms of the disease are subject to hospitalization in an infectious diseases hospital. Treatment of intestinal infection is carried out depending on the age of the patient, the stage of the inflammatory process and taking into account concomitant chronic conditions.

It should be remembered that salmonellosis is a very serious disease that requires treatment. Just like that, these bacteria will not leave the body. And therefore, if you do not treat it, then the most harmless thing that can happen after a disease is a violation of water-salt metabolism and intestinal microflora. In severe illness and severe intoxication of the body, salmonella can lead to such serious complications as infectious-toxic shock, heart failure, cerebral edema, urinary and biliary tract infections.

Important

Salmonellosis should not be taken lightly, as it can lead not only to very serious complications, but even to death.

diet after illness

After the illness, berries, fruits, vegetables, and sour-milk products should not be included in the diet - they can cause flatulence and upset stools.

Confectionery, heavy fatty, spicy, canned and salty foods should also be excluded from the diet so as not to overload the gastrointestinal tract during the rehabilitation period. But you can help your body by eating light soups, crackers and bagels, potato and boiled meat.

How not to get sick with salmonellosis?

There are certain rules, following which, you can avoid many acute intestinal infections, including salmonellosis:

1. Wash your hands before eating - the most important rule, familiar from childhood, but for the prevention of salmonellosis and other intestinal infections is the most effective.

2. Have a separate knife for raw meat and fish - this also applies to the cutting board, which, together with the knife, should be thoroughly washed and rinsed with boiling water after use.

3. Heat meat, fish and poultry well.

4. Don't drink raw eggs. Fans of this healthy and nutritious product, in order to reduce the risk of getting this bad disease, should know that just rinse eggshell few. The egg must be well fried or hard boiled (at least 10 minutes).

5. Drink only boiled milk, and also, in order not to tempt fate, do not use cottage cheese purchased on the market in hot weather.

6. In institutions Catering do not order sushi, bloody roast beef, puddings, salads dressed with mayonnaise, and egg dishes.

L. B. Nurzhanova,

Master of Public Health,

Specialist "Social Hygiene"

and healthcare organization"

Cases of intestinal infection are most often found in young children due to weak immunity and carelessness. According to statistics, children under 2 years old are infected with salmonella bacteria 5 times more often than older children. You can recognize salmonellosis by the acute clinical picture of symptoms, such as abdominal pain, vomiting and loose stools, fever and loss of strength. Diseases can occur in different forms, but in 70% of cases of infection, a person suffers from the gastrointestinal form.

Modern medicine is in search of methods and measures to prevent the spread of salmonellosis. hot topics are questions about how the infection is transmitted, whether salmonellosis is transmitted from person to person, whether salmonellosis is transmitted through breast milk, as well as what precautions can protect a person from pathogenic bacteria.

How is salmonella transmitted from person to person?

Most often, human infection with salmonellosis occurs by contact-household if someone in the family or environment has more such an intestinal infection. At the same time, few people are aware of whether salmonellosis is transmitted from person to person, and in what way this happens. The specificity of the transmission of pathogens occurs in the usual way for any intestinal infections - by the fecal route.

In addition, you can catch Salmonella bacilli if you do not follow the rules of personal hygiene, for example, when using the personal belongings of an infected person. Also enough bodily contact with the carrier of the infection, as well as dirty hands after that, to become a new object of salmonella. The disease and infection are usually exposed to people with a susceptible organism that has suffered severe illness. Most often, the contact route of transmission of salmonella is characteristic of infants and newborns in a stationary clinic.

Salmonellosis in eggs: answers to basic questions

Many culinary dishes include raw or undercooked eggs. In addition, most of the foods that people use daily contain raw eggs (for example, mayonnaise, creams in confectionery and desserts). Therefore, we can safely say that the threat of salmonella infection looms over every person. And not everyone knows how not to get infected with salmonellosis from eggs. Therefore, experts identify the most pressing questions, and also give accurate answers to them.

Is there salmonellosis in quail eggs?

The opinion that quail eggs cannot be a source of salmonellosis is actually a simple marketing ploy. This was due to the fact that quails have a body temperature much higher than an ordinary chicken (about 42 degrees), which makes her body more resistant to infections and other diseases. In fact, the quail will not suffer from salmonellosis, but this does not negate the possibility of the presence of the disease in the "sleep" mode.

For reference! The harmful temperature for salmonella is at least 55 degrees, in this state the bacillus should stay for at least an hour and a half. At a temperature of 60 degrees, the bacteria can hold out for a maximum of 12 minutes.

Based on this, it becomes clear that quail eggs can also be carriers of salmonellosis, but less often than chicken eggs.

How to treat eggs for salmonellosis?

The main question of most fans chicken eggs sounds like this - how not to get salmonellosis from eggs? The main rule of caution is that you need to buy such a food product in stores that undergo quality certification. In spontaneous markets, purchasing eggs is a big health risk. After buying eggs, they should be washed immediately under warm water and soap to remove chicken droppings and shell contamination.

Eggs should be stored in special containers, protecting them from contact with other potentially hazardous foods. Doctors strongly advise against giving raw eggs to children under 3 years old.. To kill bacteria, the product must be kept continuously in the cold for some time, and then boiled for at least 5 minutes.

Salmonellosis in the egg or on the shell?

During the formation of the egg inside the hen, the fetus itself cannot become infected from the laying hen. The only way egg infection - the remains of litter on its shell. After an egg has been contaminated with droppings, Salmonella bacilli can independently penetrate the shell and infect the contents of the egg.

Based on this, experts recommend washing eggs thoroughly under running water with soap to eliminate chicken droppings and any germs on its surface. In addition, you need to buy eggs only with a mark of product certification, at reliable points of sale and without visible contamination.

What are the risks of infection?

In fact, the risks of salmonella infection are quite high. because salmonellosis is transmitted by eating many foods of animal origin. These are not only chicken eggs, but also milk, meat products, etc. In addition, you can become infected with bacilli from another person. Despite the ubiquitous environment of humans with bacteria, the risks of infection are low.

The human body has special defenses (immunity) against any viruses and infections. Even if salmonella enters the human oral cavity, any microorganisms undergo a collision with salivary gland enzymes, bile and many other elements of the digestive system. Therefore, the chances of surviving and continuing their existence in the human body in Salmonella are relatively small.

The main condition for the prevention of salmonellosis is a strong immune system and protective functions human body. During the off-season and after illnesses, an important condition for the restoration of protective forces is the intake of vitamins and immunomodulators, as well as all kinds of traditional medicine. Therefore, at risk are most often children whose immune system is only at the stage of formation.