Traditional Chinese musical instruments. Paintings by Wang Congde
Traditional Chinese music is characterized by sharp timbres, and in an ensemble, due to the poor combination of overtones, this effect is usually further enhanced. Apparently, it was precisely such timbres that the Chinese found pleasant. If you listen to traditional Chinese opera, you can appreciate the depth of the gulf between the tastes of European and Asian music lovers.
Moreover, one of the most common techniques when playing traditional Chinese instruments is vibrato, which in fact also enhances the sharpness of the timbre by repeating two adjacent sounds (a second is a very dissonant interval). And in the traverse di flute, the Chinese even made a special hole, which gives the sound an additional rattle.
Probably, it is thanks to the timbres that Chinese music seems so hysterical and poignant.
Guzheng
Guzheng (guzheng) is a plucked stringed instrument, a relative of the zither. Typically, the guzheng has eighteen to twenty-five strings, which were traditionally made of silk, but now they are more often made of metal. Probably, before the timbre of the guzheng was much softer. Interestingly, the nut on the guzheng can be moved by changing the tuning of the instrument.
Qixianxin, or guqin (guqin) is an instrument with a similar timbre and structure, but with seven strings. The style of playing the guqing differs from the guzheng in many glissandos.
This is a very ancient instrument - Confucius played it two and a half millennia ago. This instrument is tuned very low - this is such a double bass from Chinese instruments. For the guqin, its own was invented own system musical notation, so it has been preserved very ancient music for this tool. The performer's gestures are part of a piece of music, they are described in notes. Each work had some kind of extra-musical meaning, usually associated with nature, often accompanied by poetry.
Pipa
Another plucked stringed instrument, the pipa, is shaped like a lute. The pipa has only four strings. It is believed that the pipa came to China from Central Asia.
Erhu
Erhu (erhu) - string bowed instrument. It is probably the most popular of the traditional Chinese instruments. The erhu has only two metal strings. The bow is fixed between the strings, forming a single whole with the erhu. The timbre of the erhu is soft, similar to a violin.
Sheng
Sheng (sheng) - a wind instrument similar in sound to a bandaneon. It consists of thirty-six (three octaves) bamboo or reed pipes "growing" from a stand with a mouthpiece. The timbre of the sheng is very well combined with the timbres of other traditional Chinese instruments, which cannot be said about the rest of the instruments.
Di
Di (dizi) - transverse flute with six holes. This tool has interesting feature- next to the air inlet there is another one, covered with a thin bamboo film, due to which the instrument has a slight rattling overtone.
According to historical sources, in ancient times there were about a thousand musical instruments, of which about half have survived to this day. The earliest of these dates back over 8,000 years.
Traditional Chinese musical instruments closely related to the emergence of music in China. They symbolize Chinese culture, and in ancient times were also indicators of the level of productivity.
Ancient researchers divided all instruments into eight categories or "eight sounds", according to the material that was taken as the basis for the manufacture of an instrument, namely: metal, stone, strings, bamboo, dried and hollowed gourd, clay, leather and wood .
Metal: refers to metal-made instruments such as gongs and bronze drums.
Stone: stone instruments such as carillon and stone plates (a kind of bells).
Strings: instruments with strings that are played directly with the fingers or in special thimbles - small plectra-marigolds worn on the performer's fingers or with a bow, such as the Chinese violin, 25-string horizontal harp and instruments with a large number of strings, like the zither .
Bamboo: instruments, predominantly flutes, made from bamboo stalk, such as the eight-hole bamboo flute.
Pumpkin tools: wind instruments in which a vessel made of dried and hollowed gourd is used as a resonator. These include sheng and yu.
Clay: clay-made instruments such as the xun, an egg-shaped wind instrument the size of a fist, with six holes or fewer, and fou, a clay percussion instrument.
Leather: instruments whose resonating membrane is made of dressed animal skin. For example, drums and tom-toms.
Wooden: tools made mostly of wood. Of these, the most common are the muyu - "wooden fish" (a hollow wooden block used to beat out the rhythm) and the xylophone.
Xun (埙 Xun)
Zheng (筝 Zheng)
According to ancient sources, the original zheng had only five strings and was made of bamboo. Under Qin, the number of strings increased to ten, and wood was used instead of bamboo. After the fall of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), the zheng became a 13-string instrument, the strings of which were stretched over an oblong wooden resonator. Today, one can still enjoy the harmonious tone of the 13, 14, or 16-string zheng, which is still actively used in China as part of musical ensembles, and solo.
Guqin (古琴 Guqin)
The guqin is characterized by a narrow and long wooden body with 13 round marks on the surface, designed to indicate the positions of the overtones or places where the fingers should be placed when playing. Generally speaking, high notes The guqin are clean and harmonious, the middle ones are strong and distinct, its low sound is soft and elusive, with clear and charming overtones.
The sounds of the upper tonality "guqin" are clear, ringing, pleasant to the ear. Mid-pitched sounds are loud, while lower-pitched sounds are gentle and soft. The whole charm of the sound of "guqin" lies in the changeable timbre. It is used as a solo instrument, as well as in ensembles and as an accompaniment to singing. Nowadays, there are more than 200 varieties of guqin playing techniques.
Sona (唢呐 Suona)
Resonant and intelligible, this instrument is ideal for playing amazingly lively and pleasantly striking numbers and is often the leading instrument in brass and opera orchestras. Its loud sound is easy to distinguish from other instruments. He is also able to set the rhythm and imitate the chirping of birds and the chirping of insects. Sona is rightfully an indispensable instrument for folk festivities and festivals.
Sheng (笙 Sheng)
Sheng is distinguished by its bright expressiveness and incredible grace in changing notes, with a clear, sonorous sound in the upper key and gentle in the middle and lower keys, it is an integral part of folklore concerts for wind and percussion instruments.
Xiao and Di (箫 Xiao, 笛 Di)
Xiao - vertical bamboo flute, di - horizontal bamboo flute - traditional wind instruments of China.
The history of "xiao" is about 3000 years old, when "di" appeared in China in the 2nd century BC, having got there from Central Asia. In its original form, the xiao resembled something like a flute, consisting of 16 bamboo pipes. Today, xiao is most commonly seen in the form of a single flute. And since such a flute is quite easy to make, it is quite popular among the population. The two earliest pipes, dating from the Warring States period (475 - 221 BC), were discovered in the tomb of King Zeng in Suxian County, Hubei Province in 1978. Each of them consists of 13 perfectly preserved bamboo pipes, connected together in descending order of their length. The soft and elegant sound of the xiao is ideal for solo as well as playing in an ensemble to express deep soulful feelings in a long, gentle and sentimental melody.
Pipa (琵琶 Pipa)
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The pipa, known in antiquity as the "bent-necked pipa", is a major plucked musical instrument, adopted from Mesopotamia towards the end of the Eastern Han period (25-220), and carried inland through Xinjiang and Gansu by the fourth century. During the Sui and Tang dynasties (581 - 907), the pipa became the main instrument. Almost all musical pieces of the Tang era (618 - 907) were performed on the pipa. A versatile instrument for solos, ensembles (of two or more instruments) and accompaniment, the pipa is renowned for its intense expressiveness and ability to sound passionately and heroically powerful, yet subtly subtle and graceful at the same time. It is used both for solo performances and in orchestras. |
and musical instruments under the Song (960-1279) and Yuan (1279-1368) dynasties
Chinese folk instrumental music has ancient history. Since ancient times, instrumental music has been widely heard during holidays, wedding and funeral rites, at temple festivities, court ceremonies and celebrations. She developed in dance, vocal art, V folk genre saying and singing. In the history of the development of instrumental music, the use of different sets of musical instruments, unequal compositions and performance styles contributed to the formation various kinds performances: solo, ensemble, orchestral and folk-orchestral collective performance. Folk instrumental music, which is now widespread in various regions of China, has developed over many centuries under the influence of regional characteristics and local customs, and therefore has a colorful regional specificity. In addition, in various historical periods the same musical material could be performed differently. And for this there were all the possibilities - the traditional Chinese orchestra included about 100 types of musical instruments. The largest group, about 30 types, is string (plucked and bowed). Among the plucked instruments, the most commonly used ce, qin And pipa(4-string lute). Among the bowed (the common name of this group is hu) were the most common erhu, dry, banhu, jinhu etc. Most popular erhu- A 2-string instrument, it has been used as a solo and orchestral instrument by professionals and amateurs. The wind group included: xiao (longitudinal flute) And paixiao(multi-barreled flute), which consisted of several bamboo tubes of various lengths and made it possible to obtain a very diverse diatonic scale; chi And di- transverse flutes; sona- an instrument with a double reed (a kind of simplified oboe). Among reed wind instruments - sheng, the tool is very ancient origin. WITH sheng many legends and beliefs were associated, its sound was considered similar to the voice of a fantastic phoenix bird. Among the percussion yaogu(kind of tambourine) bangu(one-sided snare drum), bojun(a type of bell suspended on a crossbar), bianzhong(kit zhunov- bells that form a certain modal scale) (see).
From antiquity up to the present day, many solo instrumental works. However, there was no historically strict line between solo and ensemble works for folk musical instruments. In other words, both solo and ensemble performances of the same musical composition. Ensemble music was performed for two or more voices, with each voice performed by a separate musician.
Folk instrumental compositions are traditionally divided into two types - 单曲 danqu"song" and 套曲 taoqu song cycle. A song is a single typical melody, and a song cycle is several typical melodies or a combination of excerpts from several separate compositions. A traditional instrumental has a theme. Sometimes the theme indicates the content of the composition, and in other cases it is not directly related to the content of the melody.
Folk instrumental music is traditionally divided depending on the types used in the performance of the main musical instruments into string-wind music ( sizhu yue丝竹乐), string music ( xiansuo yue弦索乐), percussion music ( chuida yue吹打乐) and percussion music ( logu yue锣鼓乐).
String-wind music is one of the forms of ensemble performance of folk instrumental music, which is formed by one or two main string and wind instruments, often in close combination with a number of other wind, string, and percussion instruments. String-wind music is characterized by subtlety of expression, softness, lightness and melody.
IN string music the main role is given to stringed instruments. It is distinguished by sophistication, grace and is more suitable for chamber performance.
Percussion-brass music is also a form of ensemble performance of folk instrumental music, in which wind and strings (or only winds) and percussion instruments are simultaneously used. Such music is suitable for performance in the open air and perfectly conveys the spirit of celebrations, victories, significant events.
Purely percussive music has a variety of colors, rhythm, and is ideal for conveying stormy and strong emotions and is often performed outdoors.
Although the musical instruments of the Tang era (618-907) and the Five Dynasties Period (907-960) continued to be used in the Sung and Yuan eras, on the one hand, the old instruments were continuously improved, and on the other hand, many new ones appeared. In addition, musical works continued to be written for old instruments, for example, for the lute pipa- a plucked stringed musical instrument (see), by this time the frets had already been broken ( ping品) both for the convenience of performance, and for expanding and enriching with new colors the sound range of this ancient instrument. In the era of the Yuan dynasty, contrary to the philistine opinion about the purely destructive influence of the Mongols both on China as a whole and on the culture of China formed by previous centuries, new instrumental musical works for solo performance also continued to be created. So, for example, a famous play was created for pipa: haiqing na tian'e海青拿天鹅 ("Haiqing beats the swan"). The play describes how the brave golden eagle Haiqing fights in the sky with a swan and defeats it. In that piece of music eloquently reflects the main episodes of life northern peoples China in antiquity, for which the main source of livelihood was hunting. Ever since that time, this essay has been ardently loved by the simple Chinese people, and, passing through the times of the subsequent eras of Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911), has come down to our days.
It is to the era of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty that the information contained in the section Li yue chih("Notes on ritual music") compositions Yuan shi("History of the [dynasty] Yuan") the first mention of a bowed musical instrument called huqin胡琴 (meaning erhu. - ON THE.): "Creates music like fire, the instrument itself is with a dragon's head, has two strings, a curved bow, while the strings and hair of the bow are made of a horse's tail" (7, p. 96). Later, in the Ming Dynasty, one of the officials named Yuzi (尤子) commissioned a painting called "Autumn Grand Banquet in the Unicorn Hall", which depicts huqin with a dragon's head, two strings made from a horse's tail, and in shape very similar to a modern erhu(cm. ). Much later, thanks to the existence of this single painting, people learned what the old one looked like. erhu the Yuan era.
The fact is that in the Ming era, all the customs and customs of the Yuan dynasty, clothes, hairstyles, beards of foreign barbarians were persecuted, banned, everything was destroyed. It is natural that huqin, being a musical instrument of Mongolian foreigners, fell into oblivion, they stopped playing it until the reign of the Qing dynasty, Emperor Qianlong (1736 - 1795), when huqin became a member of the Beijing Opera Orchestra, became an indispensable and favorite instrument in palace music, without him, in fact, as well as without the participation pipa became unthinkable folk song and theater.
And in our days erhu- one of the most popular musical instruments in China, used for solo playing, in ensembles, in ordinary orchestras, for accompaniment in orchestras of musical drama and opera. Erhu not only a professional instrument, it is also widely popular among amateurs in a wide variety of urban and rural populations.
It is worth noting once again that musical instruments that already existed in previous dynasties not only survived during the Song and Yuan dynasties, but also greatly expanded their scope. Popular musical instruments such as beat筚篥 or 觱篥 (bamboo horn), Dagu大鼓 (big drum with legs), zhanggu杖鼓 (leather drum with overstretched body), castanets paiban拍板, transverse flute di笛, stringed instrument pipa琵琶, stringed instrument zheng 筝, fangxiang方响 (percussion instrument - frame with hanging copper plates), mouth organ sheng笙, multi-barreled flute paixiao排箫, flute xiao箫 and pipe guan管, ancient lute ruanxian阮咸, seven-string qin - qixianqin七弦琴, bowed string instrument from two strings jiqin嵇琴 and others. Of all this diversity, in the days of the Song in court music schools, a particularly important place was occupied by beat, Dagu, zhanggu, paiban, di, pipa, fangxiang And zheng.
Tool zhanggu already existed in Tang times, it was like a “barrel (bucket) covered with varnish, blows were applied from two sides”, this was another name for a double-sided drum zegu羯鼓 (probably borrowed from the jie, terr. prov. Shanxi). In Sun time zhanggu had a "broad head and a thin waist", "they hit with a hand on the left, and with a stick on the right." During the Song zhanggu was used not only for collective performance, but often for solo. Or, for example, a wind musical instrument sheng- in the days of the Song, three types of it were common: yusheng 竽笙, chaosheng巢笙 and just sheng; at that time they all had 19 reeds - juan簧. In the Sung time, in the areas of modern Sichuan province, one more species appeared - fengsheng风笙, 36-reed (see).
Another example: in Tang times, there was already a stringed instrument yazheng轧筝. In the Sung era, it changed its name to yaqin轧琴, when playing it “... they used a bamboo board of a curved shape (similar to the right side of the hieroglyph 轧. - ON THE.) with a softened (润) end and “creaked” (轧) along the strings with it” (see). This is one of the types of string instruments, the strings of which were “rubbed” or “striped” (擦), it has survived to this day, later transforming into a bow (with a bowstring of horsehair), which was driven along the strings zheng(cm. ).
Names of new instruments began to appear in sources everywhere. For example, jiqin嵇琴 is also one of the bowed string instruments, consists of two strings, the bow is clamped between the strings and music is played, jiqin is the forerunner of musical instruments of the family huqin. It also has the name xiqing. It was already in vogue during the Northern Song (960 - 1127). There is such a story about this instrument. Once there was a ceremonial dinner (feast) in the palace, the music teacher of the court school Xu Yan 徐衍 played the jiqing, but during his performance on the instrument, one string broke quite inopportunely. The high-class musician Xu Yan did not stop the music to change the string, but continued to play the one remaining string and ended his performance like that.
Instruments such as three-string plucked instrument sanxian三弦, racks with a set of 13 gongs yunao 云璈, hobuses火不思 or hunbuses浑不似 - a four-string Mongolian lute, as well as xinglongsheng兴隆笙 ("inflatable sheng”) - a reed musical instrument, a flute with bellows - all of them also appeared during the Song and Yuan. Yunao also called junaolo云璈锣, this is a row of small copper (bronze) gongs, built in order and suspended on a wooden shelf (frame, stand). Hobuses, or hunbuses, Also hubos胡拨四 is a plucked musical instrument brought from the western lands, it has four strings, a long fingerboard, the pegs are located on one side of the neck.
xinglongsheng- This early form western organ (i.e. keyboard wind instrument), was brought to China during the reign of the late Song (1260 - 1264) from Central Asia(as an offering to the current Muslim minority hui to the Yuan court when the Yuan dynasty was not yet in power in China, see), was used in palaces during feasts. There are records of this in Yuan shi("History of the [dynasty] Yuan"). At that time, the Arabs had a fairly rich knowledge of air and hydraulic pressure and applied these principles when creating an organ. In the Middle Ages, they brought the organ to Europe. And already on the basis of this organ brought by the Arabs in Europe, a modern keyboard organ was created, which became the father of European harmonic music. In China at that time there was no such scientific knowledge, and after xinglongsheng was brought to China, it was only used to a limited extent at court. And although in the period from 1314 to 1321, 10 types of palace palaces were created on its basis shengs (dianting sheng殿庭笙), after that there was no noticeable progress in the development of this type of instruments, and at the end of the Yuan they completely disappeared from imperial palace(cm. ). We could not find images of this tool, but in Yuan shi given it short description: « xinglongsheng, an instrument for [performing] music at ceremonial dinners, made of mahil wood ( hire楠木), the shape is like an open [at a right angle] book, the surface is even and the edge is pointed at the top ... ”On this flat surface, as on a auditorium various images were carved on the screen: medlar, pheasants, bamboo, clouds, the miraculous face of Buddha (宝相); back wall was divided into three parts, the middle third was hollow, like the hollowness of a gourd, from which sheng. There were also vertically arranged bamboo tubes of various sizes. Below there was a seat for the musician. Three people were involved in the performance of music: one worked as a blower, the other played music directly on the keys, and the third moved the valves, as on a modern organ. The audience, listening to music, looked at the screen and the images cut out on it (see).
During the Southern Song (1127 - 1279) in dens - brothels or gambling houses ( wazi goulan瓦子勾栏) quiet, gentle music was played ( xiue细乐) performed collectively on the flute xiao箫 and fife guan管, mouth organ shene 笙, jiqing, fangxian方响 and other instruments; sometimes "clear, transparent" music (清乐) was performed together on shene, transverse flute di笛, bamboo horn beat筚篥 (or 觱篥), fangxian, small drum xiaotigu小提鼓, castanets paiban拍板 and other instruments; sometimes one or two instruments were taken, such as, for example, jiqin And xiao(or guan), and under their double rhythm together with playing on an old lute ruanxian阮咸 performed the music of "small instruments" ( xiaoyueqi小乐器), etc. Sometimes castanets were also taken paiban, drums gu and flute di and to the accompaniment of these instruments, where the drums were the main ones, the storytellers on the streets of the cities spoke with stories, and the important place of the story was emphasized by the blows of the castanets; such groups of artists usually consisted of three to five people (see).
The palace orchestras were mainly played by court musicians, as well as military (marching) musicians. There were quite a lot of them, and, accordingly, there were many types of musical instruments. For example, during the Northern Song, court musicians used the following instruments: bamboo horn beat, flute lundi龙笛, mouth organ sheng, pipe xiao, ocarina xun(or xuan), transverse bamboo flute with 7-8 holes chi篪, stringed instrument pipa, zither kunhou, percussion instrument fangxiang, castanets paiban, leather drum with tightened body zhanggu, big drum on legs Dagu, bilateral drum zegu, a total of 13 species; among them, the orchestra included 50 musicians with pipa, 10 musicians with paiban, 200 musicians with zhanggu. Therefore, the entire orchestra as a whole consisted of a very significant number of musicians and instruments (see).
Summarizing the above, we can say that the development of music and musical instruments in China during the Song and Yuan times was very active and fruitful, and became a huge contribution to the musical culture of not only China, but also to the treasury of the world musical culture generally. Undoubtedly, this topic requires further detailed research.
Literature
1. Ageeva N.Yu. On the foreign origin of some Chinese stringed musical instruments // Proceedings of XXXVIII scientific. conf. Society and State in China. M., 2008.
2. Alender I.Z. Musical instruments of China. M., 1958.
3. Large Chinese-Russian Dictionary. Ed. THEM. Oshanina. M., 1983-1984. T. 1-4.
4. Musical encyclopedia (electronic version). Section "Chinese Music", authors Vinogradova T.I., Zhelokhovtsev A.N. M., 2006.
5. Zhongguo divan pu (Genealogies of Chinese emperors). Tianjin, 2003.
6. Zhongguo yingyue tongshi jianbian ( Short story Chinese music). Jinan, 1999.
7. Zhongguo Yingyue Qidian (Chinese Music Dictionary). Beijing, 1984.
8. Zhongguo yingue shi (History of Chinese music). Ed. Qin Xu. Beijing, 2001.
9. Yuan shi (History of the [dynasty] Yuan) (electronic version).
Art. publ.: Society and State in China: XXXIX Scientific Conference / Institute of Oriental Studies RAS. - M.: Vost. lit., 2009. - 502 pages - Scientific notes of the Chinese Department of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Issue. 1. S. 390-396.
According to history, in the distant past, there were at least a thousand musical instruments, only half of which have survived to this day.
Then the Chinese traditional instruments classified according to the material from which they were made. So, there were metal, bamboo, silk, stone, string, leather, clay, wood and gourd musical instruments.
Today, Chinese national musical instruments are still made in the traditional way, but they modern classification looks different.
woodwind instruments
Di is an ancient wind instrument. Represents transverse flute with 6 holes in the body. Traditionally made from bamboo or cane. Next to the hole for blowing air in the body of the di, there is another hole covered with a very thin reed film, due to which the timbre of the di is very juicy and resonant.
Sheng- lip organ. It is made from reed or bamboo thin tubes of various lengths, which are mounted in a bowl-shaped body with a mouthpiece. The sheng sound has a bright expressiveness and graceful variability. Not a single folklore concert is complete without this instrument.
Gong- a metal idiophone with an indefinite pitch. Produces a rich, lingering sound with a dark timbre. After the impact, the instrument vibrates for a long time, creating a voluminous, then growing, then receding sound. The gong is an obligatory instrument in the folk ensemble.
Chinese analogue of the Pan flute. It consists of 12 bamboo tubes interconnected in a decreasing row: from the longest to the shortest. This feature of the structure provides a wide range of sound. It has a soft and gentle tone.
Bowed strings
Erhu- two-string violin with a cylindrical resonator. During the game, the musician with his right hand pulls the string of the bow, which is fixed between metal strings and forms a single whole with the instrument. When playing with the left hand, a transverse vibrato is used.
Plucked malleus
Yangqin- a stringed instrument, similar in structure and method of extracting sound to cymbals. It is used as a solo, ensemble instrument, as well as an accompaniment in opera.
A stringed plucked instrument, a type of zither. Guqin is the most characteristic instrument of ancient Chinese music.
If you are interested not only in historical, but also in modern musical instruments, we invite you and your children to join us for classes. Here you can try your hand at mastering pop musical instruments, attend piano lessons for beginners, vocal art, get experience playing musical group as well as stage performances.
Chinese music is the art of ancient Chinese civilization, rooted in culture II-I thousand BC. The origins of Chinese traditional music are tribal songs and dances, ritual forms of ritual art. Chinese musical instruments, like the music itself, are fundamentally different from any other music in any country.
The music of China has several millennia of its development. She has been affected musical traditions Middle East, Central and South Asia, South-East Asia . It absorbed elements of the music of the peoples that were part of the Chinese state (Uigurs, Tibetans, Mongols, Jurchens, Manchus, etc.), and in turn had a significant influence on the music of Korea, Japan, some peoples of Southeast Asia and the basin Pacific Ocean. Since ancient times, Chinese music has developed under the influence of religious and philosophical and ideological doctrines.
The beginning of their own history of Chinese music is considered the appearance in the VI century. BC e. "Books of songs" - "Shits-zin", although the music notation has not been preserved in it. The compilation of the collection is attributed to Confucius.
Includes hymns and folk songs, mostly common in northern China. The collection also mentions more than 25 musical instruments.. Among them are plucked strings - qin, se; wind - yua, di, sheng, guan, percussion instrument zhong and others.
Wind instruments - xiao, flute and pipe-son
Bowed strings - erhu, jinhu and banhu
Plucked strings - guzheng, gujin, pipa
The gujin is the oldest Chinese stringed instrument, with a history of more than 3,000 years.
Percussion instruments - gongs and drums
During the X-VII centuries. BC e. songs with a broad life content began to gradually separate from dances, turning from the 6th century. BC e. in self art. With the development of Confucianism in China, which generally met the interests of the ruling aristocracy, starting from the 5th century. BC e. music takes on new public importance. It reflects the main categories of Confucian doctrine: ritual - li and humanity - jen.
According to Confucius, music is a microcosm as the embodiment of the great cosmos.. Confucius said that beautiful music promotes state structure because it has a perfect structure. Many elements of Chinese music were symbolic in nature, due to ancient natural philosophy. But the same time music system was strictly defined, and any violations in it could lead, according to the beliefs of the ancient Chinese, to various disasters.
- “Spring sun and white snow”,
- "Hundreds of birds worship the phoenix"
These melodies can still be heard in China and abroad. Some of them received awards for international competitions performers.
The Chinese love their national music for its originality and originality. Almost every region in China has an orchestra of national instruments, some of which are homemade. These orchestras are often invited on foreign tours. IN last years State Band national instruments are invited to perform in Vienna on the Spring Festival.
Contemporary Chinese Music
Modern Chinese music is developing in the same way as the music of other countries: chanson, pop, rock, rap etc. Asia has always attracted me, especially China. However, it is no secret that in our country, Chinese music is almost never heard. Virtually no one knows what contemporary music China, this is not a Peking opera, but a normal clockwork cool Beautiful music which is mesmerizing. Modern Chinese music You can listen in our VKontakte group -
