Everyone went to the room assigned to him. Entering the room, he saw Anna there
Hm, hm, is it possible, monsieur, to spend the night in your kennel, because if you please see ...
Que desire monsieur? asked Desforges, bowing politely to him.
Ek, trouble, you, monsieur, have not yet learned Russian. Zhe ve, mua, she wu kush, do you understand?
Monsieur, très volontiers, replied Desforges, veuillez donner des ordres en conséquence.
Anton Pafnutich, very pleased with his information during French, went immediately to dispose of.
The guests began to say goodbye to each other, and each went to the room assigned to him. And Anton Pafnutich went with the teacher to the wing. The night was dark. Deforge illuminated the road with a lantern, Anton Pafnutich followed him quite cheerfully, occasionally clutching a hidden bag to his chest in order to make sure that his money was still with him.
Arriving in the wing, the teacher lit a candle, and both began to undress; meanwhile Anton Pafnutitch was pacing up and down the room, examining the locks and windows, and shaking his head at this disappointing inspection. The doors were locked with a single bolt, the windows did not yet have double frames. He tried to complain about that to Desforges, but his knowledge of French was too limited for such complex explanation; the Frenchman did not understand him, and Anton Pafnutich was forced to leave his complaints. Their beds stood one against the other, both lay down, and the teacher put out the candle.
Purkua wu touche, purqua wu touche?, - Anton Pafnutich shouted, conjugating the Russian verb with a sin in half carcass in the French way. - I can not dormir in the dark. - Deforge did not understand his exclamations and wished him good night.
Damned basurman, - Spitsyn muttered, wrapping himself in a blanket. He needed to put out the candle. He's worse. I can't sleep without fire. “Monsieur, monsieur,” he continued, “ve avek vu parle. But the Frenchman did not answer, and soon began to snore.
“The Frenchman is snoring,” thought Anton Pafnutich, “but sleep doesn’t enter my mind. That and look, thieves will enter the open doors or climb through the window, but you won’t get him, the beast, even with guns.
Monsieur! ah, monsieur! devil take you.
Anton Pafnutich fell silent, fatigue and wine vapors gradually overcame his timidity, he began to doze, and soon a deep sleep took possession of him completely.
A strange awakening was preparing for him. He felt through his sleep that someone was gently tugging at his shirt collar. Anton Pafnutich opened his eyes and moonlight On an autumn morning I saw Desforges in front of me: the Frenchman held a pocket pistol in one hand, unfastening his cherished bag with the other. Anton Pafnutich froze.
Kes ke ce, monsieur, kes ke ce, - he said in a trembling voice.
Hush, be silent, - the teacher answered in pure Russian, - be silent or you are lost. I am Dubrovsky.
Chapter XI
Now let us ask the reader for permission to explain the last incidents of our story by previous circumstances, which we have not yet had time to tell.
At the station ** in the caretaker’s house, which we have already mentioned, a traveler sat in a corner with a humble and patient air, denouncing a commoner or a foreigner, that is, a person who has no voice on the postal road. His britzka stood in the yard, waiting for some grease. In it lay a small suitcase, skinny evidence of a not very sufficient condition. The traveler did not ask for tea or coffee, looked out the window and whistled to the great displeasure of the caretaker, who was sitting behind the partition.
Here God sent a whistler, - she said in an undertone. - Ek whistles - so that he burst, the accursed infidel.
And what? - said the caretaker, - what a trouble, let him whistle.
What's the trouble? retorted the angry wife. - Don't you know the signs?
What omen? that whistle money survives. AND! Pakhomovna, we don’t whistle, we don’t have any: but there’s still no money.
Let him go, Sidorych. You want to keep him. Give him the horses, let him go to hell.
Wait, Pakhomovna; there are only three triples in the stable, the fourth is resting. Togo, and look, good travelers will arrive in time; I don't want to answer for a Frenchman with my neck. Chu! this is true! jump out. E-ge-ge, but how fast; isn't it a general?
The carriage stopped at the porch. The servant jumped off the goat, unlocked the doors, and a minute later a young man in a military overcoat and a white cap entered the caretaker; after him the servant brought in the casket and placed it on the window.
Horses, - said the officer in an imperious voice.
Now, - answered the caretaker. - Please traveller.
I don't have a road trip. I'm going to the side... Don't you recognize me?
The superintendent began to fuss and rushed to hurry the coachmen. The young man began to pace up and down the room, went behind the partition and quietly asked the caretaker: who was the traveler.
God knows, - answered the caretaker, - some kind of Frenchman. For five hours now he has been waiting for the horses and whistling. Tired, damn.
The young man spoke to the traveler in French.
Where would you like to go? he asked him.
To the nearest city, - answered the Frenchman, - from there I go to one landowner, who hired me behind my back as a teacher. I thought I would be there today, but the caretaker seems to have judged otherwise. Horses are hard to come by in this land, sir.
And to which of the local landowners did you decide? the officer asked.
To Mr. Troekurov, - answered the Frenchman.
To Troyekurov? who is this Troyekurov?
Ma foi, mon officier... I have heard little good things about him. They say that he is a proud and capricious gentleman, cruel in his treatment of his household, that no one can get along with him, that everyone trembles at his name, that he does not stand on ceremony with teachers (avec les outchitels) and has already marked two to death.
Lesson 41
Simple sentence
Lesson Objectives:
Generalization of knowledge on the topics "Members of the proposal", "Simple sentence"; consolidation of punctuation skills in a simple sentence (dash between subject and predicate).
During the classes
I. Implementation homework
1. Verification home ex. 212, 213, 215, 216.
2. Connected answer on the topic of phrases.
3. Vocabulary dictation "Vowels after hissing and c»:
Openwork, acorn, jury, burnt hand, liver, slap major, marzipan, tiptoe, worthless, lattice slum, chicory, chabots, silk, chocolate, even - odd, ramrod, gluttonous, dial, thicket, prim, show, tap dance, girl, kumachovy, teddy bear, cloak, cloud.
II. Work on the topic of the lesson
1. Text analysis.
The fields are compressed, the groves are bare,
Fog and damp from the water.
Wheel behind the blue mountains
The sun went down quietly.
(S. Yesenin)
Read the passage from the poem aloud.
Determine the type and style of speech. ( Description late autumn, artistic.)
What suggestions for the presence of grammatical foundations are found in this passage? (The first sentence is complex, with a non-union connection, consists of three simple sentences. The second sentence is simple.)
What type do these proposals belong to by the presence of secondary members of the proposal? (In the first sentence: the first two are not common; the third is common as it is minor member offers. The second suggestion is common.)
Underline all members of the sentence, name the type of predicate. (In the first sentence, all predicates are compound nominal, in the second - a simple verbal predicate.)
2. Generalization on the topic "Dash in a Simple Sentence".
Syntactic analysis of the sentence.
Art- This historical encyclopedia human sensations, controversial passions, desires, ups And fall spirit, dedication And courage, defeats And victories. (Y. Bondarev.)
Complete parsing sentences, indicate the parts of speech.
Remember what cases of setting a dash between the subject and the predicate you know.
A dash between the subject and the predicate is placed if:
The subject and predicate are expressed as nouns or numerals in the nominative case. (The height of the western peak of Elbrus is five thousand six hundred and forty two meters. Seven seven - forty nine.)
Both main members are expressed in the indefinite form of the verb. (Life to live is not a field to cross.)
One main term is expressed by the infinitive, and the other by the noun. (Our mission is to help those in need.)
The predicate is preceded by a demonstrative particle This or Here, a dash is placed before this particle. (To study well is your task.)
And what exceptions to the rules for setting m between the subject and the predicate do you know?
A dash between the subject and the predicate is not put if:
The predicate is joined by a union like or other comparative unions. (The school yard is like a flowering garden.)
The subject is expressed by a personal pronoun. (He is a corruption, he is a plague, he is an ulcer of these places.)
With the predicate there is a negative particle not. (Poverty is not a vice.)
But if the logical stress falls on the subject, then a dash can be placed in these cases as well.
III. Check of knowledge. Development of skills and abilities
Write down and justify the punctuation in these sentences (the first 4 sentences can be commented aloud "along the chain", the rest - independently).
1) The spirit of Baikal is something special, existing, making you believe in old legends. ( V. Rasputin.) 2) Love is not sighs on a bench and not walks in the moonlight. ( S. Pinch.) 3) In this city, knowing three languages is an unnecessary luxury. ( Chekhov.) 4) The main thing here is not to hurt the heart of the child, so that he does not see how a burning and stingy male tear runs down your cheek. ( Sholokhov.) 5) Pushkinogorye is not only a historical and literary monument, it is also a kind of botanical and zoological garden, a wonderful monument of nature. ( Geichenko.) 6) To be able to read - this means being sensitive to the meaning and beauty of the word, to its subtlest shades. ( V. Sukhomlinsky.) 7) A person who loves and knows how to read, - happy man. (K. Paustovsky.) 8) It's one thing to talk a lot, it's another thing to talk business. ( Sophocles.) 9) Calligraphy and painting are exquisite pursuits, but once you become infected with greed, they become like market bargaining. ( Hu Zingcheng.) 10) Marriage is like a tango: it takes two, and sometimes you have to step back to continue the dance. ( Marguerite White.) 11) The best way defend - do not imitate ( Marcus Aurelius.)
Homework
1. Prepare an answer to questions 3-9 on page 102.
3. Based on this beginning, create your own text (miniature essay). Title your essay.
Example:
fun day
The winter days were gloomy, dreary: it dawns late, it gets dark early, there is no white light to be seen. As if continuous, long twilight stretches ...
And suddenly the weather smiled...
(Continue the description of a winter day in the forest (in the park) in clear sunny weather.)
The sky is clear today. The sun shines brightly, and the snow shimmers in its rays, plays with precious stones. How nature has changed! You go through the forest. Quiet. The wind doesn't blow at all. The trees are all white-white in the snow, and amazing winter birds - bullfinches stand out brightly on them. The sky is blue, clear as summer. The bullfinches are happy, basking in the sun and happily pecking at the mountain ash.
Good around! It's nice to watch this "ordinary miracle" of nature!
(Students perform the second or third task at their choice.)
4. Repeat Spelling - n- And - nn- in participles and verbal adjectives.
Lesson 42
Simple sentence
Lesson Objectives:
Systematization of students' knowledge on the topic "Simple sentence"; strengthening spelling skills.
During the classes
I. Checking homework
1. Peer review ex. 208 (tasks 1, 2 are pre-recorded on the board).
2. Students ask each other questions 3-9 on page 102.
3. Listen to 2-3 compositions point out the advantages and disadvantages.
4. Vocabulary dictation on the topic "- n- And - nn- in participles and verbal adjectives ":
Burnt, frightened, unboiled, erased, overwashed, organized, bought, abandoned captive, wounded, unexpected, sacred, mad, calledA sown, planted, unpainted, well organized, athletes organized and disciplined, fired on, targeted target, young man agitated, field sown, ironed, mowed, scribbled, melted unresolved, asphalted, scattered, seeded, quicksand, frozen, agitated by the wind, pumped out gas.
II. Work on the topic of the lesson
Define a sentence
A sentence is a word or several words that contain a message, a question or an impulse (order, advice, request). The sentence is characterized by intonation and semantic completeness, that is, it is a separate statement. The sentence has a grammatical basis, consisting of the main members or one of them.
Name the sentences on the presence of grammatical foundations. ( Simple, complex.)
Define simple sentence. (This is a sentence that has one grammatical basis.)
Ways of expressing the subject.
The subject is the main member of the sentence, which indicates the subject of speech and answers the questions of the nominative case. Who? or What? For example: Settled(What?) good weather (M. Gorky). The darkness of the night barely thinned,(Who?) Lyudmila went to the waterfall to wash herself with a cold stream (A. Pushkin).
|
way of expression |
Signs |
|
Noun in name. case (or another part of speech used in the meaning of a noun). |
Blizzard moved up immediately N. Ostrovsky). It snowed heavily N. Ostrovsky). Gathered discussed a new movie (adv.). Nine is divisible by three (num.). Three imperceptibly slipped into the courtyard (num.). Loud hooray swept over the square (inter.). |
|
Pronoun in the nominative case. |
I rode in the evening alone on a cross-country droshky. ( I. Turgenev.) Every went to the room assigned to him. ( A. Pushkin.) Complained to you somebody on house. ( A. Griboyedov) All what is forgotten, rises in reality. ( V. Lugovskoy.) |
|
Infinitive. |
Guard nature means protecting the Motherland. ( K. Paustovsky) To read means to develop a taste, comprehending the beautiful. ( K. Fedin.) |
|
Phraseologism. |
Out in the field from small to large. Flour Tantalum were beyond his power. ( A. Chekhov.) Gossips- Worse than a gun. ( A. Griboyedov.) And now your humble servant undertakes to translate any page from Hegel. ( I. Turgenev.) |
|
Own name |
A wide strip, from edge to edge, stretched Milky Way. (V. Arseniev.) White Sea located in the north of the country. |
|
Syntactically complete phrase. |
Grandma and I went quietly to their attic. ( M. Gorky.) Every Tuesday and Friday me and mom we drive along Tverskaya. ( L. Tolstoy.) |
Note:
Combinations of numerals, pronouns with the preposition from with the meaning of selectivity can act as the subject: Nobody evenfrom mostrelatives people did not see him (A. Chekhov). Thensome of them rushed to the Grafskaya Pier to the boats (A. Kuprin). ANDnone of us did not freeze, did not drown, did not even catch a cold (E. Permitin).
Types of predicates and ways of expressing predicates.
Predicate- this is the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the subject, indicates the action and answers the questions: What does the subject do? What is happening to him? What is he? What is he? Who is he? and etc.; For example: Here comes the sun(what is he doing?) gets up, because of the arable land(what is he doing?) glitters (I. Nikitin); Night(what?) was fresh (M. Gorky).
The predicate is expressed by the verb in the form of one of the moods.
|
verb mood |
Examples |
|
Indicative mood (present tense, past tense, future tense - simple or compound) |
Spring sun is fastmelts and drives melt water from the fields (S. Aksakov)- present. time. Allstirred, woke up, sang, rustled, spoke ( A. Pushkin)- past. time. The hour of courage has struck on our clocks, and our couragewill not leave (A. Akhmatova). I will sing I am both joy and sorrow (I. Nikitin) - bud. time (difficult). |
|
Conditional mood |
In the state of daisies, at the edge, where the stream, gasping, sings,would lie all night until morning, I, throwing my face back into the sky (N. Zabolotsky). |
|
Imperative mood |
Look : the grass came to life in the rain and the old tree became younger (A. Surkov). |
The predicate can be simple and compound.
A predicate expressed by one verb in the form of a mood is called a simple verbal predicate.
In a simple verbal predicate, lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in one word: A hummocky plain floated outside the car window, bushes ran ... (A. N. Tolstoy). The predicate expresses the nature of the movement: floated(moving slowly, as if on water), fled(quickly disappeared) at the same time, verbs indicate real action(it was in the past).
A simple verbal predicate agrees with the subject
|
In number and face |
In number (singular) and gender |
|
If it has the present or future tense of the indicative mood or the imperative mood, for example: Stately aspens highbabble above you (I. Turgenev); Neverdon't think that you already know everything (I. Pavlov);Teach you me, how can I live now! (A. Ostrovsky). |
If it has the past tense of the indicative mood or the form of the conditional mood, for example: Sunascended crimson and cold (V. Arseniev); Forestrattled, groaned, crackled , harelistened and outran (N. Nekrasov). |
1. If the subject is expressed by a combination of a numeral with a noun, then the predicate-verb is in the singular (in the past tense, middle gender): Gone hundred years (A. Pushkin) or during plural: walked two friends in the evening sometimes (I. Krylov).
2. With a subject expressed by a noun with a collective meaning (multiple, most, most, series, mass, etc.) in combination with the genitive plural of another noun, the predicate is plural if we are talking about animate objects or if the activity of each of the participants in the action is emphasized, and in the singular, if the subject denotes inanimate objects: Majority studentsworked in the garden.Row new houseswas built this year.
3. If the subject is noun, which has a collective meaning (teaching, students, youth, etc.), then the predicate is put in the singular: Song of Friendshipsings youth (V. Lebedev-Kumach).
A compound is such a predicate in which the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in different words, For example: Vladimirstarted stronglyworry (A. Pushkin); Dewwas cold (K. Paustovsky). Compound predicates started to worry, was cold consist of two words, one of which ( worry, cold) expresses the lexical meaning of the predicate, and the other ( started, was) is its grammatical meaning.
The compound predicate is verbal and nominal. It consists of two parts: one part (copy) expresses the grammatical meaning of the predicate, the other (verbal and nominal) - the main lexical meaning of the predicate. Verbs are used as links be and auxiliary verbs.
A compound verb is a predicate, which consists of an auxiliary verb expressing the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and an indefinite form of the verb expressing its main lexical meaning, for example: On the dark skystarted blink stars (M. Lermontov).
Auxiliary verbs express the meaning of the beginning, end, duration of an action, its desirability or possibility, for example:
|
Meaning |
Auxiliary verbs |
Examples |
|
Beginning, continuation and end of the action. |
Start - start, become, accept, accept, continue, stop - stop, finish - finish. |
Here by the power of all the people put out fire started (I. Krylov). We continued silently go next to each other ( M. Lermontov). Girl stopped crying and only sobbed from time to time ( V. Korolenko). |
|
Possibility or desirability of action. |
To be able - to be able, to be able - to be able, to want - to want, to decide - to decide, to gather - to gather, to try - to try, to wish - to wish |
After this incident, Pyotr Petrovich already did not dare to withdraw dog from home F. Abramov). He tried to seem young ( M. Lermontov). Wanted to go round the whole world, and did not travel around a hundredth part ( A. Griboyedov) He tried hurry up pass ford (A. Perventsev). |
Combinations of some short adjectives ( should, glad, ready, obligated, able, intends etc.) and the service verb-bundle to be in the form of one of the moods. For example:
Iwould like to do in the Institute. - Iwould be happy to do in the Institute. Wemust learn to understand labor as creativity (M. Gorky). Iintended to go at dawn to the fortress gates, from where Marya Ivanovna was supposed toleave (A. Pushkin). Humanshould strive to the highest, brilliant goal (A. Chekhov). I even dodoes not intend youtorment questions (I. Turgenev).
A compound nominal is a predicate, which consists of a linking verb expressing the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and a nominal part (adjective noun, etc.) expressing its main lexical meaning, for example: Windwas oncoming (L. Tolstoy)- compound nominal predicate consists of a linking verb was and nominal part counter, expressed by adjective. Zealous manwas an employee - compound nominal predicate, consists of a linking verb was and nominal part worker expressed by a noun.
The most common is the linking verb. be, expressing only grammatical meanings, for example:
|
linking verb |
Time |
Mood |
Examples |
|
Be or null link |
The present |
indicative |
Criticism - the science of discovering beauty and flaws in works of art ( A. Pushkin.) The vagueness of a word is an invariable sign of the vagueness of thought. ( L. Tolstoy.) Courage is a necessary consequence of intelligence and a certain degree of development. ( L. Tolstoy.) |
|
Past |
Spring was spring even in the city. ( L. Tolstoy.) |
||
|
Will you |
After graduating from college, my brother will be a mechanic. |
||
|
Be |
imperative |
Be ours, get used to our share. ( A. Pushkin.) |
|
|
Would be |
conditional |
Now, if he were an employee, he would know the value of every penny. ( A. Chekhov) |
Linking verbs are less common to become, to become, to become, to appear, to be considered, to appear, to appear, to be called, For example: We have winter. All becomes brighter more fun from the first snow A. Pushkin); Night seemed to me amazing and wonderful (K. Paustovsky); Prose, when it reaches perfection, is essentially genuine poetry (K. Paustovsky); Oka at night seemed Very wide, much wider than during the day K. Paustovsky).
Note:
The role of connectives can be verbs that have the meaning of movement, state: come, arrive, come back and etc.; sit, stand and others, for example:
|
Way of expressing the nominal part |
Examples |
|
Adjective |
The night was lunar And cold (V. Arseniev). The bear was great, old And shaggy (B. Field) |
|
Noun |
Accuracy and brevity are the first dignity prose (A. Pushkin). |
|
Brief passive participle |
Her eyebrows were shifted, lips compressed, eyes looked straight and stern ( I. Turgenev) |
|
Numeral |
I was third by the list. Two yes five will be seven. |
|
Pronoun |
cherry orchard now my (A. Chekhov). The book was my. |
|
She will have shoes fit. |
|
|
Syntactically complete phrase |
In the evening the sea was black color. |
Guysreturned well out of camprested class Working programm
... By Russian language 10 -11 Class. - M., 2011 Egorova N.V., Dmitrieva L.P., Zolotareva I.V. lesson development By Russian language. 10 Class. - M., "VAKO", 2006 Work programs By Russian language. 5-11 classes ...
The members of the proposal are divided into main and secondary.
MAIN MEMBERS OF THE OFFER
The main members of a sentence are the subject and the predicate.
The subject is the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the predicate and answers the questions of the nominative who? or what?, for example: Good weather has settled (what?) (M. Gorky). (Who?) Collective farmers finish sowing.
Ways of expressing the subject
| way of expression | Examples |
| The snowstorm approached immediately (N. Ostrovsky). It snowed thickly (N. Ostrovsky). The participants discussed the agenda (adj.). Nine is divisible by three (num.). Three slipped unnoticed into the courtyard (num.). A loud cheer swept over the square (inter.). I rode alone in the evening on a cross-country droshky (I. Turgenev). Everyone went to the room assigned to him (A. Pushkin). Protecting nature means protecting the Motherland (K. Paustovsky). In the field went from small to large. A wide strip, from edge to edge, stretched Milky Way(V. Arseniev). My grandmother and I went quietly to our attic (M. Gorky). |
The predicate is the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the subject and answers the questions what does the subject do? what happens to him? what is he? what is he? who is he? and others, for example: Here the sun (what is it doing?) is rising, because of the arable land (what is it doing?) it is shining (I. Nikitin); The night (what?) Was fresh (M. Gorky).
The predicate is expressed by the verb in the form of one of the moods.
The predicate can be simple and compound.
A predicate expressed by one verb in the form of a mood is called a simple verbal predicate.
In a simple verbal predicate, lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in one word: A hummocky plain floated outside the car window, bushes ran ... (A. N. Tolstoy). The predicate expresses the nature of the movement: she swam (moved slowly, as if on water), fled (rapidly disappeared); at the same time, verbs indicate a real action (it was in the past).
A simple verbal predicate agrees with the subject:
- If the subject is expressed by a combination of a numeral with a noun, then the predicate-verb is in the singular (in the past tense, neuter): A hundred years have passed (A Pushkin) or in the plural: Two friends walked in the evening (I. Krylov).
- With a subject expressed by a noun with a collective meaning (multiple, most, most, row, mass, etc.) in combination with the genitive plural of another noun, the predicate is plural if we are talking about animate objects or if activity is emphasized each of the participants in the action, and in the singular, if the subject denotes inanimate objects:
- Most of the students worked in the school garden.
- A number of new houses have been built this year.
- If the subject is a noun that has a collective meaning (teaching, students, youth, etc.), then the predicate is put in the singular: The song of friendship is sung by youth (K Lebedev-Kumach).
A compound is such a predicate in which the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in different words, for example: Vladimir began to worry a lot (A. Pushkin); The dew was cold (K. Paustovsky). Compound predicates began to worry, was cold consist of two words, one of which (to worry, cold) expresses the lexical meaning of the predicate, and the other (began, was) - its grammatical meaning.
The compound predicate is verbal and nominal. It consists of two parts: one part (copy) expresses the grammatical meaning of the predicate, the other (verbal and nominal) - the main lexical meaning of the predicate. As connectives, there are the verb to be and auxiliary verbs.
A compound verb is a predicate, which consists of an auxiliary verb expressing the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and an indefinite form of the verb expressing its main lexical meaning, for example: The stars began to blink in the dark sky (M. Lermontov) - the compound verb predicate consists of the auxiliary verb began and the indefinite form of the verb to blink.
Auxiliary verbs express the meaning of the beginning, end, duration of an action, its desirability or possibility, for example:
| Meaning | Auxiliary Verbs | Examples |
| begin - begin, become, accept, accept, continue, stop - stop, end - end be able to, be able to, want to, want to, decide - decide, get together - get together, try, try, wish - wish | Then the whole people began to put out the fire by force (I. Krylov). We continued to silently walk beside each other (M. Lermontov). The girl stopped crying and only sobbed from time to time (V. Korolenko). He tried to appear young (M. Lermontov). I wanted to travel around the whole world, and did not travel around the hundredth part (A. Griboyedov). He tried to quickly pass the ford (A. Perventsev). |
Combinations of some short adjectives (must, glad, ready, obliged, capable, intends, etc.) and official
linking verbs to be in the form of one of the moods. Wed: I would like to go to college. - I would be glad to go to college. We must learn to understand labor as creativity (M. Gorky). I intended to go at dawn to the fortress gates, from where Marya Ivanovna was supposed to leave (A. Pushkin). A person should strive for a higher, brilliant goal (A. Chekhov).
A compound nominal is a predicate, which consists of a linking verb expressing the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and a nominal part (adjective, noun, etc.) expressing its main lexical meaning, for example: The wind was oncoming
(JI. Tolstoy) - a compound nominal predicate consists of a linking verb was and a nominal part counter, expressed by an adjective. A zealous man was a worker - a compound nominal predicate, consists of a linking verb was and a nominal part worker, expressed by a noun.
The most common is the linking verb to be, expressing only grammatical meanings, for example:
Less commonly used are verbs-links to become, ^gat, become, appear, be considered, appear, seem, be called, for example: We have winter. Everything becomes brighter, more fun from the first snow (A. Pushkin); The night seemed amazing and beautiful to me (K. Paustovsky); Prose, when it reaches perfection, is essentially true poetry.
(K. Paustovsky); The eye at night seemed very wide, much wider than during the day (K. Paustovsky).
Note. The role of connectives can be verbs that have the meaning of movement, state: come, arrive, return, etc .; sit, stand, etc., for example: The guys returned from the camp well rested. Athletes sat on the bench satisfied with their victory.
The nominal part of the compound predicate is expressed by an adjective, a noun, a short passive participle, etc.
| Way of expressing the nominal part | Examples |
| The night was moonlit and cold (V. Arseniev). The bear was big, old and shaggy (B. Polevoy). Accuracy and brevity are the first virtues of prose (A. Pushkin). Her eyebrows were shifted, her lips were compressed, her eyes looked straight and stern (I. Turgenev). I was third on the list. Two plus five is seven. The Cherry Orchard now mine (A. Chekhov). The book was mine. Her shoes will fit. In the evening the sea was black. |
Note." In nominal part unions can be included as if, as if, exactly, introducing comparisons into the predicate: A pond is like a mirror.
SECONDARY MEMBERS OF THE OFFER
The members of the sentence that explain the main or other members of the sentence are called secondary, for example: 1) A little bustard fluttered by the road itself (A Chekhov) - the main members fluttered a little bustard; secondary members explaining the main members: fluttered (where?) near the road itself.
- Full moon floated in a clear cloudless sky (V. Arsenyev) - the secondary members of the sentence clear and cloudless explain the secondary member of the sentence to the sky: (floated) in the sky (what kind of sky?) clear, cloudless.
Addition -. this is a minor member of the sentence, which answers the questions of indirect cases and denotes the subject G. - "gg--
Ways of Expressing Complement
| Part of speech | Questions | Examples |
| took (for what?) a spoon gave (by whom?) to me is divided (by what?) by five won't be like (what?) for today please (about what?) to speak remembered (what?) about the past | Gerasim again took up the spoon and continued to slurp cabbage soup. (I. Turgenev). I was given a task. Ten is divisible by five. Tomorrow won't be like today. I ask you to speak on the merits of the case. Everyone reminisced about the past. |
If!
The addition can also be expressed in indivisible phrases that include nouns in the indirect case, for example: On vacation I will go to my father and mother. The steamboat leads four barges from Nizhny from the fair to Astrakhan (M. Gorky).
. The addition, as a dependent word in a phrase, is associated with the main word by means of control or adjunction.
Addition value
Additions are either direct or indirect.
Direct objects refer to transitive verbs and denote the subject to which the action is directed, for example: Today I caught (who?) A fish (A. Pushkin). Direct objects are expressed in the accusative case without a preposition or, more rarely, in the genitive case.
The genitive case of the direct object is used:
- if you need to show that the action is not directed to the whole object, but only to its part: I drank water (some part of the water). - I drank water (all the water that was); 2) in some cases with a negative predicate: I remember this movie well. - I don’t remember this movie;
- with some verbs: to be afraid of the dark.
A definition is a minor member of a sentence that answers the questions what? whose? and denotes an attribute of an object.
Definition value
Definitions as dependent words relate to nouns. Definitions are of two types: agreed and inconsistent. Agreeable definitions are associated with nouns by agreement, that is, they are in the same case, number and gender, for example: The sail (what?) Is whitening lonely ... (M. Lermontov). Inconsistent definitions they are associated with nouns by the method of control or, less often, by the method of adjoining, for example: I will draw the line (kak u?) of the party (M. Sholokhov); The day (why?) of celebration has arrived; Daily reading (how about?) aloud helped me correct my pronunciation flaws.
Ways of expressing a definition
| View definitions | Way expressions | Questions | Examples |
|
| Which? which? which? whose? which? -SHNYOEA "Me? Which? whose? Which? | Here I see two lakes azure plains (A. Pushkin). The pale sky began to turn blue again (I. Turgenev). On the third day of the journey, the skiers reached a wide plain. I see your lot on a bright forehead (A. Pushkin). Hunting with a gun and a dog is beautiful in itself (I. Turgenev). They entered the courtyard in front of the barracks (JI. Tolstoy). His whole face was small, thin, freckled (I. Turgenev). In the corner stood a mahogany cabinet. A tall man with a mustache came out of the thicket (I. Turgenev). |
167
Continuation
b) according to the connection method
- Simple form of the comparative degree of the adjective
- Adverb
- What is the indefinite form of the verb?
Which?
One of the girls, older, barely paid attention to me (A. Chekhov).
Poured soft-boiled eggs.
Already in ancient times, people dreamed of the opportunity to fly through the air (M. Gorky).
Inconsistent definitions, compared to agreed ones, express a more specific sign, often have additional meanings of an addition or circumstance, for example:
special kind definition is the application expressed by the noun. It is placed in the same case and number as the word being defined.
| Meaning applications | " Examples |
| The chizh was slammed by the villainess-trap (I. Krylov). Kirila Petrovich ordered a French teacher (A. Pushkin) from Moscow for his little Sasha. Slowly marches, smiling good-naturedly, the watchman-old man. Women navigators were not so often met on the Volga (K. Paustovsky). I subscribe to the newspaper TVNZ". In the journal "Science and Life" you will always find interesting information. Plant "Zaporizhstal" - largest enterprise our country. The work "How the Steel Was Tempered" by N. Ostrovsky has been translated into many languages of the world. |
Applications that are titles of books, newspapers, magazines, businesses, organizations, etc. are inconsistent.
A circumstance is a minor member of a sentence denoting a sign of an action or another sign. Circumstances explain the predicate or other members of the sentence.
By value, the circumstances are divided into main types:
Kinds
circumstances
- Mode of action or degree
- Places
- time
- Conditions
- Causes
How?
what
way?
How? in what degree"
Where?
Where?
where?
When?
how long?
since when?
How long?
at what uelo in and and?
Why?
from what?
For what?
For
what?
Examples
Lazy large flakes of snow (how to?) Silently glided past the window (V. Tendryakov).
Solemnly (how?) the night descends to the earth (A. K. Tolstoy).
There was no more than half an hour left until evening, and the dawn was barely (to what extent?) lit up (I. Turgenev).
Below (d e?), at the foot of the ridge, a mixed forest has grown (V. Arseniev).
Anna Vasilievna stepped timidly (toward the oa?) towards the oak tree (Yu. Nagibin).
From here (o t to u da?), from above, a magnificent view opened up in all directions. (V. Arseniev).
Today (when?) Russian is the leading language of the world (N. Tikhonov).
I kept walking and was about to lie down somewhere (until when?) Until the morning (I. Turgenev).
(Since when?) From the very early morning the sky is clear (I. Turgenev).
(Under what condition and?) If you wish, you can achieve everything.
Haymaking was late (why?) Because of the rains (K. Paustovsky).
(For what?) To improve health, you need to do gymnastics.
Some circumstances may have a concessive meaning, indicating the reason against which the action is performed. Such circumstances answer questions in spite of what? despite what?, for example: In St. Petersburg, contrary to his own expectations, he was lucky (I. Turgenev).
Ways of Expressing Circumstances
| Kinds circumstances | way of expression | Examples |
|||
| adverb, noun in oblique cases, participle and participial turnover adverb, noun in oblique cases adverb, noun in oblique cases, adverbial phrase adverb, noun in oblique cases, indefinite form verb noun in oblique cases, adverbial phrase | People worked (how?) Calmly, quickly, silently (A. Fadeev). Davydov (how?) looked around the house with curiosity (M. Sholokhov). We stopped (where?) in front of the gate (I. Turgenev). (Where?) A lumberjack's ax was heard in the forest (N. Nekrasov). Three girls under the window were spinning (when?) late. in the evening (A. Pushkin). (When?) By evening, the meadow turned green again (M. Prishvin). A frog in a meadow, (when?), seeing an ox, decided to catch up with him in stature (I. Krylov). He made a mistake (how much?) in the heat of the moment. (Why?) Og of joy, the girl jumped on the spot. (Why?) Tired on the road, I fell asleep soundly .. Here the city will be founded (why?) in spite of the arrogant neighbor (A. Pushkin). In Taysanaur, l stopped (for what purpose?) To change horses (A. Pushkin). It became stuffy in the sakla, and I went out into the air (why?) to freshen up (M. Lermontov). With a severe drought (under what condition and?) The crop may die. With a raincoat (under what condition and?), I could fish in the rain. |
|||
| Kinds circumstances | Way expressions | Examples | nbsp; | ||
| 7. Concessions | noun with prepositions, adverbial phrase | Contrary to the prediction (contrary to what?) of my companion, the weather cleared up and promised us quiet morning(M. Lermontov). | nbsp; | ||
Note. The circumstance of the mode of action, in addition, can be expressed by comparative turns with unions as, as if, as if, as if, for example: Like an angry beast, the river rushed about on its banks (V. Arseniev); It's close to noon. The fire is burning. Like a plowman, the battle is resting (A. Pushkin); On the opposite bank, like gigantic sentries, there were mighty cedars (V. Arseniev).
The circumstance is connected to the main word by adjunction or control. If the circumstance is connected with the main word management, then it may have an additional meaning of the addition: (G d e?) Over the gray plain of the sea, the wind collects clouds (M. Gorky). In addition to the question where ?, the question of addition over what is also possible?
Task 5. Set up punctuation marks. Explain all punctuation options.
1. The guests began to say goodbye and everyone went to the room assigned to him. 2. The girl came tired and pale. 3. Frightened by the noise, the badger rushed to the side. 4. A network swayed across the oxbow, stretched with yellowed birch bark floats. 5. I never entered the house, sat on a bench and left unnoticed by anyone.6. She threw a handkerchief over her head and, filled with hope, went out into the street. 7. The charred and collapsed mill frame was densely overgrown with quinoa. 8. Attempts to write simply led to sad and funny results. 9. Once a pampered cat of a tavern maid, a cunning sweetheart and a toady, a smoky golden-eyed favorite of the whole yard dragged a starling from the garden. 10. It was his peer, nicknamed Rudnya, a peasant from a neighboring village. 11. Aspens are trembling sensitive barometers of forests. Rose hips blossomed as a companion of bright June nights. 12. A silent, wordless guest, I enter nature into your castle. 13. Peers are close relatives for years, they almost never parted. 14. He believed that a botanist artist would come out of Vanya. 15. It has been proven that animals such as dolphins are quite capable of love. 16. Falling leaves whisper saying goodbye forever. 17. Having said goodbye to him, Laptev returned to his room slowly. 18. They both sat quietly for five minutes without moving. 19. Nekhlyudov took the letter and, promising to hand it over, got up and said goodbye and went out into the street. 20. With the exception of these few shortcomings, he was an excellent person. 21. On the slope of a shallow ravine, near the wattle fence, an apiary was visible. 22. It was still dark on the right side of the road along the coast under the sprawling trees. 23. In the distance, seven hundred meters from the highway, thickets of willow could be seen. 24. The waves, contrary to the prevailing poetic tradition, did not strive anywhere, did not roll and did not run in succession. 25. At the lesson, it turned out that everyone on the boat, with the exception of Sizov and Zhadan, was older than their commander. 26. A young forest in green smoke dressed in warm thunderstorms is impatiently waiting. 27. Increasingly, the peaceful sky was troubled by rebellious clouds, heralds of the approaching cold weather. 28. The guard of the fishermen and their constant friend burns a lighthouse on the far shore. 29.I. S. Turgenev, the author of "Notes of a Hunter" is a great Russian writer. 30. A cloud approached and the wind blew, raising dust along the road. 31. I have seen travelers who have not lost their passion despite their age. 32. The mists swirling and wriggling slid down. 33. Some kind of night bird, probably an eagle owl, frightened people with its cries.
Task 6. Place punctuation marks:
1. Vera Iosifovna, already very old with white hair, shook hands with Startsev. 2. The master's house, isolated by a mountain from the winds, fenced, stood above the river. 3. And he clung to my mouth and tore out my sinful tongue, both idle and crafty. 4. Always self-confident this time she was at a loss. 5. All those invited to the celebration were cheerful and good-natured. 6. She spoke without getting angry. 7. This house has been under construction since autumn. 8. And for a long time he lay abandoned then in the Armenian camping shop. 9. Laughing, he defiantly despised the land of a foreign language and customs. 10. Aksinya entered the hall without knocking. 11. By a country road I like to ride in a cart and with a slow gaze, piercing the night, meet the shadow on the sides, sighing about the lodging for the night, the trembling lights of sad villages. 12. In your eyes, looking silently, I pour tears. 13. Everyone began to work with their sleeves rolled up. 14. In all honesty, we expected different results. 15. A coquette judges in cold blood Tatyana loves in earnest. 16. My Eugene, fearing jealous condemnations, was a pedant in his clothes. 17. At home, Gromov always read lying down.
Task 7. Place punctuation marks in sentences:
1. Unfortunately, the faithful sister hope in the gloomy dungeon will awaken pride and fun. 2. We sailed for a long time and finally Mother Neva. 3. The owner of my doctor was an eternally busy silent man. 4. An old peasant with a farm laborer walked in the evening through the woods. 5. A fanatic of his work, Kuzmichev always thought about his affairs even in his sleep and while praying in church. 6. I am your old matchmaker and godfather came to put up with you not at all for the sake of a quarrel. 7. The second son Yakov, round and ruddy, looked like his mother's face. 8. I am sitting behind bars in a dungeon, a raw young eagle bred in captivity ... 9. In relations with us, he demanded one complete submission. 10. The jumping dragonfly sang red summer. 11. Yermolai had a cop dog nicknamed Valetka. 12. The owner, a Yaitsky Cossack, seemed to be a man of about sixty. 13. Nozdrev in many respects was a versatile person, that is, a man of all trades.
Task 8. Set up punctuation marks.
1. Down at the foot of the pines it is already dark and damp. 2. The Lord's house stood in the south, that is, on a hill open to all winds. 3. As a very young man, almost a boy, I began to work. 4. For these purposes, use a tree stronger than larch, for example. 5. In this respect, even one very important event for both of them happened, namely, Kitty's meeting with Vronsky. 6. Grandfather Semyon had his own golden and unfulfilled dream of becoming a carpenter. 7. This is not the place to explain to you and not the time. 8. He immediately spoke about it in the first minutes. 9. The new manager paid most of his attention to the formal side of the matter, in particular to clerical subtleties. 10. Sometimes very rarely he played with children. 11. I finished the evening with the princess there were no guests except Vera and one amusing old man. 12. He spoke for ten minutes for a long time. 13. I am ready for all sacrifices, except for this marriage twenty times, I will even put my life on the line, but I will not sell my freedom. 14. We performed various works mostly in the garden. 15. In life there is only one undoubted happiness to live for others. 16. He spoke about pride and spoke very sensibly.
cratic prejudices, the teacher was for her a kind of servant or artisan, and the servant or artisan did not seem to her a man. She didn't even notice? the chatter she produced on Deforge's m?r1, neither his embarrassment, nor his trembling, nor his changed voice. For several days in a row then she met him quite often, without deigning more attention? value. in an unexpected way she got a completely new concept of him.
In Kiril Petrovich's yard, several cubs were usually brought up and constituted one of the main pastimes of the Pokrov landowner. In their first youth, were the cubs driven by hedgehogs? in the afternoon to the drawing room, where Kirila Petrovich fiddled with them for hours on end, playing them off with cats and puppies. Having matured, they were put on a chain, in anticipation of a real persecution. Occasionally they were taken out in front of the windows of the manor house and an empty wine barrel studded with nails was rolled up to them; the bear sniffed her, then quietly reached her? squirmed, pricked his paws, angry pushed her forces? her, and the pain grew stronger. Did he enter the Sovereign? crazy fury, with a roar rushed to the barrel, bye? places were not taken away from the poor beast, the object of his futile rage. It happened that a couple of bears were harnessed to the cart, willy-nilly they put guests in it and let them gallop to the will of God. But best joke revered by Kiril Petrovich next.
A hungry bear used to be locked up in an empty room, tied with a rope to a ring screwed into the wall. The rope was almost the length of the entire room, so that only the opposite corner could be safe from the attack of a terrible
1 M (r (French) - Monsieur (Mr.).
beast. They usually brought a novice to the door of this room, accidentally pushed him to the bear, the doors were locked, and the unfortunate victim was left alone with the shaggy hermit. The poor guest, with a ragged skirt and scratched to the point of blood, soon found a safe corner, but was sometimes forced to stand for three hours, clinging to the wall, and see how the angry beast, two steps away from him, roared, jumped, reared up, rushed and tried to reach him. Such were the nobility? new amusements of the Russian master! A few days after the arrival of the teacher, Troekurov remembered him and set out to treat him in a bear ball? here: for this, calling him one morning, he led him along the dark corridors; suddenly the side door opened, two servants pushing the franc in it? tsuza and lock it with a key. Coming to his senses, the teacher saw a tied bear, the beast began to snort, sniffing at his guest from a distance, and suddenly, rising on his hind legs, went towards him ... Don't I dare the Frenchman? hid, did not run and waited for an attack. Bear at? approached, Desforges took out a small pistol from his pocket, put it in the ear of the hungry beast, and you? shot. The bear fell. Everything came running, the doors opened, Kirila Petrovich entered, amazed at the denouement of his joke. Kirila Petrovich wanted not? without fail an explanation of the whole matter: who forestalled De? forge about a joke prepared for him, or why he had a loaded gun in his pocket. He sent for Masha. Masha came running and translated her father's questions to the Frenchman.
I have not heard of a bear, answered De? forge - but I always carry pistols with me, huh? because he does not intend to endure an insult, for which, in my rank, I cannot demand satisfaction.
Masha looked at him in amazement and translated his words to Kiril Petrovich. Kirila Petrovich no? which he did not answer, he ordered to pull out the bear and remove the skin from it; then, turning to his people, he said: “What a fine fellow! I didn’t get scared, by God, I didn’t get scared. From that moment on, he fell in love with Deforge and did not even think of trying him.
But this case made even more impression? on Marya Kirilovna. Was her imagination amazed: she saw a dead bear and Deforge, calmly standing over him and calmly talking to her? brewing. She saw that courage and proud pride did not exclusively belong to one class, and since then she began to show respect to the young teacher, which became more attentive from hour to hour ...
VOLUME TWO
On the eve of the holiday, guests began to arrive, others stayed in the master's house and in the outbuilding? lyakh, others - at the clerk, still others - at the priest? ka, the fourth - among wealthy peasants. The stables were full of road horses, the yards and barns behind? cluttered with different crews.
Servants fussed, arranging bottles and graphics? us and adjusting the tablecloths. Finally, the butler proclaimed: “The food is set,” and Kirila Petrovich was the first to go to sit down at the table, the ladies followed him and importantly took their places, observe? giving some seniority, the young ladies shy away from each other, like a timid herd of goats, and chose places for themselves, one next to the other. Place against them? foxed men. At the end of the table sat the teacher next to little Sasha.
The servants began to carry the plates to the ranks ... The ringing of plates and spoons merged with the noisy conversation of the guests. Kirila Petrovich cheerfully surveyed his meal and fully enjoyed the happiness of the hospitality. At this time? I was driven into the yard by a carriage drawn by six horses. "Who is this?" - asked the owner. "Anton Pafnutich," answered several voices. The doors opened, and Anton Pafnutich Spitsyn, a fat man of about fifty, with a round and pockmarked face? a man adorned with a triple chin, burst into the dining room, bowing, smiling and already about to apologize ... “The device is here,” Kirila Petrovich shouted. - You are welcome, Anton Pafnutich, sit down and tell us what it means: he was not at my mass and was late for dinner. This is not like you, you are both devout and love to eat. - “I’m sorry,” answered Anton Pafnutich, tying a napkin in the buttonhole of his pea caftan, “I’m sorry, father Kirila Petrovich, I started on the road early, but I didn’t have time to drive off even ten miles, when suddenly the tire at the front wheel was cut in half - what do you order? Fortunately, it was not far from the village; until they dragged themselves to her, but they found a blacksmith, but somehow they settled everything, exactly three hours passed, was there nothing to do? go. I did not dare to take a short route through the Kistenevsky forest, but set off on a detour ... ".
- Hey! - interrupted Kirila Petrovich, - yes, you know, you are not from a brave dozen; what are you afraid of?
- How afraid of something, father Kirila Petrovich,
A Dubrovsky? then; and look you will fall into his paws. He doesn’t miss a little, he won’t let anyone down, and he’ll probably tear off two skins from me.
- Why, brother, such a difference?
- Why, father Kirila Petrovich? And for the litigation? That of the late Andrei Gavrilovich. Isn't it me
for your pleasure, that is, according to conscience and right? duration, showed that the Dubrovskys own Kiste? Nevkoy without any right to do so, but only by your indulgence. And the dead man (God rest his soul) promised to talk to me in his own way, and the son, perhaps, will keep the word of the father. Dose? le God have mercy. All in all, they plundered one hut from me, and be careful, they will get to the estate.
- And in the estate? That will be expanse for them, ”said Kirila Petrovich,“ I have tea, the red casket is full? Full ...
- Where, father Kirila Petrovich. Was there a floor? on, and now completely empty!
- Full of lies, Anton Pafnutich. We know you; where do you spend money, you live like a pig at home, you don’t accept anyone, you rip off your men, you know, you save up, and that’s all.
- You all deign to joke, father Kirila Petrovich, - Anton Paf muttered with a smile? nutich, - and we, by golly, went bankrupt, - and Anton Pafnutich began to seize the master's joke of the owner with a fat piece of kulebyaki. Kirila Petrovich osta? forked him and turned to the new police officer, who had come to visit him for the first time and was sitting on a tree? at the end of the table next to the teacher.
- And what, mister police officer, will you at least catch Dubrovsky?
The police chief got scared, bowed, smiled, stammered, and finally said:
- We'll try, Your Excellency.
- Hm, let's try. They have been trying for a long, long time, but it’s still no use. Yes, really, why catch him. Dubrovsky's robberies are grace for police officers: raz? driving, investigations, carts, and money in your pocket. How can such a benefactor be known? Isn't that right, sir?
The real truth, Your Excellency, answered the completely embarrassed police officer.
The guests laughed...
At about seven o'clock in the evening some of the guests wanted to leave, but the host, amused by the punch, ordered the gates to be locked and announced that he would not let anyone out of the yard until the next morning. Soon thundered mu? tongue, the doors to the hall opened, and the ball began ...
Only one person did not participate in the total ra? Dosti: Anton Pafnutich sat gloomy and silent in his place, ate absently and seemed extremely restless. Talk of robbers excited his imagination. We will soon see that he had enough? the exact reason to fear them.
Anton Pafnutich, calling on the Lord to witness? Is it because his red box was empty, he didn’t lie and didn’t sin: the red box was as if empty, the money that was once stored in it passed into a leather bag that he wore on his chest under a roux? head. It was only by this precaution that he calmed his distrust of everyone and his eternal fear. Being forced to spend the night in someone else's house, he was afraid that they would not take him overnight somewhere in a secluded room where thieves could easily get in, he was looking for a reliable comrade and you? finally took Deforge. His appearance, I rebuke? The strength, and even more courage, shown by him when he met a bear, which poor Anton Pafnutich could not remember without a shudder, decided his choice. When they got up from the table, Anton Pafnutich began to spin around the young Frenchman, grunting and
clearing his throat, and finally turned to him with an exclamation? ignorance.
[He asked the Frenchman to let him spend the night in his room.]
The guests began to say goodbye to each other, and each went to the room assigned to him. And Anton Pafnutich went with the teacher to the wing. The night was dark. Deforge illuminated the road with a lantern. Anton Pafnutich followed him quite cheerfully, occasionally clutching a hidden bag to his chest in order to confirm? Xia, that his money is with him.
Arriving in the wing, the teacher lit a candle, and both began to undress; meanwhile Anton Pafnutitch was pacing up and down the room, examining the locks and windows, and shaking his head at this disappointing inspection. The doors were locked with a single bolt, the windows did not yet have double frames. He tried to complain about Deforge, but his knowledge of French was too limited for such a complex subject? clarifications; the Frenchman did not understand him, and Anton Pafnutich was forced to leave his complaints. Their beds stood one against the other, both lay down, and the teacher extinguished the candle.
[Anton Pafnutich, confusing French and Russian verbs, asked Deforge not to extinguish the candle, but he did not understand, wished Good night and was soon snoring.]
Anton Pafnutich fell silent, fatigue and wine vapors gradually overcame his timidity, he began to doze, and soon a deep sleep took possession of him. perfect.
A strange awakening was preparing for him. Is he chuv? stvoval through a dream that someone? Someone quietly pulled him by the collar of his shirt. Anton Pafnutich opened his eyes and, in the pale light of an autumn morning, saw in front of him
the battle of Deforge; did the Frenchman hold a pocket in one hand? ny pistol, and with the other he unfastened the treasured bag.
Anton Pafnutich froze.
- Kes ke se, monsieur, kes ke se? 1 - he said in a trembling voice.
- Hush, be silent, - the teacher answered in pure Russian, - be silent or you are lost. Am I dub? Rovsky.
[The chapter tells how Dubrovsky met a Frenchman at the post station, who stayed there because there were no free horses. He questioned him and found out that he was going on a letter of recommendation to Pokrovskoye to see Troek? ditch for the post of teacher and is very afraid, because he has heard about the cruelty of this gentleman. Dubrovsky asked if anyone in Troekurov's house knew him by sight. Getting negative from? Well, Dubrovsky looked through his papers and offered him 10,000 rubles for them, which was payment for three years of service. Fran? tsuz agreed and gave his word of honor to keep silent about this incident, and in the city to declare that he was robbed by Dubrovsky.]
Dubrovsky, having mastered the papers of a Frenchman, see? lo appeared, as we have already seen, to Troekurov and the village? poured in his house. What were his secret names? rhenium (we will know them later), but there was nothing reprehensible in his behavior. Is he really ma? Lo was engaged in the upbringing of little Sasha, gave him complete freedom to hang out2 and not strictly exact? nodded for the lessons given only for the form, but with great diligence followed musical success his pupil and often sat for hours at a time with her at the pianoforte. Everyone loved the young
1 What is it, sir, what is it? (French).
2 Pove′ snichat - mess around.
teacher, Kirila Petrovich - for his bold agility? hunting, Marya Kirilovna - for unlimited? noe diligence and timid attentiveness, Sasha - for condescension to his pranks, domestic - for kindness and generosity, apparently inconsistent with his condition. He himself, it seemed, was attached to the whole family and already considered himself a member of it.
It's been about a month since he entered the Star? teacher's to a memorable celebration, and no one suspected that in a modest young franc? tsuse lurked a formidable robber, whose name terrified all the surrounding owners. All this time, Dubrovsky did not leave Pokrovsky, but the rumor about his robberies did not subside thanks to his inventive imagination. villagers, but it could also be that his gang continued its actions even in the absence of the chief ...
Several days passed and nothing remarkable happened. The life of the inhabitants of the Pokrov? sky was monotonous. Kirila Petrovich daily? but went hunting; reading, walking and music? nye lessons occupied Marya Kirilovna, especially music lessons. She began to understand her own venous heart and admitted with involuntary annoyance that it was not indifferent to the virtues of youth? dogo Frenchman. For his part, he did not go beyond the limits of respect and strict propriety, and thereby calmed her pride and timid doubts ...
One day, when you came to the hall where you were waiting for her to teach? tel, Marya Kirilovna noticed with amazement the smugness? expression on his pale face. Did she open the pianoforte? yano, sang a few notes, but Dubrovsky
He apologized on the pretext of a headache, interrupted the lesson, and, closing the notes, handed her a note furtively. Marya Kirilovna, without having time to change her mind, accepted her and the races? repented at that very moment, but Dubrovsky was no longer in the hall. Marya Kirilovna went to her room? she unfolded the note and read the following:
“Be today at seven o’clock in the gazebo by the stream. I need to talk to you."
Her curiosity was greatly aroused. She had long awaited recognition, wanting and fearing it. She would be pleased to hear confirmation of what she guessed, but she felt that it would be indecent for her to hear such an explanation from a person who, by his condition, could not hope? to ever get her hand. She decided to go on a date, but hesitated in one thing: how would she accept the confession of a teacher, an aristocrat? Is it with tic indignation, with admonitions of friends? would, with funny jokes or with a silent fate? eat. Meanwhile, she kept looking at her watch. It was getting dark, candles were lit, Kirila Petrovich sat down to play Boston with visiting neighbors. The table clock struck the third quarter of seven, and Marya Kirilovna quietly went out onto the porch, looked around in all directions, and ran into the garden.
The night was dark, the sky was covered with clouds, it was impossible to see anything two paces away, but Marya Kirilovna walked in the darkness along familiar paths and a minute later found herself at the arbor; here she stopped to catch her breath and appear before Desforges with an air of indifference and unhurriedness. But Desforges was already standing before her.
1 Bosto ′ n - card game.
