The royal family of Rurikovich. How long did the Rurik dynasty last: a scheme with dates of reign

Story Ancient Rus' very interesting for posterity. She got to modern generation in the form of myths, legends and chronicles. The family tree of Rurikovich with dates of board, its scheme exists in many historical books. The earlier the description, the more reliable the story. The dynasties that ruled, starting with Prince Rurik, contributed to the formation of statehood, the unification of all and the principalities into a single strong state.

The genealogy of Rurikovich presented to readers is a vivid confirmation of this. How many legendary figures who created future Russia, are represented in this tree! How did the dynasty begin? Who was Rurik in origin?

grandchildren invitation

There are many legends about the appearance of the Varangian Rurik in Rus'. Some historians consider him a Scandinavian, others - a Slav. But the Tale of Bygone Years, left by the chronicler Nestor, tells about this event best of all. From his narrative it follows that Rurik, Sineus and Truvor are the grandchildren of the Novgorod prince Gostomysl.

The prince lost all four of his sons in battle, leaving only three daughters. One of them was married to a Varyag-Ross and gave birth to three sons. It was them, his grandchildren, that Gostomysl called to reign in Novgorod. Rurik became Prince of Novgorod, Sineus went to Beloozero, and Truvor to Izborsk. Three brothers became the first tribe and the Rurik family tree began with them. It was 862 AD. The dynasty was in power until 1598, ruling the country for 736 years.

Second knee

The Novgorod prince Rurik ruled until 879. He died, leaving in the arms of Oleg, a relative on his wife's side, his son Igor, a representative of the second tribe. While Igor was growing up, Oleg reigned in Novgorod, who during his reign conquered and called Kyiv "the mother of Russian cities", established diplomatic relations with Byzantium.

After the death of Oleg, in 912, Igor, the rightful heir of the Rurik dynasty, began to reign. He died in 945, leaving his sons: Svyatoslav and Gleb. There are many historical documents and books that describe the genealogy of the Ruriks with dates of reign. The scheme of their family tree looks like the photo on the left.

From this diagram it can be seen that the genus gradually branches and grows. Especially from his son, Yaroslav the Wise, offspring appeared that had great importance in the development of Rus'.

and heirs

In the year of his death, Svyatoslav was only three years old. Therefore, his mother, Princess Olga, began to rule the principality. When he grew up, he was more attracted to military campaigns, rather than reigning. In a campaign to the Balkans, in 972, he was killed. His heirs were three sons: Yaropolk, Oleg and Vladimir. Immediately after the death of his father, Yaropolk became the prince of Kyiv. Autocracy was his desire, and he began to openly fight against his brother Oleg. The genealogy of the Rurikovichs with the dates of reign suggests that Vladimir Svyatoslavovich nevertheless became the head of the Kyiv principality.

When Oleg died, Vladimir first fled to Europe, but after 2 years he returned with a retinue and killed Yaropolk, thus becoming the Grand Duke of Kyiv. During his campaigns in Byzantium, Prince Vladimir became a Christian. In 988, he baptized the inhabitants of Kyiv in the Dnieper, built churches and cathedrals, and contributed to the spread of Christianity in Rus'.

The people gave him a name and his reign lasted until 1015. The Church venerates him as a saint for the baptism of Rus'. The Grand Duke of Kiev Vladimir Svyatoslavovich had sons: Svyatopolk, Izyaslav, Sudislav, Vysheslav, Pozvizd, Vsevolod, Stanislav, Yaroslav, Mstislav, Svyatoslav and Gleb.

Descendants of Rurik

There is a detailed genealogy of Rurikovich with dates of their lives and periods of government. Following Vladimir, Svyatopolk, who will be called the Accursed by the people, rose to the principality for the murder of his brothers. His reign did not last long - in 1015, with a break, and from 1017 to 1019.

The wise one ruled from 1015 to 1017 and from 1019 to 1024. Then there were 12 years of reign together with Mstislav Vladimirovich: from 1024 to 1036, and then from 1036 to 1054.

From 1054 to 1068 - this is the period of the principality of Izyaslav Yaroslavovich. Further, the genealogy of the Rurikovichs, the scheme of government of their descendants, is expanding. Some of the representatives of the dynasty were in power for very short periods and did not have time to accomplish outstanding deeds. But many (such as Yaroslav the Wise or Vladimir Monomakh) left their mark on the life of Rus'.

Pedigree of Rurikovich: continuation

The Grand Duke of Kiev Vsevolod Yaroslavovich entered the principality in 1078 and continued it until 1093. There are many princes in the family tree of the dynasty who are remembered for their exploits in battles: such was Alexander Nevsky. But his reign was later, during the invasion of Rus' by the Mongol-Tatars. And before him, the Kyiv principality was ruled by: Vladimir Monomakh - from 1113 to 1125, Mstislav - from 1125 to 1132, Yaropolk - from 1132 to 1139. Yuri Dolgoruky, who became the founder of Moscow, reigned from 1125 to 1157.

The genealogy of the Rurikovichs is voluminous and deserves a very careful study. It is impossible to pass by such famous names as John "Kalita", Dmitry "Donskoy", who reigned from 1362 to 1389. Contemporaries always associate the name of this prince with his victory at the Kulikovo field. After all, it was a turning point that marked the beginning of the "end" of the Tatar-Mongol yoke. But Dmitry Donskoy was remembered not only for this: his domestic policy was aimed at uniting the principalities. It was during his reign that Moscow became the central place of Rus'.

Fedor Ioannovich - the last of the dynasty

The genealogy of the Rurikovichs, a diagram with dates, suggests that the dynasty ended with the reign of the Tsar of Moscow and All Rus' - Fedor Ioannovich. He ruled from 1584 to 1589. But his power was nominal: by nature, he was not a sovereign, and the country was ruled by the State Duma. But nevertheless, during this period, peasants were attached to the land, which is considered a merit of the reign of Fyodor Ioannovich.

The genealogy of Rurikovich was cut off, the scheme of which is shown above in the article. For more than 700 years, the formation of Rus' went on, the terrible yoke was overcome, there was a unification of the principalities and the entire East Slavic people. Further on the threshold of history stands a new royal dynasty- The Romanovs.

Rurikovichi- a princely and royal dynasty that ruled in Ancient Rus', and then in the Russian kingdom from 862 to 1598. In addition, Vasily Shuisky, also a descendant of Rurik, was the Russian Tsar in 1606-1610.

Numerous noble families go back to Rurik, such as Shuisky, Odoevsky, Volkonsky, Gorchakov, Baryatinsky, Obolensky, Repnin, Dolgorukov, Shcherbatov, Vyazemsky, Kropotkin, Dashkov, Dmitriev, Mussorgsky, Shakhovsky, Eropkin, Lvov, Prozorovsky, Ukhtomsky, Pozharsky, Gagarins, Romodanovskys, Khilkovs. Representatives of these clans played a prominent role in the social, cultural and political life Russian Empire, and then the Russian abroad.

The first Rurikovichs. Period of the centralized state

Kyiv chronicler early XII century brings the Rurik dynasty "from beyond the sea." According to chronicle legend, the peoples of the north of Eastern Europe- Chud, all, Slovenes and Krivichi, - they decided to look for the prince from the Varangians, who were called Rus. Three brothers responded to the call - Rurik, Sineus and Truvor. The first sat down to reign in Novgorod, the center of Slovenia, the second - on Beloozero, the third - in Izborsk. Rurik's warriors Askold and Dir, descending the Dnieper, began to reign in Kyiv, in the land of the meadows, relieving the latter of the need to pay tribute to the nomadic Khazars. Many scientists identify Rurik with the Scandinavian king Rorik of Jutland; F. Kruse was the first to put forward this hypothesis in 1836.

The direct ancestors of the subsequent Ruriks were the son of Rurik Igor (ruled in 912-945) and the son of Igor and Olga (945-960) Svyatoslav (945-972). In 970, Svyatoslav divided the territories subject to him between his sons: Yaropolk was planted in Kyiv, Oleg - in the land of the Drevlyans, and Vladimir - in Novgorod. In 978 or 980, Vladimir removed Yaropolk from power. In Novgorod (Slovenia), he planted his eldest son, Vysheslav (later Yaroslav), in Turov (Dregovichi) - Svyatopolk, in the land of the Drevlyans - Svyatoslav, and in Rostov (the lands of Merya, colonized by the Slavs) - Yaroslav (later Boris), in Vladimir -Volynsky (Volynians) - Vsevolod, in Polotsk (Polotsk Krivichi) - Izyaslav, in Smolensk (Smolensk Krivichi) - Stanislav, and in Murom (originally the land of the Murom people) - Gleb. Another son of Vladimir, Mstislav, began to rule the Tmutorokan principality - an enclave of Rus' in the Eastern Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov with a center on the Taman Peninsula.

After the death of Vladimir in 1015, his sons launched an internecine struggle for power. Vladimir wanted to see his son Boris as his successor, but power in Kyiv ended up in the hands of Svyatopolk. He organized the murder of his three brothers - Boris and Gleb, who later became the first Russian saints, as well as Svyatoslav. In 1016, Yaroslav, who reigned in Novgorod, opposed Svyatopolk. In the battle of Lubech, he defeated his younger brother, and Svyatopolk fled to Poland to his father-in-law Boleslav the Brave. In 1018, Boleslav and Svyatopolk set out on a campaign against Rus', and was taken to Kyiv. Having returned the throne of Kiev to his son-in-law, the Polish prince returned. Yaroslav, having hired a Varangian squad, again moved to Kyiv. Svyatopolk fled. In 1019, Svyatopolk came to Kyiv with the Pecheneg army, but was defeated by Yaroslav in a battle on the Alta River.

In 1021, the war with Yaroslav was waged by his nephew, the Polotsk prince Bryachislav, and in 1024 by his brother, the Tmutorokan prince Mstislav. Mstislav's forces were victorious near Listven near Chernigov, but the prince did not lay claim to Kyiv - the brothers concluded an agreement according to which the entire left bank of the Dnieper with the center in Chernigov went to Mstislav. Until 1036, there was a dual power in Rus' between Yaroslav and Mstislav Vladimirovich, but then the second died without leaving sons, and Yaroslav concentrated all power in his hands. To prevent the recurrence of civil strife, he made a will, according to which Kyiv and Novgorod remained in the hands of one person - the eldest son of Izyaslav. In the south of Rus', power with Izyaslav was to be shared by his brothers Svyatoslav (Chernigov) and Vsevolod (Pereyaslavl). After the death of Yaroslav in 1054, this "triumvirate" shared the supreme power in the state for 14 years, after which Rus' again faced strife. The Kiev table was captured by the Polotsk prince Vseslav Bryachislavich (in 1068-1069), and then Svyatoslav Yaroslavich (in 1073-1076). After 1078, when Vsevolod Yaroslavich became Prince of Kyiv, the situation in Rus' stabilized. In 1093, after his death, the internecine struggle flared up with renewed vigor: the grandchildren and great-grandchildren of Yaroslav competed for power. A particularly fierce struggle took place in the South-West of Rus', in addition to the Russian princes, foreigners, the Hungarians and the Polovtsy, joined in it. At the turn of the 11th and 12th centuries, the descendants of Yaroslav managed to agree on the distribution of volosts: at the congress of princes in Lyubech (1097), it was decided that the descendants of the three eldest sons of Yaroslav Vladimirovich should own the lands received from their fathers - “fatherlands”.

The period of strengthening the supreme power in Rus' came after the reign in Kiev in 1113 of the son of Vsevolod Yaroslavich and the daughter of the Byzantine emperor Constantine IX Monomakh - Vladimir Vsevolodovich, who also received the nickname "Monomakh". He reigned in Kyiv until 1125. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Mstislav Vladimirovich, after whose death the process of separation of the principalities became irreversible. Several state formations appeared on the territory of Rus'. Of these, only in the Kyiv land did not appear its own dynasty or its semblance, and, as a result, until the invasion of Batu, Kyiv was the object of constant struggle between different princes.

Rurikovich in the period of fragmentation

All lands gained political independence in different time. Chernihiv land actually received one even before 1132. By decision of the Lyubech Congress, Davyd and Oleg Svyatoslavichs, sons Kyiv prince Svyatoslav Yaroslavich, and then their descendants - Davydovichi and Olgovichi. In 1127, the Muromo-Ryazan land was separated from the Chernigov Principality, which was inherited by the brother of Oleg and Davyd Yaroslav and later divided into Murom and Ryazan. The principalities of Przemysl and Trebovl were united in 1141 under the rule of Vladimirko Volodarevich, the great-grandson of the eldest son of Yaroslav the Wise Vladimir. Vladimirko made Galich his capital - this is how the history of a separate Galician land began. Polotsk land in 1132 again passed into the hands of the descendants of Izyaslav Vladimirovich. Representatives of the senior branch of the descendants of Vladimir Monomakh (from his first wife) ruled in the Smolensk and Volyn lands. His grandson Rostislav Mstislavich became the first independent prince in Smolensk and the ancestor of an independent Smolensk dynasty. In Volhynia, a local dynasty was founded by Izyaslav Mstislavich, brother previous, and in Suzdal (Rostov) land - the son of Monomakh from his second marriage, Yuri Dolgoruky. All of them - both Rostislav, and Mstislav, and Yuri - at first received their lands only for holding, but after some time secured them for themselves and their closest relatives.

Another territory where the power of Monomashichs was established was Pereyaslavl land. However, a full-fledged dynasty was not formed there - both branches of Monomakh's descendants argued for possession of the land.

Turov-Pinsk land for a long time passed from hand to hand, and only by the end of the 1150s the princely family, founded by Yuri Yaroslavich, the grandson of Svyatopolk Izyaslavich, was established there. In 1136, the Novgorod land also finally separated from Kyiv - after the expulsion of Prince Vsevolod Mstislavich, the period of the Novgorod Republic began here.

In the conditions of the division of the state, the most powerful princes tried to expand their possessions and political influence. The main struggle unfolded for Kyiv, Novgorod, and since 1199, the Galician table. After the death of Vladimir Yaroslavich, the Galician land was captured by the Volyn prince Roman Mstislavich, who united the Galician and Volyn lands into a single state. Finally, only his son Daniel, who ruled the Galicia-Volyn principality from 1238 to 1264, managed to finally restore order in these territories.

Monomashichs - descendants of Yuri Dolgoruky

The Suzdal Prince Yuri Dolgoruky had several sons. In an effort to protect the Suzdal land from internal fragmentation, he allocated land to them not within its borders, but in the South. In 1157, Yuri died, and Andrei Bogolyubsky (1157-1174) succeeded him in Suzdal. In 1162, he sent several brothers and nephews outside the Suzdal region. After his death at the hands of the conspirators, two of the nephews he had expelled - Mstislav and Yaropolk Rostislavich - were invited by Rostov and Suzdal to the throne. Meanwhile, the "younger" cities of the Suzdal land supported the claims to power of Andrei's brothers - Mikhalka and Vsevolod. In 1176, after the death of his brother, Vsevolod began to reign in Vladimir alone, and a year later, he defeated the Rostov squad of Mstislav Rostislavich near Yuryev. Vsevolod Yurievich ruled until 1212, he was nicknamed the Big Nest. He began to title himself "Grand Duke".

After the death of Vsevolod the Big Nest, for several decades, his sons, and then the sons of his son, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, became the Grand Dukes of Vladimir for several decades. In 1252, Alexander Nevsky received a label for the great reign of Vladimir. Under him, the authority of the power of the Grand Duke was strengthened, Novgorod and Smolensk finally entered the field of its influence. After the death of Alexander, under his sons Dmitry Pereyaslavsky (1277-1294) and Andrei Gorodetsky (1294-1304), the political weight of Vladimir, on the contrary, weakened. The “ladder system” of succession to the throne of Vladimir assumed that the great reign would belong to the eldest descendant of Vsevolod the Big Nest, and from the beginning of the 14th century, the Grand Dukes of Vladimir preferred to live in the centers of their appanages, only occasionally visiting Vladimir.

Moscow dynasty

An independent Moscow principality arose under Alexander Nevsky. Daniil of Moscow became the first prince. By the end of his life, he annexed a number of territories to his inheritance, the young principality began to rapidly gain strength. The goal of the eldest son of Daniel, Yuri (1303-1325), was the great reign of Vladimir: in 1318, having defeated the Tver prince Mikhail Yaroslavich, Yuri received a label, but in 1322 Khan Uzbek handed it over to the Tver prince Dmitry. Having gone to the Horde to defend his rights, Yuri was killed by Dmitry Tverskoy. Childless Yuri was succeeded by his younger brother Ivan Danilovich, better known by the nickname Kalita. His goal was the rise of Moscow. In 1327, he took part in the Tatars' punitive campaign against Tver, whose inhabitants killed a large Tatar detachment, and soon received a khan's label for the great reign of Vladimir. Both Kalita and his sons Semyon the Proud (1340-1353) and Ivan the Red (1353-1359) tried in every possible way to maintain peace in relations with the Horde. Ivan the Red was succeeded by his young son Dmitry. Under him, the great reign of Vladimir became the "patrimony" of the Moscow princes. In 1367, the Moscow ruling elite took into custody Prince Mikhail of Tver, who had come to negotiate. He miraculously got out of captivity and complained to his son-in-law, the Lithuanian prince Olgerd. The Lithuanians marched on Moscow three times. In 1375 Dmitry Ivanovich marched on Tver with a large army. The city withstood the siege, but Mikhail of Tver decided not to risk it and recognized himself as a vassal of Dmitry of Moscow. In the mid-1370s, Dmitry began to prepare for a war with the Horde. He was supported by many princes. In 1380, the Russian troops won a decisive victory over the forces of the Horde commander Mamai in the Battle of Kulikovo, but the princes failed to quickly unite in the face of a new danger. In the summer of 1382, the troops of Khan Tokhtamysh captured Moscow, and Dmitry had to resume paying tribute. After Dmitry Donskoy, his son Vasily I (1389-1425) reigned. Under him, Moscow managed to avoid plunder twice: in 1395, Timur, who had already occupied the city of Yelets, unexpectedly refused to march on Moscow, and in 1408 the Muscovites managed to pay off Timur’s henchman Edigey, whose troops were already standing under the walls of the city.

In 1425, Vasily I died, and a long dynastic turmoil (1425-1453) began in the Moscow principality. Part of the descendants of Dmitry Donskoy and the nobility supported the young Vasily II, part - his uncle, Prince Yuri Zvenigorodsky. A weak ruler and commander, in the summer of 1445 Vasily II was captured by the Tatars and was released in exchange for a huge ransom. The son of Yuri Zvenigorodsky Dmitry Shemyaka, who ruled in Uglich, took advantage of the indignation over the size of the ransom: he captured Moscow, took Vasily II prisoner and ordered him to be blinded. In February 1447, Vasily regained the Moscow throne and gradually took revenge on all opponents. Dmitry Shemyaka, who fled to Novgorod, was poisoned in 1453 by people sent from Moscow.

In 1462, Vasily the Dark died, and his son Ivan (1462-1505) came to the throne. Over the 43 years of his reign, Ivan III managed for the first time after hundreds of years of fragmentation to create a single Russian state. Already in the 1470s, Ivan Vasilievich ordered that in diplomatic correspondence he be called the "sovereign of all Rus'." In 1480, with standing on the Ugra, more than two centuries of the Horde yoke ended. Ivan III set out to gather all Russian lands under his scepter: one after another, Perm (1472), Yaroslavl (1473), Rostov (1474), Novgorod (1478), Tver (1485), Vyatka (1489), Pskov (1510), Ryazan (1521). Most of the estates were liquidated. The heir of Ivan III was ultimately his son, who was born in a marriage with Sophia Paleolog, Vasily III. Thanks to his mother, he won a long dynastic struggle with the grandson of Ivan III from the eldest son, born of his first wife. Vasily III ruled until 1533, after which his successor Ivan IV the Terrible took the throne. Until 1538, the country was actually ruled by a regent, his mother Elena Glinskaya. Ivan Vasilievich's heir was his eldest son Ivan, but in 1581 he died from a blow with a staff that his father inflicted on him. As a result, the father was succeeded by the second son, Fedor. He was incapable of state power, and in fact the country was ruled by his wife's brother, the boyar Boris Godunov. After the death of the childless Fedor in 1598 Zemsky Sobor elected Boris Godunov as tsar. The Rurik dynasty on the Russian throne was cut short. In 1606-1610, however, Vasily Shuisky, from the family of descendants of the Suzdal princes, also Rurikovich, reigned in Russia.

Tver branch

The Tver principality began to gain strength in the second half of the 13th century, standing out as an independent inheritance of the younger brother of Alexander Nevsky, Yaroslav Yaroslavich. After him, Svyatoslav Yaroslavich (until 1282) and Mikhail Yaroslavich (1282-1318) reigned in Tver in turn. The latter received a label for the great reign of Vladimir, and Tver became the main center of North-Eastern Rus'. Serious political mistakes led to the loss of leadership in favor of Moscow by the princes of Tver: both Mikhail of Tverskoy and his sons Dmitry Mikhailovich the Terrible Ochi (1322-1326) and Alexander Mikhailovich (1326-1327, 1337-1339) were executed by order of the Horde khans. The fate of the two elder brothers forced Konstantin Mikhailovich (1328-1346) to be extremely careful in his political steps. After his death, another son of Mikhail of Tver, Vasily Mikhailovich (1349-1368), reigned in Tver. As a result of long strife, he eventually lost the throne, and Tver came under the authority of the appanage prince Mikhail Aleksandrovich Mikulinsky. In 1375, he made peace with Dmitry of Moscow, after which Moscow and Tver did not conflict for a long time. In particular, the prince of Tver maintained neutrality during the war between Dmitry of Moscow and Mamai in 1380. After Mikhail Alexandrovich, Ivan Mikhailovich (1399-1425) ruled in Tver, he continued his father's policy. The heyday of the Tver principality came under the successor and grandson of Ivan Mikhailovich Boris Alexandrovich (1425-1461), but the continuation of the policy of "armed neutrality" did not help the Tver princes to prevent the conquest of Tver by Moscow.

Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod and Ryazan branches

A prominent position in North-Eastern Rus' was occupied by the Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod principality. The short-term rise of Suzdal fell on the years of the reign of Alexander Vasilyevich (1328-1331), who received a label for a great reign from Khan Uzbek. In 1341 Khan Dzhanibek handed over Nizhny Novgorod and Gorodets from the possession of Moscow back to the Suzdal princes. In 1350, Prince Konstantin Vasilyevich of Suzdal (1331-1355) transferred the capital of the principality from Suzdal to Nizhny Novgorod. The Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod princes failed to achieve the flourishing of their state: an uncertain foreign policy Dmitry Konstantinovich (1365-1383) and the strife that began after his death undermined the resources and authority of the principality and gradually turned it into the possession of the Moscow princes.

In the Ryazan principality, separated in the middle of the XII century, the descendants of Yaroslav Svyatoslavich, the youngest son of Svyatoslav Yaroslavich of Chernigov, one of the three Yaroslavichs, ruled. In the second half, Prince Oleg Ivanovich Ryazansky ruled here. He tried to pursue a flexible policy, maintaining neutrality in the confrontation between the Tatars and Moscow. In 1402, Oleg Ryazansky died, the dynastic ties between Ryazan and Moscow began to intensify. Prince Vasily Ivanovich (1456-1483) married the daughter of Ivan III of Moscow, Anna. In 1521, Vasily III included the lands of the Ryazan Principality into his possessions.

Polotsk, Chernihiv, Galician dynasties

The princes of Polotsk did not descend from Yaroslav the Wise, like all other Russian princes, but from another son of St. Vladimir, Izyaslav, so the Polotsk principality always kept apart. Izyaslavichi were the eldest branch of the Rurikovich. From the beginning of the 14th century rulers of Lithuanian origin reigned in Polotsk.

In the Chernigov-Bryansk and Smolensk principalities, Moscow competed with Lithuania. Around 1339, Smolensk recognized the suzerainty of Lithuania over itself. With the Bryansk princes, vassals of Smolensk, in the winter of 1341-1342, Moscow established family relations: the daughter of Prince Dmitry of Bryansk was married off to the son of Ivan Kalita. By the beginning of the 15th century, both Smolensk and Bryansk were finally captured by the Lithuanians.

At the beginning of the XIV century, the grandson of Daniil Galitsky Yuri Lvovich (1301-1308), having subjugated the entire territory of Galicia-Volyn Rus', following the example of his grandfather, took the title of "King of Rus'". The Galicia-Volyn principality gained a serious military potential and a certain foreign policy independence. After the death of Yuri, the principality was divided between his sons Lev (Galych) and Andrei (Vladimir Volynsky). Both princes died in 1323 under unclear circumstances and left no heirs. With the departure of the Yurievichs, the line of the Rurikovichs in Galicia-Volyn Rus, which ruled for more than a hundred years, was cut short.

Last update:
August 15, 2018, 18:05

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ruling dynasty in Kievan Rus. It got its name and originates from legends, Prince Rurik, who is mentioned in the Tale of Bygone Years. The most famous of his heirs were the Grand Dukes of Kiev Igor (reigned in 912-945), Svyatoslav the Brave (c. 945-972), Vladimir the Great (978-1015), Yaroslav the Wise (1019-54), Vsevolod (1078-93) Vladimir II Monomakh (1113-25), Mstislav Vladimirovich (1125-32). During the period of feuds, fragmentation, representatives of R. ruled in the encirclement. principalities (Kiev, Chernigov, Pereyaslav, Vladimir-Suzdal, etc.), where they founded the local. dynasty - Monomakhovichi, Olgovichi, Romanovichi and others. Roman Mstislavich, the founder of the Romanovichi dynasty, formed one thousand one hundred and ninety-nine one of the most powerful states in the territory. Kyiv. Rus' - Galicia-Volyn principality. His son Daniil Romanovich of Galicia became the king of this state in 1254. Among the most famous Olgovichi, descendants of the Chernigov and Novgorod-Seversky prince Oleg Svyatoslavich (died 1115), is his grandson Igor Svyatoslavich, sung in the "Lay of Igor's Campaign". Specific princes of the R. dynasty ruled in Ukrainian. lands to con. 15th c. One of the branches of G. (descendants of the Vladimir-Suzdal Monomakhoviches) subsequently became the grand-ducal (from the 14th century) and royal (from the 16th century) Dynasty in Moscow. state-ve. Rest Moscow tsar from the R. dynasty - Fedor Ivanovich - died 1598 In the 17th century. part of R. gradually merged with representatives of other genera, having led. influence under Russian. court (for example, the descendants of the Chernigov R.: Baryatinsky, Volkonsky, Gorchakov, Dolgorukov, Obolensky, Odoevsky, Repnin, Shcherbakov, etc.).

Rurikovich.

862 -1598

Kyiv princes.

Rurik

862 - 879

IX century - the formation of the Old Russian state.

Oleg

879 - 912

882 Unification of Novgorod and Kyiv.

907, 911 - trips to Tsargrad (Constantinople); the signing of the treaty between Rus' and the Greeks.

Igor

912 - 945

941, 944 - Igor's campaigns against Byzantium. /first - unsuccessful/

945 - Treaty of Rus' with the Greeks. / not as profitable as Oleg /

Olga

945 -957 (964)

/regetsha of the young prince Svyatoslav/

945 - uprising in the land of the Drevlyans. Introduction of lessons and churchyards.

Svyatoslav

I957 -972.

964 - 966 - the defeat of the Kama Bulgarians, Khazars, Yasses, Kosogs. Accession of Tmutarakan and Kerch, a trade route to the East was opened.

967 - 971 - war with Byzantium.

969 - the appointment of his sons as governors: Yaropolk in Kyiv, Oleg in Iskorosten, Vladimir in Novgorod.

Yaropolk

972 - 980

977 - the death of Prince Oleg in the struggle with his brother Yaropolk for leadership in Rus', the flight of Prince Vladimir to the Varangians.

978 - Yaropolk's victory over the Pechenegs.

980 - the defeat of Yaropolk in the battle with Prince Vladimir. The murder of Yaropolk.

VladimirISaint

980 - 1015

980 - pagan reform / a single pantheon of gods /.

988-989 - the adoption of Christianity in Rus'.

992, 995 - battles with the Pechenegs.

Svyatopolk the Cursed

1015 - 1019

1015 - the beginning of strife between the sons of Vladimir. The murder of the juvenile princes Boris and Gleb on the orders of Svyatopolk.

1016 - the battle of the princes of the skatopolk and Yaroslav near Lyubich. The flight of Svyatopolk to Poland.

1018 - return of Svyatopolk to Kyiv. Flight of Yaroslav to Novgorod.

1018 - 1019 Yaroslav's war with Svyatopolk.

Yaroslav the Wise

1019 -1054

Beginning XI century - compilation of "Russian Truth" (Pravda Yaroslav), consisting of 17 articles, (according to academician B. A. Rybakov, this was an instruction on fines for scandals and fights).

1024 - the battle of Yaroslav with his brother Mstislav Listven for control over all the territories of Rus'.

1025 - division of the Russian state along the Dnieper. Mstislav eastern, and Yaroslav the western part of the state.

1035 - the death of Mstislav Vladimirovich. The transfer of his inheritance to Yaroslav.

1036 - formation of the Kyiv Metropolis

1037 - the beginning of the construction of the church of St. Sophia in Kyiv.

1043 - the unsuccessful campaign of Vladimir Yaroslavich against Byzantium.

1045 - the beginning of the construction of the church of St. Sophia in Novgorod.

IzyaslavIYaroslavich

1054 - 1073, 1076 - 1078

1068 - the defeat of the Yaroslavichi on the river. Alte from the Polovtsy.

1068 - 1072 - popular uprisings in Kyiv, Novgorod, Rostov-Suzdal and Chernigov lands. Addition of "Russian Pravda" "Pravda Yaroslavichi".

Svyatoslav

II 1073 -1076gg.

Vsevolod

1078 - 1093

1079 - speech of the Tmutarakan prince Roman Svyatoslavich against Vsevolod Yaroslavich.

SvyatopolkIIIzyaslavich

1093 - 1113

1093 - the ruin of Southern Rus' by the Polovtsy.

1097 - Congress of Russian princes in Lyubich.

1103 - the defeat of the Polovtsy Svyatopolk and Vladimir Monomakh.

1113 - the death of Svyatopolk II, the uprising of the townspeople, smerds and purchases in Kyiv.

Vladimir Monomakh

1113 - 1125

1113 - addition of "Russian Truth" by the "Charter" of Prince Vladimir Monomakh on "purchases" /debtors/ and "cuts" /interest/.

1113 -1117 - writing "The Tale of Bygone Years".

1116 - the campaign of Vladimir Monomakh with the sons of the Polovtsians.

Mstislav the Great

1125 - 1132

1127 - 1130s - the struggle of Mstislav with the Polotsk specific princes. Link them to Byzantium.

1131 - 1132 - successful campaigns in Lithuania.

strife in Rus'.

Moscow princes.

Daniil Alexandrovich 1276 - 1303

Yuri Danilovich 1303-1325

Ivan Kalita 1325 - 1340

Semyon the Proud 1340 - 1355553

IvanIIRed 1353 -1359

Dmitry Donskoy1359 –1389

BasilI1389 - 1425

BasilIIDark 1425 - 1462

IvanIII1462 - 1505

BasilIII1505 - 1533

IvanIVGrozny 1533 - 1584

Fedor Ivanovich 1584 - 1598

The end of the Rurik dynasty.

Time of Troubles.

1598 - 1613

Boris Godunov 1598 - 1605

False DmitryI1605 - 1606

Vasily Shuisky 1606 - 1610

"Seven Boyars" 1610 - 1613

Romanov dynasty.

1613 -1917

Rurik- according to the chronicle legend, the head of the Varangian military detachment, called by the Ilmen Slavs to reign together with the brothers Sineus and Truvor in Novgorod. Founder of the Rurik dynasty.

Oleg(? -912) - a relative of Rurik, Prince of Novgorod (from 879) and Kiev (from 882). In 907 he made a trip to Byzantium, in 907 and 911 he concluded agreements with her.

Igor(?—945) - the son of Rurik, Grand Duke Kiev from 912. In 941 and 944 he made trips to Byzantium, with which he concluded an agreement. Killed by the Drevlyans who Revolted during the collection of tribute.

• Children: Svyatoslav - see below
• Olga (? -969) - the wife of Prince Igor, grand duchess Kyiv. Rules in the early childhood of the son of Svyatoslav and during his campaigns. Suppressed the uprising of the Drevlyans. Around 957 adopted Christianity.

Svyatoslav(? -972) - son of Prince Igor, Grand Duke of Kiev. He made trips from 964 from Kyiv to the Oka, to the Volga region, to North Caucasus and the Balkans; liberated the Vyatichi from the power of the Khazars, fought with the Volga Bulgaria, defeated (965) the Khazar Khaganate, in 967 fought with Bulgaria on the Danube. In alliance with the Hungarians, Bulgarians and others, he waged the Russo-Byzantine war of 970–971. Strengthened the foreign policy position of the Kievan state. Killed by the Pechenegs at the Dnieper rapids.

• Children: Vladimir (see below)
• Oleg (?-977), Prince of Drevlyansky

Yaropolk(? -980), Prince of Kiev (since 972). He tried to subjugate the territories in the north and northeast of Rus', but was defeated by his younger brother Vladimir.

Vladimir(? -1015) - son of Prince Svyatoslav, Prince of Novgorod (since 969), Grand Duke of Kiev (since 980). He conquered the Vyatichi, Radimichi and Yotvingians; fought with the Pechenegs, Volga Bulgaria, Byzantium and Poland. Under him, defensive lines were built along the rivers Desna, Osetr, Trubezh, Sula and others, Kyiv was re-fortified and built up with stone buildings. In 988-989 he introduced Christianity as the state religion. Under Vladimir, the ancient Russian state entered its heyday, and the international prestige of Rus' increased. In Russian epics, the Red Sun is called. Canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church.

• Children: Boris (? -1015), Prince of Rostov. Killed by supporters of Svyatopolk. Canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church.
• Vsevolod, Prince of Vladimir-Volynsky
• Vysheslav, Prince of Novgorod

Gleb(7-I 0 I 5), Prince of Murom. Killed by order of Svyatopolk. Canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church

• Izyaslav (see below)

Mstislav(? -1O36), Prince Tmutarakansky (since 988) and Chernigov (since 1026). Conquered a number of Caucasian tribes. The struggle with Prince Yaroslav the Wise ended with the division of the state along the Dnieper River, which remained until the death of Mstislav.

Svyatoslav(?—1015), Prince Drevlyansky. Killed by order of Svyatopolk

Svyatopolk the Cursed(c. 980-1019), Prince of Turov (from 988) and Kiev (1015-1019). He killed three of his brothers and took possession of their destinies. Exiled by Yaroslav the Wise. In 1018, with the help of Polish and Pecheneg troops, he captured Kyiv, but was defeated.

• Stanislav
• Sudislav (?-1063)

Izyaslav(? -1001) - son of Prince Vladimir, Prince of Polotsk

• Children: Bryachislav (? -1044), Prince of Polotsk
• Grandchildren: Vseslav (? -1101), Prince of Polotsk
• Great-grandchildren: Gleb (? -1119), Prince of Minsk
• Great-great-grandchildren: Vladimir, Prince of Minsk
• Great-great-great-grandchildren: Vasily, Prince Logovsky
• Great-great-grandchildren: Vsevolod, Prince Izyaslavl

Rostislav, Prince of Polotsk

• Great-grandchildren: David, Prince of Polotsk
• Rogvolod (Boris), Prince of Polotsk
• Great-great-grandchildren: Vasily (Rogvolod), Prince of Polotsk
• Great-great-great-grandchildren: Gleb, Prince Drutsky
• Great-grandchildren: Roman (? -1116), Prince of Polotsk
• Rostislav (George)
• Svyatoslav, Prince of Polotsk
• Great-great-grandchildren: Vasilko, Prince of Polotsk
• Great-great-great-grandchildren: Bryachislav, Prince of Vitebsk
• Vseslav, Prince of Polotsk

Yaroslav the Wise(c. 978-1054) - son of Prince Vladimir, Grand Duke of Kiev (1019). He expelled Svyatopolk the Accursed, fought with his brother Mstislav, divided the state with him (1026), and in 1036 united it again. A number of victories secured the southern and western borders of Rus'. Established dynastic ties with many European countries. Under him, Russkaya Pravda was compiled.

• Children: Anastasia, Queen of Hungary
• Anna (c. 1024 - not earlier than 1075), wife (1049-1060) of the French king Henry I. The ruler of France in the infancy of her son - Philip I
• Vladimir (?-1052), Prince of Novgorod
• Grandchildren: Rostislav, Prince Tmutarakansky
• Great-grandchildren: Vasilko (? -1124), Prince Terebovskiy

Volodar(?—1124), Prince of Przemysl. He sought the independence of the Galician land from Kyiv. Using an alliance with the Polovtsians and Byzantium, together with his brother Vasilko, he successfully fought against the Hungarian and Polish feudal lords. He fought with the princes Svyatopolk Izyaslavich and David Igorevich. Established together with Vasilko in Terebovlya.

• Great-great-grandchildren: Vladimir (? -1152)
• Great-great-great-grandchildren: Yaroslav Osmomysl (? -I87), Prince of Galicia. Member of numerous feudal wars, campaigns against the Polovtsians and Hungarians. many international relations strengthened the Galician principality. He fought against the separatism of the boyars.
• Great-great-grandchildren: Rostislav
• Great-great-great-grandchildren: Ivan Berladnik (? -1162)
• Great-grandchildren: Rurik (?—1092), Prince Przemysl
• Children: Vsevolod (1030-1093), Prince Pereyaslavsky (from 1054), Chernigov (from 1077), Grand Duke of Kiev (from 1078). Together with the brothers Izyaslav and Svyatoslav, he fought against the Polovtsians.
• Grandchildren: Vladimir Monomakh (see below)
• Eupraxia (?-1109)

Rostislav(?—1093), Prince Pereyaslavsky

• Children: Vyacheslav (? -1057), Prince of Smolensk
• Grandchildren: Boris (? -1078), Prince Tmutarakansky
• Children: Elizabeth, Queen of Norway
• Igor (?—1060), Prince of Vladimir
• Grandchildren: David (? -1112), Prince of Vladimir-Volynsky
• Children: Izyaslav (1024-1078), Grand Duke of Kiev (1054-1068,1069-1073,1077-1078). He was expelled from Kyiv (by a popular uprising in 1068 and by his brothers in 1073), he returned power with the help of foreign troops.
• Grandchildren: Eupraxia, Queen of Poland
• Mstislav (?-1068)

Svyatopolk(1050-1113), Prince of Polotsk in 1069-1071, Novgorod in 1078-1088, Turov in 1088-1093, Grand Duke of Kiev from 1093. Hypocritical and cruel, incited princely civil strife; By oppressing the people, he prepared the uprising that broke out after his death in Kyiv.

• Great-grandchildren: Bryachislav (? -1127)
• Izyaslav (?-1127)
• Mstislav (?-1099)
• Yaroslav (? - 1123), Prince of Vladimir
• Great-great-grandchildren: Yuri (? -1162)
• Grandchildren: Yaropolk (? -1086), Prince Turovsky
• Great-grandchildren: Vyacheslav (? -1105)
• Yaroslav (? -1102), Prince of Brest
• Children: Ilya (? -1020)

Svyatoslav(1027-1076), Prince of Chernigov from 1054, Grand Duke of Kiev from 1073. Together with his brother Vsevolod, he defended the southern borders of Rus' from the Polovtsians and Turks

• Grandchildren: Gleb (? -1078), Prince of Novgorod and Tmutarakansky
• David (see below)
• Oleg Gorislavich (see below)
• Roman (?—1079), Prince Tmutarakansky
• Yaroslav (? -1129), Prince of Murom and Chernigov
• Davil Svyatoslavich (?—1123), grandson of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, Prince of Chernigov
• Children: Vladimir (? -1151), Prince of Chernigov
• Grandchildren: Svyatoslav (? -1166), Prince Vshchizhsky
• Children: Vsevolod (? -1124), Prince of Murom
• Izyaslav (?—1161), Grand Duke of Kiev
• Rostislav (?-1120)
• Svyatoslav (Svyatosha) (? -1142), Prince of Chernigov

Oleg Svyatoslavich(Gorislavich) (? -1115) - the grandson of Yaroslav the Wise. He reigned in the Rostov-Suzdal land, in Volhynia; having lost his possessions, he fled to Tmutarakan, twice captured Chernigov with the support of the Polovtsy, was captured by the Khazars, then in Byzantium in exile on Fr. Rhodes. In "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" he was nicknamed Gorislavich.

• Children: Vsevolod (? -1146), Prince of Chernigov (1127-1139), Grand Duke of Kiev (since 1139). Member of civil strife; brutally oppressed the people, which caused an uprising in Kyiv after his death.
• Grandchildren: Svyatoslav (? -1194), Grand Duke of Kiev
• Great-grandchildren: Vladimir (?—1201), Prince of Novgorod
• Vsevolod Chermny (?-1212)
• Great-great-grandchildren: Mikhail (1179-1246), Prince of Chernigov. In the 20s. several times he was a prince in Novgorod. From 1238 Grand Duke of Kyiv. During the offensive of the Mongol-Tatar troops, he fled to Hungary. Returned to Rus'; killed in the Golden Horde.
• Great-great-great-grandchildren: Rostislav (? -1249)
• Great-grandchildren: Gleb (? -1214)
• Great-great-grandchildren: Mstislav, Prince of Turov
• Great-grandchildren: Mstislav (?—1223), Prince of Chernigov
• Oleg (?—1204), Prince of Chernigov
• Great-great-grandchildren: David
• Grandchildren: Yaroslav (? -1198), Prince of Chernigov
• Great-grandchildren: Rostislav (?—1214), Prince Snovsky

Yaropolk

• Children: Vsevolod the Big Nest (1154-1212), Grand Duke of Vladimir. Successfully fought with the feudal nobility; subjugated Kyiv, Chernigov, Ryazan, Novgorod. During his reign, Vladimir-Suzdal Rus reached its peak. Had 12 children (hence the nickname).
• Grandchildren: Ivan (? -1239), Prince Starodubsky

Konstantin(1186-1219), Grand Duke of Vladimir (since 1216). In 1206-1207 he reigned in Novgorod. With the support of Prince Mstislav Mstislavich Udaly and the Novgorod-Pskov-Smolensk-Rostov common army, he defeated his brothers Yaroslav and Yuri in the Battle of Lipitsa (1216). He took away the grand-ducal table from Yuri.

• Great-grandchildren: Vasily (? -1238), Prince of Rostov
• Vladimir (? - 1249), Prince of Uglitsky
• Vsevolod (7-1238), Prince of Yaroslavl
• Grandchildren: Svyatoslav (? -1252)

Yuri (George)(1188-1238), Grand Duke of Vladimir (1212-1216 and from 1218). He was defeated in the Battle of Lipitsa (1216) and ceded the great reign to his brother Konstantin. In 1221 Nizhny Novgorod was founded; defeated and died in battle with the Mongol-Tatars on the river Sit.

• Great-grandchildren: Vladimir (? -1238)
• Vsevolod (?—1238), Prince of Novgorod
• Mstislav (?-1238)
• Grandchildren: Yaroslav (1191-1246). He reigned in Pereyaslavl, Galich, Ryazan, was invited and expelled several times by the Novgorodians; participant in feudal wars, was defeated in the Battle of Lipitsa (1216). In 1236-1238 he reigned in Kyiv, from 1238 the Grand Duke of Vladimir. Went twice to Golden Horde and also to Mongolia.
• Great-grandchildren: Alexander Nevsky (see below)
• Andrew (?—1264)
• Children: Gleb (? -1171), Prince Pereyaslavsky
• Ivan (? -1147), Prince of Kursk
• Michael (? -1176), Prince of Vladimir
• Mstislav, Prince of Novgorod
• Grandchildren: Yaroslav (7-1199), Prince Volokolamsky
• Children: Rostislav (7-1151), Prince Pereyaslavsky
• Grandchildren: Mstislav (? - 1178), Prince of Novgorod
• Great-grandchildren: Svyatoslav, Prince of Novgorod
• Grandchildren: Yaropolk (? -1196)
• Children: Svyatoslav (? -1174)
• Yaroslav (?-1166)