(8th grade). Folklore

FOLKLORE Russians folk songs. Chastushki

Literature lesson in grade 8

Subbotina I.K., teacher of Russian language and literature, secondary school № 448, St. Petersburg

• repeat the genres of oral folk art;

• show the features of the folk song genre, arouse the interest of students in this genre;

• develop skills expressive reading, text analysis skills.

• What works of oral folk art have you read? Tell us about one of them. Name the genre to which this work belongs.

• Remember what folklore genres you are familiar with in the previous classes? Continue to complete the table. Refer to the textbook if necessary Concise Dictionary literary terms, placed at the end of the 2nd part of the textbook (p. 388)

Term

Definition

Examples

Genre of Russian folklore, epic song of heroic-patriotic content about heroes and historical events

"Sadko", "Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber", "Volga and Mikula Selyaninovich"

Proverb

Proverb

Tradition

joke

Patter

Chastushka

Read in the textbook (pp. 6-8) about Russian folk songs. Fill in the gaps in the diagram

Russian groups folk songs

Oral analysis lyric song according to the proposed plan

• Expressive song reading.
• Meaning of the song title.
• Who and when could perform it?
• What is the feeling of the song?
• Which artistic techniques used in this lyric song?
• What parts does it consist of?
• What funds artistic expressiveness used in it?

• Read in the textbook the folk songs “In the dark forest ...”, “You, the night, you, the dark night ...”, “A blizzard sweeps along the street ...”. Find examples of repetitions, personifications, metaphors in these songs and explain what they help to express.

• Repeats ____________________________

• Personifications _______________________

• Metaphors ___________________________

• Read in the textbook two historical folk songs about Pugachev "Pugachev in the dungeon" and "Pugachev executed."

• Why do you think people turned to these events from the life of Pugachev, creating songs about him?
• How does Pugachev appear in them? How can you determine the attitude of the people towards him?

• Find images in historical folk songs about Pugachev that are characteristic of folk poetry: constant epithets and repetitions. Write them down and explain what role they play in the work.

• Permanent epithets ____________

• Repetitions _______________________

• Read in the textbook about ditties (pp. 11-12).

• Tell us about the originality of the genre of ditties.
• How are they fulfilled?
• Which musical instruments accompany folk songs and ditties?

• Decide what themes are related to ditties.

• In what other works of folk art did you also come across these themes?

• Chastushkas use such expressive means as repetitions, epithets, words with diminutive suffixes. Find these artistic means in ditties that you read in the textbook. Give examples.

• Repetitions ________________________________

• Epithets ________________________________

• Words with diminutive suffixes _____________________________

Reflection

AT THE LESSON

I FOUND OUT…

I LEARNED…

I LIKE IT…

I HAVE DIFFICULT…

MY MOOD…

Homework

Page 13, no. 1-2.

• Prepare one of the folk songs for performance or recitation.
• Prepare your own ditty text on school theme or the performance of one of the ditties (chanting pronunciation).

Individual task

Prepare a message about Pugachev

• Egorova N.V. Lesson developments in literature: Grade 8. – M.: VAKO, 2010.

• Markitanova M.A. Didactic materials Literature: Grade 8. - M .: Publishing house "Exam", 2014.

• Dance: http:// cs11114.vk.me/g25958009/a_1c2dc320.jpg
• Playing the harp: http:// fs.nashaucheba.ru/tw_files2/urls_3/1184/d-1183555/img3.jpg
• game on folk instruments: http:// live-music-gallery-fl.ru/files/6d8/6d850bcd1d3333e1f09803489b2f5954.jpg
• Balalaika: http:// www.dshisv.ucoz.ru/balalajka.jpg
• Emelyan Pugachev: http:// www.viewmap.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/russkie-deyateli-v-portretax-t1-23.png
http:// ru.narod.ru/chastush/garm2.gif
• Fun ditties: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/- ZdfNWTa2IL0/TyuRKiZDlfI/AAAAAAAAAAEY/aUr4Lknn7yw/s1600/picture4182.jpg

Lesson #2

Topic: ORAL FOLK CREATIVITY.

Goals: 1. To replenish students' knowledge of oral folk art.

2. Accumulate and repeat material on this topic, teach

use it in life, understand the meaning of CNT, expand

horizons of students, to cultivate respect for the culture of their

people.

Equipment: 1. Board design.

2. Player.

Epigraph: "Proverb and saying - at the same time

and the phenomenon of language, and the phenomenon of art.

Capacious proverbial judgment only in

speech reveals its meaning ... "

(folklore researcher V.A. Anikin)

DURING THE CLASSES

1. Conversation. Page 10 - continue the quote by V.A. Anikina.

? - Tell how folklore was studied, how it was collected, what collectors and storytellers you know.

? – What do you know about ritual folklore? What was he dedicated to? How was it performed?

? - Talk about lullabies. What is their content? Wishes? Give examples.

Lullabies are beautiful and kind. The content of the songs is a wish for good luck, prosperity, joyful work in the future, but for now ... "Come, kitty, spend the night, come Vasenka to rock." "You will walk in gold, wear pure silver." “Tired toys are sleeping, Bears are sleeping ...”, “The fish fell asleep in the pond, the birds fell silent in the garden, rather close your eyes, sleep, my joy, sleep ...”.

? - Pestushki and nursery rhymes.

From the words "amuse", "amuse", "nurture", "nurse", "groom". Nursery rhymes and pestles are sung during the first movements of the child, his feeding. "Potyagushenki", "poryushenki", "jumps".

? - Jokes?

Little fairy tales in verse. In jokes - shifters, the opposite is true: (“a big-eared pig made a nest on an oak tree”). The child learns to laugh, to put everything in its place.

? - Calls and sentences?

“Water with a ladle!”, “Rain, rain, thicker, I’ll give you thick!”, “Rain, rain, stop watering my geranium!”, “The sun is the sun! Look out the window!"

? - Calculators?

This is an account in its simplest form. They decided who to drive, using them in a child's game.

“Eniki, beniks ate dumplings. Eniki, Beniki Fox."

“On the golden porch sat the king, prince, king, prince, shoemaker, tailor, who will you be? Speak quickly, do not detain good and honest people.

“A German came out of the fog, took out a knife from his pocket: I’ll cut, I’ll beat, you don’t care anyway!”

“And on D, uriki, faki, bag, orba, Indu relish, deus, deus. Krasnodeus, boxing"

“The bag rolled from the great hump. In this sack there is bread, salt, water, wheat, with whomever you want, share it. Speak quickly, do not detain good and honest people.

? - Tongue Twisters?

A word game, when sounds that are difficult to pronounce are combined in one phrase.

Give examples.

? - Puzzles?

The riddle contemplates, conceives, offers to guess what is hidden by the allegory. Riddles reveal many wonderful things in the world around us. Features of riddles - rhyme, rhythm.

“A pear is hanging, you can’t eat it.”

"A sieve is hanging, not twisted by hands,"

What spoils the fastest? (mood).

"What is the fastest thing in the world?" (thought)

“Behind the bone wall, nightingale, sing!” (language).

“Small, round, you will reach the sky. (eye).

“There is a bath in the belly, a sieve in the nose, one hand, and even then on the back.” (samovar).

“Grandfather is sitting, dressed in a fur coat, who undresses him, he sheds tears.”

“Bows. Bows. When he comes home, he will stretch. ”

“A multi-colored yoke hung over the river.”

"Ten boys live in ten closets."

"A new vessel, but all in holes."

? - Proverbs and sayings? Similarity and difference. Examples.

Weak half way back.

Than hundreds of empty words, one clear one is better.

Verbosity is not without idle talk.

I am the last letter in the alphabet.

It is better to drink water in joy than honey in the torment.

Murder will out.

You don't sink - you don't burst.

The frost is not great, but it does not order to stand.

It is unpleasant for the frog to remember that she was a tadpole.

Boring day until evening, if there is nothing to do.

! - Let's compare Russian proverbs with proverbs from other countries of the world.

Let's pay attention to how some proverbs sound translated into other languages. (A foreign proverb is read out, students find a Russian proverb that is synonymous in meaning):

1. Lady, leaving the car, thereby increases its speed. (English).

Russian - Baba with a cart - it's easier for a mare.

2. Lack of intelligence is compensated by walking.

Russian - A bad head does not give rest to the legs.

3. A good memory sometimes has a bad effect on vision.

Russian - Whoever remembers the old - that eye out.

4. What cannot be said over a bottle of soda can be said over a bottle of Whiskey.

Russian - What a sober man has on his mind, a drunk man has on his tongue.

5. Whoever hopes for a neighbor's dinner remains hungry. (German)

Russian - Do not open your mouth at someone else's loaf.

6. You can't fool a baker on bread. (ipan.)

Russian - You can't fool an old sparrow on chaff.

7. A scalded rooster runs away from the rain. (French)

Russian - Burnt in milk - you blow on the water.

8. He who asks will not get lost. (Italian)

Russian - Language will bring to Kyiv.

9. It is better to stumble than to make a slip.

Russian - The word is not a sparrow: it will fly out - you won’t catch it.

10. After dinner you have to pay. (German)

Russian - If you like to ride - love to carry sleds.

? - Tell about the originality of the genre of ditties. How are they fulfilled? What musical instruments accompany ditties? How is time reflected in ditties? Can you perform ditties?

Sing ditties.

D / Z 1. Epics. Traditions. (Repeat).

3. Come up with ditties on a school theme.

Answers to tasks. Kutyavina S.V. Notebook by literary reading. Grade 3 M.: VAKO, 2017

Answers to pages 8 - 11

1. What applies to oral folk art? Write.

Fairy tales, riddles, incantations, fables, epics, tales, songs, tongue twisters, nursery rhymes, proverbs, sayings.

2. Read the poem clearly, expressively. Determine the genre of this text. Write.

On the edge of the hut
The old chatterboxes live.
Every old woman has a basket.
There is a cat in every basket.
Cats in baskets
Sew boots for old ladies.

This is a shorthand.

3. These poems are needed during the games. Read them clearly and expressively.

moth,
Bring us the breeze
From gate to turn
Drive the boat into the stream.

small streams,
Carry the shavings
From still water
to the great river.

4. Read only Russian letters. You will find out what genre of oral folk art poems belong to. Write.

L P SW PI VSG G LI OB WS OP IV K L A

SENTENCE

5. Look at the picture. What songs can children sing? Emphasize.

Lullabies, dance songs, sentences, chants, dance songs.

6. In funny songs, invocations, they often turned to the sun, rain, asking for warmth and a rich harvest. Read the invocations. Explain how they differ.

Rainbow arc!
Bring us rain!

Rainbow arc!
Break the rain!
Come on sunshine
Bellflower!

In the first call, they ask for the rain to go, in the second - to stop.

7. Compose a song-call on any topic.

Spring is red!
Winter is gone!
Give the butterfly flowers!
Birch - green buds!
Rain the meadow to drink,
Let the sun dry the earth!
Bear - a deck of honey,
So as not to frighten the forest people!

8. Complete the text with the necessary words.

Who does not know proverbs and sayings? In them, the people reveal their attitude to life.
These little ones folk art, rich in thought, are so neatly folded that they are remembered by themselves. They have come down to us from ancient times, live in our mother tongue and are used in speech.

9. Read two texts. What do you think it is?

Once upon a time there was an old man, the old man had a well, and there was a dace in the well. Here the fairy tale ends.

Once upon a time there were two brothers - a sandpiper and a crane. They mowed down a stack of hay and placed it among the Poles. Can't you tell the tale again from the end?

These are boring stories.

10. Test yourself. Read from right to left. Write.

ILZAKS EYNCHUKOD

Boring Tales

11. Find out the meaning of single-root words that relate to colloquial speech.

Bylina- a work of oral folk art, glorifying ......

The epic consists of the following parts:

1) sing (introduces the reader into the world folk art);

2) beginning (the place of action, the name of the protagonist are indicated);

3) tie ( an important event);

4) culmination (central event);

5) denouement (victory goodie);

6) ending (glory to the hero).

Artistic features epics:

1) repetitions of words, expressions, episodes;

2) appeals;

3) trinity (the number three or multiples of three is often found).

Epic verse- a special verse based on an equal number of stresses in the lines (more often in a line of 3 stresses) and the same arrangement of stressed syllables at the end of each line (more often the stress is the 3rd syllable from the end of the line).

Epics. Artistic features of epics.

Oral folk poetry arose many centuries ago, when people could neither read nor write. (Slide 2 ends here)

rich and varied folk art. In fairy tales and songs, people talked about important historical events, about their work, about their worries and sorrows, dreamed of a happy, just life. (Slide 3 ends here)

Folk wisdom, observation, accuracy and expressiveness of folk speech are embodied in proverbs, sayings, riddles. (Slide 4 ends here)

Of exceptional interest among the works of folk art are epics - artistic and historical songs about heroes, folk heroes. (Slide 5 ends here)

The main cycles of epics: Novgorod and Kiev (Slide 6 ends here)

The action in most epics is timed to Kyiv. Some epics tell about the life, events and people of another largest city ancient Rus'- Novgorod (epics about Sadko, about Vasily Buslaev). (Slide 7 ends here)

Kyiv epics are heroic (or heroic) epics. Heroic epics tell about the courageous defense of the homeland, about the heroes, their struggle against the nomadic enemies who attacked the country. (Slide 8 ends here)

Epics are built according to a certain plan.

Most epics begin inception. It usually refers to place actions or about where and from where the hero went (Slide 9 ends here)

Whether from that city from Murom,
From that village and Karacharova
A remote, burly, kind fellow was leaving.
He stood at matins in Murom,
And he wanted to be in time for lunch in the capital city of Kyiv.

Yes, and he drove up to the glorious city of Chernigov,
Is it near the city of Chernihiv
Caught up with something black-black,
And black-black, like a black crow. (Slide 10 ends here)

The events in the epics are set out in a strict in order, sequentially. Narration is underway slowly, slowly. (Slide 11 ends here) Since the epics lived in oral transmission, the performer said them focus the attention of the audience in places that are especially important, in his opinion. For this, epics are widely used repetitions, usually three times. So, in the epic about Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber, the description of the power of the Nightingale the Robber is repeated three times. (Slide 12 ends here)

To give melodiousness e bylina, to make its presentation more expressive, musical, often in epics individual words.

The straight road is jammed,

The path was choked up, muddied.

In the capital city in Kyiv,

At the affectionate prince at Vladimir. (Slide 13 ends here)

Repetitions are found not only in the text of the same epic. In different epics similar actions are described in the same way, phenomena, for example, saddling a heroic horse, a feast at Prince Vladimir, enemy strength, a battle of heroes with enemies, etc. Such similar descriptions found in different epics (and in fairy tales) are called common places. (Slide 14 ends here)

Sometimes epics end with a special ending- conclusion from the entire content of the epic:

Either old, or deed,

that is, it was so in the old days, this is a true story. (Slide 15 ends here)

Main character epics - Russian hero. To more clearly represent the strength of the hero, a technique is used hyperbole(exaggeration). For example, this is how the battle of the hero with the enemy force is described. If the hero waves his right hand, a street is formed among the enemy camp, and an alley is formed with his left. The club (sword) of the hero weighs forty or even ninety pounds. (Slide 16 ends here)

If the hero falls asleep, then "a heroic dream for twelve days" (days). To match the hero and his horse:“The first gallop of a horse is for many miles, and the second gallop is impossible to find.” To emphasize the strength of the Russian hero, his enemy is depicted hyperbolically. The innumerable forces of the enemy gray wolf... do not skip a day, a black crow does not fly around a day. (Slide 17 ends here)

In epics, as in general in the works of oral folk poetry, every word is precise and expressive. Over the centuries, folk singers and poets have perfected the language of their poetry, achieving the most accurate and vivid, expressive disclosure through the word of the most essential qualities of the characters and their actions. Yes, very rich and varied in oral poetry epithets- colorful definitions indicating the most significant feature of people, objects, phenomena of life. (Slide 18 ends here)

Often the same epithets constantly characterize certain heroes, objects, phenomena of life, nature, etc. Therefore, they are called constant epithets. In epics, for example, there are such constant epithets: a burly good fellow, great strength, glorious capital Kyiv-grad, a tight bow, a silk string, red-hot arrows. (Slide 19 ends here)

Often used in epics comparisons:

Caught up with something black-black,

Black-black, like a black crow.

Pike-fish walk Volga in the blue seas,

Volga fly like a falcon under the shells,

Scour the open fields like a wolf. (Slide 20 ends here)

Used negative comparisons:

Not raw oak bows to the earth,

Not paper leaves spread out,

The son bows before the priest ... (Slide 21 ends here)

Wishing to emphasize any shade of the meaning of the word, important, according to folk singer, to understand the narrative, narrators of epics widely use synonyms:“Volga began to grow and swear”; "And to yell and plow and peasant,"; “Here Ilya felt offended, for great annoyance it seemed ...” (Slide 22 ends here)

An important role in the language of epics is played by nouns with diminutive and pet suffixes. They express popular assessment of heroes epics. Bogatyrs are often called pet names: Ilyushenka, Dobrynushka Nikitich, Mikulushka Selyaninovich, etc. (Slide 23 ends here) Affectionate suffixes are also used in words denoting items belonging to the hero. He has “hot arrows”, “saddle”, “bridles”, “felt”, “sweatshirts”, etc. (Slide 24 ends here)

Bylina is pronounced in a singsong voice. Obeying the chant, the narrator puts stress on certain words, and other words at the same time, without stress, seem to merge in one word (“motherland”, “field-clean”). For this reason, sometimes the word has different stresses in the same epic("Nightingale-Nightingale", "young", "young", "young"). (Slide 25 ends here)

In ancient oral folk poetry there are epics telling about peaceful, working life of the Russian people. These are household epics. The most important of them is the epic about Volga and Mikule. In her the labor of the people is glorified. In Ilya Muromets, the people sang the peasant-warrior, the hero - the defender of the motherland. In the image of Mikula, he glorified peasant farmer, hero - the breadwinner of the country.