Romanticism in European painting-presentation on MHK. Presentation on the theme "romanticism in literature and art" Presentations on romanticism in the visual arts

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• The era of the formation of romanticism.
• Model of the world in romanticism.
• Romantic hero (human concept).
• Romantic creativity concept.

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The era of the formation of romanticism

• Romanticism - literary direction arising on the eve of and after decisive shifts in history.
• What do you think historical events in Europe and Russia in the late 18th - early 19th centuries could become the basis for the emergence of romanticism?

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Rise of Romanticism in Europe

Eugene Delacroix "Freedom on the Barricades"

• The Great French Revolution stirred up the whole of Europe: the execution of the king, the overthrow of the monarchy, the proclamation of the republic - a flash of hope, confidence in the imminent arrival of "freedom, equality and fraternity."
• But the revolution soon turned into a Jacobin dictatorship, terror, and ended in a coup by the big bourgeoisie, with the establishment of Napoleon's empire.
• Hope - and disappointment!

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Something similar happened in Russia. Patriotic War 1812, promises of reforms by Emperor Alexander I, conviction the best minds and the hearts of Russia that "the desired time" of freedom will come.

But - the transformations promised by the tsar were still not carried out, the peasants - the recent winners in the war - again found themselves in a serf yoke. In Russia, the Decembrist movement is gaining strength as a response to the passionate desire for freedom. But in 1825, these dreams were destroyed on the Senate Square.

Hope and disappointment.

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romantic model of the world

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Remember the poem by Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov "Mtsyri"

• What was the main cause of death of the protagonist of this poem, the young monk Mtsyri?
• Why did the walls of the monastery never become his home, because in them he found salvation from death?

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Why do the three days of Mtsyra's escape become the main content of the poem? What are these days?

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romantic duality

The world in the perception of romantics is contradictory and disharmonic:

• on the one hand - reality, oppressive, gray, dooming to boredom and a dull existence, deprived of freedom, spirituality and joy,
• on the other hand, a dream, beautiful, attractive, but most often unattainable.

The discrepancy between the ideal and reality is called the romantic dual world: real world as if “tested” by the ideal, harmonious world created in the imagination. Between these two worlds is an impassable abyss.

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fantastic

A mixture of dream and reality, the theme of the night, aspiration to the infinite, longing for distant exotic lands - characteristics romanticism.

How does it feel in the picture English artist Johann Heinrich Fussli Nightmare»?

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romantic landscape: Look at the paintings of Ivan Aivazovsky and identify the main features of the romantic landscape.

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Why do romantics depict nature in its extreme states (Ivan Aivazovsky's painting The Ninth Wave)?

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Man and nature: how does Karl Bryullov's painting "The Last Day of Pompeii" reflect the relationship between man and nature?

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How does the world of nature appear in the works of romantics and what place does a person take in this world?

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin

Leap, winds, blow up the waters,
Destroy the doom stronghold.
Where are you, thunderstorm - a symbol of freedom?
Ride across the unwitting waters.

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William Turner "Shipwreck"

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Caspar David Friedrich "Death in the Ice"

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From M.Yu. Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri":

I ran. Oh I'm like a brother
I would be happy to embrace the storm!
With the eyes of the clouds I followed
I caught lightning with my hand ...
Tell me what's between these walls
Could you give me in return
That friendship is brief but alive
Between a stormy heart and a thunderstorm?

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Theodore Géricault "Crash Scene"

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Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky

Silent sea, azure sea,
I stand enchanted over your abyss.
You are alive; you breathe; confused love,
You are filled with anxiety.

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Ivan Aivazovsky "Calm Sea"

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Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin

The light of day has gone out;
Fog fell on the blue evening sea.
Noise, noise, obedient sail,
Wave under me, sullen ocean.

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Caspar David Friedrich "Two Contemplating the Moon"

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Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

How sweetly the dark green garden slumbers,
Embraced by the bliss of the blue night,
Through the apple trees, whitened with flowers,
How sweetly the golden moon shines!
Mysteriously, as on the first day of creation,
In the bottomless sky, the host of stars burns,
Distant music exclamations are heard,
The neighboring key speaks more audibly ...

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Caspar David Friedrich "The Dreamer"

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romantic man concept

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Turning to the lines of M.Yu. Lermontov and V.A. Zhukovsky, try to guess what is the essence of the personality of the romantic hero

Mikhail Yurjevich Lermontov:

I don't want the light to know
My mysterious story;
How I loved, for what I suffered,
That judge is only God and conscience!
Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky:
What happened to you suddenly, my heart?
What are you whining? What now
Boiled, blazed?
How to unravel you?

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Compare the paintings by D. Levitsky, V. Borovikovsky and K. Bryullov - what do the classicist, sentimentalist and romanticist emphasize first of all in a person?

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A graduate of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, who lived in Italy since 1822, Karl Bryullov is one of the brightest Russian romantics. The artist was attracted by outstanding, passionate, exotically beautiful people.

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Karl Bryullov. "Rider"

• What was most interesting for the artist in his heroine?
• How do the paints, the color scheme of the picture help to feel the thoughts and feelings of the artist, his attitude to the depicted?
• How is the internal energy of the depicted reflected in the composition of Bryullov's canvas?

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“The holiest of titles is man” (V.A. Zhukovsky)

Romanticism turns from the external world to the life of the soul, seeing in it the highest value. The desire to reflect all the subtleties state of mind, wealth inner world in all its complexity and inconsistency - the essence of the concept of man in romanticism.

How is this reflected in the self-portrait of Karl Bryullov?

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The portraits created by the romantic artist Orest Adamovich Kiprensky are full of psychological depth, they reveal the main, essential in the personality of a person (portraits of E.S. Avdulina, E. Davydov, A.S. Pushkin). Choose the most accurate, in your opinion, definition that reveals the main thing in the character of each of the characters in the paintings.

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Paintings by Alexei Venetsianov shine with soft lyricism. The artist lived almost without a break in the Tver province, observed with his own eyes peasant world and reflected it in the paintings - quiet, serene, dedicated to the care of the earth, subject to a measured rhythm.

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Alexei Venetsianov "On the arable land. Spring"

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The fate of a romantic hero

The fate of a romantic hero is most often tragic: challenging society, the crowd, fate, the whole world, the romantic turns out to be lonely, exiled, misunderstood, and often dies in this confrontation with fate.

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Romantic hero and society

What makes K. Bryullov’s painting “Portrait of Countess Yulia Pavlovna Samoilova, leaving the ball with adopted daughter Amacilia Pacini" and lines from poems:

Mikhail Lermontov:

I look to the future with fear
I look at the past with longing
And, like a criminal before execution,
I am looking for my soul around ...
George Byron:
I lived a little, but my heart is clear
That the world is alien to me, as I am to the world.

Why do you think the romantic hero is at odds with society?

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wandering

One of the central romantic images is a traveler, a wanderer - a person leaving the security and comfort of a home, going towards an unknown, possibly hostile world without a firm conviction that he will ever return back.

Caspar David Friedrich "Monk on the Seashore"

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romantic ideal

“The sphere of romanticism,” said V. Belinsky, “is the whole inner, intimate life of a person, that mysterious soil of the soul and heart, from where all indefinite aspirations for the better and the sublime rise, trying to find satisfaction in the ideals created by fantasy.”

One of the main categories in romanticism is the category of the ideal - a desire striving for limits that cannot be achieved by it.

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What becomes the ideal for the romantic heroes of these poems?

Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky:

I sit thinking in the soul of my dreams;
By the past times I fly with memories ...
About my spring days, how quickly you disappeared,
With your bliss and suffering!
Kondraty Fedorovich Ryleev:
So that I am younger
Lazy sleep killed!
So that I don't rush
Under the banner of freedom!
No no! To that forever
Won't happen to me
That pitiful man
Who is not captivated by glory!

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Why do you think many romantics looked for their ideal in the historical past?

Romantics often looked for their ideal of a free, spiritualized personality in the historical past, and therefore turned to the genres of historical story, short story, ballad, historical thought. The heroes of "Dum" by Kondraty Fedorovich Ryleev are Dmitry Donskoy, Ivan Susanin, Yermak, Bogdan Khmelnitsky (O. Kiprensky's painting "Dmitry Donskoy on the Kulikovo Field").

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• In music, the most striking romantics were Wagner, Schubert, Schumann, Liszt, Brahms, Chopin.
• Listen to an excerpt from the work of Wilhelm Richard Wagner.
• What did you imagine when this music sounded, why did your imagination create such pictures?
• Most place of honor in the hierarchy of the arts, the romantics assigned music precisely. Why do you think?
• What title would you suggest for this tune?

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"Romantic Hero." Try to summarize what you have learned.

Check yourself:

• The romantic hero is an exceptional person. He is great in his spirit, powerful passions, high aspirations, rebelliousness and unwillingness to put up with the ordinary and the prosaic essence of being.
• The inner world of the romantic hero is contradictory and complex. Man is a small Universe with his own elements and passions.
• The romantic hero strives for his ideal, most often unattainable, and therefore the lot of romance is loneliness, misunderstanding, "abandonment" in the world. The fate of a romantic hero is most often tragic.
• The ideal for romance is freedom, bright characters national history, bygone, fantastic.

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romantic creativity concept

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The Creator is ... Continue the phrase, referring to the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov:

I want to live! I want sadness
Love and happiness out of spite;
They spoiled my mind
And too smoothed the forehead.
It's time, it's time for the ridicule of the world
Drive away the fog of calm;
What is the life of a poet without suffering?
And what is the ocean without a storm?
He wants to live at the cost of pain,
At the cost of tedious worries.
He buys the sounds of heaven
He does not take glory for nothing.

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The creator, according to the romantics, is the chosen one. However, the payment for being chosen is high - loneliness and misunderstanding.

Romantics asserted the creative activity of an artist who creates his own, special world, more true than reality.

The Creator creates according to "the laws which he himself has recognized over himself." A genius does not obey the rules and regulations in art. Romantics defended the creative freedom of the artist, his responsibility, first of all, before God and his conscience.

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Determine the characteristics of romanticism: the model of the world; the concept of man; the concept of creativity.

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The presentation will introduce the works of outstanding painters of France, Germany, Spain and England of the era of romanticism.

Romanticism in European painting

Romanticism is a trend in the spiritual culture of the late 18th - first third of the 19th century. The reason for its appearance was disappointment in the results French Revolution. The motto of the revolution is "Freedom, Equality, Fraternity!" turned out to be utopian. The Napoleonic epic that followed the revolution and the gloomy reaction caused moods of disappointment in life, pessimism. In Europe, a new fashionable disease "World Sorrow" quickly spread and a new hero, yearning, wandering around the world in search of an ideal, and more often in search of death.

The content of romantic art

In an era of gloomy reaction, the English poet George Byron became the ruler of thoughts. His hero Childe Harold is a gloomy thinker, tormented by longing, wandering the world in search of death and parting with life without any regret. My readers, I'm sure, now remembered Onegin, Pechorin, Mikhail Lermontov. The main thing that distinguishes a romantic hero is the absolute rejection of a gray, everyday life. The romantic and the layman are antagonists.

"Oh let me bleed

But give me space soon.

I'm scared to suffocate here

In the damned world of merchants...

No, better vile vice

Robbery, violence, robbery,

Than bookkeeping morality

And the virtue of well-fed faces.

Hey cloud, take me away

Take it with you on a long journey

To Lapland, or to Africa,

Or at least to Stettin - somewhere!

G. Heine

Escape from the gray everyday life becomes the main content of the art of romanticism. Where can a romantic "escape" from the ordinary and dullness? If you are my dear reader, a romantic at heart, then easily answer this question. Firstly, the distant past becomes attractive for our hero, most often the Middle Ages with its noble knights, tournaments, mysterious castles, Beautiful Ladies. The Middle Ages were idealized and glorified in the novels of Walter Scott, Victor Hugo, in the poetry of German and English poets, in the operas of Weber, Meyerbeer, and Wagner. Walpole's Castle of Otranto, the first English "Gothic" horror novel, was published in 1764. In Germany in early XIX century Ernest Hoffmann wrote "Devil's Elixir", by the way, I advise you to read it. Secondly, a wonderful opportunity for "escape" for the romantic was the sphere of pure fiction, the creation of a fictional, fantastic world. Remember Hoffmann, his Nutcracker, Little Tsakhes, Golden Pot. It is understandable why Tolkien's novels and stories about Harry Potter are so popular in our time. Romance is always there! It's a state of mind, right?

Third way the departure of a romantic hero from reality - an escape to exotic countries untouched by civilization. This path led to the need for a systematic study of folklore. The art of romanticism was based on ballads, legends, epics. Many works of romantic pictorial and musical art associated with literature. Shakespeare, Cervantes, Dante again become the rulers of thoughts.

Romanticism in the visual arts

In each country, the art of romanticism acquired its own national traits, but at the same time, all of their works are characterized by a lot in common. All Romantic artists are united by a special attitude towards nature. The landscape, in contrast to the works of classicism, where it served only as a decoration, a background, acquires a soul for the romantics. The landscape helps to emphasize the state of the hero. It will be useful to compare European fine art of romanticism with art and

Romantic art prefers a night landscape, cemeteries, gray fogs, wild rocks, ruins of ancient castles and monasteries. A special relationship to nature contributed to the birth of the famous English landscape parks (remember the regular French parks with straight alleys and trimmed bushes and trees). The subjects of paintings are often stories and legends of the past.

Presentation "Romanticism in European Fine Art" contains a large number of illustrations introducing the work of outstanding Romantic artists of France, Spain, Germany, England.

If the topic is of interest to you, it may be interesting for you, dear reader, to get acquainted with the material of the article " Romanticism: passionate nature " on the Arthive site dedicated to art.

I found most of the illustrations in excellent quality on the site Gallerix.ru. For those who want to delve into the topic, I advise you to read:

• Encyclopedia for children. T.7. Art. – M.: Avanta+, 2000.
• Beckett V. History of painting. - M .: Astrel Publishing House LLC: AST Publishing House LLC, 2003.
• Great artists. Volume 24. Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes. - M .: Publishing house "Direct-Media", 2010.
• Great artists. Volume 32. Eugene Delacroix. - M .: Publishing house "Direct-Media", 2010
• Dmitrieva N.A. Short story arts. Issue III: Western countries Europe XIX century; Russia XIX century. ‒ M.: Art, 1992
• Emokhonova L.G. World Artistic Culture: Proc. Allowance for students. avg. ped. textbook establishments. - M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 1998.
• Lukicheva K.L. The history of painting in masterpieces. - Moscow: Astra-Media, 2007.
• Lvova E.P., Sarabyanov D.V., Borisova E.A., Fomina N.N., Berezin V.V., Kabkova E.P., Nekrasova World art culture. XIX century. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2007.
• Mini encyclopedia. Pre-Raphaelism. - Vilnius: VAB "BESTIARY", 2013.
• Samin D.K. One hundred great artists. – M.: Veche, 2004.
• Freeman J. History of Art. - M .: "Publishing house Astrel", 2003.

Good luck!

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Artistic culture of the 19th century

Romanticism in painting

The presentation was prepared by: students of the 11th grade of MBOU secondary school No. 8 of Noyabrsk Albitova Tatyana and Mukhametyanova Ilmira Head Kalashnikova Victoria Alexandrovna

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Get to know the Art of Romanticism in painting

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Romanticism

Romanticism (fr. romantisme) is a phenomenon of European culture in the 18th-19th centuries, which is a reaction to the Enlightenment and the scientific and technological progress stimulated by it; ideological and artistic direction in European and American culture of the late 18th century - the first half of the 19th century. It is characterized by the assertion of the intrinsic value of the spiritual and creative life of the individual, the image of strong (often rebellious) passions and characters, spiritualized and healing nature. In the 18th century, the favorite motifs of artists were mountain landscapes and picturesque ruins. Its main features are the dynamism of the composition, volumetric spatiality, rich color, chiaroscuro.

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In the visual arts, Romanticism manifested itself most clearly in painting and graphics, and less so in architecture. In their canvases, the artists obeyed only the call of their own souls, paid great attention to the expressive display of the feelings and experiences of a person. The painting of romanticism was characterized by "a terrible power to create in all possible ways." Favorite expressive means of romantic painting are color, lighting, attention to detail, emotionality of manner, stroke, texture.

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Caspar David Friedrich

German artist. Born September 5, 1774 in Greifswald in the family of a soap maker. In 1790 he received his first drawing lessons. From 1794-1798 Friedrich studied fine art at the Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen. In 1794-1798 he studied at the Copenhagen Academy of Arts. Until 1807 he worked exclusively in the technique of drawing and then turned to oil painting. The main expression of David's emotional load is light. It does not create the illusion of light, but makes objects and figures cast bizarre and mysterious shadows. In 1835, the artist was paralyzed, and since then he no longer worked with oil paints, limiting himself to small sepia drawings. The artist died in poverty on May 7, 1840 in Dresden.

“The picture should be perceived as a picture, as the creation of human hands, and not deceive us with a perfect likeness from nature” (K.D. Friedrich)

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Works by David Friedrich:

"Wanderer over the Sea of ​​Fog" (1817-1818)

"Landscape with a Rainbow", 1809, State Art Collection, Weimar

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His regular art education began only in 1822 at the Berlin Academy, with the landscape painter P. L. Lutke. However, due to unsettled relations with the teacher, K. Blechen broke with the academic school and left for Saxon Switzerland. From 1824 to 1827 he worked as a theater designer in Berlin. Blechen is a landscape painter by his subject. His compositions after a trip to the south become freer and stylistically more real. He is known as one of the first German "industrial" artists who sang the nascent industrial power of modern times. Carl Blechen died at the age of 42 mentally ill.

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Blechen's works:

In the Berlin Tiergarten, 1825

In the park of Villa d'Este, 1830

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Exploded tower of Heidelberg Castle, ca. 1830

Construction of the Devil's Bridge, 1830-32

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Ferdinand Victor Eugene Delacroix

“My heart,” he wrote, “always begins to beat faster when I am left face to face with a huge wall waiting for the touch of my brush”

French painter and graphic artist, leader of the romantic trend in European painting. His parents died when he was very young. In 1815, the young man was left to himself. And he made a choice by entering the workshop of the famous classicist Pierre, Narcissus Guerin (1774-1833). In 1816, Delacroix became a student of the School of Fine Arts, where Guerin taught. In the 1850s, his recognition became undeniable. In 1851, the artist was elected to the city council of Paris. In 1855 he was awarded the Order of the Legion of Honor. In the same year, Delacroix's personal exhibition was organized as part of the World Exhibition in Paris. Delacroix died quietly and imperceptibly from a recurrence of a sore throat in his Parisian home on August 13, 1863, at the age of 65.

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Works by Delacroix:

"Algerian women in their rooms". 1834 Oil on canvas. 180x229 cm Louvre, Paris.

"A mortally wounded robber who quenches his thirst." 1825

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“... If I didn’t fight for my homeland, then at least I’ll write for it” (Eugène Delacroix)

Liberty Leading the People, 1830, Louvre

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Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes

Spanish painter, engraver. Goya's freedom-loving art is distinguished by bold innovation, passionate emotionality, fantasy, sharpness of characterization, socially directed grotesque: - cardboards for the royal tapestry workshop ("Blind Man's Bluff", 1791), - portraits ("The Family of King Charles IV", 1800), - murals (in the chapel of the Church of San Antonio de la Florida, 1798, Madrid, in the "House of the Deaf", 1820-23), graphics (series "Caprichos", 1797-98, "Disasters of War", 1810-20), - paintings (" Uprising May 2, 1808 in Madrid "and" Shooting of the rebels on the night of May 3, 1808 "- both c. 1814).

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The creative problems of romanticism compared with classicism were more complex and not so unambiguous. Romanticism at its very beginning was more of an artistic movement than a doctrine of a particular style. Therefore, it is only possible with great difficulty to classify its manifestations and consider sequentially the history of development up to late XIX- beginning of XX century. Romanticism at first had a lively, changeable character, preached individualism and creative freedom. He recognized the value of cultures that were significantly different from Greek - Roman antiquity. Much attention was paid to the cultures of the East, whose artistic and architectural motifs adapted to European taste. There is a reassessment of the architecture of the Middle Ages and the technical and artistic achievements of the Gothic are recognized. The concept of connection with nature gives rise to the concept of the English park and the popularity of the free compositions of the Chinese or Japanese garden. In the visual arts, romanticism manifested itself most clearly in painting and graphics, less clearly in sculpture and architecture (for example, false Gothic). Majority national schools Romanticism in the visual arts developed in the struggle against official academic classicism.