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Where is the artistic style of speech used. The main features of the literary and artistic style

Topic 10. Language features of the artistic style

Topic 10.LANGUAGE FEATURES OF THE ARTISTIC STYLE

A beautiful thought loses its price

if it is badly expressed.

Voltaire

Lesson plan:

Theoretical block

Trails. Types of trails.

stylistic figures. Types of stylistic figures.

Functional characteristics of language means of expression in artistic style.

Practice block

Identification of figurative and expressive means in the texts of the artistic style and their analysis

Functional characteristics of paths and figures

Compilation of texts using reference expressions

Tasks for SRO

Bibliography:

1.Golub I.B. Stylistics of the Russian language. - M., 1997. - 448 p.

2. Kozhin A.H., Krylova ABOUT.A., Odintsov IN.IN. Functional types of Russian speech. - M.: Higher School, 1982. - 392 p.

3.Lapteva, M. A. Russian language and culture of speech. - Krasnoyarsk: CPI KSTU, 2006. - 216 p.

4.Rosenthal D.E. Reference book on the Russian language. Practical stylistics of the Russian language. - M., 2001. - 381 p.

5.Khamidova L.V.,Shakhova L.A. Practical style and culture of speech. - Tambov: TSTU Publishing House, 2001. - 34 p.

THEORETICAL BLOCK

Linguistic features of the artistic style

Lexical	Widespread use of words in a figurative sense; Intentional clash of different styles of vocabulary; The use of vocabulary with a two-dimensional stylistic coloring; The presence of emotionally colored words; Greater preference for the use of specific vocabulary; Widespread use of folk-poetic words.
Word-building	The use of various means and models of word formation;
Morphological	The use of word forms in which the category of concreteness is manifested; Frequency of verbs; Passivity of indefinitely personal verb forms, 3rd person forms; Slight use of neuter nouns compared to masculine and feminine nouns; Forms plural abstract and material nouns; Wide use of adjectives and adverbs.
Syntactic	Use of the entire arsenal of syntactic means available in the language; Extensive use of stylistic figures; The wide use of dialogue, sentences with direct speech, improperly direct and indirect; Active use of parceling; Inadmissibility of syntactically monotonous speech; Using the means of poetic syntax.

The artistic style of speech is distinguished by figurativeness, expressiveness, and the widespread use of figurative and expressive means of the language. Facilities artistic expressiveness give brightness to speech, enhance its emotional impact, attract the attention of the reader and listener to the statement.

The means of expression in the artistic style are varied and numerous. Typically, researchers distinguish two groups of visual and expressive means: paths and stylistic figures.

THE MOST COMMON TYPES OF TRAILS

	Characteristic	Examples
Epithet		your thoughtful nights transparent dusk. (A.Pushkin)
Metaphor		dissuaded by the grovegolden Birch cheerful language. (WITH. Yesenin)
personification-rhenium	kind of metaphor, the transfer of signs of a living being to natural phenomena, objects and concepts.	Asleep green alley (TO.Balmont)
Metonymy		Well, eat some more plate, my dear (AND.A. Krylov)
Synecdoche	A kind of metonymy, transferring the name of a whole to a part of this whole or the name of a part to the whole	Friends, Romans, compatriots, lend me your ears. (Y. Caesar)
Comparison		The moon is shining How huge cold ball. Starfall foliage flew . (D. WITH amoilov)
paraphrase	A turnover consisting in replacing the name of an object or phenomenon with a description of their essential features or an indication of their character traits	King of beasts (lion) snow beauty (winter), black gold (oil)
Hyperbola		IN one hundred thousand suns the sunset was blazing IN.IN. Mayakovsky)
Litotes		little man with a fingernail (H.A. Nekrasov)
Allegory		In the fables of I. Krylov: donkey- stupidity fox- cunning wolf– greed

STYLISTIC FIGURES

	Characteristic	Examples
Anaphora	Repetition of individual words or phrases at the beginning of the passages that make up the statement	Not in vain did the winds blow, Not in vain did the storm go. … (WITH.Yesenin)
Epiphora	Repetition of words or expressions at the end of adjacent passages, lines, phrases	Here the guests came ashore, Tsar Saltan calls them to visit ( A.Pushkin)
Antithesis	This is a turnover in which opposite concepts are contrasted to enhance the expressiveness of speech.	I'm stupid and you're smart Alive and I'm dumbfounded... (M.Tsvetaeva)
Asyndeton	intentional omission connecting unions between members of a sentence or between sentences	(AND.Reznik)
polyunion	Intentional use of repeating unions for logical and intonational underlining of the members of the sentence connected by unions	And flowers, and bumblebees, and grass, and ears of corn, And azure, and midday heat ... (AND.Bunin)
gradation	Such an arrangement of words, in which each subsequent contains an increasing meaning	I do not regret, do not call, do not cry ( WITH.Yesenin)
Inversion	Violation of the usual word order in a sentence, reverse word order	A dazzlingly bright flame escaped from the furnace (H. Gladkov)
Parallelism	The same syntactic construction of adjacent sentences or segments of speech	What is he looking for in a distant country? What did he throw in his native land? (M. Lermontov)
A rhetorical question	Question that does not require an answer	To whom in Rus' to live well? ( H.A. Nekrasov)
Rhetorical exclamation	Expression of a statement in exclamation form.	What magic, kindness, light in the word teacher! And how great is its role in the life of each of us! ( IN. Sukhomlinsky)
Ellipsis	Construction with a specially omitted, but implied by any member of the sentence (more often - a predicate)	I - for a candle, a candle - in the stove! I - for a book, that one - to run and jump under the bed! (TO. Chukovsky)
Oxymoron	Compound words that contradict each other each other, logically mutually exclusive	Dead souls, living corpse, hot snow

PRACTICE BLOCK

Questions for discussion and consolidation :

What are the main features of the artistic style of speech?

What area does the artistic style of speech serve?

What means of artistic expression do you know?

What groups are the figurative and expressive means of the language divided into?

What are trails? Describe them.

What is the function of the trail in the text?

What stylistic figures do you know?

What is the purpose of stylistic figures in the text?

Describe the types of stylistic figures.

Exercise 1 . Establish a correspondence: find the corresponding definitions for the concepts below - paths (left column) (right column)

	Concepts	Definitions
	personification	Artistic, figurative definition
	Metaphor	A turnover consisting in replacing the name of an object or phenomenon with a description of their essential features or an indication of their character traits
	paraphrase	The use of a word or expression in a figurative sense based on similarity, comparison, analogy
	Synecdoche	An expression containing an exorbitant underestimation of a phenomenon
	Hyperbola	The use of the name of one object instead of the name of another on the basis of external or internal connection between them, adjacency
	Comparison	Allegorical image of an abstract concept with the help of a specific life image
		The transfer of meaning from one phenomenon to another on the basis of the quantitative relationship between them
	Allegory	Comparison of two phenomena in order to explain one of them with the help of the other
		Attribution to inanimate objects of signs and properties of living beings
	Metonymy	Figurative expression containing exorbitant exaggeration

Exercise 2 . Find epithets in the sentences. Determine the form of their expression. What role do they play in the text? Make up your sentences using epithets.

1. On a heavenly blue dish of yellow clouds, honey smoke .... (S. E.). 2. Stands alone in the north wild ...(Lerm); 3. Around the whitening ponds, bushes in fluffy sheepskin coats ... (March.). 4. In the waves are rushing, thundering and sparkling.

Exercise 3 .

1. Asleep earth in blue radiance ... (Lerm.). 2. I had an early, still drowsy morning and deaf night. (Greene). 3. Appeared in the distance train head. 4. building wing obviously in need of repair. 4. Ship flies by the will of stormy waters ... (Lerm.). 5. Liquid, early breeze already went wandering And flutter over the earth ... (Turg.). 6. Silver smoke rose to a pure and precious sky ... (Paust.)

Exercise 4 . Find examples of metonymy in the sentences. What is the metonymic transfer of names based on? Make up your sentences using metonymy.

1. Preparing for the exam, Murat re-read Tolstoy. 2. The class enjoyed visiting the porcelain exhibition. 3. The whole city came out to meet the astronaut. 4. It was quiet outside, the house was asleep. 5. The audience listened to the speaker carefully. 6. Athletes brought gold and silver from the competition.

Exercise 5 . Determine the meaning of the highlighted words. What type of trail can they be classified as? Make up your sentences using the same type of trail.

1. Sundress for caftan doesn't run. (last). 2. All flags will visit us (P.). 3. Blue berets hurriedly landed on the beach. 4. Best beards countries gathered for a performance. (I. Ilf). 5. A woman in a hat was standing in front of me. Hat resented. 6. After some deliberation, we decided to catch motor.

Exercise 6. Find comparisons in sentences. Determine the form of their expression. Make up your sentences using comparisons of different forms of expression.

1. Large drops of dew blushed everywhere like radiant diamonds. (Turg.) 2. Her dress was the color of green. 3. Dawn blazed with fire .... (Turg.). 4. Light fell from under the cap with a wide cone ... (Bitov). 5. Words, like night hawks, break from hot lips. (B. Ok.). 6. The day rustles with a newspaper outside the door, runs as a late schoolboy. (Slutsk.). 7. Ice, like melting sugar, lies on a frozen river.

Exercise 7 . Read the sentences. Write them down. Give examples of impersonation

(1 option); hyperbolas ( Option 2); c) lithos ( 3 option). Justify your answer.

Silent sadness will be comforted, And joy will reflect friskyly ... ( P.).

Bloomers as wide as the Black Sea ... ( Gogol).

The autumn night burst into icy tears ... ( Fet).

And we haven’t seen each other for probably a hundred years ... ( Ruby).

The horse is being led by the bridle by a peasant in big boots, a sheepskin coat, and big mittens... and he with a fingernail! (Necr.).

Some houses are as long as the stars, others as long as the moon; sky high baobabs

(Lighthouse.).

Your Spitz is a lovely Spitz, no more than a thimble! ( Griboyedov).

Exercise 8. Read the text.

It was a beautiful July day, one of those days that only happens when the weather has settled for a long time. From early morning the sky is clear; the morning dawn does not burn with fire: it spreads with a gentle blush. The sun - not fiery, not hot, as during a sultry drought, not dull-purple, as before a storm, but bright and welcomingly radiant - peacefully rises under a narrow and long cloud, shines freshly and plunges into a purple fog. The upper, thin edge of the stretched cloud will sparkle with snakes; their brilliance is like that of hammered silver...

But here again the playful rays gushed, and the mighty luminary rises cheerfully and majestically, as if taking off. Around noon there usually appear many round high clouds, golden gray, with delicate white edges.

Like islands scattered along an endlessly overflowing river flowing around them with deeply transparent sleeves of even blue, they hardly budge; further, towards the sky, they shift, crowd, the blue between them can no longer be seen; but they themselves are as azure as the sky: they are all permeated through and through with light and warmth. The color of the sky, light, pale lilac, does not change all day and is the same all around; nowhere does it get dark, the thunderstorm does not thicken; except in some places bluish stripes stretch from top to bottom: then a barely noticeable rain is sown. By evening, these clouds disappear; the last of them, blackish and indefinite as smoke, fall in rosy puffs against the setting sun; in the place where it set as calmly as it calmly ascended into the sky, a scarlet radiance stands for a short time over the darkened earth, and, quietly blinking, like a carefully carried candle, the evening star will light up on it. On such days the colors are all softened; light, but not bright; everything bears the stamp of some touching meekness. On such days the heat is sometimes very strong, sometimes even "floating" over the slopes of the fields; but the wind disperses, pushes the accumulated heat, and whirlwinds - cycles - an undoubted sign of constant weather - walk along the roads through the arable land in high white pillars. In dry and clean air it smells of wormwood, compressed rye, buckwheat; even an hour before night you don't feel damp. The farmer wants such weather for harvesting grain ... (I. Turgenev. Bezhin meadow.)

Write out unfamiliar words from the text, determine their meaning.

Define the style and type of text.

Divide the text into semantic parts. Formulate the main idea of the text, its theme. Title the text.

What words carry a special meaning in the text?

Indicate the words of one thematic group.

Find definitions in the text. Are they all epithets?

What means of artistic expression did the author use in the text?

Write out examples of tropes from the text: epithets ( 1 option); comparisons( Option 2); metaphors. ( 3 option). Justify your choice.

Exercise 9. Read the texts about winter.

1. Winter is the coldest time of the year. ( WITH. Ozhegov).

2. Winter on the coast is not as bad as in the depths of the peninsula, and the mercury in the thermometer does not fall below forty-two, and the farther from the ocean, the stronger the frost - so the old-timers believe that forty-two below zero is something like September frosts on the grass. But near the water, the weather is more changeable: either a blizzard powders the eyes, people walk against the wind with a wall, then the frost grabs the living and, like a leprosy, whitens it, then you have to rub it with a cloth until it bleeds, that's why they say: "Three to the nose, everything will pass." ( B. Kryachko)

Hello, in a white sundress

From silver brocade!

Diamonds burn on you like bright rays.

Hello Russian girl,

Coloring soul.

white winch,

Hello winter winter! ( P. Vyazemsky)

4. Beautiful, wonderful Russian forest in winter. Deep, clean snowdrifts lie under the trees. Above the forest paths, lacy white arches bent under the weight of frost, the trunks of young birch trees. Dark green branches of tall and small firs are covered with heavy caps of white snow. You stand and admire their peaks, studded with necklaces of purple cones. You watch with delight how, whistling merrily, they fly from spruce to spruce, swaying on cones, flocks of red-breasted crossbills. ( I. Sokolov - Mikitov)

Determine the style, genre and purpose of each text.

Specify the main style features of each text.

What linguistic means are used in the texts about winter?

Exercise 10. Create your own freehand winter landscape sketch using at least ten (10) definitions selected from the words below. What function do they perform in the text? Whose text is the most successful and why?

White, first, fresh, withered, cool, frosty, unkind, snow-white, angry, harsh, bright, chilly, wonderful, clear, invigorating, prickly, hot, angry, creaky, crisp, blue, silvery, thoughtful, silent, gloomy, gloomy, huge, huge, predatory, hungry, fast, icy, frozen, warm, sparkling, clean.

Exercise 11. Compose a syncwine for the micro-theme "Tropes as figurative and expressive means of the Russian language":

1 option- the keyword "Incarnation";

Option 2- the keyword "Hyperbole";

3 option- the keyword "Litota";

4 option- keyword "allegory".

Exercise 12. Read the text. Divide the text into semantic parts. Title it.

Steppe, chained moonlight waiting for morning. There was that pre-dawn silence, which has no name. And only a very sensitive ear, accustomed to this silence, would have heard the continuous rustle that had been coming from the steppe all night. Once something rang...

The first whitish ray of dawn broke through a distant cloud, the moon immediately faded, and the earth darkened. And then suddenly a caravan appeared. Camels walked up to their chests in the lush meadow grass, mixed with young reeds, one after another. To the right and left, herds of horses moved in a heavy mass that crushed the meadow, dived into the grass, and horsemen again emerged from it. From time to time the chain of camels was interrupted, and, connected to each other by a long woolen rope, high two-wheeled carts rolled in the grass. Then camels came again...

A distant cloud melted, and the sun suddenly rushed all at once into the steppe. Like a scattering of precious stones, it sparkled in all directions to the very horizon. It was the second half of summer, and the time had already passed when the steppe looked like a bride in a wedding dress. Only the emerald green of the reeds remained, yellow-red islands of overripe prickly flowers, and among the overgrowth of belated sorrel, the scarlet eyes of the stone berry burned. The steep sides of well-fed, fattened horses over the summer gleamed the steppe.

And as soon as the sun flared up, a deaf and powerful clatter, snoring, neighing, the dreary roar of camels, the creak of high wooden wheels, human voices immediately became clearly audible. Noisily, quails and blind owls fluttered up from under the bushes, taken by surprise by the approaching avalanche. It was as if the light instantly dissolved the silence and brought it all to life...

At first glance, it was clear that this was not just a seasonal migration of one of the countless auls scattered in the endless Kazakh steppe. As usual, the young horsemen on both sides of the caravan did not rush about, did not laugh with the girls. They rode in silence, keeping close to the camels. And the women on camels, wrapped in white kerchiefs - kimesheks, were also silent. Even small children did not cry and only goggled round black eyes from saddlebags - korzhuns on both sides of the camel's humps.

(I. Esenberlin. Nomads.)

Write out unfamiliar words from the text, determine their meaning in the dictionary.

What art style does the text belong to? Justify your answer.

Determine the type of speech. Justify your answer.

What season is represented in the text?

Highlight in text keywords and phrases necessary to convey the main content.

Write out the paths from the text, determine their type. For what purpose does the author use these figurative and expressive means in the text?

Reproduce the text in your own words. Define the style of your text. Has the functional and stylistic affiliation of the text been preserved?

The book sphere of communication is expressed through the artistic style - a multi-tasking literary style that has developed historically, and stands out from other styles through means of expression.

Art style serves literary works and aesthetic human activity. The main goal is to influence the reader with the help of sensual images. Tasks by which the goal of artistic style is achieved:

Creation of a living picture describing the work.
Transfer of the emotional and sensual state of the characters to the reader.

Art style features

Artistic style has a purpose emotional impact per person, but it is not the only one. The general picture of the application of this style is described through its functions:

Figurative-cognitive. Presenting information about the world and society through the emotional component of the text.
Ideological and aesthetic. Maintenance of the system of images, through which the writer conveys the idea of the work to the reader, is waiting for a response to the idea of the plot.
Communicative. The expression of the vision of an object through sensory perception. Information from the artistic world is associated with reality.

Signs and characteristic linguistic features of the artistic style

To easily define this style of literature, let's pay attention to its features:

Original syllable. Due to the special presentation of the text, the word becomes interesting without contextual meaning, breaking the canonical schemes of constructing texts.
High level of text ordering. The division of prose into chapters, parts; in the play - the division into scenes, acts, phenomena. In poems, the metric is the size of the verse; stanza - the doctrine of the combination of poems, rhyme.
High level of polysemy. The presence of several interrelated meanings in one word.
Dialogues. The artistic style is dominated by the speech of the characters, as a way of describing the phenomena and events in the work.

The artistic text contains all the richness of the vocabulary of the Russian language. The presentation of the emotionality and imagery inherent in this style is carried out with the help of special means called tropes - language means of expressiveness of speech, words in figurative meaning. Examples of some trails:

Comparison is part of the work, with the help of which the image of the character is complemented.
Metaphor - the meaning of a word in figuratively based on an analogy with another object or phenomenon.
An epithet is a definition that makes a word expressive.
Metonymy is a combination of words in which one object is replaced by another on the basis of spatial and temporal similarity.
Hyperbole is a stylistic exaggeration of a phenomenon.
Litota is a stylistic understatement of a phenomenon.

Where Fiction Style Is Used

The artistic style has absorbed numerous aspects and structures of the Russian language: tropes, polysemy of words, complex grammatical and syntactic structure. Therefore, its general scope is huge. It also includes the main genres of works of art.

The genres of artistic style used are related to one of the genera, expressing reality in a special way:

Epos. Shows external unrest, thoughts of the author (description of storylines).
Lyrics. Reflects the author's inner worries (experiences of the characters, their feelings and thoughts).
Drama. The presence of the author in the text is minimal, a large number of dialogues between characters. From such a work they often make theatrical performances. Example - The Three Sisters of A.P. Chekhov.

These genres have subspecies that can be subdivided into even more specific varieties. Main:

Epic genres:

Epic is a genre of work, which is dominated by historical events.
A novel is a large manuscript with a complex storyline. All attention is paid to the life and fate of the characters.
The story is a work of a smaller volume, which describes the life case of the hero.
The story is a medium-sized manuscript that has the features of the plot of a novel and a short story.

Lyric genres:

Ode is a solemn song.
epigram - a poem satirical. Example: A. S. Pushkin "Epigram on M. S. Vorontsov."
An elegy is a lyrical poem.
A sonnet is a poetic form of 14 lines, the rhyming of which has a strict construction system. Examples of this genre are common in Shakespeare.

Genres dramatic works:

Comedy - the genre is based on a plot that ridicules social vices.
Tragedy is a work that describes tragic fate heroes, struggle of characters, relationships.
Drama - has a dialogue structure with a serious storyline showing the characters and their dramatic relationships with each other or with society.

How to define literary text?

It is easier to understand and consider the features of this style when the reader is provided with an artistic text with a good example. Let's practice to determine what style of text is in front of us, using an example:

“Marat's father, Stepan Porfirievich Fateev, an orphan from infancy, was from the Astrakhan bandit family. The revolutionary whirlwind blew him out of the locomotive vestibule, dragged him through the Michelson plant in Moscow, machine-gun courses in Petrograd ... "

The main aspects confirming the artistic style of speech:

This text is built on the transfer of events from an emotional point of view, so there is no doubt that we have a literary text.
The means used in the example: “the revolutionary whirlwind blew it out, dragged it in” is nothing more than a trope, or rather, a metaphor. The use of this trope is inherent only in a literary text.
An example of a description of the fate of a person, the environment, social events. Conclusion: this literary text belongs to the epic.

Any text can be parsed in detail according to this principle. If the functions or distinguishing features that are described above are immediately evident, then there is no doubt that you have a literary text in front of you.

If you find it difficult to deal with a large amount of information on your own; the main means and features of a literary text are incomprehensible to you; task examples seem complicated - use a resource such as a presentation. Finished presentation with illustrative examples will intelligibly fill in gaps in knowledge. The sphere of the school subject "Russian language and literature" serves electronic sources of information on functional styles of speech. Please note that the presentation is concise and informative, contains explanatory tools.

Thus, having understood the definition of artistic style, you will better understand the structure of works. And if a muse visits you, and there is a desire to write a work of art yourself, follow the lexical components of the text and the emotional presentation. Good luck with your study!

Linguistic and stylistic feature of artistic style is called the special life of the word in thin work. His specific. feature is the update internal form(G.O. Vinokur) when the means of language (in particular, lexical ones) and their meanings turn out to be the basis, starting from which the artist creates a poetic word-metaphor, completely turned to the theme and idea of a particular artist. works. At the same time, the metaphorical meaning of a word can often be understood and determined only after reading the entire work, i.e. stems from art. whole.

The formation of the value of the artist. words in the broad context of the whole work noted B.A. Larin, which revealed the systemic relationship of the word with other words of the artist. whole when expressing a cross-cutting poetic thought-idea, i.e. the leitmotif of the work is such a property of the poetic word of B.A. Larin named "combinatorial increments of meaning".

Concepts of the inner form of the artist. words and combinatorial increments of meaning are closely related to the concept "general imagery" (A.M. Peshkovsky), which lies in the fact that all linguistic units of one or another artwork aimed at expressing an artistic image, being at the same time strictly aesthetically and stylistically motivated and justified, in connection with which the elimination of any one word from the text already leads to the “baldness” of the image. The same applies to the modification of the forms of the word - so it is impossible to change the word small fish on fish in the title and text of Pushkin's "Tales of the Fisherman and the Fish".

According to V.V. Vinogradov, artist the word is fundamentally two-dimensional: coinciding in its form with the word national language and based on its meaning, artist. the word is addressed not only to the national language, but also to that world of art. reality, which is created or recreated in the work. The semantic structure of the word "is expanded and enriched by those artistic and visual "increments" that develop in the system of a whole aesthetic object" (Vinogradov V.V.). A more general, precise concept is artistic and figurative speech concretization(M.N. Kozhina).

So, as a main style trait called ARTISTIC-FIGULATORY SPEECH SPECIFICATION, which is expressed by the system organization artistic speech, capable of translating a word-concept into a word-image through a system of linguistic means, combined author's image and capable of activating the reader's imagination. The linguistic means used in literary texts are intended to serve mainly as an expression of a system of images, since in an artistic context words express not just concepts, ideas, but artistic images. Therefore, concretization here has a different character, means and ways of expression (not a word-concept or a word-representation is used, but a word-artistic image).

Artistic a work is capable of transforming the semantics of any word, including a neutral one, endowing it with textual increments of meaning, primarily emotionally expressive and aesthetic ones, which is achieved, in particular, by repeating a lexical unit in different contexts. This is connected with the manifestation of such an important feature of the semantics of the artist. works like dynamic meaning(Vinogradov V.V.). Multiple predication of a repeating nomination leads to the attachment of each new feature to the previous ones and the formation of a more complex one compared to the linguistic one. text meaning. This phenomenon is typical and has great significance, so some researchers even propose to single out a special type of lexical meaning - "artistic value"(Barlas L.G.). A word with artistic meaning is an element of the text that is significant for deeper semantic layers of art. text - figurative and ideological (Kupina N.A.). A specific feature of the functioning of linguistic means in art. style is also the predominance of the meaning of the word over its meaning, which leads to the creation of an implicit ideological and aesthetic content of the work (subtext) that requires special interpretation.

The art style is special style speech, which has become widespread both in world fiction in general and in copywriting in particular. It is characterized by high emotionality, direct speech, richness of colors, epithets and metaphors, and is also designed to influence the reader's imagination and acts as a trigger for his fantasy. So, today we are in detail and visually examples consider artistic style of texts and its application in copywriting.

Art style features

As mentioned above, the art style is most often used in fiction: novels, short stories, short stories, short stories and others. literary genres. This style is not characterized by value judgments, dryness and formality, which are also characteristic of styles. Instead, for him, the characters are narrative and transmission. the smallest details in order to form in the reader's imagination a filigree form of the transmitted thought.

In the context of copywriting, the art style has found a new embodiment in hypnotic texts, to which an entire section "" is devoted to this blog. It is the elements of artistic style that allow texts to influence the limbic system of the reader's brain and trigger the mechanisms necessary for the author, thanks to which a very curious effect is sometimes achieved. For example, the reader cannot tear himself away from the novel, or he develops sexual attraction, as well as other reactions, which we will talk about in subsequent articles.

Art style elements

In any artistic text there are elements that are characteristic of the style of his presentation. For the artistic style are most characteristic:

Detailing
The transfer of feelings and emotions of the author
epithets
Metaphors
Comparisons
Allegory
Using elements of other styles
Inversion

Let's consider all these elements in more detail and with examples.

1. Detailing in a literary text

The first thing that can be distinguished in all literary texts is the presence of details, and, moreover, to almost everything.

Art style example #1

The lieutenant walked along the yellow building sand, heated by the scorching afternoon sun. He was wet from the tips of his fingers to the tips of his hair, his whole body was covered with scratches from sharp barbed wire and aching with maddening pain, but he was alive and headed for the command headquarters, which was visible on the horizon about five hundred meters away.

2. Transfer of feelings and emotions of the author

Art style example #2

Varenka, such a sweet, good-natured and sympathetic girl, whose eyes always shone with kindness and warmth, with a calm look of a real demon, walked to the Ugly Harry bar with a Thompson machine gun at the ready, ready to roll these vile, dirty, smelly and slippery types who dared stare at her charms and drool lustfully.

3. Epithets

Epithets are most characteristic of literary texts, since they are responsible for the richness of the vocabulary. Epithets can be expressed by a noun, adjective, adverb or verb and are most often bundles of words, one or more of which complement another.

Examples of epithets

Example of artistic style No. 3 (with epithets)

Yasha was just a small dirty trick, which, nevertheless, had a very great potential. Even in his pink childhood, he masterfully stole apples from Aunt Nyura, and in less than twenty years, he switched to banks in twenty-three countries of the world with the same dashing fuse, and managed to peel them so skillfully that neither the police nor Interpol couldn't catch him red-handed.

4. Metaphors

Metaphors are words or expressions in a figurative sense. Found widespread among the classics of Russian fiction.

Art Style Example #4 (Metaphors)

5. Comparisons

Artistic style would not be itself if there were no comparisons in it. This is one of those elements that bring a special flavor to the texts and form associative links in the reader's imagination.

Comparison examples

6. Allegory

An allegory is a representation of something abstract with the help of a concrete image. It is used in many styles, but for artistic it is especially characteristic.

7. Using elements of other styles

Most often, this aspect is manifested in direct speech, when the author conveys the words of a particular character. In such cases, depending on the type, the character can use any of the styles of speech, but the most popular in this case is colloquial.

Art style example #5

The monk drew his staff and stood in the way of the intruder:

Why did you come to our monastery? - he asked.
- What do you care, get out of the way! the stranger snapped.
“Uuuu…” the monk pointedly drawled. Looks like you weren't taught manners. Okay, I'm in the mood today, I'll teach you some lessons.
- You got me, monk, angard! hissed the uninvited guest.
“My blood is starting to play!” the churchman groaned with delight. “Please try not to disappoint me.

With these words, both of them jumped out of their seats and grappled in a merciless fight.

8. Inversion

Inversion is the use of a reverse word order to enhance certain fragments and give words a special stylistic coloring.

Inversion examples

conclusions

In the artistic style of texts, both all of the listed elements, and only some of them, can occur. Each performs a specific function, but all serve the same purpose: to saturate the text and fill it with colors in order to maximally involve the reader in the transmitted atmosphere.

Masters artistic genre, whose masterpieces people read without stopping, use a number of hypnotic techniques, which will be disclosed in more detail in subsequent articles. or email the newsletter below, follow the blog on twitter and you won't miss them for anything.

Instruction

This style otherwise it can be called the style of fiction. It is used in verbal and artistic creativity. Its main goal is to influence the feelings and thoughts of readers and listeners with the help of images created by the author.

Artistic style (like any other) involves the selection of linguistic means. But in it, in contrast to the official business and scientific styles, all the richness of vocabulary, special figurativeness and emotionality of speech are widely used. In addition, he uses the possibilities of different styles: colloquial, journalistic, scientific and official business.

The artistic style is distinguished by a special attention to the random and the particular, behind which the typical features and images of the time are visible. As an example, one may recall " Dead Souls”, where N.V. Gogol portrayed the landowners, each of which is the personification of certain human qualities, but all of them together are the "face" Russia XIX century.

One more hallmark artistic style is a subjective moment, the presence of the author's fiction or "re-creation" of reality. The world of a literary work is the world of a writer, where reality is presented through his vision. In a literary text, the author expresses his preferences, rejections, condemnation and admiration. Therefore, the artistic style is characterized by expressiveness, emotionality, metaphor and versatility.

To prove the artistic style, read the text and analyze the language used in it. Pay attention to their diversity. Literary works use a large number of tropes (epithets, metaphors, comparisons, hyperboles, personifications, paraphrases and allegories) and stylistic figures (anaphoras, antitheses, oxymorons, rhetorical questions and appeals, etc.). For example: “a man with a marigold” (litote), “a horse runs - the earth trembles” (allegory), “streams ran from the mountains” (personification).

In the artistic style, the ambiguity of words is clearly manifested. Writers often discover additional meanings and meanings in them. For example, the adjective "lead" in a scientific or journalistic style will be used in its direct meaning "lead bullet" and "lead ore", in an artistic style, most likely, it will act as a metaphor for "lead twilight" or "lead clouds".

When parsing the text, be sure to pay attention to its function. If the conversational style serves for communication or communication, the official business and scientific style are informative, and the artistic style is intended for emotional impact. Its main function is aesthetic, to which all linguistic means used in literary work.

Determine in what form the text is implemented. Artistic style is used in drama, prose and poetry. They are respectively divided into genres (tragedy, comedy, drama; novel, story, short story, miniature; poem, fable, poem, etc.).

note

The basis of the artistic style is literary language. But often it uses colloquial and professional vocabulary, dialectisms and vernacular. This is due to the desire of writers to create a special unique author's style and give the text a vivid imagery.

Helpful advice

Style can be determined only by the totality of all features (functions, set of language tools, form of implementation).

Sources:

Artistic style: language and features
how to prove that the text

Tip 2: Features formal business style text

The language used in different areas of activity differs, in addition, it can be very different from spoken language. For such areas public life, as science, office work, jurisprudence, politics and the media, there are subtypes of the Russian language that have their own characteristics, both lexical and morphological, syntactic and textual. Has its stylistic features and official business text.

Why you need a formal business style when writing

The official business style of the text is one of the functional subtypes of the Russian language, which is used only in one specific case - when conducting business correspondence in the field of social and legal relations. It is implemented, lawmaking, managerial and economic activity. In writing, its document and can, in fact, be both a letter and an order, and normative act.

Business documents can be presented to the court as evidence at any time, since they, due to their specifics, have legal force.

Such a document has legal significance, its originator acts, as a rule, not as a private person, but is an authorized representative of the organization. Therefore, any official business text is subject to increased requirements to eliminate ambiguity and ambiguity of interpretation. Also, the text should be accurate communicatively and adequately reflect the thoughts that the author expresses.

The main features of the official business style

The main feature of official business communication is the standardization of phraseological units used, it is with its help that communicative accuracy is ensured, which gives legal force to any document. These standard phrases make it possible to exclude ambiguity of interpretation, therefore, in such documents, repeated repetition of the same words, names and terms is quite acceptable.

An official business document must have details - output data, and specific requirements are also imposed on their location on the page.

The text written in this style is emphatically logical and unemotional. It should be extremely informative, so thoughts have strict wording, and the presentation of the situation itself should be restrained, using stylistically neutral words and expressions. The use of any phrases that carry an emotional load, expressions used in common speech, and even more so slang, is excluded.

To eliminate ambiguity in a business document, personal demonstrative pronouns (“he”, “she”, “they”) are not used, since in a context with two nouns of the same gender, ambiguity of interpretation or contradiction may appear. As a consequence of the obligatory condition of logic and argumentation, when writing a business text, complex sentences are used with a large number of conjunctions that convey the logic of relations. For example, constructions that are not often used in everyday life are used, including conjunctions like: “due to the fact that”, “for what”.

Mandatory wardrobe items for a Parisian.

Many of the fair sex, who strive to look stylish and sophisticated every day, have a set of basic, must-have items in their wardrobe. What kind of items can be found in the closet of a Parisian?

1. Ballerinas. Contrary to popular belief, high heels are not always preferred. They're in Everyday life wear comfortable flats with thin soles.

2.Bag with long strap. A handbag thrown over one shoulder is a habit a large number residents of the fashion capital.

3.Scarf big size. A variety of voluminous scarves are preferred by residents of many countries. However, most Parisians believe that this is an indispensable and absolutely necessary accessory in the cold season.

4. Fitted jacket, raincoat or jacket. A truly French style is to wear fitted jackets. They are decorated with thin straps or worn wide open.

5.Large sunglasses. In combination with hair pulled up in a tight ponytail, bun or updo, these glasses look especially stylish and elegant.

6. Black clothes. The black color for the inhabitants of Paris is not the color of mourning. For them, he is the personification of style and grace. Therefore, in order to create Parisian image you must have black T-shirts, t-shirts, sweaters and other items of clothing in your wardrobe.

Which is unacceptable for the Parisian style.

There are things that a lady with truly French views on fashion will never allow herself to buy, much less wear. In one of the first places on the list of bad manners were too long bright false nails. Many representatives of France prefer naturalness and neutrality in everything. Including in .

A miniskirt in combination with a deep neckline is also not in the style of a resident of the fashion capital. The true one is unlikely to allow herself to look too frank and too sexy.

Bright hair color, multi-colored highlighting, flashy accessories, all kinds of bouffants and a huge amount of hair styling products. In most cases, a lady living in Paris will bypass this entire list and will only be surprised that it occurred to someone to experiment with their appearance in such a way.

The main criterion that distinguishes a true Parisian is harmony in everything: in clothes, style, look, hairstyle, accessories. She does not seek to repeat someone's image and is of the opinion that each person is unique.

Actually scientific style of speech

Most research monographs and solid scientific articles belong to the actual scientific style. The peculiarity of this genre is that such texts, as a rule, are written by professional scientists for the same specialists. This academic style is very common in scientific papers devoted to one issue, as well as in small essays, where the author gives the results scientific research.

Texts written in the proper scientific style are distinguished by the accuracy of presentation, verified logical constructions, an abundance of generalizing terms and abstract concepts. Standard academic text compiled in this genre, has a strict structural composition, which includes a title, introductory and main parts, conclusions and a conclusion.

Scientific and informative genre of scientific style

The scientific-informative genre is considered a secondary form of the scientific style of speech. It, as a rule, is compiled on the basis of some basic, supporting text. In this case, original monographs or articles are often taken as a basis. An example of texts made in the scientific and informative genre can be theses, or.

The scientifically informative text is a creatively revised presentation primary material, which completely coincides with it in meaning. However, it does not contain all, but only basic information, only the most essential information about the subject. To write works in this genre requires the ability to work with scientific literature, evaluate sources and transmit their content in a compressed form without distortion.

Other genres of scientific style of speech

Linguists often combine texts of scientific-reference, educational-scientific and popular science genres of scientific style into one large group. These sub-styles are characterized by the focus of information not so much on specialists, but on those who are far from the specifics of the subject placed at the center of the publication. In this case, not only the results of scientific research are important, but also the form.

In the educational and scientific genre, most often they write study guides and texts of lectures. The scientific reference genre, characterized by extreme clarity and conciseness, is typical for reference publications, scientific dictionaries, encyclopedias and catalogues. Texts compiled in the popular science genre are less tied to special terminology. They are often used in books intended for a mass audience, as well as in television and radio programs covering scientific topics.

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