How to write a fairy tale: step-by-step instructions and useful tips. How to write a fairy tale about animals? Tales of own composition
The assignment to write a fairy tale, to be honest, puzzled us.
As Oleg says - well, we are not storytellers even once. Therefore, to begin with, we tried to recall our own experience of writing fairy tales. Sad details came to light: Y completely lacks them in view of a difficult childhood and physical and mathematical education, which in no way contributes to storytelling, O has some experience, but so far away that it is not considered.
Lyrical digression about the experience from O: “I tried to remember what kind of inventions and writing tricks (well, who was spared in my youth) - I had.
In fact, to invent for the first time, i.e. I began to compose, not write, fairy tales in my deep childhood. This happened because the ancient unit, extracting the lisping voice of Cheburashka for the six hundred and twenty-fifth time from the record, finally bent down safely, and for parents (oh, how I understand them now) - to read the child of a fairy tale in voice and from a book every day was, to put it mildly, strongly in scrap. And then my mother, trying to resolve the deadlock with putting me to bed, suggested - “And you lie down and invent a fairy tale for yourself. Well, for example, about birds .. ”I must say that I was an obedient child for the time being, and therefore I honestly began to invent a fairy tale. About a family of woodpeckers (Sash, nothing personal - it was just true about woodpeckers). For some reason, the whole plot of the fairy tale revolved around the hollow, its internal arrangement and its defense. For some reason, it’s very cozy in the dark under the covers to invent all sorts of details about home improvement. And somehow this case hooked me - I unwound this fairy tale for quite a long time at night.
Further writing experience was far from fairy tales, apart from once writing, at a quite conscious age, a heartbreaking fairy tale about an artist based on the hackneyed plot “You draw her, draw, and she, stsuko, then will make her legs,” which has been widely used in world literature since Hellas. True, on this my experience with inventing fairy tales safely ended, and another experience of inventing began - mostly tales, excuses, replies and other applied elegant lies, so necessary for us in adult life».
Thus, in view of the obvious lack of family experience in storytelling, we decided to turn to, decided to turn to the primary sources on how THIS should be done, and memories of our own experience, and rushed into the Internet.
We will not bore readers with the details of our literary research in search engines, to which we asked about how fairy tales are written. We only note that we received a lot of pleasure, laughed heartily, we recommend everyone at their leisure for long winter evenings. In addition to a bunch of rather monotonous information and funny quotes perhaps I liked the definition given by J. Tolkien in the article “Fairy Tales”: “In general, fairy tales in many respects (and the best of them - mostly) deal with simple facts and phenomena underlying everything, untouched by fantasy. But they, being placed in a fairy tale, begin to glow with an unexpectedly bright light, for the storyteller, who allows himself "liberties" with Nature, is rather her lover than a slave. It was thanks to fairy tales that I first guessed hidden power words and the miraculous nature of things: stone, wood, iron; trees and grass; smoke and fire; bread and wine.
And in the process we came across a very interesting work Gianni Rodari's "Grammar of Fantasy", which is an enlarged and easily written summary of all significant studies related to fairy tales. From his work, references were made to the works of the Soviet folklorist Vladimir Yakovlevich Propp, in particular, "The Morphology of Fairy Tales", which decomposes folk tales into "functions", which brought him worldwide fame. And they were stunned. "After analyzing the structure folk tale, and especially carefully - its Russian version (which is to a large extent part of the Indo-European heritage, to which German and Italian fairy tales),
V.Ya.Propp formulated the following three principles:
1) "The constant, stable elements of a fairy tale are the functions actors regardless of who and how they are performed.
2) "Number of functions known fairy tale, limited".
3) "The sequence of functions is always the same."
According to Propp's system, there are thirty-one of these functions, and if we take into account that they still vary and change inside, then there is enough material to give a description of the form of a fairy tale:
1) absence of one of the family members
2) prohibition addressed to the hero
3) violation of the ban
4) probing
5) issue
6) catch
7) involuntary aiding
8) wrecking (or shortage)
9) mediation
10) beginning opposition
11) the hero leaves the house
12) the giver tests the hero
13) the hero reacts to the actions of the future donor
14) receiving a magical remedy
15) the hero is transferred, delivered or brought to the location of the subject of the search
16) the hero and the antagonist enter the fight
17) the hero is being tagged
18) antagonist defeated
19) trouble or shortage is eliminated
20) return of the hero
21) the hero is persecuted
22) the hero flees from persecution
23) the hero arrives unrecognized at home or in another country
24) false hero makes unfounded claims
25) the hero is offered difficult task
26) problem solved
27) the hero is recognized
28) false hero or antagonist is exposed
29) the hero is given a new look
30) the enemy is punished
31) the hero gets married.
It is clear that the sequence of the above functions may be violated, some functions may fall out completely, but it is believed that using the Propp system, you can compose almost any narrative, story, script, fairy tale, and so on. All of the listed functions (decomposed into tablets) make up "Propp's maps", according to which both cubs in developing groups and philologists at universities are taught and developed. And the coolest thing, probably, is to come up with a plot, then mix the cards - and decompose the functions randomly - and come up with them again. Or choose a random five cards... In general, a kind of burim. Inspired by the titanic work that Propp did, laying out the components of the age-old folklore, inspired by the statement of D. Roddari: “We are interested in these functions because on their basis we can build an infinite number of stories, just as you can compose as many melodies as you like, having twelve notes ...” and also making sure that total absence experience in writing fairy tales, let's perhaps act as guinea pigs and try to tell our fairy tale about the journey using Propp's cards.
What happened? see here.
What to do if you so want to compose your own fairy tale, but the thought does not go? If the head is empty, as in an open field, and not even the smallest character wants to be seen? This has happened to me - more than once. Inspiration came and went in waves deep into my imaginary ocean. Today it rolled back again. One trouble with this imagination! But I always dreamed of writing my ideal fairy tale. I dreamed of writing. Oh, I'll have to get the magic box...
Digging through the magic box, I, to my joy, found the glorious five good advice who will help us write a masterpiece, and if not a masterpiece, then our own wonderful fairy tale.
It is clearly snoring somewhere at the bottom of the skull, and it just needs to be pushed aside. How is it done?- Well, first of all, the Imagination wakes up from the music. It is a well known fact that music affects our brain like nothing else. Choose the music you like and enjoy. And while enjoying, do not forget to compose. Imagine what you would do to this music if you were in a fairy tale. Imagination will not be slow to turn on.
- Secondly, our fastidious Imagination is very greedy for various interesting movies and paintings. Do not deny him this pleasure. Pamper him with multi-colored beads or weaving baubles. Gaze at the stained glass at sunset. A fairy tale is all around us.
- Third, nature. Believe me, nothing is more inspiring than outdoor recreation. And if not rest, then ... Try turning into some woods or a grove with chirping birds on the way from school, from university or from work. Stop for a moment in the midst of the eternal rush and look up at the sky. Learn to be surprised. We have this ability from birth, but for some reason it becomes dull with age. Rekindle your inner child. Marvel at the beauty of the world!
- Fourth, revitalize the inanimate around you. Let your indoor plant will speak and complain that you do not water it. Let the creaking door grumble, and the pencil suddenly rushes to draw masterpieces by itself, shouting that it has been dreaming of it since it was made at the factory. To write your own and only your own fairy tale, you need a lot of imagination - nothing less. So practice.
Open a dictionary and choose a dozen words at random. Rearrange them, tilt them. And write a little fairy tale with their help. Just do not forget to link the words in meaning. Take for example five nouns: football, sock, rocket, lazybones, and wood. And we went: “There lived a lazy person in the world. He was always throwing his socks around and could never get up on time. So he lay until dinner, like a piece of wood. One day he slept until evening. And only a mini-rocket woke him up, which his comrades threw out the window. A note was taped to the rocket: "Let's play football." The lazy man was delighted, jumped up - and let's get dressed. I put on shorts, put on a T-shirt, and socks? Under the battery - one yellow, behind the bed - green and red. The chandelier is blue. Can't pick a pair! The lazy man was upset: how to play football without socks?Good advice number 4.
Come up with a main character for your fairy tale.
And now it's time for the main character of the tale. Who is your hero? What qualities does it have? Is he an all-powerful sorcerer or a poor man who likes to get drunk? Is he flawless, or does he like to pick his nose on a Thursday after eight in the evening? Be sure to think of a goal for the hero. A hero without a goal is a pathetic rag. How will the character change during the story? What will he face, what difficulties will he have to overcome? And yet, a fairy tale needs a mystery. Let your hero be all mysterious. Readers love it. Well, of course, do not forget about the unexpected, colorful ending.
Every story has conflict. But how do you invent it? If the conflict is not brewing, it can be, hmm ... Push. For example, lives Main character quietly and peacefully in his wretched house (or crystal palace). Everyone is happy, everything is calm. And then suddenly - bam! The sky is falling. It literally collapses. The heavenly inhabitants are in a panic. Needless to say, the earth also got nuts. And suddenly for himself the Main Hero realizes that he must restore the balance in nature and return the sky to its place.So, the glorious five of Practical Councils came to an end. And I suddenly realized that saving the world (oh, that is, writing my own fairy tale) is quite within my power. And how are you? Feeling a surge of inspiration? If you still don't feel it, you can read
UNUSUAL HISTORY
Yarochka Ozernaya, 6 years old
Once in the spring, in the early morning, when the sun had just woken up, my grandfather Vanya had a amazing story. It was like that.
Grandfather Vanya went to the forest to pick mushrooms.
He walks slowly, purring a song under his breath, looking for mushrooms under the Christmas trees with a stick. Suddenly he sees - a hedgehog sits on a stump and cries bitterly. The hedgehog's leg was broken and hurt. Grandfather took pity on the hedgehog, wrapped his leg, treated him to a sweet candy. Grandfather loved lollipops very much, because he had no teeth and he could not chew real sweets. The hedgehog really liked grandfather's lollipops. He thanked him and ran to his children.
But a few days later, the hedgehog with his sons brought many, many mushrooms to grandfather on his back and asked to live with his grandfather under the house with his whole family. They all ate sugar mushrooms together and sucked on delicious candies.
QUESTIONS AND TASKS
If you had a hedgehog at home, what would you feed him?
Why did the hedgehog want to live with his grandfather?
Have you ever seen a hedgehog? What is the nature of this forest animal?
What forest gifts can you make sweets from? Come up with some forest candy recipes and draw them.
o All children are little hedgehogs. Each hedgehog must tell how and how he will help grandfather.
FAIRY GLADE
Lilya Pomytkina, 7 years old, Kiev
There were little fairies in the flowery meadow. They lived together and loved to help people, especially children.
One day a little girl came to the flower field. She wept bitterly because her finger was cut. She didn't notice anything but the pain. Then the fairies surrounded her in a dense ring and waved their wings in unison. The girl felt relieved and stopped crying. The fairies asked the sun's rays to quickly dry the girl's tears, and she began to listen to everything around. She heard flowers smell, insects buzz, and birds sing. And the fairies whispered to her that the world around was beautiful, that the wound on the finger would soon heal, and you should not be very upset.
One little fairy brought a tiny plantain leaf and put it on the wound. Another asked ladybug play with the girl in the game "Rain or bucket". And the third - called the breeze to smooth the girl's disheveled hair.
And the girl felt so good that she began to smile and play with the fairies. After that, the girl always came to the clearing of the fairies if she felt bad.
When she grew up, she did not forget the clearing with fairies and in Hard time always called the little fairies for help.
QUESTIONS AND TASKS
How would you help the girl if you were the fairies?
Give the children name cards. different qualities. Children have to think of how the fairies taught someone this or that quality.
Remember some difficult situation from your life and think about how different heroes of a fairy tale could help you in this situation, for example: fairies, a breeze, sunlight, etc.
Imagine that good fairies invited you to the festival of forest fairies. Draw this holiday and tell about it.
B ASHMACHKI
Makarova Olya, 8 years old
Once upon a time there was a boy Kolya. He had new shoes. But his shoes lived very badly. Kolya did not take care of them: he did not wash, did not clean and threw them anywhere. The shoes did not know what to do. Then they decided to take Kolya to a shoe factory so that he could see how much work needed to be done in order to sew such wonderful shoes. The next day, the shoes took Kolya to the factory to see how shoes appear from a piece of leather. The factory was huge, and Kolya was surprised at how many craftsmen and machines it takes to sew shoes. Then an important woman approached them. She said hello and asked the shoes how they were doing and whether Kolya was taking care of them. The shoes sighed sadly, but said nothing. They didn't want to complain about their master. Kolya felt very ashamed, and he said thank you important woman for her work.
Since then, Kolya has always taken care of his shoes, because he saw how much work it takes to sew such shoes.
QUESTIONS AND TASKS
How will Kolya take care of his shoes after this incident?
Tell us how you take care of your shoes.
What qualities should the owner have in order for his shoes to enjoy life?
Talk to your favorite shoe and then tell everyone what it told you about.
How can shoes thank a person for his care? Think up and draw a fairy tale about how your shoes took care of you.
Discuss with the children how to care for shoes in different time year and in different weather.
P AUCHOC
Vnuchkova Dana, 8 years old
There lived a little spider. He was all alone and was very sad that he had no friends. One day he decided to go and find some friends. It was spring, the sun was warming, and dew shone on the grass. Two moths were flying over the green meadow. One is white and the other is red. They saw a little spider, and the white moth asked him:
- Why are you so sad?
Because I have no friends, - the spider replied.
But moths are not friends with spiders, because spiders cannot fly, said the white moth.
And the red moth said:
- Let's be friends with you, I'll teach you to fly.
The spider was very happy and agreed. Since then, they became friends and flew over the meadow together. A moth on wings, and a spider on hot-air balloon from cobwebs.
QUESTIONS AND TASKS
Imagine that in a web balloon you and a spider are traveling above the earth. Draw your journey and tell about it.
Tell us about a friend of yours who taught you something.
What can a spider teach moths?
Give the children cards with drawings of different insects. Each, on behalf of his insect, must tell what he can teach any other insect. For example: what can an ant teach earthworm, butterfly - ant, etc. Then the children draw how different insects taught each other.
Divide the children into groups of three. One child in the group is a spider, the other two are moths. Children should come up with small dramatizations about the friendship of a moth and spiders.
GOLD DROPS
Yana Dankova, 8 years old
It was a sunny day. The sun shone brightly brightly. There were dew drops on the bush, like gold. Then I went to the bush and wanted to take them. As soon as I touched it, everything disappeared. And I was very sad, but the sun saw that I was crying and whispered to me: "Don't cry. Everything will be fine, just don't cry." When I heard these words, I was so happy that I wanted to jump and sing songs. And suddenly I saw the same drops of dew on the bush. I went to the bush, sat down on a pebble and looked at the golden drops.
QUESTIONS AND TASKS
How would you calm a girl in the place of the sun?
Has the sun ever soothed you? Tell and draw how the sun helped you in different situations.
Imagine that the sun gave the girl magic dew drops. Each drop could grant her one wish. Draw the fulfilled desires of the girl. According to each other's drawings, the children tell what desires and how they fulfilled the droplets.
WILLOW AND ITS LEAVES
Sasha Timchenko, 8 years old
I was walking through the park and saw a flock of leaves. They fell to the ground. Verba began to feel sad. And the leaves that fell from it also saddened. But when they fell to the ground, they wrote a sentence: "Dear willow, you loved us, and we love you too."
QUESTIONS AND TASKS
Give the children cards with drawings of leaves from different trees and ask them to thank the tree on behalf of these leaves for taking care of them.
You can give the children cards with drawings of different trees and ask them to say goodbye to their leaves on behalf of these trees.
Think up and draw a fairy tale about how a flock of leaves decided to travel to the southern countries together with migratory birds.
TALE OF FLOWERS
Naumenko Regina, 9 years old
Once upon a time there was a girl named Nadezhda. Hope was as beautiful as a rose. Her face was white, with rosy cheeks, and her eyes were emerald green. But her character was very prickly. She often pricked people with her taunts like thorns. Once Nadezhda fell in love with a very handsome young man. She never pricked him and spoke to him affectionately. But it so happened that her beloved young man forgot about her and did not want to come to her anymore. Nadezhda was very sad, but did not want to say anything bad about the young man. Girlfriends persuaded Nadezhda to inject the young man. They spoke:
- Since he forgot you, prick him with your thorns.
I love him and don't want to harm him, - answered Nadezhda.
But Nadezhda could not live without her beloved. Then she pricked herself, her red blood spilled, and Hope turned into a wonderful red rose.
QUESTIONS AND TASKS
The children are given picture cards. different colors. Each child in turn names any one quality with which he associates this flower. Then the children draw a magical bouquet of those flowers that will teach a person one or another quality.
Draw roses of Faith, Love, Happiness, Joy, Peace, etc., and talk about how these roses have helped people.
What do you think, if Nadezhda's beloved had not left her, would her character have changed?
Draw Nadezhda and her beloved in the form of certain flowers.
GOOD HEART
Perky Mariyka, 9 years old
There lived a pretty little girl in the world. She was very beautiful, with white hair, blue eyes and a kind tender heart. One day, mom went to work, and took her daughter to a neighbor to look after her.
The neighbor was a single woman with no children. She treated the girl to cookies and went for a walk with her. The neighbor held the girl by the hand and bragged to all passers-by about what she had. beautiful daughter. The girl never deceived anyone and did not like it when others deceive. She realized that their neighbor would very much like to have a daughter. And after the walk, when my mother came home, the girl told her everything.
Mom thought for a long time and came up with. She baked a huge tasty pie and invited a neighbor. A neighbor came and was very happy with the cake and such nice people. They sat and talked for a long time, drank tea, ate cake. And when the neighbor decided to leave, the girl gave her a fluffy white puppy. The puppy squeaked and licked his new mistress right in the nose. The neighbor burst into tears of happiness. And since then they have always walked together - a neighbor with her puppy and a girl with her mother.
QUESTIONS AND TASKS
Come up with a recipe for a pie that a mother and her daughter baked and draw it.
Who was the girl's mother? What would you do in her place, after the girl would tell you about the neighbor's deceit?
Come up with some fun game, which was played in the park by a mother and daughter, a neighbor and a puppy.
draw kind hearts the girl's mother and her daughter.
GRANDMA'S DUBOCHEK
Misha Kozhan, 8 years old
lived in big city grandmother. She loved nature so much that she planted oak trees under her window. He was so small that he could not bear the weight of a titmouse if she sat on his twig. Grandmother took care of her oak tree and greeted him every morning, looking out of the window. And my grandmother had a little grandson who often came to visit her. Together they went to their oak tree and looked after it. Then they sat side by side, and the grandmother read fairy tales to her grandson. Every summer they took pictures at the oak tree, and then rejoiced, watching how the baby and the tree grow. The oak tree had many new branches, and it no longer bent under the weight of the birds.
Oak was always looking forward to when the grandson would come to visit his grandmother. He was very fond of listening to his grandmother's tales with him and then retold them to his friends: the birds, the sun, the wind and the rain. Once the grandson came to his grandmother, but they did not come out to the oak tree and did not even greet him. Oak tree waited and waited, but did not wait. Then he asked the sparrow to look out the window and find out what was the matter. Sparrow flew in upset and said that his friend was in bed, he had a high temperature, and his throat hurt. Oak was very alarmed and called all his friends for help.
The raindrops gave the boy a drink of living spring water, the sun's rays warmed his neck, the breeze cooled his hot forehead, and the birds sang such a wonderful song that he immediately became cheerful. And the disease receded.
Thank you, oak tree, for your help, the boy said to his friend the next day.
Soon the boy went to school. Both of them grew and became prettier to the delight of their grandmother. The boy listened to fairy tales and thought that when they both grow up and become big, he will come to the oak already with his children and will also read fairy tales to them under the wide dense foliage of the oak. That thought made my heart warm and calm.
QUESTIONS AND TASKS
Think up and draw a fairy tale that the grandmother told her grandson and the oak tree.
Draw a tree that you are friends with or would like to be friends with and tell us about it.
Divide the children into groups and ask them to come up with and draw different situations when the oak tree and the boy will come to each other's aid.
Give the children cards with drawings of different inhabitants of the earth - trees, flowers, animals, birds, etc. Children should, on behalf of those who got them on the cards, tell how and how they would help the boy to recover.
SNOWFLAKES UNDER CHERRY
Nastya Zaitseva, 8 years old
The enchanted garden slumbers in winter silence. Snowflakes-fluffs sleep peacefully under the spreading branches of cherries. Snowflakes had an interesting dream. As if they are circling around the cherry, and the cherry says to them: “What fun you are, my beloved children,” and then strokes them and hugs them. The fluffy snowflakes felt the gentle warmth and woke up in an instant. They were sad because they were not children of cherries, but cherries comfort them: "Don't be sad. As soon as the sun warms, you will become droplets and merrily slide down to my roots."
That's how it all happened. The souls of snowflakes fell in love with their kind comforter. In the spring, they rolled down to her roots and became her real children: some are a leaf, some are a flower and a cherry. The dream of snowflakes came true.
GREEN CHERRY
Nastya Zaitseva, 8 years old
All cherries were ripe, only one berry remained green and small. She saw a beautiful, red berry next to her and said to her:
- Let's be friends.
The red cherry looked at her and replied:
- I don't want to be friends with you. I'm so beautiful and red, and you are green.
The green cherry saw a large cherry and said to her:
- Let's be friends.
I won’t be friends with you, you are small, and I am big, - answered the large cherry.
The little cherry wanted to make friends with the ripe berry, but she didn’t want to be friends with her either. So there was a little cherry without friends.
Once all the cherries were harvested from the tree, only the green one remained. Time passed and she matured. There was not a single berry on any tree, and when the children found a cherry, they were very happy. They divided it up and ate it. And this cherry was the most delicious.
THE BIRTH OF A SNOWFLAKER
Nastya Zaitseva, 8 years old
Winter lived. On New Year's Eve, her daughter was born. Winter didn't know what to call it. She told everyone about the birth of a winter baby and asked what name to give her, but no one could come up with a name.
Winter was sad and went to Santa Claus to ask for help. And he replies: "I can't help it. I don't have time, I'm getting ready for the New Year."
Meanwhile, the daughter ran to her mother Zima and said:
- The wind is very kind. He helps everyone. I told him that I wanted to learn how to dance and he taught me. Here, look, - and she began to dance.
Daughter, you dance very beautifully, - Zima praised her daughter.
Mom, why are you so sad? Probably tired, preparing for the New Year?
No, I just have a lot to do, - my mother answered, - and you run and play.
Winter told him about everything, and suggested that the Wind fly to her to ask Snow what to name her daughter.
They flew to the Snow, and Winter says:
- Snow-brother, you probably know that my daughter was born?
I know, because I do not appear on earth on my own, but thanks to your daughter. She helps me.
Help me think of a name for my daughter, - asked Zima.
I know what name to give her - Snowflake. From my name - Snow.
That's what they called the daughter of Winter Snowflake. And they all together cheerfully met the New Year.
QUESTIONS AND TASKS
Come up with your own proper names for different seasons and explain why you named them that.
What would you name a snowflake if you didn't know its name?
What other children does Zima's mother have, and what are their names? (A snowstorm, an ice floe, hoarfrost, a snow maiden, etc.) Draw winter gifts that different children of Winter will prepare for people. According to each other's drawings, children guess which children of winter gave people certain gifts.
What things should Mommy Winter do for the New Year? Draw the most important winter things to do.
Artist: Tatiana Deriy
However, it often happens that prose is declared as a fairy tale, but you start reading and think “where is the fairy tale here”?
Fairy tale features:
The tale is more often written in prose, but it can also be in verse;
- She talks about magical events;
- Gives a general picture of the real world;
- In it, good triumphs over evil;
- The hero goes through a series of trials, from which, after experiencing difficulties, he emerges victorious;
- The fairy tale expresses people's dreams of a better life;
- The fairy tale loves bright artistic techniques;
- In it, we feel the presence of the author-narrator, giving an assessment of events and heroes;
- A fairy tale often has a special beginning and ending.
Artist: Donald Zolan
A fairy tale is a work, first of all, for children. This means that it should be easy, naive, good should be good, and evil should be evil. There should be no ambiguity, figurative meaning, any philosophical burdens and psychological stress.
Absolutely anyone can be the hero of a fairy tale: flowers, cats, dogs, etc. Of course, it is difficult to surprise modern children who are accustomed to Shreks. But here the main thing is not to surprise, but to describe the hero beautifully and interestingly - to give him human features. Many animals are associated with certain human qualities: wisdom - an owl, stupidity - a donkey, cunning - a fox, etc. Of course, animals can be endowed with human speech. The language of the fairy tale should be easy, but not primitive. The child, after all, should expand his horizons.
Artist: Donald Zolan
In a fairy tale, you can talk about the transformations of heroes, the resurrection from the dead, invent images of fantastic creatures, or use images famous heroes from myths, legends, beliefs and beliefs.
Artist: Donald Zolan
Take, for example, modern films. They are literally teeming with various monsters, aliens, strangers, predators, cyborgs, zombies, ghosts. They look disgusting, and their actions are terrible.
And why not assume that scary aliens can be funny? For example, the fairy tale "Cream Men".
“One morning, the inhabitants of the Earth woke up because the sun had disappeared. Moms and dads have to get ready for work, the kids have to go to school, and it's still dark outside.
It turned out that alien spaceships hovered over all the cities of the planet and prepared for an attack.
Aliens attacked Moscow first. Countless alien ships have landed in the city. And people behaved strangely - they smiled at once, some even grabbed their stomachs from laughter and began to roll on the ground.
Surprised, the invaders fired their cannons. The laughter intensified. Then the aliens, in order to catch up with fear, climbed out of the hatches.
It would be better if they didn't. They looked like soft buns, and their ships looked suspiciously like large pancakes. Flying only. One kid could not resist, came closer, tried the alien ship on the tooth ... And ate a big piece.
The aliens hid in horror. They probably thought it was their turn. And they thought right. The earthlings nibbled on the flying space pancakes. We also tried cannons, it turned out - waffle ones, they shoot ice cream balls.
Disappointed by the wrong meeting, the aliens with difficulty, on leaky ships, fled home. And looked back all the way. Suddenly, earthlings will find out the way to the Cream planet, where the cream men live! What will happen then?!”
Of course, inanimate objects can also act as fairy-tale characters - everything that surrounds us. A snowman is not a hero for a fairy tale.
Surely everyone in childhood had not only favorite toys, but also things. If you wanted to eat, then it was with this spoon and only from this plate with balls. Others are not as tasty. A mug only with strawberries. So the heroes of fairy tales have favorite things. There is no need to write a lot about them, but the child will be interested if he recognizes some of his own thing in a fairy tale.
Artist: Donald Zolan
Now for the classic folk tale.
Composing such a fairy tale is not as easy as it seems at first glance. If we take up writing without thinking, then the fairy tale will either turn out to be too simple, uninteresting and, most likely, short, or it will stretch into an endless sluggish saga about the hero's adventures. What can help us in this matter? Turns out, classic fairy tale consists of quite definite parts-elements and has its own laws. If we know them, we will be able to compose original, fascinating and very interesting author's "magic" stories.
Artist: Donald Zolan
Acting according to these laws does not mean writing in a stamped fashion, as many might think. It's like in an art school: to learn how to draw, you need to know the proportions, chiaroscuro, etc. But everyone, knowing the basic rules, must create something unique. So it is here: whoever takes advantage of these rules, then he will succeed.
Artist: Mark Keathley
So, the scheme of the classic folk tale:
1. Absence of any of the family members.
The usual forms of absence: to work, to the forest, to trade, to go to war, "on business".
Parents leave for work. "The prince had to go on a long journey." "He (the merchant) is leaving somehow for foreign countries." An intensified form of absenteeism is the death of the parents.
Sometimes the faces disappear younger generation. They go or go to visit, to fish, to walk, to pick berries.
2. Prohibition addressed to the hero.
"Do not look into this closet." "Take care of your brother, don't go out of the yard." "If the yaga-baba comes, you don't say anything, be silent." "The prince persuaded her a lot, commanded her not to leave the high tower," etc.
3. Violation of the prohibition.
4. Finding out.
A new person now enters the tale, which can be called the hero's antagonist (the pest). His role is to disturb the peace of a happy family, cause some kind of trouble, cause harm, damage. The enemy of the hero can be a snake, and a devil, and robbers, and a witch, and a stepmother, etc. Finding out is aimed at finding out the whereabouts of children, sometimes precious objects, etc. "Who will tell me about the royal children, where did they go?" "Where do you get these semi-precious stones?"
5. Issuance.
The antagonist receives a direct answer to his question.
6. Trick.
An antagonist or pest takes on someone else's appearance. The serpent turns into a golden goat, a beautiful young man. The witch pretends to be a "hearty old woman", imitates her mother's voice. The thief pretends to be a beggar.
Then comes the function itself. The witch offers to accept the ring, the godfather offers to take a steam bath, the witch offers to take off her dress, swim in the pond. The stepmother gives her stepson poisoned cakes. She sticks a magic pin into his clothes.
7. Involuntary complicity.
The hero agrees to all the persuasions of the antagonist, i.e. takes a ring, goes to bathe, swim, etc. It can be seen that prohibitions are always violated, deceitful offers, on the contrary, are always accepted and carried out.
8. Wrecking (or shortage).
This function is extremely important, since it, in fact, creates the movement of a fairy tale.
An antagonist kidnaps a person. He steals or takes away the magical remedy. He plunders or spoils the crops. Inflicts physical damage. It causes a sudden disappearance, banishes someone, orders someone to be thrown into the sea, casts a spell on someone or something. etc. and so on. It should be noted here that the pest often causes two or three harms at once.
9. Mediation.
Trouble or shortage is reported, the hero is addressed with a request or order, sent away or released.
10. Beginning opposition.
The hero agrees or decides to resist. "Let us find your princesses."
11. The hero leaves the house.
The dispatches of heroes-seekers and heroes-victims are different. The first are aimed at searching, the second open the beginning of that path without searching, on which various adventures await the hero. The following must be borne in mind: if a girl is kidnapped and a seeker follows her, then the house is left by two persons. But the path followed by the story, the path on which the action is built, is the path of the seeker. If, for example, a girl is expelled and there is no seeker, then the narrative follows the departure and adventures of the injured hero.
12. The giver tests the hero.
The hero meets a magical giver. The hero is tested, interrogated, attacked, etc., which prepares for him to receive a magical agent or helper. Yaga gives the girl homework. Forest heroes offer the hero to serve for three years. The dying or deceased asks for a favor. The hero is asked for mercy, etc.
13. The hero reacts to the actions of the future donor.
The hero passes (fails) the test. The hero answers (does not answer) the greeting. He renders (does not render) a service to the deceased. He releases the prisoner. He spares the one who asks, etc.
14. Getting a magical remedy.
The following can serve as magical means: 1) animals (horse, eagle, etc.); 2) objects from which magical helpers are (a flint and a horse, a ring with fellows); 3) objects that have a magical property, such as clubs, swords, harp, balls, and many others; 4) qualities bestowed directly, such as strength, the ability to turn into animals, etc.
15. The hero is transferred, delivered or brought to the location of the subject of the search.
He flies through the air. On a horse, on a bird, in the form of a bird, on a flying ship, on a magic carpet, on the back of a giant or a spirit, in a devil's carriage, etc. Flying on a bird is sometimes accompanied by a detail: you need to feed it along the way, the hero takes a bull with him, etc. He rides on land or water. Riding a horse or a wolf. On the ship. The armless one carries the legless one. The cat swims across the river on the back of the dog. The ball points the way. The fox leads the hero to the princess, and so on.
16. The hero and the antagonist enter the fight.
They fight in the open field. This primarily includes a fight with a snake or with Miracle Yuda, etc., as well as a fight with an enemy army, with a hero, etc. They enter the competition. The hero with the help of cunning wins. The gypsy puts the Serpent to flight, squeezing out a piece of cottage cheese instead of a stone, passing off a club blow on the back of the head for a whistle, etc.
17. The hero is being targeted.
The hero gets injured during the battle. The princess wakes him up before the fight, inflicting a wound on his cheek with a knife. The princess marks the hero with a ring on the forehead. She kisses him, causing a star to light up on his forehead. The hero receives a ring or a towel. We have a combination of two forms in the event that the hero is wounded in battle and the wound is bandaged with a handkerchief of the princess or king.
18. Antagonist defeated.
He is defeated in open combat. He wins in a contest. He loses at cards. He is killed without a preliminary fight (the Snake is killed sleeping). He is directly expelled, and so on.
19. Trouble or shortage is eliminated.
This function forms a pair with sabotage. With this function, the story reaches its apex.
20. The return of the hero.
21. The hero is persecuted.
The pursuer flies after the hero. The snake catches up with Ivan, the witch flies after the boy, the geese fly after the girl. He pursues the hero, quickly turning into various animals, etc. The sorcerer pursues the hero in the form of a wolf, a pike, a man, a rooster. Pursuers (Snake Wives, etc.) turn into tempting objects and get in the way of the hero.
22. The hero flees from persecution.
The hero runs, during the flight he puts obstacles for the pursuer. He throws a brush, a comb, a towel. They turn into mountains, forests, lakes. The hero during the flight turns into objects that make him unrecognizable. The princess turns herself and the prince into a well and a ladle, into a church and a priest. The hero hides during the flight. A river, an apple tree, a stove hide a girl.
On salvation from persecution, many fairy tales end. The hero arrives home, then, if a girl has been obtained, he marries. But this does not always happen. The tale forces the hero to endure a new misfortune. In a word, the outset sabotage is repeated, sometimes in the same forms as at the beginning, sometimes in others. This starts a new story. specific shapes there is no repeated wrecking; we again have abduction, bewitchment, murder, and so on. But there are specific pests for this new scourge. From this moment the development is different than at the beginning. This phenomenon means that many fairy tales consist of two sets of functions that can be called moves. A new misfortune creates a new move, and in this way a whole series of fairy tales is sometimes combined into one story. However, the development that will be outlined below, although it creates a new move, is a continuation of this tale.
23. The hero arrives unrecognized at home or in another country.
24. The false hero makes unfounded claims.
25. The hero is offered a difficult task.
26. The problem is solved.
27. The hero will be recognized.
28. The false hero or antagonist is exposed.
29. The hero is given a new look.
30. The enemy is punished.
31. The hero gets married.
Of course, not all fairy tales have all functions; the strict sequence of functions may be violated, jumps, additions, synthesis are possible, but this does not contradict the main move. A fairy tale can begin with the first function, with the seventh or with the twelfth.
Artist: Steve Hanks
This concludes our observations on the "functions". We will only advise - to those who have a desire - to exercise, compare the above list with the plot of any adventure film; it is amazing how many coincidences will be found and how almost exactly the same order will be observed: this is what the tradition of the fairy tale means, how imperishable it is, how it lives forever in our culture. The same line is followed by many adventure books.
We are interested in these functions because on their basis we can build an infinite number of stories, just as you can compose as many melodies as you like, having available notes.
Artist: Tatiana Deriy
Don't be afraid to use existing fairy tales, and here, too, there are tricks:
1. "Change" old fairy tale(for example, Little Red Riding Hood calls the police for help and chases the Wolf on a motorcycle; Cinderella goes to the royal ball, but comes to another kingdom).
2. Fairy tales "inside out" (for example, the Boy-with-Thumb does not run away from the Ogre, but becomes his friend, teaches him to eat porridge; Snow White met not seven dwarfs, but seven giants).
3. Continuation of the old fairy tale: what happened next?
4. A mixture of fairy tales (for example, Pinocchio helps Cinderella with the housework and goes to the ball with her; Sleeping Beauty is warned about the machinations of the evil witch Thumbelina).
5. Transferring the heroes and the plot of the old fairy tale to another time and another place (for example, Hans the Pied Piper with his magic pipe, the sounds of which fascinate rats, also “hypnotizes” all cars in a modern city and takes them into the dungeon with him).
Artist: Tatiana Deriy
And this, of course, is not all that you can think of. You have a head on your shoulders and the world around, the main thing is to be able to see the amazing and compose your own unique fairy tale.
Artist: Tatiana Deriy
And the last. All these tips are not the only true ones and are intended only to help you write a fairy tale. They are based on my personal experience(a bunch of tribes who really like my fairy tales), partial memories from their own childhood (still so vivid, oddly enough) and site materials:
http://www.kab307.ucoz.ru
http://lana-1909.livejournal.com
5 useful tips how to make up your own story
So, tip number 1. Wake up your imagination.
Imagination, like talent, lies dormant in each of us. True, for some it is dormant, while for others it sleeps soundly. But we'll fix it. The main thing is to believe in your creative vein and push it a little, and then, if you wish, it will slowly move along the rails of fabulous ideas, gradually accelerating its course.
Imagination is the ability to see the unusual in the ordinary, the creation of images and plots, the revival of the inanimate and unreal. Imagination works on a certain raw material, during the processing of which a fairy tale is born. The raw material for the imagination can be found everywhere. It can be life situations(failures and problems, successes and achievements). The source of inspiration can serve as paintings by artists, classical and contemporary music, images from the world of cinema and actually already known fairy tales. Solitude with nature can awaken ideas even in the head that is “tired” of worldly worries.
Communication with a child can help stir up the imagination. Leading questions, the kid himself will answer what and how should happen in a fairy tale. Writing a fairy tale with children is fun and educational. After all, they have the most interesting and lively imagination!
Unleash your imagination and revive the inanimate. Let the door speak, the bed begin to play before going to bed, or the road run away from under the feet ...
Dream about yourself, depicting a dream in the form of a fairy tale. But! Attention! This method is able to bring the MIRACLE from unreality to reality and fulfill your dream. So be positive!
You can also awaken inspiration through meditation. Meditation is the relaxation of the body in order to "release" and control one's thoughts and emotions. During and after meditations, kind and gentle stories are born.
A magic mantra for inspiration will help you feel the state of flying and soaring. Fill your soul with energy, strength and inspiration
The protagonist of the tale is the pivot around which events and miracles revolve. The main character can be your child, or a boy or girl, whose behavior is very reminiscent of your baby. The main character can be a favorite toy, a cartoon character, an animal or a bird, a car, an ordinary bump, dishes, a table, a computer, a telephone. Anything!
Tip number 3 Sketch a plan for a future fairy tale
That is, prepare in advance. Think about what or who your story will be about. What exactly do you want to convey to the listener. Write a plan. The plan should include:
Beginning of the story (where? Who? When?) Incident (what happened? conflict, problem) Overcoming difficulties (solving riddles, looking for a way out of the situation) Outcome (return or other end of the fairy tale)Of course, this is a very, very rough plan. Well, here's an example plan for everyone famous fairy tale"Kolobok":
Grandma and Grandpa's house. The grandfather asks the grandmother to bake a gingerbread man. The baked gingerbread man comes to life and runs away. The gingerbread man successfully escapes from danger in the form of a hare, a wolf and a bear.A very interesting and easy planning of a fairy tale can be embodied in the creation of a crumb fairy tale. The fairy tale is a baby, it is a very small fairy tale, a couple of paragraphs long. A fairy tale-baby is invented literally on the go. For example: a fairy tale-baby about a balloon.
There lived a ball. For a very long time, he lay small and deflated in a large box with other similar balloons, dreaming one day of seeing bright sunlight. And then one day, he was in the hands of a man. The man began to inflate him. The ball began to grow, to become more and more. He was no longer wrinkled and ugly. Now it was a big red balloon, ready to fly into the sky. But the man gave it little child. And the kid held the ball tightly in his hand.
He liked the ball so much that he really did not want to play with the child. And he kept trying to escape. And then a breeze blew, and the ball, taking advantage of the opportunity, twitched and escaped from the small palms. The balloon took off into the sky. And flew higher and higher. He was so happy about his freedom that he began to laugh out loud. So much so that he could not stop until he burst and fell back to the ground
