Pseudonyms of famous writers, which many consider their real names and surnames. Known aliases
We know some writers and poets under an assumed name and surname. Many of them take pseudonyms so that they are not compared with namesakes or well-known relatives in order to simplify their compound name or make it more euphonious and effective.
10. Anna Akhmatova (Anna Andreevna Gorenko)
Anna Gorenko's father was Andrey Gorenko, a hereditary nobleman who once worked as a fleet mechanical engineer.
She wrote her first poems after a serious illness, she was then only 11 years old. For several days the girl was delirious, her relatives no longer hoped for her recovery. But when she woke up and regained her strength, she was able to pick up her first rhymes.
She read the poems of French poets and tried to compose poetry herself. But the father did not really like his daughter's hobby. He not only was not interested in her poems, but also spoke dismissively of them.
Realizing that Anna nevertheless decided to become a poetess, he forbade her to sign her real name, because. was sure that she would dishonor his name. Anna did not argue with him. She decided to choose a pseudonym for herself. Upon learning that my maternal grandmother had sonorous surname"Akhmatova", she took it.
So the famous Russian poetess chose a Tatar surname for herself, which allegedly went to her ancestors, because. they were from the clan of the Tatar Khan Akhmat.
9. Ilya Ilf (Ilya Arnoldovich Fainzilberg)
The famous author of "12 Chairs" took his pseudonym to make it easier to sign his work.
His daughter said that his real name, Fainzilberg, was too long for a newspaper article. And, in order to shorten it, he often signed "Ilya F" or "IF", and gradually his pseudonym "Ilf" turned out on its own.
But there is another version. At birth, he was Yehiel-Leib Arevich Fainzilberg, was born into a Jewish family. And his pseudonym is an abbreviation in accordance with the tradition of Jewish nominal abbreviations.
He sometimes signed by other names. So, acting as literary critic, Ilya called himself Anton Extreme.
8. Evgeny Petrov (Evgeny Petrovich Kataev)
The elder brother of Evgeny Kataev was Valentin Kataev. He was a famous writer, founder and editor of the Youth magazine.
Not wanting to use the fame and popularity of his brother, Eugene took a pseudonym. He became Petrov, slightly altering the name of his father, Pyotr Vasilyevich Kataev.
7. Arkady Gaidar (Golikov Arkady Petrovich)
The writer himself never told why he decided to become Gaidar. When asked about it, he usually joked, never explaining anything.
There were several versions of the origin of his name. The most popular was the version of the writer B. Emelyanov. He was sure that the pseudonym came from the Mongolian word "gaidar", which meant a rider galloping in front.
There is another version. A school friend of the writer A.M. Goldin is sure that the pseudonym is an encrypted message. Since childhood, he was a great inventor, he loved to invent his own ciphers. “Gaidar” is deciphered as follows: “G” is the first letter of his last name Golikov, “ay” is the first and last letters of the name Arkady, “d” is from the French “de”, which means “from”, and “ar” is its first letters hometown. It turns out "Golikov Arkady from Arzamas."
6. Boris Akunin (Grigory Chkhartishvili)
The writer publishes critical and documentary works under his own name. He became Boris Akunin in 1998, after he began to write fiction.
At first, no one knew what the letter "B" before his new surname. A little later, in an interview, he said that this is the first letter of his name - Boris.
There are several suggestions as to why he took this pseudonym. "Akunin" can be translated from Japanese as "a supporter of evil or a villain." Someone thinks this alias is related to the name famous anarchist Mikhail Bakunin.
The writer himself explains that his novels are not like his other activities. Akunin's thought does not work in the same way as Chkhartishvili, who writes articles. They are absolutely two different person, Akunin is an idealist, kind, and believes in God. In addition, you should not write detective stories with such an unpronounceable surname.
5. O. Henry (William Sydney Porter)
Once he was accused of embezzlement and was in a hard labor prison. He had an education as a pharmacist, so William was allowed to work in the infirmary as a night apothecary.
At night, sitting on duty, he composed his stories. Some of them got free. But the writer did not want readers to know about his hard labor past. He was always ashamed of him and afraid of exposure. Therefore, it was published only under a pseudonym.
It is believed that he became O. Henry, remaking the name of the pharmacist Etienne Ocean Henri. He was the author of the reference book, which was also used in the prison pharmacy.
William himself assured that he chose the initial "O" only because it is the simplest letter and it stands for Oliver. And the name "Henry" he took from the newspaper.
4. Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson)
The writer was a famous English mathematician, graduated with honors from Oxford. In order to become a professor and give lectures, according to the charter, he had to take the clergy, which he did when he became a deacon.
After that, it was dangerous for him to sign humorous stories with your own name, because both the church and colleagues could react painfully to his work. In addition, he did not like his own name, it seemed to him boring and dissonant.
Dodgson had a double name, in honor of his father and mother. He translated both parts into Latin, it turned out "Carolus Ludovicus". After that, I swapped them and again transferred them to English language. This is how his pseudonym Lewis Carroll came about. But he always signed his mathematical works with his real name.
3. Mark Twain (Samuel Langhorne Clemens)
Once an aspiring writer worked as a sailor on the Mississippi River. The safe depth through which the steamer could pass was considered a mark of 2 phantoms or 3.6 m. In the slang of sailors, this depth was called "twins". Boatmen measured it with a special stick, and if everything was in order, they shouted “by mark twain”. This combination of words was to the liking of the writer.
2. Daniil Kharms (Daniil Ivanovich Yuvachev)
The writer came up with this pseudonym while still a schoolboy, signing his notebooks with this surname. He later made it his official name.
It is still unknown why he chose such a surname for himself, there are many versions of its origin. But the most common - Harms sounds almost like Holmes, and this was Harms' favorite character. From him, he adopted the style of dressing and often posed with a pipe in the pictures.
1. Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky (Nikolai Vasilyevich Korneichukov)
The writer was illegitimate. His father was Emmanuil Levenson, and his mother was the peasant Ekaterina Korneichuk, who was his maid. Therefore, the boy did not have a patronymic.
After he became a writer, he used a pseudonym - Korney Chukovsky, adding a fictitious middle name to it. And after the revolution, the pseudonym became his name.
Behind big names known to us personalities may be hiding less well-known, not always easily remembered and beautiful names and last names. Someone has to take a pseudonym solely for security reasons, someone believes that fame can only be achieved with a short or original pseudonym, and some change their last name or first name just like that, in the hope that this will change their life. Literary pseudonyms are popular with many authors, both domestic and foreign. Moreover, not only writers starting their careers, but also recognized writers, such as JK Rowling and the “great and terrible” Stephen King himself, hide behind fictitious surnames.
Comedians have always tried to sign in such a way as to achieve comic effect. This was the main purpose of their pseudonyms; the desire to hide one's name faded into the background here. Therefore, such pseudonyms can be distinguished into a special group and given the name payzonyms (from the Greek paizein - to joke).
The tradition of funny pseudonyms in Russian literature dates back to the magazines of Catherine's time ("Vsyakaya Vyashachina", "Neither this nor that", "Drone", "Mail of Spirits", etc.). A.P. Sumarokov signed them Akinfiy Sumazbrodov, D. I. Fonvizin - Falaley.
Joking signatures were put at the beginning of the last century, even under serious ones. critical articles. One of Pushkin's literary opponents, N. I. Nadezhdin, signed in Vestnik Evropy Ex-student Nikodim Nedoumko And Critic from the Patriarch's Ponds. Pushkin in the "Telescope" two articles directed against F.V. Porfiry Dushegreykina. M. A. Bestuzhev-Ryumin in the same years acted in the "Northern Mercury" as Evgraf Miksturin.
The comic pseudonyms of those times were a match for the long, wordy book titles. G. F. Kvitka-Osnovyanenko in the Vestnik Evropy (1828) signed: Averyan Curious, out of work collegiate assessor, who is in circulation in litigious cases and in monetary penalties. The poet of the Pushkin galaxy N. M. Yazykov "Journey on a Chukhon pair from Derpt to Revel" (1822) signed: Residing on the slings of the Derpt muses, but intending to eventually lead them by the nose Negulai Yazvikov.
Even longer was this alias: Maremyan Danilovich Zhukovyatnikov, chairman of the commission on the construction of the Muratov house, author of the cramped stable "fire-breathing ex-president of the old garden, cavalier of three livers and commander of Galimatya. Thus, in 1811, V. A. Zhukovsky signed a comic "Greek ballad, transcribed into Russian manners", under the title "Elena Ivanovna Protasova, or Friendship, impatience and cabbage." He composed this ballad, which remained unpublished during his lifetime, as a guest at the Muratovo estate near Moscow with his friends Protasovs. No less lengthy and bizarre was the pseudonym of the author of the "critical notes" to the same ballad: Alexander Pleshchepupovich Chernobrysov, real mameluke and bogdykhan, bandmaster of cowpox, privileged galvanist of dog comedy, publisher of topographical descriptions of wigs and gentle componist of various musical bellies, including the note howl attached here. Behind this comic signature was Zhukovsky's friend Pleshcheev.
O. I. Senkovsky "Private letter to the most respectable public about a secret journal called Veselchak" (1858), signed: Ivan Ivanov son of Khokhotenko-Khlopotunov-Pustyakovsky, retired second lieutenant, landowner of various provinces and cavalier of purity.
"History of Yerofey Yerofeyich, the inventor of "Erofeich", an allegorical bitter vodka" (1863) was published on behalf of Russian author, nicknamed the Old Indian Rooster.
N. A. Nekrasov often signed with comic pseudonyms: Feklist Bob, Ivan Borodavkin, Naum Perepelsky, Churmen(probably from "fuck me!").
Such pseudonyms were constantly used by employees of Iskra, Gudok, and Whistle - press organs that played a significant role in the struggle of revolutionary democrats against autocracy, serfdom and reactionary literature in the 60s and 70s of the last century. They often added to fictitious surname this or that imaginary rank, rank, indicated an imaginary profession, striving to create literary masks endowed with attributes of real personalities.
These are the pseudonyms: N. A. Nekrasova - Literary exchange broker Nazar Vymochkin, D. D. Minaeva - Fedor Konyukh, Cook Nikolai Kadov, Lieutenant Khariton Yakobintsev, Junker A, Restaurantov, N. S. Kurochkina - Poet okolodochny(neighborhood was then called the police station), Member of the Madrid Learned Society Tranbrel, other comedians - Poluarshinov’s knife line clerk, Kradilo the Ober-exchange counterfeiter, Taras Kutsiy the landowner, Azbukin the telegraph operator, Fireman Kum, U.R.A. Vodka-alcohol breeder etc.
I. S. Turgenev feuilleton "Six-year-old accuser" signed: Retired teacher of Russian literature Platon Nedobobov, and poems allegedly composed by the six-year-old son of the author - Jeremiah Nedobobov. They ridiculed the shady sides of Russian reality:
Oh, why from infancy, Sorrow about bribes entered my soul! 1
1 ("Spark", 1859, No. 50)
The juvenile accuser exclaimed.
To make readers laugh, old, obsolete names were chosen for pseudonyms in combination with an intricate surname: Varakhasy the Indispensable, Khusdazad Tserebrinov, Ivakhviy Kistochkin, Basilisk of the Cascades, Avvakum Khudodoshensky etc. Young M. Gorky in the Samara and Saratov newspapers of the late 90s was signed by Yehudiel Khlamida.
Gorky's signatures are full of wit in those of his works that were not intended for publication. Beneath one of his letters to his 15-year-old son is: Your father Polycarp Unesibozhenozhkin. On the pages of the home handwritten magazine Sorrento Pravda (1924), on the cover of which Gorky was depicted as a giant plugging the crater of Vesuvius with his finger, he signed Metranpage Goryachkin, Disabled Muses, Osip Tikhovoyev, Aristid Balyk.
Sometimes the comic effect was achieved through a deliberate contrast between the name and surname. This technique was used by Pushkin, though not to create a pseudonym ("And you, dear singer, Vanyusha Lafontaine ..."), and humorists willingly followed his example, combining foreign names with purely Russian surnames: Jean Khlestakov, Wilhelm Tetkin, Basil Lyalechkin, and vice versa: Nikifor Shelming, etc. Leonid Andreev signed the satire "The Adventures of an Angel of the World" (1917): Horace C. Rutabaga.
Often, for a comic pseudonym, the surname of some famous writer. In Russian humorous magazines there are also Pushkin in a square, and Saratov's Boccaccio, and Rabelais of Samara, and Beranger from Zaryadye, and Schiller from Taganrog, and Ovid with Tom, and Dante from Plyushchikha, and Berne from Berdichev. Heine's name was especially popular: there is Heine from Kharkov, from Arkhangelsk, from Irbit, from Lyuban and even Heine from the stable.
Sometimes the name or surname of a well-known person was changed in such a way as to produce a comic effect: Darry Baldi, Heinrich Genius, Gribselov, Pushechkin, Gogol-Mogol, Pierre de Boborysak(allusion to Boborykin). V. A. Gilyarovsky in "Entertainment" and "News of the Day" signed Emelya Zola.
D. D. Minaev, under the "dramatic fantasy" dedicated to the massacre of a certain Nikita Bezrylov with his wife Literatura and written in the spirit of Shakespeare, staged Tryphon Shakespeare(under Nikita Bezrylov meant A.F. Pisemsky, who used this pseudonym). K. K. Golokhvastov signed the satire "Journey to the Moon of the Merchant Truboletov" (1890), allegedly translated, as it says on the cover, "from French into Nizhny Novgorod", signed Jules Unfaithful, parodying the name and surname of Jules Verne, who has a novel on the same subject.
Sometimes the names of the characters were used as comic pseudonyms. literary works. This was done in order to evoke appropriate reminiscences from readers, sometimes having nothing to do with the topic. The main thing is to be funny!
These are the signatures: I. Bashkova - Executor Fried eggs, Midshipman Zhevakin(from Gogol's "Marriage"), D. Minaeva Court counselor Esbuketov(a surname adopted by the serf poet Vidoplyasov from Dostoevsky's story "The Village of Stepanchikovo").
In order to enhance the comic effect of foreign literary hero Russian "registration" was given: Don Quixote St. Petersburg(D. Minaets), Mephistopheles from Khamovniki(A. V. Amfiteatrov), Figaro from Sushchev, Faust of the Shchigrovsky district and so on.
Type signatures Marquis Pose, Childe Harold, Don Juan, Gulliver, Quasimodo, Lohengrin, Falstaff, Captain Nemo etc. and also Blacksmith Vakula, Taras Bulba, Khoma-philosopher, Repetilov, Poprishchin, Lyapkin-Tyapkin, Karas-idealist etc. were ready-made literary masks for humorists. As for the signature Puffer, then it was associated not so much with the surname of Griboedov's character, but with the expression "bar your teeth", that is, laugh.
Chekhov in "Shards" was signed by Ulysses; under the story "In the cemetery" at its second publication, he put Laertes. Chekhov signed a comic letter to the editor of "Oskolkov" Colonel Kochkarev(a hybrid of Colonel Koshkarev from " dead souls"and Kochkarev from "Marriage"). In this letter, he turned to the mediocre but prolific playwright D. A. Mansfeld: "Being, like my daughter Zinaida, a lover performing arts, I have the honor to ask the esteemed Mr. Mansfeld to compose four comedies, three dramas and two more tragedies for household use, for which item after making them I will send three rubles "1.
1 ("Shards", 1886, No. 3)
The vindictive Mansfeld did not forgive the offense: after Chekhov's death, he spread a rumor that at the very beginning of his literary activity, he brought him, Mansfeld, who was then publishing a magazine, a thick novel, which he allegedly refused to publish.
Chekhov had many comic pseudonyms. Collaborating in "Dragonfly" and other journals of the end of the last century, he signed: Doctor without patients (a hint of his medical diploma), Nut No. 6, Akaki Tarantulov, Kislyaev, Baldastov, Champagne, Man without a spleen etc. He also liked to put joking signatures under letters. Under the epistles to brother Alexander is something your Schiller Shakespeare Goethe, then your father A. Chekhov, then A. Dostoynov-Blagorodnov. Signatures under some letters reflect certain facts from Chekhov's biography. So, your Tsyntsynnatus- a hint for classes agriculture in Melikhovo (Cincinnatus - a Roman senator who retired to the village). On the days of his trip to Sakhalin, Chekhov writes to his sister: your Asiatic brother, Homo sachaliensis. Under one letter to A. Suvorin is: Indispensable Member for Dramatic Affairs of the Presence. One letter to his wife signed Academician Toto(an allusion to being elected to Russian Academy), other - your husband A. Actress(a hint that his wife did not leave the stage even after marriage).
Some; comedians had a very large number of funny pseudonyms, under which they collaborated in various magazines and newspapers, without having a permanent literary name. With insufficiently bright talent, the variety of signatures was disastrous for comedians. I. Bashkov, N. Yezhov, A. A. and V. A. Sokolov, S. Gusev, A. Gerson each had 50 - 100 comic pseudonyms, but all of them are firmly and deservedly forgotten, as well as those who wore them. K. A. Mikhailov, an employee of almost all humorous magazines published at the turn of the past and current centuries; he had as many as 325 pseudonyms, but none of them stayed in the memory of readers.
Sometimes the nature of the comic pseudonym changed along with the political convictions of the author. This happened to the Iskra-born V.P. Burenin, who defected to the reactionary camp and attacked his former comrades-in-arms with such malice that he deserved an epigram:
A dog runs along the Nevsky, Behind her - Burenin, quiet and sweet. Policeman! See, however, that he does not bite her.
In "Iskra" and "Spectator" Burenin signed: Vladimir Monumentov; Mich. Zmiev-Infants; General Adversaries 2nd; Dangerous rival of Mr. Turgenev and even Lieutenant Alexis Republicans. Having switched to the Suvorin "New Time", he began to prefer pseudonyms with titles (aristonyms): Count Alexis Jasminov; Viscount Quebriol Dantrachet.
By means of an aristonym, S. I. Ponomarev wittily encrypted his profession, signing Count Biblio(instead of Bibliographer). And another aristonym - d "Aktil - by the poet A. Frenkel is formed from the name of one of the poetic sizes - dactyl.
Aristonyms on the pages of humorous magazines are very common: all sorts of titled persons frolicked here, fortunately anyone could turn into a noble person here. But they were aristocrats with surnames, one funnier than the other: Prince Ablai-Crazy(D. D. Minaev), Count Antre-Cote, Count de Pavetoire, Count Lapotochkin, Count de Pencil, Baron Klyaks, Baron Rikiki, Baron Dzin, Baron Meow-Meow, Baron von Tarakashkin, Marquis de Pineapple, de Neury, de Trubkokur, de Reseda, d "O "Vris d" O "Nelzya, Marquise Frou-Frou, Marquise K avar d" Ak, Mandarin Lay-on-the-moon, Mandarin Spit-on-everything, Khan Tryn-grass, Amur Pasha, Kefir Pasha, Don Flacon etc.
The invention of a pseudonym, designed for comic effect, required wit and gave a wide field for the imagination of humorists. As soon as they did not refine themselves, coming up with funnier signatures! Dr. Oh, Emil Pup, Erazm Sarkasmov, Not at all, Sam-drink-tea, Chertopuzov, Abracadabra, Begemotkin, Pelmenelyubov, Razlyulimalinsky, Incognitenko, Erundist, Morist, Vsekhdavish, Khrenredkineslashchev, Vdolguneostayuschensky, Charles Atan etc.
"Songs of wine and monopoly" (1906) came out on behalf of Ivan Always-Pyushchensky- a signature that fully corresponded to the content of the book (then the monopoly was the sale of vodka in state-owned wine shops).
Funny captions were also created using the epithet "old": old sparrow (that is, one that you can’t fool on chaff), Old Sinner, Old Bachelor, Old Romantic, Old Raven, Old Hermit, Old Summer Resident and so on.
Sometimes the same comic pseudonym was used by several writers who lived at different, and sometimes at the same time.
Soviet humor magazines of the 20s were full of such signatures, sometimes consonant with the era and the new composition of readers: Savely Oktyabrev, Luka Nazhachny, Ivan Borona, Vanya Gaikin, Vanya Garmoshkin, Neporylov, Ivan Child, Pamfil Golovotyapkin, Glupyshkin(comic type in the cinema), Yevlampy Nadkin, etc. It even came out as an appendix to The Laugher (1926 - 1927) Nadkin's Newspaper, the editor-publisher of which was the "popular adventurer Yevlampy Karpovich Nadkin."
Behind the signature Antipka Bobyl A. G. Malyshkin was hiding in the Penza newspapers, behind the signatures Mitrofan Mustard And Comrade Rasp in "Gudok" - Valentin Kataev. M. M. Zoshchenko signed Gavrila, and under the names Honored Worker M. Konoplyanikov-Zuev and Privatdozent M. Prishchemikhin acted as the author of funny scientific projects like the "cat-bus", "trailer crematorium", etc.
Among the pseudonyms of the young Marshak was weller(the name of Mr. Pickwick's merry servant), and Valentin Kataev signed Oliver Twist(another character of Dickens).
A. M. Goldsnberg ( Argo) parodies in the magazine "At the Literary Post" (1927 - 1930) were signed by May Day Plenums, and in "Evening Moscow" by Semyadei Volbukhin and Elizaveta Vorobei. The poet V. V. Knyazev invented for himself the pseudonym Tovavaknya, which meant "comrade Vasily Vasilyevich Knyazev."
In the future, this tradition almost disappeared. However, for last years, in connection with the humor contests held by the press, the number of funny pseudonyms began to grow again, since these contests are often closed and not the names of the authors are put under humoresques, but their mottos, which, in essence, are pseudonyms, usually comic.
- Afanasy Fet - Afanasy Shenshin
- Igor Severyanin - Igor Lotarev
- Arkady Gaidar - Arkady Golikov
- Maxim Gorky - Maxim Peshkov
pseudonyms of 19th century writers
- Jack London - John Griffith Cheney
- Kozma Prutkov - Brothers Alexei, Vladimir and Alexander Zhemchuzhnikov and Alexei Tolstoy
- Alexander Grin - Alexander Grinevsky
- George Sand - Aurora Dupin
- Mark Twain - Samuel Clemens
- Lewis Carroll - Charles Lutwidge Dodgson
- Andrey Bely - Boris Bugaev
pseudonyms of writers of the 20th century
- Korney Chukovsky- Nikolai Korneichuk
- Kir Bulychev - Igor Mozheiko
- Grigory Gorin - Grigory Ofshtein
- Eduard Limonov - Eduard Savenko
- Arkady Arkanov - Arkady Steinbock
- Boris Akunin - Grigory Chkhartishvili
- Anna Akhmatova - Anna Gorenko
- Eduard Bagritsky- Edward Dzyubin
- Alexander Grin - Alexander Grinevich
- Viktor Suvorov - Vladimir Rezun
- Veniamin Kaverin- Veniamin Zilber
- Daniil Kharms - Daniil Yuvachev
- Alexandra Marinina- Marina Alekseeva
I thought - why did they change the name or surname?
Previously, they decorated their name, then they "hid" their nationality more or made it more memorable (remember Chkhartishvili, for example, Akunin is much easier).
Marinina, for example, being a police officer, did not want to "shine" under her name.
Journalists feel more at ease - they write what they want or come up with.
They still cannot understand why the pseudonym of Lenin or Stalin appeared ...
Trotsky Lev Davidovich, second person Soviet Russia from the time of Lenin, from childhood was called the name of Leiba Davidovich Bronstein. He took the surname Trotsky after serving time in an Odessa prison in 1898. It is clear that after his release he changed his name, not much Russified. Also several versions.
Sergey Kostrikov became Kirov - it is assumed that he really liked the Persian ruler Cyrus.
Charles Aznavour - Aznavourian Shakhnur Vaghinak (Varenag)
Irina Allegrova - Klimchuk? Inessa? Alexandrovna
Russian pop singer. When she arrived in Moscow and entered the circus variety school, she borrowed her name from a hostel neighbor, and instead of a surname she took the first word she came across from Musical vocabulary, which was "allegro".
According to another version, the singer's father, operetta artist Alexander Sarkisov, took the pseudonym Alexander Allegrov, and his daughter Irina received this surname at birth.
Nadezhda Babkina Zasedateleva Nadezhda
Russian pop singer, creator and soloist of the ensemble "Russian Song" (1975). If the surname is difficult to pronounce, then your path to success will be difficult. Until they see you, they love you, they will finally remember your last name ... So Nadezhda Babkina has much more advantages than Nadezhda Zasedateleva.
VALERIA Perfilova (Shulgina) Alla
Russian pop singer. Created a pseudonym for her ex-husband and producer A. Shulgin (perhaps because the name Alla is strongly associated with Alla Pugacheva)
Marina Vladi - Polyakova-Baidarova Marina-Louiza Vladimirovna
French actress and a singer. Wife of V. Vysotsky, daughter opera artist Vladimir Polyakov-Baidarov, a native Russian Empire. The pseudonym Vladi Marina took after the death of her father in his honor.
Lada Dance Volkova (Velichkovskaya) Lada
Russian pop singer. The pseudonym Lada Dance was "born" on tour. Sergei Lemokh after the performance announced: "It was Lada! And everything behind her is dance!" those. girls on the dance floor.
Chris Kelmi Kalinkin Anatoly
And he is not the Balts, he just has such a pseudonym. At that time, the Baltic artists were in vogue.
PENCIL Rumyantsev Mikhail Nikolaevich
Famous soviet clown, he received the nickname Pencil not for his short stature, but came up with it himself when he saw the poster french artist Karan d "Asha. (Yes, it really was like that!)
Clara Novikova Herzer Clara Borisovna
Russian pop artist. She changed her surname Herzer to Novikova - (the surname of her first husband) ... but why, if she portrays Aunt Sonya from Odessa?
True, it's interesting - so, for fun.
A) pseudo-andronym(from the Greek pseudos - false and aner, Andros - man) - male name and surname adopted by the female author.
Often the writers were afraid that the publisher would not accept the manuscript, having learned that it was written by a woman, the reader would put the book away for the same reason, and the critic would scold. It was not easy to overcome the long-established prejudice to the creative work of women. Therefore, women writers often signed their works with male names.
AND I. Panaeva under the pseudonym I. Stanitsky published (together with N.A. Nekrasov) the novels “Three Countries of the World” and “Dead Lake”. Under the same name, she performed independently (novels " Women's share”, “Little things in life”, etc.)
B) Pseudogynim (from the Greek gyne - woman) - female name and surname adopted by the male author.
The propensity for similar hoaxes was also fed by the authors - men, who, on the contrary, signed with female names.
L.N. Tolstoy in 1858, he mystified the editor of the newspaper Den, I.S. Aksakov: having written the story “Dream”, he put N.O. under it. - the initials of N. Okhotnitskaya, who lived with Tolstoy's aunt T. Ergolskaya. The story was not published, it was first published only in 1928.
comic aliases
Paizonim (from the Greek raizein - to joke) is a comic pseudonym intended to produce a comic effect.
Comedians have always tried to sign in such a way as to achieve comic effect. This was the main purpose of their pseudonyms; the desire to hide one's name faded into the background here.
The tradition of funny pseudonyms in Russian literature dates back to the magazines of Catherine's time ("Very different things", "Neither this nor that", "Drone", "Mail of Spirits").
ON THE. Nekrasov often signed with comic pseudonyms: Bob Feklist, Ivan Borodavkin, Naum Perepelsky, broker Nazar Vymochkin of the Literary Exchange.
I.S. Turgenev feuilleton "Six-year-old accuser" signed: Retired teacher of Russian literature Platon Nedobobov.
Collective aliases
A) Koinonym (from Greek koinos - common) - a common pseudonym adopted by several authors writing together.
There are many cases when it was not the names of the co-authors that were masked, but the very fact of collective creativity: the work was signed with one name, but behind it were two authors and even more. One of the most clear examples is the famous Kozma Prutkov - pseudonym L.N. Tolstoy and brothers Alexey, Alexander, Vladimir Zhemchuzhnikov. Calling the name Kozma Prutkov, we can say that this is a collective pseudonym and a parodic personality (mask) of a writer - an official, created by writers. For him, the authors also composed a biography with the exact dates of birth and death: “He was born on April 11, 1803; died January 13, 1863. Satirical poems, aphorisms of Kozma Prutkov ridiculed mental stagnation, political "good intentions", parodied the stupidity of officials. For the first time, the name appeared in print in 1854 on the pages of Literary Jumble, a humorous supplement to the Sovremennik magazine. But few people know that Kozma Prutkov had real prototype in life - the valet of the Zhemchuzhnikovs, who bore this name and surname. ( Allonym (or heteronym) - the surname or name of a real person accepted as a pseudonym).
The play "Happy Day" written by A.N. Ostrovsky together with N.Ya. Solovyov in the estate of the first, Shchelykovo, was published in " Domestic notes"(1877) signed Shch ..., i.e. Shchelykovsky. ( Toponym - alias associated with a specific location)
So in the magazine "Pantheon", in three issues, an extensive poetic feuilleton "Provincial clerk in St. Petersburg" is published ON THE. Nekrasov under a pseudonym - Feoklist Bob, and after a few issues the continuation of “Provincial clerk again in St. Petersburg. The trouble is imminent and the joy is mighty ”already under the pseudonym Ivan Gribovnikov. Later I. A. Pruzhinin, K. Pupin, Alexander Bukhalov and others will appear; under it own name almost nothing is printed.
They didn't come up with it themselves
It happened that the pseudonym was not chosen by the author himself, but in the editorial office of a magazine or newspaper, where he brought his first work, or friends, or the person who helped publish the book.
This is, for example, one of the signatures ON THE. Nekrasov, concealing a hint of censorship harassment. The poet was not allowed to publish the second edition of the poems for a long time. Finally, in 1860, one of the courtiers, Count Adlerberg, who enjoyed great influence, obtained the necessary visa from the censorship department, but subject to the introduction of numerous banknotes. “Still, they cut you off, put a muzzle on you! he said to the poet. “Now you can sign under comic verses like this: Muzzles.” Nekrasov followed this advice, signing his satirical poems Savva Namordnikov.
Neutronim - an alias that does not cause any associations
In addition to the reasons for the emergence of pseudonyms, which are discussed in the abstract, there are many more that cannot be classified. In addition, it is not always possible to accurately determine the motives for which certain pseudonyms are taken. There may be several options for explaining a single case of using a pseudonym instead of a real name, unless, of course, there is evidence of the owner of the pseudonym or his contemporary.
