Tretyakov Gallery brief information. The most famous masterpieces of the Tretyakov Gallery Tretyakovskaya

• One of the largest art galleries Russia And.
• Exhibits - works Russian classical art of the XI-beginning of the XX century.
• Tretyakov Gallery consists of two buildings located at different addresses.
• The main building (Lavrushinsky Lane) presents a collection out of 170,000 works- world-class masterpieces.
• Visitors can look at ancient Russian icon painting - Orthodox icons of the 11th-13th centuries, the "Trinity" Andrey Rublev(1420s), etc.
• Paintings by famous Russian masters, sculptures and works of arts and crafts.
• Souvenir and bookstores, cafe and restaurant "Brothers Tretyakov".

The State Tretyakov Gallery is one of the largest art museums in Russia. Unlike other major Moscow museum - State Museum fine arts named after Pushkin with his extensive collection foreign art, - the Tretyakov Gallery exhibits primarily Russian classical art. Here are paintings, sculptures, icons and works of arts and crafts from the 11th to the beginning of the 20th century. We note right away that usually the Tretyakov Gallery means its main building, located in Lavrushinsky Lane. And Russian painting of the 20th century (including works by K. Malevich, M. Larionov, and others) is exhibited separately, in the building of the Tretyakov Gallery on Krymsky Val (Krymsky Val, 10). In addition, interesting temporary exhibitions are held in the Engineering Building of the Tretyakov Gallery, located at 12 Lavrushinsky per.

The exposition area of ​​the main building is more than 12 thousand square meters and is divided into 62 thematic halls. The collection of the Tretyakov Gallery has more than 170 thousand works. Here are collected masterpieces of medieval Russian icon painting, as well as paintings by I. Aivazovsky, M. Vrubel, K. Bryullov, V. Vasnetsov and dozens of other famous Russian masters. The museum exhibits world-class masterpieces, such as the icon "Trinity" by A. Rublev, the monumental paintings "The Appearance of Christ to the People" by A. Ivanov and "Boyar Morozova" by V. Surikov, amazing landscapes by I. Levitan and A. Kuindzhi. The museum has book and souvenir shops, cafes and the Tretyakov Brothers restaurant.

The building of the Tretyakov Gallery in Lavrushinsky Lane is located in one of the most beautiful historical districts of Moscow -. This is one of the few areas where buildings of the 18th-19th centuries have been largely preserved. A few steps from the Tretyakov Gallery are unique in their architecture the Marfo-Mariinsky Convent, the Church of St. Clement of the Pope and the Church of the Resurrection of Christ in Kadashevskaya Sloboda. In the area of ​​the beautiful pedestrian Pyatnitskaya street there is a large selection of cafes and restaurants for every taste.

The history of the creation of the museum

The opening of the museum in the second half of the 19th century was a significant event in cultural life Russia. Thanks to the initiative of one person - P. Tretyakov (1832-1898) - a museum was created national art. Pyotr Tretyakov was not only a successful entrepreneur, but also a fine collector. He was especially interested in the work of contemporary young realist artists and supported them in every possible way. Tretyakov wrote: “I don’t need rich nature, no magnificent composition, no miracles. Give me at least a dirty puddle, so that there is truth in it, poetry; and poetry can be in everything, this is the work of the artist. Closely communicating with the authors, Pavel Mikhailovich acquired many works by artists of the Association of Traveling Exhibitions (I. Repin, V. Surikov, A. Savrasov, etc.), some of which became symbols of the museum. Along with the Russian Museum in St. Petersburg, the Tretyakov Gallery has one of the world's two finest collections of Russian art.

milestone the year 1904 turned out to be in the history of the gallery, when a new facade was built in the neo-Russian style, designed by . Over time, this facade became " calling card» Museum. After the socialist revolution of 1917, the museum's collections expanded significantly due to the nationalization of private and centralization regional meetings and was constantly replenished during the entire subsequent period. In 1995, the main building of the gallery in Lavrushinsky Lane underwent a large-scale reconstruction.

Collection and masterpieces

In the Tretyakov Gallery, the visitor has a great opportunity to get acquainted with ancient Russian icon painting. The museum has an excellent collection in terms of quantity and quality of works. Orthodox icons. Here you can see icons from the pre-Mongolian period - XI-XIII centuries. famous miraculous icon"Our Lady of Vladimir" is located in the neighboring (Maly Tolmachevsky lane, 9), which can be accessed directly from the gallery building. The Tretyakov Gallery houses the "Trinity" by A. Rublev (1420s), the work of the legendary Dionysius and Theophan the Greek. Icons of the 17th century deserve special mention, they are distinguished by an abundance of details, the finest elaboration of details, and the narrative of the visual image. In addition to icons, in the halls with ancient Russian art you can see the mosaic "Dmitry of Thessalonica" from the St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery in Kyiv.

In the 18th century, secular painting began to develop in Russia. There are paintings of non-church content, painted on canvas with oil. The portrait genre was especially popular at that time. In the halls dedicated painting XVIII century, you can also see still life and landscape: at this time in Russia, the process of formation of the hierarchy of genres familiar to the modern viewer begins. By the way, very interesting collection picturesque portraits of the XIX century is presented near the Tretyakov Gallery - in the Museum of V.A. Tropinin and Moscow artists of his time.

Most of the halls of the gallery are reserved for the exhibition of paintings of the 19th century, which became the heyday of Russian art. art school. The first half of the century is marked by the names of such masters as O. Kiprensky, A. Ivanov, K. Bryullov. The Tretyakov Gallery exhibits "The Appearance of Christ to the People" - a monumental work by Alexander Ivanov, on which he worked for 20 years. The dimensions of the canvas are 540 * 750 cm, and in 1932 it was added especially for this painting. separate room. In the picture, the viewer is presented with the moment of the coming of the Messiah. The artist is interested not so much in Christ himself as in the people who beheld him. The master comes up with his own story for each hero of the picture, models his reaction to what is happening. Numerous sketches for The Appearance of Christ are also displayed in the hall, and the visitor has the opportunity to see the artist's creative search while working on the painting.

The Tretyakov Gallery presents the most significant painting in the history of Russian art, Bogatyrs. This picture from heroic images artist Viktor Vasnetsov has been painting legendary warriors for almost twenty years. Researchers believe that the artist portrayed himself in the image of Dobrynya. And Ilya Muromets is not an epic hero, but a real one historical character XII century. Indeed, he has feats of arms, and in old age Ilya became a monk of the Kiev-Pechersk monastery.

A recognized masterpiece - "The Apotheosis of War" by Vasily Vereshchagin. The picture with the pyramid of skulls was painted in 1871 under the impression of a brutal massacre in Turkestan. The artist dedicated his work to "all the great conquerors" of the past, present and future.

As already mentioned, Pavel Tretyakov was very interested in the Association of Travelers art exhibitions- an art association founded in 1870. One of the teachers of the Wanderers was V. Perov, whose works occupy a separate room. Then the works of V. Surikov, I. Repin, I. Kramskoy, N. Ge are exhibited. In the second half of the 19th century, Russia actively developed landscape painting. Fans of this genre can enjoy the works of A. Savrasov, A. Kuindzhi, I. Aivazovsky, I. Levitan and others.

One of the significant exhibits of this section is the Boyar Morozova by Vasily Surikov. The gigantic painting represents an episode of the church schism in the 17th century and is dedicated to the well-known supporter of the old faith, Theodosia Morozova. In 1671, the noblewoman was arrested and exiled to the remote Pafnutev-Borovsky Monastery, where she later died of starvation. The canvas depicts the scene of Morozova's transportation to the place of confinement.

The hall of Mikhail Vrubel, one of the brightest Russian artists of all time, is interesting and unique. This hall is unusual in its size: it was specially built to accommodate the huge panel "Princess of Dreams". In the same hall you can see the paintings of the artist, including famous painting"Demon (sitting)", his graphics and majolica. The painting "The Swan Princess" was written by Vrubel in 1900 based on the work of A. S. Pushkin "The Tale of Tsar Saltan" and the opera of the same name by N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov. Mikhail Vrubel designed this opera for a stage production, and his wife Nadezhda performed the part of the Swan Princess in the performance. Vrubel spoke of her voice like this: "Other singers sing like birds, and Nadia - like a person."

Near the hall of M. Vrubel there is a staircase that leads back to the 1st floor, where paintings and sculptures of the early 20th century are presented. In the art of those years, there is a craving for the search for new forms, new solutions. The socially oriented art of the Wanderers, which persistently requires the viewer to critically comprehend social problems, is being replaced by the spontaneity and lightness of the language of the artists of the new generation. Their love for light, for life, for beauty - all this is clearly seen, for example, in the famous "Portrait of a Girl with Peaches" by V. Serov.

Finally, rooms 49-54 should be mentioned, where graphics and arts and crafts are exhibited. The exposition in these halls changes regularly, so every time you visit you can find something new for yourself. Room 54 houses the Gallery's Treasury, a collection of precious metals and precious stones: icons, books, sewing, small plastic, objects jewelry art XII-XX centuries.

We arrived at the Tretyakov Gallery, having booked a tour in advance. Schoolchildren themselves expressed a desire to get acquainted with the work of Arkhip Kuindzhi. The children were divided into two groups, each of which got its own guide. The first group was very lucky. They were met by a young, cheerful girl, Benidovskaya Anna Mikhailovna, who clearly loves her job. The guide was so positive, she tried very hard to make the students like it, so that they learned something new, so that this new thing remained in their memory. No one wanted to leave, the children looked at the paintings and paint samples with pleasure. But the second group was not lucky at all. They were met from the very beginning by a hostile tour guide, Yegorova Elena Nikolaevna, who constantly tried to humiliate them, exposing the "current young generation" as stupid, not ready to perceive information by people from "Silicon Valley", who only do what they do by sitting in their gadgets and doing nothing. interested. During the tour, the phrases were constantly heard: "With my many years of experience, I certainly know that you will not be able to answer correctly ...", "well, if you are tired, then I will not show you anything else, and we will go to the next room at all we won’t go”, “well, how do you know ?!”, “all the young people tell me that, which, of course, is wrong.” Of course, the children, whose dignity was constantly humiliated, had no desire to participate in the so-called interactive game "Guess what picture ...", there was. Instead of enjoying the art, resentment was born in the children. They began to intentionally lag behind the group. We, adults, were ashamed of such a guide who knew a lot interesting information, but, apparently, she is already so "burnt out" at her work that it is time for her to tie up with work. Excursion for each group cost 5000 rubles. For Moscow, the amount is probably small, but nevertheless it turned out that the money was paid for being accused of illiteracy, ignorance and ignorance. Is it worth it to go on an excursion to the capital?! In addition, when the children began to discuss the exhibition among themselves, it turned out that the second group was not shown everything that the first saw. For example, the composition and samples of paints with which paintings were painted, and a movie about the artist. Schoolchildren from the second group left the gallery in a bad mood, dissatisfied and dissatisfied, and at home shared their feelings with their parents. In further conversations, it turned out that some children from our city faced a similar attitude in the gallery. It is possible that for the same reason.
We would like to wish the leadership of the excursion department and the gallery as a whole to pay attention to this extraordinary situation, because, despite the deep knowledge of the guide, such an attitude towards children, and even more so guests of the city, is clearly unacceptable!
Potential Visitors! If you book a tour, pay attention to the names!

Content Topics

Every self-respecting world capital has its own art museum. Examples? Please! The Metro in New York, the Prado in Madrid, of course, the Louvre in Paris. In London there is the National Gallery, in Moscow there is the Tretyakov Gallery.

She is the pearl of the capital, one of her symbols with the real face of Russian art. Moreover, within the walls of the Tretyakov Gallery is stored largest collection Russian fine arts from the 11th and 21st centuries, from ancient icon painting to modern avant-garde.

Tourists from all over the world strive to discover this treasury of painting for themselves: if you haven’t been to the Tretyakov Gallery, you haven’t known the Russian soul!

Both those who are far from art and those who are ready to spend hours looking at great canvases, the play of light and shadow, brilliant stories and priceless icons come to its halls. And the Tretyakov Gallery for more than 160 years continues to stand on its four pillars: the preservation, research, presentation and popularization of Russian art.

How to get there, photo?

• Metro: Tretyakovskaya, Tretyakovskaya, Polyanka
• Official website: tretyakovgallery.ru
• Working mode:
  • Mon - Closed;
  • Tue, Wed, Sun 10:00 - 18:00;
  • Thu, Fri, Sat10:00 - 21:00
• Address: 119017, Moscow, Lavrushinsky lane, 10

Tickets, prices

You can buy tickets at ticket.tretyakovgallery.ru. Prices:

• Tretyakov Gallery
  • Adult — 500 rubles.
  • Preferential - 200 rubles.
  • Under 18 - Free
• Complex admission ticket(Lavrushinsky per., 10 and Crimean Val, 10)
  • Adult — 800 rubles.
  • Preferential - 300 rubles.
  • Under 18 - Free
• Complex entrance ticket (Lavrushinsky per., 10 and Lavrushinsky per., 12)
  • Adult — 800 rubles.
  • Preferential - 300 rubles.
  • Under 18 - Free

Free visit days

• 1st and 2nd Sunday of each month - for students of higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation upon presentation of a student ID card (“trainee student” is not suitable);
• for students of secondary and secondary special educational institutions (from 18 years old);
• every Saturday - for members of large families (citizens of Russia and CIS countries);

To obtain a ticket, you must contact the box office and present the necessary documents.

Plan of the halls of the Tretyakov Gallery

• First floor

• Second floor

Virtual tour of the Tretyakov Gallery

Founding father of the gallery

Without a doubt, without the merchant Pavel Tretyakov, there would be no art gallery. It is to him that Moscow owes the discovery art museum. But Pavel Mikhailovich had nothing to do with culture: his family was engaged in commerce, and he had no choice but to get involved in the business of his parents. The well-known merchant family Tretyakov continued, but the young manufacturer did not leave the thought of art either. At the age of 24, he acquired two oil paintings by artists V. Khudyakov and N. Schilder, which the public had not heard of. But today their names are known to connoisseurs and lovers of painting. From that moment, in 1856, the beginning of the Tretyakov collection and the future gallery was underway.

The merchant dreamed of opening a museum of Russian art. He studied the art market, and from the late 50s he acquired the best paintings.

Pavel Tretyakov was not just a collector, but a person with broad cultural knowledge. Even the artists themselves called his instinct diabolical, and Tretyakov himself said that he worked exclusively for the Russian people. He did not miss exhibitions in the capitals, visited workshops and bought works of art even before they appeared on display. It was said that even the king, approaching the paintings that he liked, saw the sign “Purchased by P.M. Tretyakov.

The famous philanthropist and collector not only collected paintings outstanding artists, but also supported beginners, promoted their creativity. Through the efforts of Pavel Mikhailovich, many geniuses of painting became known late XIX century.

It is known that he was especially interested in the Wanderers: his house was even called that - the house of the Wanderers. Actually, some of the contemporary painters, for example, I. Kramskoy. It is his brush that belongs famous portrait Tretyakov himself. He literally saved A. Savrasov from poverty. However, buying up the paintings that he liked, Tretyakov did not let many artists sink into obscurity and poverty. And he continued to acquire paintings by V. Perov, I. Shishkin and others, which have become their most famous today.

The collection of V. Vereshchagin became an expensive acquisition for the gallery. Behind oriental flavor in the paintings and sketches that captured Turkestan, the patron laid out 92 thousand rubles. Truly, Tretyakov managed to collect a unique collection of portraits. He had to persuade some heroes personally, as happened with Leo Tolstoy. The philanthropist specially ordered portraits of those who glorified Russia to the artists. Images of great composers, writers and musicians: Fyodor Dostoevsky, Nikolai Nekrasov, Mikhail Mussorgsky have settled in the gallery forever.

Connoisseurs separately talk about the portrait of Maria Lopukhina by master V. Borovikovsky, and call it the pearl of the collection. It was Tretyakov who managed to put an end to the rumors associated with this "bad" picture. After he acquired the work for his collection, the portrait began to be spoken of as a harbinger of the imminent death of every young girl who looked at him. The fact is that notoriety trailed behind all the images of the woman who had lived an unhappy and short life Mary, for the most part, because of her father, a mystic and Freemason.

Portrait of Maria Lopukhina. Creator Borovikovsky Vladimir

But under the order of Tretyakov, the artists painted not only portraits. True landscapes of Russian life, historical sketches were also a collector's passion. It is quite possible that neither contemporaries nor descendants would ever have seen the painting “Hymn of the Pythagoreans” if the patron had not ordered this now famous painting by F.A. Bronnikov.

"Hymn of the Pythagoreans rising sun» 1869 Oil on canvas 99.7 x 161. F.A. Bronnikov.

The picture adorned the living room of the Tretyakov estate, and was a favorite work of art by the wife of an art connoisseur, Vera Nikolaevna. She supported her husband in avoiding excesses, despite the wealth. After sacrificing luxury, it was possible to save money in favor of acquiring works of art. And, relying on his own taste and predilections, Tretyakov continued to replenish the collection. By the opening of the city gallery, the collection was already impressive: sculptures, more than 1200 Russian paintings and more than 80 foreign ones, five hundred drawings.

P. M. Tretyakov decided to donate the fruits of his many years of work to Moscow in 1892. This is how the first public art museum appeared.

He was in Tretyakov's own estate. The collection expanded, and the mansion grew with it. Four times during the life of the patron, the family nest was upset, new walls were needed for a rich exposition. Of course, a worker of art, but first and foremost a merchant, Tretyakov imagined what difficulties descendants could expect in maintaining such a large fund and replenishing the collection. Therefore, he bequeathed 275 thousand rubles for the repair and purchase of new masterpieces. In addition, he presented a truly priceless collection of ancient Russian icons. Well, during his lifetime, he permanently held the post of manager of the gallery.

After the death of Pavel Tretyakov, the good deed of creating the museum was picked up by other philanthropists who were not indifferent to the fate of Russian art. And each of them remembered that the founding father of the gallery saw it not as a simple repository of works of art, but precisely those samples that would convey the very essence of the Russian soul. Since then, the Tretyakov Gallery - main museum national art of Russia.

"Tretyakovka" without Tretyakov

The bequeathed capital was sufficient to maintain the gallery. What was missing were rooms to house the collection. The merchant estate of the Tretyakovs was rebuilt, overgrown with outbuildings. Already in the early nineties famous artist Viktor Vasnetsov developed the sketches, according to which a unique facade appeared - now it is the emblem of the museum. The neo-Russian style only emphasizes that here the Russian spirit and smells of Russia.

Whole Soviet period The Tretyakov Gallery changed names, types of property, trustees, but invariably expanded and replenished.

Under the direction of the architect Igor Grabar, the exposition began to be formed chronologically. The so-called European type. But the main thing is that the State Art Fund appeared, and the collection continued to grow, including at the expense of exhibits confiscated from rich private collections. The museum's collection consisted of about 4,000 exhibits. The so-called "Schusev" period was famous for the expansion of not only the funds, but also the walls: the Tretyakov Gallery passed another former merchant's estate. She housed the scientific departments, it kept graphics, as well as a library. book fund The Tretyakov Gallery can be considered a real asset: it contains more than 200 thousand publications about art and its trends.

The fatal forties made their adjustments to the life of the gallery. The museums of the capital were being prepared for evacuation, and the Tretyakov Gallery was no exception. Her funds were taken out for more than a year. Priceless canvases were cut out of frames, shifted with sheets of paper, closed in waterproof boxes and evacuated. 17 wagons delivered the exhibits to the capital of Siberia. But the building of the Tretyakov Gallery, nothing could hide from the bombing.

But still, post-war life turned out to be eventful. When life entered a peaceful course, and the paintings returned to their native walls, the administration and cultural workers began to prepare for the 100th anniversary of the museum.

New works of art were acquired, among which were paintings by Savrasov, Petrov-Vodkin, Vrubel. It became clear that the existing space was sorely lacking, because in 1956, the anniversary year for the gallery, there were more than 35,000 items of cultural value!

The issue of expansion was inherited by all the authorities of the USSR. This is how the depository and the new engineering building appeared. Under director Yu.K. To the Queen, the church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi entered the museum, and the main building itself was closed for reconstruction. The collection also grew: by 1975, state purchases expanded the funds to 55,000 paintings and sculptures.

By the mid-1990s, in spite of any unrest, the Gallery grew into 10 halls at once. There are exhibitions of sculptures from the Middle Ages to the present day, entire rooms have been dedicated to individual paintings. In addition, the expansion of the area made it possible to increase the expositions themselves.

Today, the Tretyakov Gallery has more than 170,000 exhibits, among which ancient Russian icons and the Russian avant-garde are of particular pride.

The collection of works by the Wanderers is considered one of the most complete, and the Russian painting presented in the museum, starting from the 12th century, is unique both in content and content.

The best exhibits of the Tretyakov Gallery

Perhaps what is worth talking about right away is the collection of ancient Russian painting. It is based on more than 50 icons collected from all over Rus' and once kept in the Assumption Cathedral of the Kremlin. Works of spiritual art date back to the XII-XIII centuries. and present the best examples of icon painting. In the Tretyakov Gallery, the mosaic from the Mikhailovsky Golden-Domed Monastery in Kyiv, destroyed during the Soviet era, found its last refuge. And even if visitors have never heard of the Greek and Dionysius, Andrei Rublev's name should be familiar. His icons belong to world spiritual art.

Andrei Rublev. Painting "Holy Trinity".

Religious themes, however, are not limited to the collection of icons. The painting by A. Ivanov with the plot of the appearance of Christ to the people has become one of the most significant in early XIX century. For two decades, the artist worked on a grandiose canvas in Italy, and today a separate room has been allocated for the work of art, so that viewers can fully experience the spirituality and quest of the author. Visitors can remember their emotions, and only carry away images in memory, since cameras are not allowed in the Tretyakov Gallery.

Ivanov, The Appearance of Christ to the People.

The gallery has truly unique canvas- an image of Count Golovkin by the first professional Russian artist. Ivan Nikitin was the favorite of Peter I, who was the first to send young talents to study abroad. The reformer wanted Russian painters not to be inferior in skill to European ones. That is why I. Nikitin went to study in Europe and honed his artistic craft at the Florentine Academy.

The work of the first graduates of the Academy of Arts is also worth attention. To be convinced of the gift of portrait painters, you just need to look at the paintings of F. Rokotov and A. Losenko.

The most complete in the Tretyakov Gallery are the "heroes" of Russian painting I. Repin, V. Surikov and V. Vasnetsov. Pavel Tretyakov revered these masters especially, because in their works they conveyed the spirit of the country, dramatic events Russian history and rich folklore of Rus'. A whole scattering of masterpieces awaits visitors to the gallery.

Picture Three heroes. Viktor Vasnetsov.

But with the picture where Ivan the Terrible kills his son, it is truly connected dramatic story. In 1913, a vandal cut the canvas in such a way that the restorers had to draw faces almost in a new way. At that time, the keeper of the Gallery was E. M. Khruslov, who was so worried about the incident that he threw himself under a steam locomotive.

Painting Ivan the Terrible kills his son

P. M. Tretyakov was known for his love of landscapes, their truth and poetry of life. And especially for the patron best artists they painted pictures that, although made to order, are not devoid of soul. Among the best landscape painters in the Tretyakov Gallery are F. Vasiliev, A. Kuindzhi, A. Savrasov. Contemporaries called his work about the arriving rooks nothing less than "the soul of the Russian people." And, of course, the Gallery presents the “hero of the Russian forest” I. Shishkin. romantic direction Russian artists Serov, Vrubel and Levitan will not leave indifferent any visitor, and is known to almost everyone - at least according to the school curriculum.

Do not forget that the Tretyakov Gallery stores the most complete collection vanguard. Artists united in such societies as the "Jack of Diamonds" and "Donkey's Tail" laid the foundation for avant-garde art, and among other names of artists, K. Malevich stands apart. The principles of the so-called non-objective art were discovered precisely in Russian art. And the "Black Square" became its symbol. By the way, it is this example of Suprematism that remains one of the most discussed in the Tretyakov Gallery to this day. The surrealism of M. Chagall and V. Kandinsky, the cubism and futurism of the "Amazons" of the Russian avant-garde, the constructivism of V. Tatlin and A. Rodchenko - they can be used to trace the history of the formation of Russian painting and its currents.

The Tretyakov Gallery today is not just a museum, it is a real center for the study of art. The voice of experts and restorers of the Tretyakov Gallery is heeded all over the world. And they continue the traditions laid down by the founding father of the museum: preservation, research and presentation domestic art. After all, a Russian person has a gift not only to transfer what he sees to the canvas, but also to animate.

For the knowledge of the Russian soul, its breadth, power and spirituality, thousands of people of all nationalities and religions come to the Tretyakov Gallery. So, the efforts of Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov were not in vain.

Days of free visits at the museum

Every Wednesday, admission to the permanent exhibition "The Art of the 20th Century" and temporary exhibitions in (Krymsky Val, 10) is free for visitors without a guided tour (except for the exhibition "Ilya Repin" and the project "Avant-garde in three dimensions: Goncharova and Malevich").

Right free admission expositions in the main building in Lavrushinsky Lane, the Engineering Building, the New Tretyakov Gallery, the house-museum of V.M. Vasnetsov, museum-apartment of A.M. Vasnetsov is provided in next days for certain categories of citizens:

First and second Sunday of every month:

for students of higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation, regardless of the form of education (including foreign citizens-students of Russian universities, graduate students, adjuncts, residents, assistant trainees) upon presentation of a student card (does not apply to persons presenting student trainee cards) );

for students of secondary and secondary specialized educational institutions (from 18 years old) (citizens of Russia and the CIS countries). On the first and second Sundays of each month, students holding ISIC cards have the right to visit the exhibition “Art of the 20th Century” at the New Tretyakov Gallery free of charge.

every Saturday - for members of large families (citizens of Russia and CIS countries).

Please note that conditions for free access to temporary exhibitions may vary. Check the exhibition pages for details.

Attention! At the ticket office of the Gallery, entrance tickets are provided with a face value of "free of charge" (upon presentation of the relevant documents - for the above-mentioned visitors). At the same time, all services of the Gallery, including excursion services, are paid in accordance with the established procedure.

Museum visit in holidays

Dear visitors!

Please pay attention to the opening hours of the Tretyakov Gallery on holidays. The visit is paid.

Please note that entry with electronic tickets is carried out in the order general queue. With return policy electronic tickets you can check on .

Congratulations on the upcoming holiday and we are waiting in the halls of the Tretyakov Gallery!

Right preferential visit The Gallery, except as provided for by a separate order of the Gallery's management, is provided upon presentation of documents confirming the right to preferential visits:

• pensioners (citizens of Russia and CIS countries),
• full cavaliers of the Order of Glory,
• students of secondary and secondary special educational institutions (from 18 years old),
• students of higher educational institutions of Russia, as well as foreign students studying in Russian universities (except for student trainees),
• members of large families (citizens of Russia and CIS countries).

Visitors of the above categories of citizens purchase a reduced ticket.

Right of free admission The main and temporary expositions of the Gallery, except for cases provided for by a separate order of the Gallery's management, are provided for the following categories of citizens upon presentation of documents confirming the right to free admission:

• persons under the age of 18;
• students of faculties specializing in the field of fine arts of secondary specialized and higher educational institutions of Russia, regardless of the form of education (as well as foreign students studying in Russian universities). The clause does not apply to persons presenting student cards of "trainee students" (in the absence of information about the faculty in the student card, certificate is provided from educational institution with the obligatory indication of the faculty);
• veterans and invalids of the Great Patriotic War, participants in hostilities, former underage prisoners of concentration camps, ghettos and other places of detention created by the Nazis and their allies during World War II, illegally repressed and rehabilitated citizens (citizens of Russia and the CIS countries);
• conscripts Russian Federation;
• Heroes Soviet Union, Heroes of the Russian Federation, Full Cavaliers of the "Order of Glory" (citizens of Russia and CIS countries);
• disabled people of groups I and II, participants in the liquidation of the consequences of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (citizens of Russia and the CIS countries);
• one accompanying disabled person of group I (citizens of Russia and CIS countries);
• one accompanying disabled child (citizens of Russia and CIS countries);
• artists, architects, designers - members of the respective creative unions Russia and its constituent entities, art historians - members of the Association of Art Critics of Russia and its constituent entities, members and employees Russian Academy arts;
• members of the International Council of Museums (ICOM);
• employees of museums of the system of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation and the relevant Departments of Culture, employees of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation and ministries of culture of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
• museum volunteers - entrance to the exposition "Art of the XX century" (Krymsky Val, 10) and to the Museum-apartment of A.M. Vasnetsov (citizens of Russia);
• guide-interpreters who have an accreditation card of the Association of Guide-Translators and Tour Managers of Russia, including those accompanying a group of foreign tourists;
• one teacher of an educational institution and one accompanying a group of students of secondary and secondary specialized educational institutions (if there is an excursion voucher, subscription); one teacher of an educational institution with state accreditation educational activities in an agreed training session and having a special badge (citizens of Russia and CIS countries);
• one accompanying a group of students or a group of military servicemen (if there is an excursion voucher, subscription and during a training session) (citizens of Russia).

Visitors of the above categories of citizens receive an entrance ticket with a face value of "Free".

Please note that conditions for preferential admission to temporary exhibitions may vary. Check the exhibition pages for details.

Guide to Architectural Styles

In St. Petersburg, Tretyakov saw a collection of paintings by Fyodor Pryanishnikov. He was struck by the works of Tropinin, Venetsianov, and especially the "Major's Matchmaking" and "The Fresh Cavalier" by Fedotov. The owner of the collection offered it for 70,000 rubles. Tretyakov did not have that kind of money, and then Pryanishnikov recommended buying paintings from the artists themselves: it was cheaper that way.

Pavel Mikhailovich went to the workshops of the capital's painters, and Nikolai Schilder saw the work "Temptation": a seriously ill woman is on the bed, and next to her is a matchmaker with an offer of a profitable marriage for her daughter. The heroine of the picture refused, but her determination was fading, because her mother urgently needed money for medicines. This story stirred up Tretyakov himself, whose lover in the same situation could not reject the offer of a rich boyfriend. Pavel Mikhailovich did not reveal this secret to anyone in order to preserve the good name of the girl, but he bought the painting by Schilder. This is how the principle of the collection was determined: no ceremonial portraits - only realism and lively subjects.

Pavel Tretyakov replenished the collection throughout his life. It was located in his house in Lavrushensky Lane. The Tretyakovs bought it from the merchants Shestovs back in 1851. And in 1860, Pavel Mikhailovich wrote the first will, where he allocated 150,000 rubles for the creation of a gallery of paintings by Russian artists. For this good cause, he bequeathed his collection and offered to buy several more collections. His brother, Sergei Tretyakov, was also a collector, but collected Western art.

Pavel Mikhailovich gave preference exclusively to Russian artists.

For example, he did not buy paintings by Semiramidsky, as he presented his best work to Krakow. When choosing paintings, Tretyakov relied on his own taste. Once, at an exhibition of the Wanderers, art critics rushed to criticize Nesterov's Bartholomew. They convinced Tretyakov that the painting should be removed. After listening to the arguments, Pavel Mikhailovich replied that he had bought this work long before the exhibition, and would have bought it again even after the angry tirade of his opponents.

Soon Tretyakov began to have a huge impact on the development of art. He could demand that the artists make changes. He ordered portraits of those persons whom he considered worthy for the gallery. So Herzen, Nekrasov, Saltykov-Shchedrin appeared there. And Konstantin Ton or Apollo Maykov seemed to not exist for him.

Every young artist (and old one too) cherished dream I had to get into his gallery, and mine even more so: after all, my father had long ago announced to me half-seriously that all my medals and titles would not convince him that I was a “ready artist” until my picture was in the gallery.

True, Tretyakov had a rival in the field of collecting. And what - myself Alexander III! The tsar was furious when he saw the Wanderers at exhibitions the best works the note “Property of P.M. Tretyakov. But often he managed to interrupt the price offered by Pavel Mikhailovich. So already Nicholas II, in memory of his father, bought from Surikov for fabulous money "The Conquest of Siberia by Ermak." The artist promised this picture to Tretyakov, but could not resist a good deal. And he gave the sketch of the work to the philanthropist free of charge. He is still exhibited in the gallery.

All this did not prevent the Tretyakov collection from growing, and the architect Kaminsky rebuilt the gallery building several times.

In the winter of 1887, Pavel Tretyakov's beloved son died of scarlet fever. His last words were a request to go to church. And then Pavel Mikhailovich began to collect icons.

In 1892, after the death of Sergei Tretyakov, the brothers' collections were merged. Pavel Mikhailovich donated them and the building in Lavrushensky Lane to Moscow. This is how the Tretyakov Gallery Museum appeared.

At the time of foundation, the collection included 1,369 paintings, 454 drawings, 19 sculptures, 62 icons. Pavel Tretyakov received the title of honorary citizen of Moscow and remained a trustee of the Tretyakov Gallery until his death. He continued to replenish the collection of the Tretyakov Gallery at his own expense. And this required the expansion of the exposition area, so new premises were added to the mansion. At the same time, the gallery bore the name of both brothers, although, in fact, it was the collection of Pavel Mikhailovich.

After the death of the patron, the facade of the Tretyakov Gallery was rebuilt according to the sketches of V.M. Vasnetsov in the form of a fabulous tower. Above the entrance to the museum appeared a bas-relief of the saint and the name written in Old Russian script.

In 1913, the Moscow City Duma appointed Igor Grabar as a trustee of the Tretyakov Gallery. He turned the Tretyakov Gallery into a European-style museum with chronological exposition.

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The principles of choosing paintings for the collection have also changed. Already in 1900, the gallery bought Vasnetsov's Alyonushka from von Meck. Previously rejected by Tretyakov.

And in 1925, contrary to the will of the founders of the Tretyakov Gallery, its collection was divided. Part of the collection was transferred to the Museum of Western Painting (now the Museum fine arts named after A.S. Pushkin), and some paintings were taken to the Hermitage.

But in the collection of the Tretyakov Gallery there were real treasures. The most complete is the art collection of the second half of XIX century - it has no equal. Here are just some of the masterpieces of the Tretyakov Gallery: "They did not expect", "Ivan the Terrible and his son Ivan" I.E. Repin, “Morning of the Streltsy Execution”, “Menshikov in Berezovo”, “Boyar Morozova” by V.I. Surikov, "Trinity" by A. Rublev, "Apotheosis of War" by V. Vereshchagin, "The Tempest" by I. Aivazovsky, "The Last Day of Pompeii" by K. Bryullov, "Bogatyrs" by V. Vasnetsov, Portrait of A.S. Pushkin by O. Kiprensky, "Unknown" by I. Kramskoy, " Golden autumn"I. Levitan, "Troika" by V. Perov, "Unequal Marriage" by V. Pukirev, "The Rooks Have Arrived" by A. Savrasov, "Princess Tarakanova" by K. Flavitsky. There is a separate room where the “Appearance of Christ to the People” by A.A. Ivanova. In the Vrubel Hall you can see the "Princess of the Dream", "The Swan Princess", majolica. And the paintings of P.A. Fedotov was usually accompanied by poetry.

I fresh cavalier,
And now it's clear to everyone
I will be an example to everyone
And everything will count.
I'm a fresh cavalier
I'm an imposing guy
This satin fleur
It suits me very well.
Open the door wider
For some reason I'm hot
I deserve a cross
And glory to me
I'm a fresh cavalier
Come close to me, cook
And show kindness
You are my night time.
Now I'm like an actor
I am Hamlet, I am Othello
splendid dignity,
I shine like a portrait
And my satin fleur
Thrown so skillfully
And even my trestle bed
Everyone radiates light.
I have a cross
But that's not enough for me
I'm a fresh cavalier
I am the conqueror of ladies
I'll wait for a day like this
How do I become a general?
And I will be an example to everyone
For daughters and mothers...

Among the treasures of the Tretyakov Gallery there are real secrets.

For example, in the painting "Morning in pine forest”Only Shishkin is listed as the author, although Savitsky wrote the bears. But Pavel Tretyakov, who was not told about the second author, personally erased Savitsky's signature with turpentine.

Rokotov's painting "Unknown in a cocked hat" depicts a woman. Initially, it was a portrait of the artist's friend's first wife. When, having become a widow, he married a second time, he asked Rokotov to spare the feelings of his second wife, and the painter applied a second layer, turning the woman into a man, but did not touch his face.

And when in 1885 Pavel Mikhailovich bought Repin's painting "Ivan the Terrible and his son Ivan", he was forbidden to exhibit it. At first he showed the canvas in a narrow circle, and then hung it in a special room. In 1913, the Old Believer Abram Balashev came to the gallery with a knife in his boot and slashed the canvas. Fortunately, the painting has been restored.

On May 25, 2018, Repin's canvas suffered again: a resident of Voronezh, Igor Podporin, broke the glass and tore the canvas. He explained his actions by the fact that the picture depicts unreliable events. And on January 27, 2019, Arkhip Kuindzhi’s painting “Ai-Petri. Crimea". The perpetrator was quickly found, and the painting was returned.

Now the Tretyakov Gallery welcomes guests with a fabulous facade. And in the courtyard there is a monument to the founder - P.M. Tretyakov. He replaced the monument to I.V. Stalin of the work of S.D. Merkulov 1939.

They say that......the building of the Tretyakov Gallery was damaged during the Great Patriotic War: two high-explosive bombs broke the glass roof in several places, destroyed the interfloor ceilings of some halls and the main entrance. The restoration of the building began already in 1942, and in 1944 40 of the 52 halls were in operation, where the evacuated exhibits returned.
...girls are not allowed to look at the portrait of Maria Lopukhina in the Tretyakov Gallery for a long time. She died shortly after painting, and her father, a mystic and master of the Masonic Lodge, lured the spirit of his daughter into this portrait.
... the doormen of the Tretyakov Gallery did not let Ilya Repin near the paintings if he had brushes in his hands. The artist was so self-critical that he strove to correct already completed paintings.
...the collection of the Tretyakov Gallery almost perished in the flood of 1908. When Lavrushinsky began to flood with water, the building was surrounded by a brick wall, which was constantly built on to hold back the water. And the gallery workers at the time of the flood moved all the paintings to the second floor.
... in the Tretyakov Gallery there is a portrait of Ivan Abramovich Morozov against the backdrop of a still life by Henri Matisse. Keepers joke that Serov so accurately copied french artist, that in Russia there was one more painting by Matisse.

The Tretyakov Gallery in photographs of different years:

Could you complete the story about the Tretyakov Gallery?