What are musical instruments? (photo, names). Musical didactic games and manuals for a music lesson Musical drawings for children

Children love music and everything connected with it. Therefore, they are happy to examine and study musical instruments, and, if possible, try to play them. But it can be quite difficult for kids to remember the names of such a variety of unusual objects,

And in this case, they come to the rescue split pictures with picture different instruments; for children who are good at or begin to read, pictures with names are especially relevant.

Pictures for children usually depicting musical instruments include the main types of instruments from different classes - keyboards, percussion, wind. The differences between them are studied at school, and at the kindergarten level, it is enough for children to remember what the instrument is called and, if possible, learn how it sounds. Therefore, it is very convenient if pictures for kindergarten depicting musical instruments are accompanied by a recording on a CD.

It is easier to start learning with instruments that have a characteristic appearance and sound.

The flute is one of the very first instruments that appeared in the world.

Saxophone and clarinet.

The organ is the largest of all instruments.

The triangle and tambourine are the main creators of additional sound effects.

The violin is the queen among musical instruments.

The cello is the larger sister of the violin with a lower voice.

The synthesizer is a real all-rounder.

The grand piano and piano are the basis of music.

The xylophone, the children's variety of which is usually introduced to babies at a young age.

Gusli - the most common in our country folk instrument.

A harmonica (or harmonica) that is convenient to carry in your pocket. Makes a kind and touching sound.

The guitar and its cousin the electric guitar.

A bagpipe whose singing can often be heard in Scotland.

The drum and the whole drum kit, the main pacemakers of the melody.

The accordion is a rich sounding instrument.

Maracas - make a delightful rustling sound.

For convenience, you can make cards out of pictures depicting musical instruments, and then the kids will be able to work with them more purposefully, examining the instruments up close, pulling out different ones in turn and grouping them according to certain characteristics.

Musical instruments (painted)

At school, they will already lay out pictures, focusing on the type of instrument and its sound. You can demonstrate the desired card, including a recording with the sound of a certain instrument, and then the kids will better understand and hear the melodies. And by joining the music, they will expand their horizons and enrich their inner world.

larisa gushchina

Musical and didactic games in kindergarten are a means of activating musical development each child, which allows you to attach to the active perception of music.

I present to you some of the didactic games and handmade items for music lessons.

THREE CEE TKA

Didactic game to determine the nature of music

Demonstration: three flowers made of cardboard (a “face” is drawn in the middle of the flower - sleeping, crying or cheerful, depicting three types of music character:

Kind, affectionate, lulling (lullaby);

Sad, plaintive;

Cheerful, joyful, dancing, perky.

You can make not flowers, but three suns, three clouds, three stars, etc.

Handout: each child has one flower, reflecting the nature of the music.

I option. The music director performs the piece. The called child takes a flower corresponding to the nature of the music and shows it. All children are actively involved in determining the nature of the music. If the work is known to children, then the called child says its name and the name of the composer.

II option. In front of each child lies one of the three flowers. The music director performs the piece, and the children whose flowers match the character of the music pick them up.

musical patterns

A musical game that develops musical imagination and a sense of rhythm.

Purpose of the game:

give children an idea of ​​long and short, smooth and sharp, high and low sounds, etc. etc.

Didactic material:

cards with graphic images musical patterns.

Game organization method:

The teacher invites the children to look at the picture and reproduce the musical drawing shown on the card with their voice, you can also play some drawings on musical instruments or show this musical drawing in motion.

"Stand up children, stand in a circle"

Purpose: To develop orientation in space in children. Teach free rebuilding in the hall (circle, semicircle, lines, etc.)

Preliminary work: introduce children in advance to the icons on the cards: circles - boys, triangles - girls. The cards also show how the children should stand up. For example: for a round dance, children stand in a circle (a card with a circle), for a game - in a circle with a leader (a card with a circle and a center, for a dance - in pairs in a circle (a card with triangles and circles arranged in a circle), etc.

Description: Children are placed in the hall. The music director shows a card. Then the music sounds, to which the children move freely around the hall. When the music begins to subside, the children rebuild according to the indicated card.

Cards are easy to use when learning musical material, in preparation for the holidays.

Rhythmic fence

Purpose: to develop a sense of rhythm in children, to acquaint them with a strong share.

Demonstrative material: cards with the image of fences, reflecting the strong beat in the march, waltz, polka.

Preliminary work: children are familiar with the genres of music in advance.

Description: the music director tells the children about the strong beat, clap the strong beat in the march, waltz, mark it with the appropriate card, clap it again. Noting the strong beat.

Decorate the Christmas tree

Determine the tempo of the music

Purpose: Development of perception of music. Introduction to pace.

Handout: cards corresponding to the theme of the piece of music and cards reflecting the tempo of the music.

Preliminary work: to introduce children to certain pieces of music that more clearly reflect changes in tempo in music. Pick up pictures with the notation of the tempo of music (fast, fast, very fast, slow, very slow, etc.) and introduce the children to them.

Description: After listening to the music, children determine its name, talk about the tempo of the music, about the animal, about its character movement and select the appropriate card.

Musically - didactic game"Guess what I'm playing."

Target. Exercise children in distinguishing the sound of children's musical instruments.

Develop timbre.

Description. Screen, children's musical instruments: a pipe, a tambourine, a rattle, spoons, a triangle, a bell, a metallophone, bells, a rattle.

Game progress.

1 option. The leader behind the screen alternately plays children's musical instruments. (A pipe, a tambourine, a rattle, spoons, a triangle, a bell, a metallophone, bells, a rattle.)

Children guess the instrument by its sound. When clicked, the corresponding picture of the musical instrument appears in the presentation.

Option 2. When clicked, a picture of a musical instrument appears in the presentation.

Children choose a similar instrument from those offered, name it and play it.

"Musical Tower" or "Little Composer"

1 version of the game: "Teremok" Purpose: development of melodic hearing of children.

Game material Figurines of animals. Game progress: There is a teremok in the field, a teremok. How beautiful he is and tall and tall. We go up the stairs, we all go. We sing our song, yes we sing. Three children are selected, each takes any figure for himself. The character goes up the stairs and sings the first phrase: “I’m going up the stairs ...”, then, standing at the entrance to the house, sings the second phrase: “I’m going into a wonderful house!”, Coming up with his own motive, and “enters” the house. Each child, inventing the motive of the second phrase, should not repeat someone else's motive. When all the characters "enter" the house, the movement begins to the bottom, in the reverse order. The character goes down the stairs and sings: “I’m going down the stairs ...”, then, standing at the first step, sings the second phrase: “I’ll go down the path”

Game option 2: “Little composer” A house is opened in which notes live, each on its own floor, children are invited to stand for a minute famous composer and compose your own music. Then the composed music is played music director and children listen to what happened to them musical composition or a song (you can sing it first with the music director, and then together.)

Flower-seven-flower.

Didactic game for the development of memory and musical ear.

Purpose: development of musical ear and musical memory of children. Game material: Large flower, consisting of seven petals different color, which are inserted into the slot in the middle of the flower. On reverse side petals - drawings for the plots of the works that the children got acquainted with in the classroom. For example: 1. "Cavalry" D. B. Kabalevsky. 2. "Clowns" D. B. Kabalevsky. 3. "Disease of the doll" P. I. Tchaikovsky. 4. "Procession of the Dwarves" E. Grieg. 5. "Santa Claus" R. Schumann, etc. Game progress: Children sit in a semicircle. A gardener (teacher) comes and brings an unusual flower to the children. The called child takes out any petal from the middle, turns it and guesses which work this illustration is for. If the work is known to him, then the child must name it and the name of the composer. The music director performs the piece or turns on the recording. All children are actively involved in determining the nature, pace, genre of the work.

"Multi-Remote"

1 version of the game (a game for the development of visual memory and musical impressions)

Goal: Develop visual memory, expand musical horizons, replenish lexicon child musical terms to teach children to express their thoughts clearly.

Game description: Players are given hint cards with a picture of a fragment of a children's cartoon. Sounds like a cartoon song. Players are invited to remember and name which cartoon this song is from. If the player finds it difficult to answer, you can offer to tell what this cartoon is about.

2 game option

Purpose: To teach children to determine the nature of music, to develop diction when singing, pure intonation, to develop emotional responsiveness to the song they heard, to acquaint children with the works of the composer V. Ya. Shainsky and children's songwriters.

Game description: Children stand in a circle. Players are given hint cards with a picture of a cartoon fragment. Muses. hands invites the players to consider the card. With the help of a counting rhyme, the “leader” is selected:

"One, two, three, four, five - we are going to play,

A magpie flew to us and ordered you to sing.

The player is invited to perform a children's song, which is shown on the card. If the player finds it difficult to sing, then the music helps him to sing. hands If the child does not know this song, the move goes to any player who wants to perform the song, he also becomes the leader.

"Name the Music Composer", "Merry Record"

Game progress. The teacher shows the children portraits of the composers P. Tchaikovsky, M. Glinka, D. Kabalevsky, offers to name the familiar works of these composers. For a correct answer, the child receives a point. Then the music director plays this or that work (or a recording sounds). The called child must name & that work and tell about it. For a complete answer, the child receives two points, the one who receives the most points wins.

The game is held in the classroom, and can also be used as entertainment.

fun record

game material. Toy player with a set of records - in the center is a picture that conveys the content of the Song; player with a set of records of program works.

Game progress. The host plays an introduction to some work familiar to the children in the recording. The called child finds the right one among the small records and “plays” it on a toy player.

What music?

game material. Record player, waltz, dance, polka records; cards with the image of dancing waltz, folk dance and polka.

Game progress. The children are given cards. Musical director, performs musical pieces on the piano (in recordings), corresponding to the content of the drawings on the cards. Children recognize the work and raise the correct card.

Attributes for matinees and classes.

Music surrounds us from childhood. And then we have the first musical instruments. Do you remember your first drum or tambourine? And the shiny metallophone, on the records of which you had to knock with a wooden stick? And the pipes with holes on the side? With a certain skill, one could even play simple melodies on them.

Toy instruments are the first step into the world of real music. Now you can buy a variety of musical toys: from simple drums and harmonicas to almost real pianos and synthesizers. Do you think these are just toys? Not at all: in preparatory classes music schools such toys make up whole noise orchestras, in which kids selflessly blow pipes, beat drums and tambourines, spur the rhythm with maracas and play the first songs on the xylophone... And this is their first real step into the world of music.

Types of musical instruments

The world of music has its own order and classification. Tools are divided into large groups: strings, keyboards, percussion, brass, and also reed. Which of them appeared earlier, which later, it is now difficult to say for sure. But already the ancient people who shot from a bow noticed that a stretched bowstring sounds, reed tubes, if blown into them, make whistling sounds, and it is convenient to beat the rhythm on any surface with all available means. These items became the progenitors of strings, wind and percussion instruments already known in Ancient Greece. Reeds appeared just as long ago, but keyboards were invented a little later. Let's take a look at these main groups.

Brass

In wind instruments, sound is produced as a result of vibrations of a column of air enclosed inside a tube. The larger the volume of air, the lower the sound it makes.

Wind instruments are divided into two large groups: wooden And copper. Wooden - flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, alpine horn ... - are a straight tube with side holes. By closing or opening the holes with the fingers, the musician can shorten the column of air and change the pitch. Modern Instruments often made not from wood, but from other materials, however, according to tradition, they are called wooden.

Copper brass sets the tone for any orchestra, from brass to symphony. Trumpet, horn, trombone, tuba, helicon, a whole family of saxhorns (baritone, tenor, alto) - typical representatives this loudest group of instruments. Later came the saxophone, the king of jazz.

The pitch of the brass winds changes due to the force of the blown air and the position of the lips. Without additional valves, such a pipe can produce only a limited number of sounds - a natural scale. To expand the range of sound and the ability to hit all sounds, a system of valves was invented - valves that change the height of the air column (like side holes on wooden ones). Copper pipes that are too long, unlike wooden pipes, can be rolled up, giving them a more compact shape. French horn, tuba, helicon are examples of coiled trumpets.

Strings

The bow string can be considered a prototype string instruments- one of the most important groups of any orchestra. The sound is produced by a vibrating string. To enhance the sound, the strings began to be pulled over the hollow body - this is how the lute and mandolin, cymbals, harp ... and the familiar guitar appeared.

The string group is divided into two main subgroups: bowed And plucked tools. Bowed violins include violins of all varieties: violins, violas, cellos and huge double basses. The sound from them is extracted with a bow, which is driven along the stretched strings. But for plucked strings, a bow is not needed: the musician pinches the string with his fingers, causing it to vibrate. Guitar, balalaika, lute - plucked instruments. As well as the beautiful harp that makes such gentle cooing sounds. But the double bass - bowed or plucked instrument? Formally, it belongs to the bowed, but often, especially in jazz, it is played with plucks.

Keyboards

If the fingers striking the strings are replaced by hammers, and the hammers are set in motion with the help of keys, we get keyboards tools. First keyboards - clavichords and harpsichords appeared in the Middle Ages. They sounded rather quiet, but very gentle and romantic. And at the beginning of the 18th century, they invented piano- an instrument that could be played both loudly (forte) and softly (piano). long name usually shortened to the more familiar "piano". The older brother of the piano - what's the brother - the king! - that's what it's called: piano. This is no longer a tool for small apartments, but for concert halls.

Keyboards include the largest - and one of the most ancient! - musical instruments: organ. This is no longer a percussion keyboard, like a piano and a grand piano, but keyboard wind instrument: not the lungs of the musician, but the blower machine creates a flow of air into the tube system. This huge system is controlled by a complex control panel, which has everything from a manual (that is, manual) keyboard to pedals and register switches. And how could it be otherwise: organs consist of tens of thousands of individual tubes of the most different sizes! But their range is huge: each tube can sound only on one note, but when there are thousands of them ...

Drums

Percussion instruments were the oldest musical instruments. It was the tapping of the rhythm that was the first prehistoric music. The sound can be produced by a stretched membrane (drum, tambourine, oriental darbuka...) or the body of the instrument itself: triangles, cymbals, gongs, castanets and other knockers and rattles. A special group is made up of drums that produce a sound of a certain height: timpani, bells, xylophones. You can already play a melody on them. Percussion ensembles, consisting only of percussion instruments, arrange entire concerts!

Reed

Is there any other way to extract sound? Can. If one end of a plate made of wood or metal is fixed, and the other is left free and forced to oscillate, then we get the simplest tongue - the base reed instruments. If there is only one tongue, we get jew's harp. Linguistics include accordions, bayans, accordions and their miniature model - harmonica.

harmonica

On the button accordion and accordion you can see the keys, so they are considered both keyboards and reeds. Some wind instruments are also reeded: for example, in the clarinet and bassoon already familiar to us, the reed is hidden inside the pipe. Therefore, the division of tools into these types is conditional: there are many tools mixed type.

In the 20th century, the friendly musical family was replenished with one more big family: electronic instruments. The sound in them is created artificially with the help of electronic circuits, and the first example was the legendary theremin, created back in 1919. Electronic synthesizers can imitate the sound of any instrument and even... play themselves. Unless, of course, someone will make a program. :)

The division of instruments into these groups is just one way of classifying them. There are many others: for example, the Chinese combined tools depending on the material from which they were made: wood, metal, silk and even stone... The methods of classification are not so important. It is much more important to be able to recognize tools and appearance, and by sound. This is what we will learn.

If you decide to introduce your child to musical instruments, then especially for you are cute cards with children playing musical instruments.

Your child will be introduced to musical instruments such as drum kit, tuba, violin, organ, triangle, electric guitar, piano, xylophone, flute, tambourine, saxophone, drum, guitar, clarinet, trumpet, cymbals.

Cute pictures of children will appeal to any kid. Cards with musical instruments are intended for children from 1 year old.

You can use them both at home and for classes in kindergartens, schools early development and lower grades of schools.

It is enough for the smallest ones to show the cards and pronounce the name of the musical instruments shown in the pictures.

Then you can check how well your child has learned the information. Invite him to choose one or another musical instrument from two options. If the child quickly copes with this task, complicate it - add more cards with musical instruments and offer to find one or another instrument.

Download free cards musical instruments for kids here:

Here you can also download a memory game with musical instruments for children.

Download and print multi-colored cards in duplicate, first take several identical cards, turn them over and invite the child to find two pairs of identical cards with musical instruments, while learning the names of musical instruments.

Here are the cards themselves - click on the image below to print:

Another game with musical instruments for kids.

Here you need to determine the name of the musical instrument by its shadow.

See also - here are a lot of pictures with musical instruments for children.

Musical instruments designed to produce different sounds. If the musician plays well, then these sounds can be called music, if not, then cacophony. There are so many tools that learning them is like exciting game worse than Nancy Drew! In modern musical practice, instruments are divided into various classes and families according to the source of the sound, the material of manufacture, the method of sound production and other features.

Wind musical instruments (aerophones): a group of musical instruments whose sound source is vibrations of an air column in the barrel (tube). They are classified according to many criteria (by material, design, methods of sound extraction, etc.). In a symphony orchestra, the group of wind musical instruments is divided into wood (flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon) and brass (trumpet, horn, trombone, tuba).

1. Flute - a woodwind musical instrument. modern type transverse flute(with valves) was invented by the German master T. Bem in 1832 and has varieties: small (or piccolo flute), alto and bass flute.

2. Oboe - woodwind reed musical instrument. Known since the 17th century. Varieties: small oboe, oboe d "amour, English horn, haeckelphone.

3. Clarinet - woodwind reed musical instrument. Designed at the beginning 18th century IN contemporary practice common soprano clarinets, piccolo clarinet (Italian piccolo), alto (so-called basset horn), bass.

4. Bassoon - a woodwind musical instrument (mainly orchestral). Arose in the 1st floor. 16th century The bass variety is the contrabassoon.

5. Trumpet - a wind brass mouthpiece musical instrument, known since ancient times. The modern type of valve pipe has developed to ser. 19th century

6. Horn - a wind musical instrument. Appeared at the end of the 17th century as a result of the improvement of the hunting horn. The modern type of horn with valves was created in the first quarter of the 19th century.

7. Trombone - a wind brass musical instrument (mainly orchestral), in which the pitch is regulated by a special device - a backstage (the so-called sliding trombone or zugtrombone). There are also valve trombones.

8. Tuba is the lowest sounding brass musical instrument. Designed in 1835 in Germany.

Metallophones are a kind of musical instruments, the main element of which are plates-keys, which are beaten with a hammer.

1. Self-sounding musical instruments (bells, gongs, vibraphones, etc.), the sound source of which is their elastic metal body. The sound is extracted with hammers, sticks, special drummers (tongues).

2. Instruments such as xylophone, in contrast to which metallophone plates are made of metal.

String musical instruments (chordophones): according to the method of sound production, they are divided into bowed (for example, violin, cello, gidjak, kemancha), plucked (harp, harp, guitar, balalaika), percussion (cymbals), percussion keyboards (piano), plucked - keyboards (harpsichord).

1. Violin - a 4-string bowed musical instrument. Highest in register in the violin family that formed the basis symphony orchestra classical composition and string quartet.

2. Cello - a musical instrument of the violin family of the bass-tenor register. Appeared in the 15-16 centuries. Classic patterns created by Italian masters 17-18 centuries: A. and N. Amati, J. Guarneri, A. Stradivari.

3. Gidzhak - stringed bowed musical instrument (Tajik, Uzbek, Turkmen, Uighur).

4. Kemancha (kamancha) - 3-4-string bowed musical instrument. Distributed in Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Dagestan, as well as the countries of the Middle and Near East.

5. Harp (from German Harfe) - a multi-stringed plucked musical instrument. Early images - in the third millennium BC. In its simplest form, it is found in almost all peoples. The modern pedal harp was invented in 1801 by S. Erard in France.

6. Gusli - Russian stringed musical instrument. Pterygoid gusli ("voiced") have 4-14 or more strings, helmet-shaped - 11-36, rectangular (table-shaped) - 55-66 strings.

7. Guitar (Spanish guitarra, from Greek cithara) - a lute-type stringed plucked instrument. It has been known in Spain since the 13th century, and in the 17th and 18th centuries it spread to the countries of Europe and America, including as a folk instrument. Since the 18th century, the 6-string guitar has become common, the 7-string has become widespread mainly in Russia. Varieties include the so-called ukulele; in modern pop music electric guitar is used.

8. Balalaika - Russian folk 3-string plucked musical instrument. Known from the beginning 18th century Improved in the 1880s. (under the direction of V.V. Andreev) V.V. Ivanov and F.S. Paserbsky, who designed the family of balalaikas, later - S.I. Nalimov.

9. Cymbals (Polish cymbaly) - a multi-stringed percussion musical instrument ancient origin. Are part of folk orchestras Hungary, Poland, Romania, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, etc.

10. Piano (Italian fortepiano, from forte - loud and piano - quiet) - the general name of keyboard musical instruments with hammer action (piano, piano). The pianoforte was invented in the beginning. 18th century Appearance modern type piano - with the so-called. double rehearsal - refers to the 1820s. The heyday of piano performance - 19-20 centuries.

11. Harpsichord (French clavecin) - a stringed keyboard-plucked musical instrument, the forerunner of the piano. Known since the 16th century. There were harpsichords various forms, types and varieties, including chembalo, virginel, spinet, claviciterium.

Keyboard musical instruments: a group of musical instruments combined common feature- the presence of keyboard mechanics and a keyboard. They are divided into different classes and types. Keyboard musical instruments are combined with other categories.

1. Strings (percussion and plucked keyboards): piano, celesta, harpsichord and its varieties.

2. Wind (wind and reed keyboards): organ and its varieties, harmonium, button accordion, accordion, melody.

3. Electromechanical: electric piano, clavinet

4. Electronic: electronic piano

pianoforte (Italian fortepiano, from forte - loud and piano - quiet) - the general name of keyboard musical instruments with hammer action (piano, piano). It was invented in the early 18th century. The appearance of the modern type of piano - with the so-called. double rehearsal - refers to the 1820s. The heyday of piano performance - 19-20 centuries.

Percussion musical instruments: a group of instruments combined according to the method of sound production - impact. The sound source is a solid body, a membrane, a string. There are instruments with a definite (timpani, bells, xylophones) and indefinite (drums, tambourines, castanets) pitch.

1. Timpani (timpani) (from the Greek polytaurea) - a percussion musical instrument of a cauldron shape with a membrane, often paired (nagara, etc.). Widespread since ancient times.

2. Bells - orchestral percussion self-sounding musical instrument: a set of metal records.

3. Xylophone (from xylo... and Greek phone - sound, voice) - percussion self-sounding musical instrument. Consists of a number of wooden blocks of various lengths.

4. Drum - percussion membrane musical instrument. Varieties are found in many peoples.

5. Tambourine - a percussion membrane musical instrument, sometimes with metal pendants.

6. Castanetvas (Spanish: castanetas) - a percussion musical instrument; wooden (or plastic) plates in the form of shells, fixed on the fingers.

Electric musical instruments: musical instruments in which sound is created by generating, amplifying and converting electrical signals (using electronic equipment). They have a peculiar timbre, they can imitate various tools. Electric musical instruments include theremin, emiriton, electric guitar, electric organs, etc.

1. Theremin - the first domestic electric musical instrument. Designed by L. S. Theremin. The pitch in the theremin varies depending on the distance of the performer's right hand to one of the antennas, the volume - from the distance of the left hand to the other antenna.

2. Emiriton - an electric musical instrument equipped with a piano-type keyboard. Designed in the USSR by the inventors A. A. Ivanov, A. V. Rimsky-Korsakov, V. A. Kreutser and V. P. Dzerzhkovich (1st model in 1935).

3. Electric guitar - a guitar, usually made of wood, with electric pickups that convert vibrations metal strings into fluctuations in electric current. The first magnetic pickup was built by Gibson engineer Lloyd Loer in 1924. The most common are six-string electric guitars.