Learning to love mother's love building a fairy tale. Mother's love fairy tale

Explains in an interesting way the important role of magical folk tales in psychological development the child and the formation of his personality, the author M. Maksimov in his book “Not only love”.

For thousands of years, peoples have been passing fairy tales to children from generation to generation ... So, this is not just like that and is needed for something ...
According to the author, personality development does not occur gradually, but in leaps: you need to go through the prescribed stages, climbing the stairs. Each step is "served" by the corresponding tale needed to climb the next step.
Fairy tales are necessary for the formation of a healthy psychologically stable personality.
In India, people are very attentive to the inner, spiritual life of a person, so the fairy tale is used there as a therapeutic tool. Here comes the patient to the doctor. The doctor listens to his complaints and prescribes him ... a fairy tale. Sit and meditate for three months on the Indian Little Red Riding Hood. And then you will come, and I will close the ballot for you.
Bruno Bettelheim (a pediatrician who spent 1.5 years in Nazi concentration camps and treated children with mental trauma) saw, firstly, that the child’s attitude to the corresponding fairy tale helps to recognize the nature of the psychological trauma he received in the family, and secondly, and this most importantly, the child, working on a fairy tale, heals his spiritual wounds. A FAIRY TALE HELPS A CHILD TO PUT ORDER IN HIS SOUL.
In addition, each time when reading a fairy tale, depending on the age and state of mind, the child extracts from it something special that he needs now.

RECONCILIATION OF CONTRADICTING FEELINGS.
An adult knows how to curb his instincts and reconcile his conflicting feelings, he has a clear boundary between ideal world and real. The child is torn apart by contradictions: love and hate, fear and thirst for exploits. The world for him it is a forest with evil and good spirits, wolves, wood goblins and firebirds. And in order to put things in order in this chaos of feelings, a fairy tale comes to the rescue. In it, every fear can be imagined as a suitable fairy tale character and in these concrete images to see the elusive movements of your feelings, follow their collision, understand their purpose and learn how to manage them. The child begins to compose fairy tales himself, to put the characters he needs in the most incredible, newly invented situations. Can lose in a fairy tale what worries him in this moment thus mastering the problem before him.
As adults, it is also important for us to speak out when something is bothering us. We care about the process of storytelling. We are putting into words something amorphous and changeable that worries us now. And we put things in order in our soul.
But the child's intellect is still very weak, the child is not yet ready to discuss, he can only play with what is going on inside him. And the fairy tale makes it easy to play, because there are no halftones in it: the hero is either good or bad. Therefore, it is easy for a child to “stick” his confused feelings on fairy-tale characters. Fairy-tale heroes express their feelings through actions and deeds. If it's scary, he runs; if it's bitter, he cries. The feeling of security, warmth and satiety is home. The feeling of abandonment, powerlessness, fear is a forest. The personality of the hero is transformed through death and rebirth, emergence from the womb of an animal, rebirth with the help of drops of living water, purification in cauldrons of boiling milk, and so on.
Fairy-tale transformations greatly help the child to master the conflicting feelings that he experiences at the same time for his mother or father. When a child perceives his father as a rival in the struggle for his mother's love, he naturally feels hatred and a desire to destroy him. But to realize hatred for one's own father is very scary, because the father is protection and support. This split personality is painful for the child. Fairy tales help to understand this (father and dragon, mother and stepmother, etc.).

SUPPORT.
Very often the hero is helped (impossible tasks are solved for him) magic items, magical animals or good wizards. To a child, much of what adults can do seems fantastic and impossible tasks. He understands that he cannot cope without the help of adults. And in the fairy tale, he also needs support, which magical helpers just provide.
Ivanushka the Fool is one of the most common heroes among all peoples. Children like to identify with him, the youngest, stupidest and most helpless of all brothers, because the children themselves seem helpless to themselves. And the fact that in all fairy tales Ivanushka the Fool eventually wins everyone gives the child confidence that when he grows up, he can do it all.

SELF CONFIDENCE.
Fairytale kings are people whom no one can ever order anything from. A child who is under the "onslaught" of parental care and guardianship, just imagines an adult as such a "king". And in a fairy tale, the child draws for himself the confidence that even now he is Ivan the Fool, but then he will definitely become a king, although he may have to experience many misfortunes along the way, and maybe even die and be reborn again as a king.

Fairy tales are a necessary element of a child's spiritual food. plunging into fairy world, the child plunges into the depths of his soul, in which chaos is happening, gets acquainted there with various characters of his psyche, masters this information. And when he returns to real world, then feels more confident that he can cope both with himself and with life's difficulties. It is important for a child to have an active, well-developed imagination, the ability to freely, without fear of dangers and adventures, to improvise. To achieve this, he needs a lot of fairy tales. What does it mean when a child asks to read the same fairy tale for a whole month every day? This means that he now has some kind of serious problem, a wound in his soul, and a fairy tale for him is a medicine that heals this wound. Until the wound heals, he needs a fairy tale.

Fairy tales are an integral part of childhood. There is hardly a person who, being small, did not listen to many of the most different stories. Having matured, he retells them to his children, who understand them in their own way, drawing images in their imagination. acting characters and experiencing the emotions that the tale conveys.

What are fairy tales? These are the questions we will try to answer next.

Definition

According to the scientific definition in the literature, a fairy tale is an "epic literary genre, a narrative about any magical or adventurous events that has a clear structure: beginning, middle and ending. "The reader must learn some lesson, morality from any fairy tale. Depending on the type, the fairy tale also performs other functions. There are many classifications genre.

The main types of fairy tales

What are fairy tales? Each of us agrees that separate view It is worth highlighting fairy tales about animals. The second type is fairy tales. And finally, there are the so-called household tales. All species have their own characteristics, which become clear through their comparative analysis. Let's try to understand each of them in more detail.

What are animal stories?

The existence of such stories is quite justified, because animals are creatures that live with us in close proximity. It is this fact that has influenced folk art uses images of animals, and the most diverse: both wild and domestic. At the same time, attention should be paid to the fact that the animals found in fairy tales are presented not as typical animals, but as special animals endowed with human features. They live, communicate and behave like real people. Such artistic techniques make it possible to make the image understandable and interesting, while filling it with a certain meaning.

In turn, animal tales can also be divided into tales involving wild or domestic animals, objects or objects of inanimate nature. Often literary critics, speaking about what genres of fairy tales are, classify them into magical, cumulative and satirical. Also included in this classification is the genre of the fable. You can divide fairy tales about animals into works for children and for adults. Often in a fairy tale there is a person who can play a dominant or secondary role.

Usually children get acquainted with fairy tales about animals at the age of three to six years. They are most understandable to young readers, as they meet with constant characters: a cunning fox, a cowardly hare, gray wolf, smart cat and so on. As a rule, the main feature of each animal is its characteristic feature.

What are the constructions of fairy tales about animals? The answer is very different. Cumulative fairy tales, for example, are selected according to the principle of plot connection, where the same characters meet, just in different circumstances. Often stories have names in a diminutive form (Fox-Sister, Bunny-Runner, Frog-Quakushka, and so on).

The second kind is a fairy tale

What are literary tales about magic? The main characteristic feature of this species is the magical, fantastic world in which the main characters live and act. The laws of this world are different from the usual, everything is not as it really is, which attracts young readers and makes this type of fairy tale undoubtedly the most beloved among children. The magical environment and plot allows the author to use all his imagination and use as many relevant artistic techniques, in order to create a work specifically for a children's audience. It is no secret that children's imagination is limitless, and it is very, very difficult to satisfy it.

In most cases, this type of fairy tale has a typical plot, certain characters and happy ending. What are fairy tales about magic? It can be stories about heroes and fantasy creatures, tales of unusual objects and various trials that are overcome thanks to magic. As a rule, in the finale, the characters get married and live happily ever after.

Note that the heroes of fairy tales embody many of the main themes of this literary genre - the struggle between good and evil, the struggle for love, truth and other ideals. It must be present which will be defeated in the final. The structure of the fairy tale is the usual - the beginning, the main part and the ending.

Household fairy tales

These stories are about events. ordinary life, illuminating various social problems and human characters. In them, the author ridicules negative ones. Such tales are social and satirical, with elements fairy tale and many others. Here are ridiculed negative qualities rich and vain people, while the representatives of the people embody positive features. Everyday fairy tales show that the main thing is not money and strength, but kindness, honesty and intelligence. Literary critics claim - and this is a fact - that they were written at a time when people were going through social crises and were striving to change the structure of society. Among the popular artistic techniques, satire, humor, and laughter stand out here.

What types of fairy tales are there?

In addition to the above classification, fairy tales are also divided into author's and folk. Already from the names it is clear that author's are fairy tales that were written by a specific well-known storyteller, and folk are those that do not have one author. Folk tales are passed from mouth to mouth from generation to generation, and the original author is no one. Let's consider each of the types separately.

Folk tales

Folk tales are rightfully considered a powerful source historical facts, information about the life and social structure of a certain people. Each of the peoples in their history has come up with a huge number of instructive stories for adults and children, passing on their experience and wisdom to the next generations.

Folk tales also reflect the change moral principles, show that the basic values ​​remain unchanged, teach to draw a clear line between good and evil, joy and sorrow, love and hate, truth and falsehood.

A feature of folk tales is that in a simple and easy readable text hides the deepest social meaning. In addition, they save wealth vernacular. Which folk tales happen? They can be both magical and household. Many folk tales tell about animals.

The question often arises of when the first Russian folk tale was invented. This will surely remain a mystery, and one can only speculate. It is believed that the first "heroes" of fairy tales were natural phenomena - the Sun, the Moon, the Earth, and so on. Later, they began to obey man, and images of people and animals entered the tales. There is an assumption that all Russian folk narratives have a real basis. In other words, some event was retold in the form of a fairy tale, changed over the centuries and came to us in the form to which we are accustomed. What are Russian folk tales, figured out. It's time to talk about fairy tales whose authors are well known to readers.

Author's tales

Usually the author's work is a subjective processing folk story, however, and new stories are quite common. Character traits author's fairy tale- psychologism, lofty speech, bright characters, the use of fairy tale clichés.

Another feature of this genre is that it can be read at different levels. Thus, the same story is perceived differently by representatives of different age groups. Charles Perrault's children's tales seem to a child an innocent story, while an adult will find serious problems and morals in them. Often, books that are originally aimed at a young reader are interpreted by adults in their own way, just as fantasy stories for adults are to the taste of children.

Who are the storytellers? Surely everyone has heard of "The Tales of My Mother Goose" by Charles Perrault, the tales of the Italian Gozzi, the works German writer Brothers Grimm and Danish storyteller Hans Christian Andersen. We must not forget about the Russian poet Alexander Pushkin! Their stories are adored by children and adults around the world. Entire generations grow up on these fairy tales. At the same time, all author's works are interesting from the point of view of literary criticism, they all fall under a certain classification, have their own artistic features and copyright techniques. According to the most famous and beloved fairy tales, films and cartoons are made.

Conclusion

So, we figured out what fairy tales are. Whatever the fairy tale is - author's, folk, social, magical or telling about animals - it will definitely teach the reader something. The most interesting thing is that it does not matter at all who reads the story. Both adults and children will definitely learn something useful from it. The fairy tale will make everyone think, convey the wisdom of the people (or the author) and leave an indelible good impression in the minds of readers. The effect is by no means exaggerated. There are even so-called therapeutic tales who are able to re-educate and wean from a variety of bad habits!

11.03.2016

A fairy tale, like any other literary genre, has a clear structure. If you follow it, then you will easily succeed entertaining story for children and adults. And the well-known linguist V. Ya. Propp developed a model for constructing magical stories. Based on his writings, we can say that the structure of the tale is based on the following rules:

1. The main and invariable element is the functions or actions of the main characters. They connect the storylines. A novice storyteller needs to remember that all the actions of the characters should influence the course of history. Otherwise, they are simply not needed.
2. The number of functions is limited. Propp singled out only 31 actions, known to the world fairy tale.
3. The sequence of functions is the same regardless of the storyline.


In a fairy tale, there are only 7 roles for characters. These are: the sender, the princess or her father, the hero, the false hero, the helper, the giver and the antagonist. However, all the characters involved can transform and change roles.

The structure of a folk tale: details

Any magical story begins with a preparatory part. Here are the possible options:
1. Absence. One of the characters leaves, goes to war, etc.
2. Prohibition. The hero receives some indication. For example, do not go off the trail or do not enter the room.
3. Violation. The hero forgets about the ban.
4. Finding out. The antagonist is trying to get information.
5. Issuance of information.
6. Trick. Actor trying on himself new image. As an example, we can recall how the Wolf imitated the voice of the Mother Goat.
7. Aiding. The hero performs an action with the participation of another character (for example, eats poisoned food).
8. Initial trouble or shortage. The hero disappears or falls ill, the princess is kidnapped, and so on.
The preparatory part is followed by a tie. In the structure of a fairy tale, it is expressed by the following functions:
1. Mediation. The hero receives information or guidance from another character.
2. Beginning resistance. Main character receives permission to "try his luck" in an action unusual for him.
3. Sending. The hero is on his way.


The main part involves the appearance of the donor. Establishing contact with him requires a reaction on the part of the hero. Then he receives a magical remedy (potion, horse, magic phrase, etc.). Together with the gift, the hero moves to another kingdom. Here he is sure to face struggle and stigmatization (obtaining special sign, by which it can always be recognized). After the victory of the hero, the shortage from the preparatory part is eliminated: the king recovers, the king-maiden comes out of the dungeon. Then the hero returns home. At this stage, the pursuit and salvation from it is possible.

Sometimes a fairy tale can continue with an additional line. A false hero is already at work in it. He commits sabotage (steals prey, for example) and the real hero is again forced to set off and find a new magical remedy. The following functions are possible here:
1. Secret arrival in your hometown.
2. Another character claims to win the hero.
3. The hero is given a difficult task.
4. Search for a solution.
5. Recognition of the hero by other characters.
6. Reproof, or revealing the truth.
7. Transfiguration. The hero changes due to some action. For example, bathes in a magical spring and becomes more beautiful than before.
8. Punishment of the guilty.
9. Wedding or accession.

The fairy tale does not have to contain all the described functions. A magical story is a puzzle that you can collect as your heart desires. If you prepare cards with functions in advance, then you can “collect” a fairy tale with your child. For clarity, be sure to take the playing field on which mark the plot parts, for example, the plot, a special circumstance (ban, illness, etc.), the test and the appearance of an assistant, the victory of the hero, the punishment of the guilty, and a happy instructive ending. And then add other features to the story sections as you write the story as you go.

Features of a fairy tale

Previously, fabulous images were scooped from myths. Therefore, magical stories are universal for any nation. They are based on primitive ideas about the world, and most of the constructive elements were born from the idea of ​​\u200b\u200binitiation and reflections on other world. Initially, fairy tales rarely had a happy ending. Such a denouement became possible when the roles of helper and giver appeared.


According to the fairy tale, it is easy to determine how people lived, what they dreamed about and what they were afraid of. She always reflects existing traditions. So, in one of the first versions of Little Red Riding Hood, the girl ate the remains of her grandmother. The very mention of this refers us to the time when cannibalism was not yet a strict taboo. And in the girl's basket there could be not only pies and a pot of butter, but also a bottle of wine, fresh fish and a whole head of young cheese. A beginner storyteller should pay attention to this. A good story has familiar cultural codes. The more understandable Magic world, the closer the narrative and the more effective it is.

The main goal of a fairy tale is to convey knowledge. It has not lost its educational component even today. But it's very important that didactic material was hidden deep. The child should not guess that he is being taught. This the most important feature fabulous story.

Knowing the structure of a folk tale, you can easily create your own stories. You can do this not only to entertain the child, but also to answer his most difficult questions.

We have created more than 300 costless fairy tales on the Dobranich website. It is pragmatic to remake the splendid contribution to sleep at the homeland ritual, the recurrence of turbot and warmth.Would you like to support our project? Let's be vigilant, with new strength we will continue to write for you!

Mother's love.

Little Dragon is lost on the big planet. He cried and looked for his parents. He asked everyone he met, but when they saw a real dragon, everyone fled from him in fear. And the Little Dragon was very kind, he even helped his mother to clean the cave, helped his father spread his wings when he flew over the seas to protect the planet Earth from evil Alien Dragons. Everything was fine, but one day the little Dragon came out of the cave and, seeing a beautiful squirrel, began to talk to her and the little squirrel led him through the taiga and began to talk about her life, about the taiga. So they wandered until evening, but soon the squirrel went to bed, and the little dragon was left alone. He did not know how to get back, the places were unfamiliar, his wings had not yet grown, he was very small and defenseless. He cried, sobbed, but no one helped him - everyone was afraid - he was a dragon! Eagle owls hooted, scops wept plaintively ... somewhere far away jackals howled and suddenly a little dragon heard a tiger roar not far from him .. The Dragon was very frightened of this roar, how could he defend himself? ... He was a child, and therefore his mother punished:
-Be afraid of the tiger, you are still small and there is no escape from him..
And the bloodthirsty tiger was nearby and prepared to jump on the little dragon!
- Mother…. Mom--- he shouted, - Save me ...
The dragon was still very small and defenseless.
An inner voice told the mother that her son was in trouble, and she began to pray to her gods to help her son, a little dragon, be saved.
- We can not protect him from wild animals - but it is in our power to turn him into stone .... And he will live for centuries….
The mother cried, but she had to agree, being in a hopeless situation ....
- Son, stand on a rock and stand still!
- I hear you, mommy! I stood on the ledge...
And in an instant he turned to stone, but the tiger had already jumped on the dragon, but could not defeat the little Dragon, and only deep marks from the paws of the tiger remained on the soft stone body. The dragon petrified in an instant, the tiger was no longer able to defeat. Roaring with indignation and indignation, the tiger went to hunt turtles, but they too were petrified with fear.
And in the morning, when it was dawn, the mother of the Dragon went to look for her son and saw the petrified son of the Dragon on the ledge of the rock. and instantly petrified for centuries ....
More than one hundred thousand years have passed, and today in the Ussuri taiga everyone sees the saint maternal love mother to her child. And it doesn't matter that it's a Dragon and a Dragon, it's important that love for your child, even if he is a Dragon, is immortal!

Reading or telling a child the same favorite fairy tale again and again, we, willy-nilly, begin to ask ourselves questions. Why do children love fairy tales so much? Why did a child at this stage of his development choose this particular fairy tale and is ready to listen to it again and again? What is the meaning of these short stories that adults have been telling children for more than one century?

Of course, the well-known love of children for folk tales attracted the attention of child psychologists. And it turned out that the most famous fairy tales, which listen to dozens of generations of kids, are saturated with material for the development of the emotional and cognitive sphere of the child, like a carrot just plucked from the garden - with vitamins. Fairy tales help develop attention, memory, thinking, primary mathematical concepts (number, count, size, sequence), ideas about composition, cause-and-effect relationships, social and moral norms, speech, and imagination. Reading fairy tales to children (in this case, however, like any fiction) has the most stimulating effect on the development of speech: it expands lexicon, emotional component of speech, dialogue, sense of rhythm and rhyme.
There were also explanations for the phenomenon known to many parents - a child can listen to the same fairy tale many, many times in a row, demand only it and not agree to anything else. First, as mentioned above, the fairy tale provides very rich material and the child does not want to move on to the new until he has learned the lesson. Secondly, the child is not yet completely sure of the constancy of the world. Have you seen how a six-month-old baby throws a toy over and over again to make sure that it falls for the hundredth time, and does not fly up to the ceiling? Also, an older child wants to hear the unchanging plot of a fairy tale, to make sure that a frog-frog always comes after a mouse-norushka, and a mouse always waves its tail and an egg always breaks. This creates a sense of security, convinces him of the constancy of the laws of nature and society.
Introducing a child to folk tales, you can not only read picture books. You can, following the old traditions, tell the tales yourself before going to bed or on a walk. Invite your child to tell a story with you and for their favorite doll or teddy bear, role play. An indispensable assistant in such games can be a finger puppet show and other toys based on Russian folk tales.

Below is a list of fairy tales that all parents tell their children. Without thinking about what this tale develops, unaware of its ambiguity, we simply tell these tales to children, because we ourselves heard them in childhood from our mother or grandmother.

Hen Ryaba

One of my favorite first stories. And one of the most mysterious. Adults do not understand its meaning at all. What versions have not been put forward about what this very simple and slightly absurd plot symbolizes. There is a version that this tale is a metaphor for the creation of the universe from the world egg. Gestalt psychologists believe that its main value is precisely in the absurdity, it teaches the child to the fact that what is happening in life is sometimes completely incomprehensible to us. It is possible that the fairy tale attracts the child with the simplicity of the plot, which is easy for him to remember and keep in the field of attention. Did you know that there is another longer version of this tale?

Kolobok

Today, this tale sounds primarily like a story with a moral about obeying and respecting your parents, not running away from home and not talking to friendly strangers. But they say that once it was a story about the lunar cycle. Each of those met by Kolobok bit off a piece of it, as the moon decreases during the lunar month.

turnip

A story about family and mutual help. A wonderful fairy tale for training memory and getting the first idea about the size and sequence.
In its older version, the tale symbolically indicates the relationship of generations, as well as the interaction of temporal structures, forms of life and forms of existence. IN modern version this tale lacks two more elements that existed originally - the Father and the Mother.
There were nine elements in the original tale, each of which had its own hidden image:

The turnip is the heritage and wisdom of the family, its roots. It seems to unite the earthly, underground and aboveground. The turnip was planted by the Ancestor, the most ancient and wise.
Grandfather - ancient wisdom;
Grandmother - traditions, home, housekeeping;
The father is the protection and support of the family;
Mother - love and care;
Granddaughter (daughter) - children, grandchildren; offspring, procreation;
Beetle - protection of wealth in the family;
A cat is a blessed situation in the family, in this family;
Mouse - the well-being of the family, at home. Mice are found where there is prosperity, where the crumbs do not count.
Initially, the meaning was as follows: to have a connection with the family and family memory, live in harmony with relatives, work together and have happiness in the family.