Presentation on the topic of ancient Greek sculpture. Prominent sculptors of ancient Greece

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sculptures Ancient Greece

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Discus thrower. 5th century BC e. Marble. The figure of "Discobolus" conveys a huge internal tension, which is restrained external forms sculptures, elastic closed lines outlining its silhouette. In the image of an athlete, Miron reveals a person's ability to take action.

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Poseidon, god of the sea (Statue of the 2nd century BC) The naked god of the sea with the body of a mighty athlete is represented at the moment when he throws his trident at the enemy. This is a great example high art bronze. In the 5th century BC e. bronze became a favorite material for sculptors, as its chased forms conveyed the beauty and perfection of proportions especially well. human body.

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Polykleitos

Spearman Poliklet embodied his ideal of an athlete-citizen in bronze sculpture young men with a spear, cast around 450-440 BC. e. The mighty naked athlete - Doryphorus - is depicted in a full and majestic pose. He holds a spear in his hand, which lies on his left shoulder, and the fledgling, turning its head, looks into the distance. It seems that the young man just leaned forward and stopped.

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Apollo Belvedere (330-320 BC) The statue depicts Apollo, the ancient Greek god of the sun and light, as a beautiful young man shooting from a bow.

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Diana of Versailles or Diana the Huntress (1st or 2nd century BC) Artemis is dressed in a Dorian chiton and himation. With her right hand, she is preparing to extract an arrow from her quiver, while her left hand is resting on the head of the deer accompanying her. The head is turned to the right, towards the likely prey. Now the sculpture is in the Louvre.

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Goddess Athena in 450-440. BC e. Cicero wrote about Phidias like this: “When he created Athena and Zeus, there was no earthly original in front of him, which he could use. But in his soul lived that prototype of beauty, which he embodied in matter. No wonder they say about Phidias that he created in a burst of inspiration, which elevates the spirit above everything earthly, in which the divine spirit is directly visible - this heavenly guest, in the words of Plato.

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Seated Zeus. In 435 BC. e. took place Grand opening statues. The thunderbolt's eyes sparkled brightly. It seemed that lightning was born in them. The whole head and shoulders of the god sparkled divine light. In order for the head and shoulders of the Thunderer to sparkle, he ordered a rectangular pool to be cut at the foot of the statue. Olive oil was poured over the water in it: a stream of light from the doors falls on a dark oily surface, and the reflected rays rush upward, illuminating the shoulders and head of Zeus. There was a complete illusion that this light is pouring from God to people. It was said that the Thunderer himself descended from heaven in order to pose for Phidias.

Sculpture of the archaic: Kora - girls in
chitons.
Embodied the ideal
female beauty;
Looks like one
other: curly
hair, mysterious
smile, expression
sophistication.
Bark. 6th century BC

GREEK SCULPTURE CLASSICS

GREEK SCULPTURE
CLASSICS
End of the 5th-4th century. BC e. - a period of turbulent spiritual life of Greece,
formation of the idealistic ideas of Socrates and Plato in
philosophy that developed in the fight against materialistic
philosophy of Democritus, the time of addition and new forms
Greek visual arts. In sculpture to replace
masculinity and severity of images of strict classics comes
interest in peace of mind human, and in plastic finds
reflection is more complex and less rectilinear
characteristic.

Greek sculptors of the classical period:

Polykleitos
Myron
Scopas
Praxiteles
Lysippos
Leohar

Polykleitos

The works of Polikleitos became
a real hymn to greatness
and spiritual power of Man.
Favorite image -
slender young man
athletic
physique. It doesn't have
nothing extra,
"nothing beyond measure"
spiritual and physical
appearance is harmonious.
Polykleitos.
Doryfor (spearman).
450-440 BC Roman copy.
National Museum. Naples

Doryphorus has a difficult posture,
different from static posture
ancient kouros. Polykleitos
was the first to think of giving
figures such a setting,
that they rely on
lower part of only one
legs. In addition, the figure
seems to move and
lively thanks to
that the horizontal axes are not
parallel (the so-called chiasm).
"Dorifor" (Greek δορυφόρος - "Spear-bearer") - one
of the most famous statues antiquity, embodies
so-called Canon of Polikleitos.

Canon of Polykleitos

Doryfor is not an image of a specific athlete-
winner, but an illustration of the canons of a male figure.
Polykleitos set out to accurately determine the proportions
human figure, according to their ideas about
perfect beauty. These proportions are with each other in
digital ratio.
"They even assured that Poliklet performed it on purpose, in order to
so that other artists use her as a model", wrote
contemporary.
The composition of the Canon itself had a great influence on
European culture, despite the fact that from the theoretical
Only two fragments of the work have survived.

Canon of Polykleitos

If you recalculate the proportions of this
Ideal Man for Height 178
see, the parameters of the statue will be as follows:
1. volume of the neck - 44 cm,
2.chest - 119,
3.biceps - 38,
4.waist - 93,
5. forearms - 33,
6. wrist - 19,
7. buttocks - 108,
8. hips - 60,
9.knee - 40,
10. lower legs - 42,
11. ankles - 25,
12. feet - 30 cm.

Polykleitos

"Wounded Amazon"

Myron

Myron - Greek
sculptor of the middle of the 5th century.
BC e. era sculptor,
previous
directly
the heyday
Greek art
(to. VI - early V century)
Embodied the ideals of strength and
beauty of Man.
was the first master
complex bronze
castings.
Miron. Discus thrower.450 BC
Roman copy. National Museum, Rome

Miron. "Discus thrower"
The ancients characterize Myron as
the greatest realist and expert in anatomy,
who, however, did not know how to give persons
life and expression. He portrayed the gods
heroes and animals, and with a special
reproduced the difficult ones with love,
transient postures.
His most famous work
"Discobolus", an athlete who intends
let the disc, - a statue that has come down to
of our time in several copies, from
of which the best is made of marble and
located in the Massami Palace in Rome.

"Discobolus" Miron in the Botanical Garden of Copenhagen

Discus thrower. Myron

Sculptures of Scopas

Skopas (420 - c. 355 BC), a native of the island of Paros,
rich in marble. Unlike Praxiteles Scopas
continued the traditions of high classics, creating images
monumental and heroic. But from the images of the 5th century. their
distinguishes the dramatic tension of all spiritual forces.
Passion, pathos, strong movement are the main features
the art of Scopas.
Also known as an architect, participated in the creation
relief frieze for the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus.

Sculptures of Scopas
In a state of ecstasy
violent outburst of passion
depicted by Scopas
Maenad. God's Companion
Dionysus is shown in
swift dance, her
head tilted back
hair fell to the shoulders
body is curved
presented in complex
foreshortening, folds short
chiton emphasize
violent movement. IN
difference from the sculpture of the 5th century.
Maenad Scopas
already designed for
view from all sides.
Scopas. Maenad

sculptural
creations
Scopas
Also known as
architect, participated in
creating relief
frieze for
Halicarnassus
mausoleum.
Scopas. Battle with the Amazons

Praxiteles

Born in Athens (ca.
390 - 330 BC.)
inspirational singer
female beauty.

sculptural creations
Praxiteles
Statue of Aphrodite of Knidos
first in Greek art
nude image
female figure. The statue stood
on the coast of the Knidos peninsula, and
contemporaries wrote about
real pilgrimages here,
to admire the beauty
goddess preparing to enter the water
and shedding her clothes on
vase next to it.
The original statue has not survived.
Praxiteles. Aphrodite of Knidos

Sculptures of Praxiteles

In the only one that has come down to us in
original marble sculptor Praxiteles
statue of Hermes (patron of trade and
travelers, as well as a messenger, "courier"
gods) the master depicted a beautiful young man, in
a state of calm and serenity. Thoughtfully
he looks at the infant Dionysus, whom
holds in his arms. In place of the courageous
the beauty of an athlete comes the beauty of a few
feminine, graceful, but also more
soulful. On the statue of Hermes
traces of ancient coloring have been preserved: red-brown hair, silver
bandage.
Praxiteles.
Hermes. Around 330 BC e.

sculptural creations
Praxiteles

Lysippus

Great sculptor of the 4th c. BC.
(370-300 BC).
He worked in bronze, because. sought
capture images in
fleeting impulse.
Left behind 1500
bronze statues, including
colossal figures of the gods,
heroes, athletes. They are inherent
pathos, inspiration,
emotionality
The original has not come down to us.
court sculptor
Marble copy of the head of A. Macedonian
A.Macedonsky

In this sculpture
amazing craftsmanship
conveyed passion
duel of Hercules with a lion.
Lysippos.
Hercules fighting a lion.
4th century BC
Roman copy
Hermitage, St. Petersburg

Sculptures of Lysippus

Lysippus tried his best
bring your images closer to
reality.
So, he showed athletes not in
moment of highest tension
forces, and, as a rule, at the moment of their
recession, after the match. Exactly
this is how his Apoxyomenos is represented,
cleaning off the sand
sports fight. He is tired
face, hair matted with sweat.
Lysippos. Apoxyomenos. Roman copy, 330 BC

Sculptures of Lysippus

captivating Hermes,
always fast and
alive too
represented by Lysippos
as if able
extreme fatigue,
briefly crouched
on the stone and ready in
next second
run on in your
winged sandals.
Lysippos. "Resting Hermes"

Sculptures of Lysippus

Lysippus created his canon
human body proportions
by which his figures are higher and
slimmer than Polikleitos
(head size is 1/9
figures).
Lysippos. "Hercules of Farnese"

Leohar

His creativity is
great try
capture a classic
ideal of human beauty.
In his works, no
only the perfection of images,
and skill and technique
execution.
Apollo is considered one of
the best works
Antiquity.
Leohar. Apollo Belvedere.
4th century BC Roman copy. Vatican Museums

sculptural
masterpieces of the era
Hellenism

Greek sculpture

So in Greek sculpture expressiveness of the image
consisted in the whole body of a person, his movements, and not
in just one face. Despite the fact that many
Greek statues did not retain their upper part
(as, for example, Nika of Samothrace or
"Nika untying her sandals"
came to us without a head, but we forget about it,
looking at the integral plastic solution of the image.
Since the soul and body were conceived by the Greeks in
inseparable unity, then the bodies of Greek statues
unusually inspired.

Nike of Samothrace

The statue was placed on the occasion
victories of the Macedonian fleet over
Egyptian in 306 BC. e.
The goddess was depicted as
on the prow of the ship, heralding
victory with the sound of the trumpet.
The pathos of victory is expressed in
swift movement of the goddess,
in the sweep of her wings.
Nike of Samothrace
2nd century BC
Louvre, Paris
Marble

Nike of Samothrace

Nika untying her sandal

Goddess depicted
unleashing
sandal before
how to enter the temple
Marble. Athens

Venus de Milo

April 8, 1820 Greek peasant
from the island of Melos named Iorgos, digging
ground, felt his shovel,
muffled tinkling, bumped into something
hard.
Iorgos dug nearby - the same result.
He took a step back, but even here there was no spade.
wanted to enter the earth.
First Iorgos saw a stone niche.
She was about four or five meters
width. In a stone crypt he, to his
surprise, found a marble statue.
This was Venus.
Agesander. Venus de Milo.
Louvre. 120 BC

Laocoön with
sons
Agesander,
Athenodorus,
Polydor

Laocoon and his sons

Laocoon, you didn't save anyone!
Neither the city nor the world is a savior.
Powerless mind. Proud Three Mouth
a foregone conclusion; circle of fateful events
closed in a suffocating crown
snake rings. Horror on the face
the pleading and groans of your child;
the other son was silenced by the poison.
Your fainting. Your wheeze: "Let me be..."
(...Like the bleating of sacrificial lambs
Through the haze and piercingly and subtly!..)
And again - reality. And poison. They are stronger!
In the snake's mouth powerfully rage blazes...
Laocoon, and who heard you?!
Here are your boys... They... are not breathing.
But in each Troy they are waiting for their horses.

Stages of development ancient Greek sculpture: archaic, classical, Hellenistic.

Archaic period - kouros and kora. Sculptural canons Polykleitos and Myron. "Dorifor", "Discobolus" is a hymn to the greatness and spiritual power of Man. sculptural creations

Scopas and Prixiteles - "Maenad", Aphrodite of Knidos. Lysippus the master late classic. Agesander-Laocoön, Venus de Milo.

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Shaikhieva Nadezhda Ivanovna, teacher of fine arts, MOBU secondary school No. 3 named after Y. Gagarinag. Taganrog Rostov region
Stages of development of ancient Greek sculpture:Archaic ClassicsHellenism
KORA (from the Greek kore - girl), 1) the ancient Greeks had the cult name of the goddess Persephone. 2) In ancient Greek art, a statue of an upright girl in long clothes. KOUROS - in the art of ancient Greek archaism, a statue of a young athlete (usually naked).
Sculptures of kouros
-The height of the statue is up to 3 meters; -They embodied the ideal of male beauty, strength and health; -The figure of an upright young man with his leg extended forward, his hands clenched into fists and extended along the body. -Faces are devoid of individuality; -Exhibited in public places, near temples;
Sculptures kor
- Embodied sophistication and sophistication; - Poses are monotonous and static; - Chitons and cloaks with beautiful patterns from parallel wavy lines and a border around the edges; - The hair is curled into ringlets and intercepted by diadems. -On the face enigmatic smile
1. A hymn to the greatness and spiritual power of Man; 2. Favorite image - a slender young man with an athletic physique; 3. Spiritual and physical appearance are harmonious, there is nothing superfluous, "nothing beyond measure."
Sculptor Polikleitos. Doryphorus (5th century BC)
CHIASMUS, in fine art, an image of a standing human figure leaning on one leg: in this case, if the right shoulder is raised, then the right thigh is lowered, and vice versa.
Ideal proportions of the human body:
The head is 1/7 of the total height; The face and hands are 1/10 of the foot - 1/6 of the
Sculptor Miron. Disco thrower. (5th century BC)
The first attempt of Greek sculpture to break the captivity of immobility.
4th century BC1. Strived for the transfer of vigorous action; 2. They conveyed the feelings and experiences of a person: - passion - sadness - daydreaming - falling in love - fury - despair - suffering - grief
Maenad. 4th c. BC.
Scopas (420-355 BC)
Head of a wounded warrior.
Battle of the Greeks with the Amazons. Relief detail from the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus.
Praxiteles (390 -330 BC)
He entered the history of sculpture as an inspired singer of female beauty. According to legend, Praxiteles created two statues of Aphrodite, depicting the goddess dressed on one of them, and naked on the other. Aphrodite in clothes was purchased by the inhabitants of the island of Kos, and the naked one was installed on one of the main squares of the island of Knidos.
Lysippos. Head of Alexander the Great circa 330 BC
Lysippos. Hercules fighting a lion. About 330s. BC..
Lysippos. "Resting Hermes". 2nd half of the 4th c. BC e.
Leohar
Leohar. "Apollo Belvedere". Middle 4th c. BC e.
In sculpture: 1. Excitement and tension of faces; 2. A whirlwind of feelings and experiences in images; 3. Dreaminess of images; 4. Harmonic perfection and solemnity
Nike of Samothrace. Beginning of the 2nd c. BC. Louvre, Paris
At the hour of my nocturnal delirium You appear before my eyes - Samothracian Victory With outstretched arms. Frightening the silence of the night, Gives rise to dizziness Your winged, blind, Unstoppable aspiration. being able.
Agesander. Venus (Aphrodite) de Milo. 120 BC Marble.
Agesander. "The Death of Laocoön and His Sons". Marble. Around 50 BC e.
http://history.rin.ru/text/tree/128.html
http://about-artart.livejournal.com/543450.html
http://spbfoto.spb.ru/foto/details.php?image_id=623
http://historic.ru/lostcivil/greece/art/statue.shtml

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

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Get to know the culture of Ancient Greece. Help appreciate beauty artistic images ancient Greek myths. Awaken the desire to meet other myths....

Synopsis of the extracurricular event "Greece. Myths of ancient Greece"

Introduce students to Greek culture. To help pupils appreciate the beauty of the artistic images of ancient Greek myths. Awaken the desire to get to know other myths....

"Sculpture of Ancient Greece"- a presentation that introduces the greatest monuments ancient greek art, with the creations of outstanding sculptors of antiquity, whose heritage has not lost its significance for world artistic culture and continues to delight art lovers and serve as a model for the work of painters and sculptors.

Sculpture of Ancient Greece

“Kneel before Phidias and Michelangelo, admiring the divine clarity of the first and the severe anxiety of the second. Rapture is a noble wine for lofty minds. … A powerful inner impulse is always guessed in a beautiful sculpture. This is the secret ancient art". Auguste Rodin

The presentation consists of 35 slides. It presents illustrations that introduce the art of archaism, classics and Hellenism, with the most outstanding creations of the great sculptors: Myron, Polykleitos, Praxiteles, Phidias and others. Why is it so important to introduce students to ancient Greek sculpture?

The super-task of the lessons of world art culture, in my opinion, is not so much to acquaint children with the history of art, with outstanding monuments of world art culture, but to awaken in them a sense of beauty, which, in fact, distinguishes man from animal.

It is the art of Ancient Greece and, above all, sculpture, that serves as a model of beauty for the European look. The great German enlightener of the 18th century, Gotthold Evraim Lessing, wrote that the Greek artist depicted nothing but beauty. The masterpieces of Greek art always amazed and delighted, in all eras, including our atomic age.

In my presentation, I tried to show how the idea of ​​beauty, the perfection of a human being was embodied by artists from archaic to Hellenistic.

Presentations will also introduce you to the art of Ancient Greece:

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Outstanding sculptors of Ancient Hellas
Presentation MHC lesson prepared by the teacher Petrova M.G. MBOU "Gymnasium", Arzamas

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The purpose of the lesson
form an idea of ​​the development of sculpture in ancient Greece by comparing masterpieces different stages its development; introduce students to the greatest sculptors Ancient Greece; develop the skills of analyzing works of sculpture, logical thinking based on comparative analysis works of art; to cultivate a culture of perception of works of art.

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Actualization of students' knowledge
What is the main thesis of ancient Greek art? What does the word "Acropolis" mean? -Where is the most famous Greek Acropolis? In what century was it rebuilt? -Name the ruler of Athens at that time. -Who supervised the construction work? -List the names of the temples that are on the Acropolis. -What is the name of the main entrance, who is its architect? Who is the Parthenon dedicated to? Name the architects. - What is the famous portico with a sculptural image of women carrying a ceiling that adorns the Erechtheion? -What statues that once adorned the Acropolis do you know?

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ancient greek sculpture
There are many glorious forces in nature, But there is nothing more glorious than man. Sophocles
Problem statement. - How was the fate of ancient Greek sculpture? - How was the problem of beauty and the problem of man solved in Greek sculpture? - From what and to what did the Greeks come?

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Check out the table
Names of sculptors Names of monuments Features creative manner
Archaic (VII-VI centuries BC) Archaic (VII-VI centuries BC) Archaic (VII-VI centuries BC)
Kuros Kora
Classical period (V-IV centuries BC) Classical period (V-IV centuries BC) Classical period (V-IV centuries BC)
Myron
Polykleitos
Late Classic (400-323 BC - turn of the 4th century BC) Late Classic (400-323 BC - turn of the 4th century BC) Late Classic (400 -323 BC - turn of the 4th century BC)
Scopas
Praxiteles
Lysippus
Hellenism (III-I centuries BC) Hellenism (III-I centuries BC) Hellenism (III-I centuries BC)
Agesander

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Archaic
Kouros. 6th century BC
Bark. 6th century BC
The immobility of postures, the stiffness of movements, the "archaic smile" on the faces, the connection with Egyptian sculpture.

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classical period
Miron. Discus thrower. 5th century BC
Miron was an innovator in solving the problem of movement in sculpture. He depicted not the Disco Thrower movement itself, but a brief break, an instantaneous stop between two powerful movements: a backswing and throwing the whole body and disk forward. The face of the discus thrower is calm and static. There is no individualization of the image. statue embodied perfect image human citizen.

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Compare
Chiasmus is a sculptural technique for conveying hidden movement at rest. Polikleitos in the "Canon" determined the ideal proportions of a person: head - 17 height, face and hand - 110, foot - 16.
Miron. Discus thrower
Polykleitos. Doryphorus

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late classic
Scopas. Maenad. 335 BC e. Roman copy.
Interest in internal state person. Expression of strong, passionate feelings. Drama. Expression. Image of vigorous movement.

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Praxiteles
statue of Aphrodite of Knidos. It was the first depiction of a female figure in Greek art.

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Lysippus developed a new plastic canon, in which individualization and psychologization of images appear.
Lysippos. Alexander the Great
Apoxyomenos

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Compare
"Apoxiomen" - dynamic pose, elongated proportions; new canon head=1/8 of total height
Polykleitos. Doryphorus
Lysippos. Apoxyomenos

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plastic study

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How the problem of beauty and the problem of man were solved in Greek sculpture. From what and to what did the Greeks come?
Conclusion. Sculpture has gone from primitive forms to ideal proportions. From generalization to individualism. Man is the main creation of nature. Types of sculpture are varied: relief (flat sculpture); small plastic; round sculpture.

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Homework
1. Complete the table on the topic of the lesson. 2. Compose questions for the test work. 3. Write an essay "What is the greatness of ancient sculpture?"

slide 16

Bibliography.
1. Yu.E. Galushkin "World Artistic Culture". - Volgograd: Teacher, 2007. 2. T.G. Grushevskaya “Dictionary of the MHK” - Moscow: “Academy”, 2001. 3. Danilova G.I. World art culture. From the origins to the 17th century. Textbook grade 10. - M.: Bustard, 2008 4. E.P. Lvova, N.N. Fomina “World Artistic Culture. From its origin to the 17th century” Essays on history. – M.: Peter, 2007. 5. L. Lyubimov “Art Ancient World” - M .: Education, 1980. 6. World art culture in modern school. Recommendations. Reflections. Observations. Scientific and methodical collection. - St. Petersburg: Nevsky Dialect, 2006. 7. A.I. Nemirovsky. “A book to read on the history of the ancient world”