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24th day of Slavic writing and culture. Day of Saints Cyril and Methodius: the day of Slavic writing and culture

May 24 every year in all Slavic countries the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture is celebrated. The origins of this holiday are inextricably linked with the honoring of the Saints. Equal-to-the-Apostles Cyril and Methodius - enlighteners of the Slavs, creators Slavic alphabet.

Cyril (secular name Konstantin; c. 827-869) and Methodius (secular name unknown; c. 815-885) - brothers, Greeks, natives of the city of Thessalonica (Thessalonica), came from the family of a Byzantine military leader.

Methodius at first devoted himself military career, but around 852 he took monastic vows, later became abbot of the monastery of Polychron on the Bithynian Olympus (Asia Minor). Kirill s young years distinguished by a craving for science and exceptional philological abilities. He was educated in Constantinople by the greatest scholars of his time - Leo the Grammarian and Photius (the future patriarch). After training, he took the priesthood, acted as a librarian, according to another version - a scefophylax (vessel guardian) of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople and taught philosophy. In 851-852, as part of the embassy of an asikrit (court secretary), George arrived at the court of the Arab Caliph Muttawakil, where he had theological disputes with Muslim scholars.

Cyril and Methodius compiled the Slavic alphabet, translated from Greek into Slavic several liturgical books (including selected readings from the Gospel, the apostolic epistles and the Psalter), which contributed to the introduction and spread of Slavic worship, and also, relying on deep knowledge of Greek and Eastern cultures and summarizing the experience of Slavic writing, they offered the Slavs their own alphabet.

The legacy of Cyril and Methodius had a huge impact on culture Slavic states: Bulgaria (and through it - Rus' and Serbia), the Czech Republic, Croatia (in the latter, the Glagolitic written tradition was preserved until modern times). The writing system developed by Cyril and Methodius had a huge impact on the development of Russian literature and literature. In the minds of many generations of Slavs, Cyril and Methodius are symbols of Slavic writing and Slavic culture.

The cult of Cyril and Methodius became widespread in all Slavic countries, both Orthodox and Catholic (the brothers were canonized shortly after their death). Established by the church back in X-XI centuries Memorial Day of Cyril and Methodius (May 24) in Bulgaria was subsequently turned into a holiday national education and culture.

In Russia, the celebration of the Day of Remembrance of the Holy Brothers is rooted in the distant past and was celebrated mainly by the church. There was a period when, under the influence of political circumstances, the historical merits of Cyril and Methodius were forgotten, but already in the 19th century this tradition was revived.

Officially at the state level, the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture was first solemnly celebrated in 1863, in connection with the 1000th anniversary of the creation of the Slavic alphabet by Saints Cyril and Methodius, in the same year a decree was adopted to celebrate the Day of Remembrance of Saints Cyril and Methodius on May 11 (24 new style).

During the years of Soviet power, this holiday was unfairly forgotten and restored only in 1986. The idea of resuming the nationwide, public celebration of the memory of Saints Cyril and Methodius and the Days of Slavic Literature and Culture in Russia was born in 1985, when Slavic peoples together with the world community celebrated the 1100th anniversary of the death of St. Methodius, Archbishop of Moravia and Pannonia.

In 1986, the first holiday was held in Murmansk, it was called the "Feast of Writing", in subsequent years the holiday was held in Vologda (1987), Veliky Novgorod (1988), Kiev (1989) and Minsk (1990).

On January 30, 1991, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, by its decree, declared May 24 the Holiday of Slavic Literature and Culture, thereby giving it state status.

During the celebration in the Assumption Cathedral of the Kremlin, in all the churches of Russia, Divine Liturgies, religious processions, children's pilgrimage missions to the monasteries of Russia, scientific and practical conferences, exhibitions, concerts.

Traditionally, the International Scientific Conference " Slavic world: commonality and diversity".

As part of the Days of Slavic Literature and Culture, the awarding ceremony for laureates is being held International Prize St. Equal-to-the-Apostles brothers Cyril and Methodius, established by the Moscow Patriarchate and the Slavic Fund of Russia. It is awarded to state and public figures, figures of literature and art for the preservation and development of the Cyril and Methodius heritage. Prize winners are awarded bronze sculpture Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Brothers Cyril and Methodius, a diploma and a commemorative medal.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources

On May 24, Russia celebrates the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture, which is also the Day of Saints Cyril and Methodius. It was founded in 1863 by the Russian Holy Synod in honor of the millennium of the Moravian mission of the brothers. In 863, ambassadors from the Moravian prince Rostislav came to Constantinople and asked to send them someone who would “tell them the true faith in their own language.” The emperor considered that it was Cyril and Methodius who would cope with this, and ordered them to go to Moravia (now part of the Czech Republic). At first, the holiday was celebrated on May 11, and in 1985 the date was moved to May 24.

Since 1991, a new city has been declared the capital of the holiday every year.

Since 2010, the main celebrations on the occasion of the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture have been held in Moscow.

However, various events are also held in other cities.

So, in 2017, in order to involve citizens in cultural property, to popularize them, a tourist office "Rus Novgorodskaya" was created in the Novgorod region, designed to promote local products, increase the investment attractiveness of the region, and help the regions develop the economy by attracting tourists. So the objects cultural heritage can act as a factor in modern development.

"Rus Novgorodskaya" will perform the functions of a regional development institution and will become the conductor of a unified tourism policy in the region, combining the capabilities of the regional government, municipalities and federal institutions.

The creation of such a tourist office is a kind of precedent, since there are no associations similar in scale of tasks in the Russian tourism sector.

On May 24, Ryazan will host a concert of the Thousand consolidated choir Ryazan region. The choir will include more than 1000 participants from the districts of the region, as well as a combined choir of students from children's art schools in the city of Ryazan, the Ryazan State Academic Russian folk choir them. Popov, Ryazan Chamber Choir, Ryazan Governor's Symphony Orchestra. This year the concert will be dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the formation of the Ryazan region. Ryazan residents will hear the works of famous countrymen, in particular Yesenin and Averkin, performed by the choir.

In Perm, on May 22, the Festival of Choirs, timed to coincide with the Day of Slavic Literature, has already started. choir feast, dedicated to the day Slavic writing and culture, will be held on May 24 at 12.00 in front of the Palace of Culture. Soldatov. The festival will be attended by choirs from all over the region, including the Big Consolidated Choir Perm Territory(about 500 people will perform on stage at the same time), consisting of several choirs: Choir of the Opera and Ballet Theatre, Ural Chamber Choir, Youth Choir Choir chapel boys, academic choir Institute of Culture; female academic choir Pedagogical University, the chamber choir "Lik", the choir of the College of Music and the students' choir of Perm State National Research University. You can see the performance of the Big Combined Choir only once a year. Also, the Children's Combined Choir takes part in the event, which will perform in the second part of the concert. It has 335 people, consists of nine teams. In the concert program famous songs domestic composers different years, as well as works of Russian spiritual and symphonic classics.

In Sevastopol, guests are expected by the literary salon "Chersoness Lyra", the performance of the ensemble "Lodya" from Yaroslavl, creative meeting and a poetry program featuring People's Artist Russian Alexander Pankratov-Cherny in the Antique Theatre.

Russia is not the only country celebrating this holiday. So, in Bulgaria, May 24 is the Day of Bulgarian Enlightenment, Culture and Slavonic Literature.

The first mentions date back to 1803; the holiday began to be celebrated throughout the country in the second half of the 19th century.

In 1892, the text of the school-wide Hymn to Cyril and Methodius appeared, and in 1900, music for it. On the eve of the holiday, knowledge quizzes and holidays of letters are held, schoolchildren decorate portraits of Cyril and Methodius with wreaths of fresh flowers. Of all the countries, Bulgaria celebrates this holiday with the greatest scope.

In the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture has been celebrated since the early 1990s. The first celebrations were held in the park near central library capital Cities. In Macedonia, on the day of the holiday, a mini-football tournament among schoolchildren is held in the morning, and the main ceremony takes place in front of the monument to Saints Cyril and Methodius in the city park. In the Czech Republic, the holiday is celebrated on July 5th. On this day, solemn services are held in churches.

From this article you will learn:

You know how to read and write from school, thanks to which today you actively and quickly manage the keyboard and websites. Do you know who you owe these unique skills to? Of course, to his first teacher, but if you look much deeper ... On May 24, Russia will celebrate the Day of Cyril and Methodius - the holy Equal-to-the-Apostles brothers of Thessalonica, who created the Slavic alphabet. So they are our first teachers.

Cyril and Methodius: the story of the Thessalonica brothers

There is a lot of information about Cyril and Methodius on the net. In order not to spread our thoughts along the tree, let's put together all the facts and lay out a brief chronicle of their biography, adorned with curious facts.

Names

The names of the Thessalonica brothers are their monastic names, but in fact Cyril was called Konstantin from birth, and Methodius was called Michael: such native Russian names ... And Cyril-Konstantin in the world also had a nickname: Philosopher. Right now we can only speculate about the reasons why he got it.

Origin

Constantine (years of life 827-869) was younger than Michael (815-885), but died much earlier than him. And between them, their parents had five more sons. The father was a military officer. Some do not understand how the brothers, who were born in the Greek city of Thessaloniki, could know the Slavic language perfectly. But Thessalonica was unique city: both Greek and Slavic were spoken in it.

Career

Yes, it's a career. Before being tonsured a monk, Michael managed to become a strategist (Greek military rank), and Constantine was known as the smartest and most educated person in the entire Greek state. Constantine even had Touching story love with one of the daughters of a Greek dignitary. By marrying he would brilliant career. But the Greek decides to devote his life to God and people. The brothers become monks, gather like-minded people around them and begin to work diligently on the creation of the alphabet.

Missions of Constantine

Konstantin went to different countries with embassies, converted people to Christianity, taught them the alphabet. For centuries, we know only about three such missions: Khazar, Bulgarian and Moravian. One can only guess how many languages Konstantin actually knew.

After their death, the brothers left followers and students who contributed to the spread of the Slavic alphabet, on the basis of which our modern letter was created.

Pretty informative biography. It is hard to imagine that so many centuries ago someone conceived such a global task - to teach the Slavs the alphabet. And after all, not only conceived, but also created ...

The history of the holiday of Slavic writing

How and why did May 24 become the Day of Cyril and Methodius? This is the unique case when they found common point contact state holiday and Orthodox. On the one hand, Cyril and Methodius are saints revered by the church, and the state is well aware of the importance of writing for the population. So there was a happy merger of two global understandings. However, the path of the formation of this holiday was not easy, if you follow its stages:

The Russian Holy Synod in 1863 decreed that in connection with the celebration anniversary date(millennium) of the Moravian mission of Equal-to-the-Apostles Cyril and Methodius, from May 11 (and according to the new style - 24) to establish a celebration in honor of Methodius and Cyril annually.
In the USSR, in 1986, when the date of the 1100th anniversary of the death of Methodius was celebrated, May 24 was officially declared by the Government "The Holiday of Slavic Culture and Literature."
In 1991, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR adopted a resolution to hold "Days of Slavic Culture and Literature" every year.

Through the crucible of all these transformations and trials, the Day of Cyril and Methodius appears before us as it is now.

Day of Cyril and Methodius: customs and traditions

Any celebration, especially if it goes back centuries, is always associated with certain traditions and customs, dictated by the life of the peasants in Rus'. Some elements are reborn and adapted to modern conditions life, but something is irretrievably a thing of the past. And how do you celebrate the Day of Cyril and Methodius? Maybe one of the traditions of the holiday will be to your taste?

Prayers, Divine Services, Processions

In Orthodox churches on May 24, laudatory hymns are heard in honor of the Equal-to-the-Apostles brothers. It can be prayers or entire Divine Services, but one way or another, any Orthodox person strives on this day to the temple, to put a candle to Cyril and Methodius. In many parishes and dioceses, processions are held in honor of the brothers to show the significance of their deeds for the entire culture of Russia.

Scientific conferences

As a rule, on May 24, various scientific conferences, symposiums of the different levels- from school to all-Russian. Most often, the fate and history of the Russian language becomes the subject of such scientific meetings. In parallel with this, various thematic exhibitions are organized and competitions are held.

This is how it is, the Day of Cyril and Methodius, in Russia, in Russian Orthodox Church, in the heart of every Russian person. This is our history, which we must sacredly honor and respect, pass on to our children. I would like to wish that with the introduction of all computer technologies, people still do not forget the book as one of the main values left to us by the Thessalonica brothers.

Day of Slavic Writing and Culture (Day of Saints Cyril and Methodius) - Russian name The holiday dedicated to the day of memory of the holy Equal-to-the-Apostles brothers Methodius and Cyril is celebrated annually on May 24 in all Slavic countries.
In 1985, in the USSR, when the 1100th anniversary of the death of Methodius was celebrated, May 24 was declared a "holiday of Slavic culture and writing."

In our country, the holiday was revived in 1986, and in 1991, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation No. 568-1, it received the status of a state holiday.
On January 30, 1991, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR adopted a resolution on the annual holding of the Days of Slavic Culture and Literature.

Officially, this is not a day off, but festivals and concerts are held. Every year, some city in Russia becomes the host of the holiday.
Slavic writing was created in the 9th century, around 862. New alphabet received the name "Cyrillic" after the name of the Byzantine Constantine, who, having taken monasticism, became Cyril. And his elder brother Methodius helped him in the charitable work of educating the Slavic peoples.
Cyril created the Slavic alphabet based on the Greek, significantly changing it in order to convey the Slavic sound system. Two alphabets were created - Glagolitic and Cyrillic.

May 24 is annually celebrated in all Slavic countries as the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture. The origins of this holiday are inextricably linked with the honoring of the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Cyril and Methodius - the Enlighteners of the Slavs, the creators of the Slavic alphabet.

Methodius at first devoted himself to a military career, but around 852 he took monastic vows, and later became abbot of the Polychron monastery on the Bithynian Olympus (Asia Minor). Cyril from a young age was distinguished by a craving for science and exceptional philological abilities. He was educated in Constantinople by the greatest scholars of his time - Leo the Grammarian and Photius (the future patriarch). After training, he took the priesthood, acted as a librarian, according to another version - a scefophylax (vessel guardian) of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople and taught philosophy. In 851-852, as part of the embassy of an asikrit (court secretary), George arrived at the court of the Arab Caliph Muttawakil, where he had theological disputes with Muslim scholars.

Cyril and Methodius compiled the Slavic alphabet, translated several liturgical books from Greek into Slavonic (including selected readings from the Gospel, the apostolic letters and the Psalter), which contributed to the introduction and spread of Slavic worship, and also, relying on deep knowledge of Greek and Eastern cultures and summarizing the experience of Slavic writing, they offered the Slavs their own alphabet.

The legacy of Cyril and Methodius had a huge impact on the culture of the Slavic states: Bulgaria (and through it - Rus' and Serbia), the Czech Republic, Croatia (in the latter, the Glagolitic written tradition was preserved until modern times). The writing system developed by Cyril and Methodius had a huge impact on the development of Russian literature and literature. In the minds of many generations of Slavs, Cyril and Methodius are symbols of Slavic writing and Slavic culture.

The cult of Cyril and Methodius became widespread in all Slavic countries, both Orthodox and Catholic (the brothers were canonized shortly after their death). Established by the church in the X-XI centuries, the day of memory of Cyril and Methodius (May 24) in Bulgaria was subsequently turned into a holiday of national education and culture.

During the years of Soviet power, this holiday was unfairly forgotten and restored only in 1986. The idea of resuming the nationwide, public celebration of the memory of Saints Cyril and Methodius and the Days of Slavic Literature and Culture in Russia was born in 1985, when the Slavic peoples, together with the world community, celebrated the 1100th anniversary of the death of Saint Methodius, Archbishop of Moravia and Pannonia.

On January 30, 1991, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, by its decree, declared May 24 the Holiday of Slavic Literature and Culture, thereby giving it state status.

The International Scientific Conference "Slavic World: Commonality and Diversity" is traditionally held.

As part of the Days of Slavic Literature and Culture, the awarding ceremony for the laureates of the International Prize of St. Equal-to-the-Apostles brothers Cyril and Methodius, established by the Moscow Patriarchate and the Slavic Fund of Russia. It is awarded to state and public figures, figures of literature and art for the preservation and development of the Cyril and Methodius heritage. The laureates of the award are presented with a bronze sculpture of the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles brothers Cyril and Methodius, a diploma and a commemorative medal.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources

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