Male Mongolian names and meanings - choosing the best name for a boy. What do male and female Mongolian names mean Mongolian male surnames
MONGOLIAN TRADITIONS
About some Mongolian proper names
The names of the Mongols are interesting and original in their origin and meaning. Their features and origin were repeatedly mentioned in their works by many orientalists, A.M. Pozdneev, Yu.N. Roerich. The Mongolian names reflected the customs, worldview, traditions, way of life, various cultural and historical factors, religious ideas of the Mongolian people.
A personal name has a great and symbolic meaning for the Mongols, which is enhanced by the rare use of surnames and patronymics in everyday life (almost more often scientific degrees, military ranks, etc. are used together with a personal name). Mongolian names and names that came through the Mongols are used not only in Mongolia: until the middle of the 20th century, they absolutely prevailed over names of a different origin among the Kalmyks, Buryats and Tuvans, partly Altaians and other peoples of Southern Siberia in Russia, and still prevail in those inhabited by Mongols regions of China, both among the Mongols and among the Buryats, Oirats, and partly Evenks. A number of surnames around the world are derived from Mongolian given names.
Mongolian personal names, due to their specificity, are also rich material for the history of the Mongolian language. For they are able to “preserve” certain linguistic phenomena for a long time, which attracts great attention of researchers.
NAME GROUPS
The role that Christian culture played for the Russians (originated in the Middle East and came to Rus' through Rome and Byzantium), Buddhist culture played for the Mongolian peoples. Buddhism came to the Mongols from India indirectly through Khotan and Tibet. Personal names reflect as proper Mongolian ancient culture, and the cultural and religious influence of Buddhism, primarily its Tibetan tradition.
Origin the Mongols stand out names: actually Mongolian; Mongolian, which is a translation from Tibetan; combined Mongolian-Tibetan and Mongolian-Sanskrit; Tibetan; Indian. A small percentage historically are Chinese, Turkic and Russian names associated with mixed marriages, political courses, etc.
By composition. From the time of late medieval(approximately from the 17th century) names from two significant components, two-syllable (in the old written spelling), or a combination of two-syllable and one-syllable (example: Tsagaan "white" + Dorzh "vajra" = Tsagaandorzh or Dorzhkhuu "vajra + well done") . There are also three-component, and even four-component names [source?].
By social status. The name can say that its bearer is a hunter, a reindeer herder (names associated with wild animals), a simple pastoralist from the wilderness (short, although often Tibetan); a person from a family where the history of Mongolia (names of khans and statesmen) or the teachings of the Buddha (names of teachers of Buddhism, deities, sacred books) are most valued.
By function names can play the role of a talisman, for example, in a family where children often died or a newborn (up to 3 years old) was sick, he was given a name that did not attract evil spirits: Enabish (not this one), Terbish (not that one), etc. For identification in the absence of surnames, all children in the family were often given names that had the same first component: Tumenbaatar, Tumenolziy, Tumendelger.
PERSONAL NAME
Examining Mongolian anthroponyms, one can observe that words denoting a wide variety of objects and concepts can pass into their category. This means that the personal names of the Mongols arose on the basis of the rethinking of common names. The vast majority of Mongolian proper personal names absolutely coincide in structural and phonetic terms with those common words from which proper names were formed. Most often, emotionally saturated words, which are the names of attractive objects, words that serve to designate objects of material and spiritual world person.
The original personal names of the Mongols arose in ancient times. If female names symbolize beauty, majesty, kindness, meekness, then male names mainly express strength, courage, courage and bravery.
BUDDHIST NAMES
Among Buddhist names there are groups of synonymous names: from Skt. vajra originate Ochir (borrowed through the Sogdian and Uighur languages), Bazaar (through Tibetan), Dorzh (Tibetan translation of the word vajra, usually transmitted in Russian as Dorje, Dorje), from ratna (jewel) - Erdene, Radna, Rinchen (Tibetan translation) etc. Each of these options can exist independently, or be one of the components in multicomponent names: Ochirbat (-bat in Mongolian means "strong", it is also found separately: Bat, Batu / Baty), Bazarkhүү (-хүү "well done"), Khanddorzh (the first part in this case is also Tibetan), etc.
Some of the names come from the names and images of the Buddhist sacred canon: Jadamba (Eight thousandth, Sutra of Prajnaparamita in 8000 stanzas), Ganjuur, Danjuur, Altangerel (“golden light”, in honor of the Golden Light Sutra), possibly Badamtsetseg (lotus flower). Last example is indicative of the fact that this is a female name derived from the name of a flower, but the name lotus (Skt. Padma) (and its symbolic meaning) was brought by Buddhism.
The names of the statuses of clergymen can also become names: Bagsha, Khuvrag, Bandi, Khamba, Khutagt
Recently, according to statistics, the Mongols began to increasingly abandon foreign names, including Tibetan. Today, residents are given names with features of national tradition and history.
MONGOLIAN NAMES ASSOCIATED WITH PLANT NAMES
Let's take a closer look at the names associated with the names of plants. These are mostly female names. Wishes for girls - to become beautiful, attractive, tender - form an extensive group of names formed from the names of plants, for example: Sarnay - Rose, Khongorzul - Tulip, Zambaga - Magnolia, Saikhantsetseg - Beautiful flower, Bolortsetseg - Crystal flower, Munkhnavch - Eternal leaf and others
Female personal names may indicate an attitude to the plant: Urgamal (Plant), Navch, Navchaa, Navchin (Leaf), Delbee (Petal), Navchtsetseg (Leaf-flower), Alimtsetseg (Apple flower), etc.
There are personal names indicating the time of the baby's appearance: Davaatsetseg (Monday-flower), Byam-batsetseg (Saturday-flower). The personal names of Mongolians can also express the situation in which the child was born: Amartsetseg (Calm flower), Uugantsetseg ( first flower).
The names of children can be associated with the mood or wishes of the parents: Bayartsetseg (Flower-joy) Tumentsetseg (ten thousand flowers), Tsetsegzhargal. (Flower of happiness), Goyetsetseg (Beautiful flower). Such names as Munkhtsetseg - Eternal Flower, Enkhtsetseg - Peaceful Flower, express the wishes of long life and health. Wishes of happiness, success in life, well-being are reflected in the following names: Bayantsetseg - Rich flower. Buyannavch - List benefactor, Urantsetseg - Artful flower, Battsetseg - Strong flower.
The desire to see their girls graceful and attractive lies in the names Khongorzul Tulip, Oyuunnavch - Turquoise leaf, Ariun-tsetseg - Sacred flower.
There are personal names that have arisen in connection with the worship of the Sun, Moon, stars, Earth, etc. Narantsetseg - Sun Flower, Odontsetseg - Star Flower, Tuyaatsetseg - Radiant Flower, Gereltsetseg - Light Flower, Baigaltsetseg - Nature - Flower, Khurantsetseg - Rain - flower, etc.
From ancient times, the Mongols attached sacred symbols to various colors. Perhaps in connection with this, personal names denoting colors appeared: Tsagaantsetseg - White Flower, Yagaantsetseg - Pink Flower, Ulaantsetseg - Red Flower, etc. In color symbolism, the red color acts as a symbol of love, so the personal name Ulaantsetseg can mean "Favorite Flower". The white color, as you know, among the Mongols is considered to bring happiness and prosperity, which means that Tsagaantsetseg is the "Happy Flower".
And, finally, personal names may indicate the attitude to the material: Erdene-tsetseg - Precious flower, Suvdantsetseg - Pearl flower, Mungunnavch - Silver leaf, Shurentsetseg - Coral flower, etc.
As part of the personal names listed above, the most popular, frequently occurring word is "tsetseg" - a flower. As you can see, this word, which is included in personal names with a complex structure, mainly expresses a positive emotional coloring and an affectionate connotation.
It is appropriate to note here that plant names are extremely rare in male names. For example: Gond - Cumin, Arvay - Barley, Undes - Root.
Among the Mongolian personal names associated with the names of plants, there are names of foreign origin. For example, Sanskrit personal names include Udval (green-leaved catchment area), Badma (Lotus), Chinese - Lyanhua (Lotus), Tibetan - Ninzhbad gar (Swimsuit), Serzhmyadag (Poppy), Zhamyanmyadag (Sosuria), etc.
UNUSUAL NAMES
Unusual names are most often given by the Mongols to children who get sick at a young age - it is believed that this will help the child recover. The most common names are Byaslag - cheese, Tugal - calf, Ongots - plane. Names that are formed from the names of flowers are often abandoned - flowers are not eternal. For a person to live happily ever after, they give long name- for example - Luvsandenzenpiljinjigmed. The lama is often consulted for advice.
NAME
The name can be given by a Buddhist priest who checks the horoscope, parents, older relatives, based on the date of birth, good and bad omens, the agricultural season, tribal and family origin, the memory of ancestors, events in the country and abroad, etc.
Names for children are usually given in honor of older relatives, famous lamas, Buddhist deities and saints, sometimes a new name is invented in connection with a specific situation. After the collapse of the Soviet system, the names of the khans of the Mongol Empire gained popularity.
Of particular note is the custom of naming twins. The birth of twin children among the Mongols is interpreted as a positive phenomenon, which is reflected in their indispensable co-naming: if both girls are Badraltsetseg (“Inspiration is a flower), Orgiltsetseg (“Top is a flower”), if a boy and a girl are Unur (Rich) and Unurtsetseg (Rich flower), etc.
Readers, obviously, paid attention to the fact that in personal names there is no grammatical category of gender. In contrast to Russian, Mongolian female and male personal names differ only lexically.
PATRONYMID, SURNAME
Until the beginning of the 20th century, the name of a well-born Mongol consisted of three parts: a family name, a patronymic, a personal name. Under socialism, generic names were banned "to eradicate the feudal heritage", and only patronymics and personal names were used, and it was the latter that was the person's identifier. For example, the name of the cosmonaut Gurragchaa (Zhүgderdemidiin Gүrragchaa) (without fail, first the patronymic, which is a name in the genitive case, then the name) can be abbreviated as Zh. Gүrragchaa, but not Zhүgderdemidiin G.
Since 2000, surnames have come back into use in Mongolia; in part, they represent the former family names, but people do not always take as their surname the family name that their ancestors bore before the revolution; it may be forgotten, it may be absent due to simple origin. The most common among the Mongols is the belonging of the Mongols to the genus Borjigin (Mong. Borzhgon), which is a matter of pride, but as a surname does not give a separate family uniqueness. Many invent surnames according to the type of activity. So, the already mentioned cosmonaut Gurragcha took the surname Sansar (in translation - “space”)
THE MOST COMMON MONGOLIAN NAMES
The most common names are Solongo, Bat-Erdene. Such people often come up with middle names - to make it more convenient.
S. Nyamtsetseg, specialist of the Main Department of Civil Registration: “These are the most common names and the shortest in the country. About 10 names are widely used in Mongolia. For example, 13,395 citizens with the name Bat-Erdene are registered.”
There are also 11,029 Otgonbayars and 10,536 Batbayars registered. The rating of the most popular female names was headed by Altantsetseg and Oyuunchimeg.
Used materials Sh.NARANCHIMEG. Sh.NARANTUYAA.
"News of Mongolia" Ed. Agencies MONTSAME
In rural areas, children are given. I will continue the topic of personal Mongolian names and talk about the names of the inhabitants of the city of Erdenet, Orkhon aimag.
How to name your child? If a rainbow appeared in the sky on the daughter’s birthday, then the daughter will most likely be called Solongo("solongo" - rainbow). If the son was born on a sunny day, then he will probably be given a name Naran or Naranbaatar("naran" - the sun, "baatar" - the hero).
Born on the night from Sunday to Monday will be called Nyamdavaa or Davaanyam("yum" - Sunday, "davaa" - Monday). Lhagwa And Lhagwasuren were born on Wednesday ("lhagva" - Wednesday), Purevbaatar- a hero born on Thursday ("Purev" - Thursday), Byamba And Byambatsetseg- on Saturday ("byamba" - Saturday, "tsetseg" - flower).
Girls are often given names associated with flowers. For example, name Bolortsetseg means "Crystal Flower" ("bolor" - crystal), Tsagaantsetseg- "White flower", Ulaantsetseg- "Red flower", Battsetseg- Strong flower Urantsetseg- "Artful flower", Ariuntsetseg- Sacred Flower Erdenetsetseg- Precious Flower Suvdantsetseg- "Pearl Flower" Shurentsetseg- Coral Flower. The list of colors is endless. The name of the flowers can also be used as a name. For example, name Hongorzul translates as tulip.
The birth of a child is always a holiday. Therefore, the son can be called bayar("bayar" - a holiday) or Batbayar("bat" - strong, reliable), or Bayarkhuu("huu" - son). And the girl - Tsengelmaa("tsengel" - fun, entertainment, fun).
In order for the fate of the child to develop successfully, you can name him Azzhargal("az" - happiness, luck; "zhargal" - happiness, bliss, pleasure").
Nyamzhargal- Sunday happiness ("yum" - Sunday; "zhargal" - happiness). Nice name, right?
To make a boy grow strong, you can call him Ganzorig("gan" - steel; "zorig" - courage, courage, willpower). By the way, this is the name of the director of the mining and processing plant. Maybe the right choice of name allowed him to succeed and become a leader.
Name of Deputy Director - Ganbaatar- translates as a steel hero. Also a very respected person.
Here is a boy named Dolgoon, most likely, will grow up calm, quiet and gentle. After all, this is how the word is translated.
Delger- extensive, spacious, wide, plentiful. I know a man with that name, he is really tall, big and broad in the shoulders. This name can also be considered as a compound one: "del" - national dress, "ger" - yurt.
Amarbatwill grow up prosperous and reliable (“amar” - calm, prosperous; “bat” - solid, strong, durable, reliable).
In order for a girl to grow up honest and pure, she will be called Ariunaa or Ariun-Erdene("ariun" - pure, sacred, holy, honest; "erdene" - jewel, treasure). Or Tselmag, which translates as clear, pure.
If parents want to see their daughter smart, they will give her a name Oyun or Oyuuntsetseg("oyuun" - mind, reason, intellect).
The girl with the name Enkhtuvshin will be calm and peaceful ("enkh" - calmness, peace; "tuvshin" - peaceful, calm, quiet).
In personal names, the words "erdene" - a jewel, treasure, "zhargal" - happiness, "monkh" - eternal, immortal, forever, "suvd" - pearls are often found. Female name Suvdaa means pearl. Name Baigalmaa from the word "baigal" - nature.
Also often in personal names there is the word "zayaa" - fate, fate. Interesting name host, translated as a pair of fate ("khos" - a couple, a pair).
For many girls, the name ends with "tuyaa" - translated as "ray". Name Narantuya means a sunbeam ("nar" - the sun, "naran" - solar), Altantuya- a golden ray ("alt" - gold, "altan" - golden), Ariuntuyaa- sacred ray ("ariun" - holy, sacred).
Other interesting names: Altankhuyag- golden chain mail ("altan" - gold; "khuyag" - shell, armor, chain mail). Ganhuyag- steel chain mail. Mongonzagas- silver fish ("mongon" - silver, "zagas" - fish).
It turns out that in Mongolia almost all names are inimitable and unique. And every child grows up special, not like anyone else.
What are the names of the Buryats and Buryats today?
Quantitative characteristics: statistics, popularity ratings.
First, we will deal with the names of adult representatives of the Buryat nation, and then we will deal with the names of children of kindergarten age and newborns. Public data was used to estimate the frequency with which certain names are encountered in the preparation of this article. They are not very large, but big picture helped clarify.
Part I
IN general list As of March 2017, the faculty of ESSUTU (East Siberian State University of Technology and Management, Ulan-Ude) had 608 employees (see on the university website). Of these, at least 561 had Buryat roots (193 men and 368 women). - The following were used as differentiating features: personal name, patronymic, surname and photo image (taken together, these four features make it possible with a high probability to attribute one or another man and woman from the above list to the Buryat ethnic group).
What did further analysis show?
By men. Out of 193 Buryat men, 59 people have Buryat and Turkic personal names, and 134 people have Russian and European personal names. The most common Buryat names among the employees of the university were Bair and Dorji (4 people each); Bator and Bato (3 people each); the names Ayur, Zhargal, Solbon, Timur, Tsyren, Genghis (2 people each); the rest of the names are in the singular. And among Russian names, more often than others, there were- Alexander (11 people); Alexey (10 people); Vladimir and Sergey (9 people each); Valery and Yuri (7 people each); Vyacheslav (6 people); Boris, Gennady, Mikhail, Nikolai, Peter, Eduard (5 people each).
By women. Of the 368 university employees who are of Buryat nationality, only 85 bear Buryat and Turkic personal names. The remaining 283 women have Russian and European personal names. The most common Buryat names for women- professors and teachers are Tuyana (9 people); Darima (8 people); Erzhen (including variants), Oyun and Sesegma (7 people each), Ayun (6 people), Arun and Sayan (4 people each). As for Russian names, we met more often than others b - Elena (27 people); Irina (23 people); Tatyana (22 people); Svetlana (20 people); Natalia + Natalia (21 people); Olga (18 people); Lyudmila and Larisa (12 people each). A detailed list is given below.
men, prof.-teaching staff of ESSUTU:
| Buryat names | quantity | Russian names | quantity | |
| 1 | Aldar | 1 | Alexander | 11 |
| 2 | Arsalan | 1 | Alexei | 10 |
| 3 | ayur | 2 | Anatoly | 4 |
| 4 | badma | 1 | Andrey | 4 |
| 5 | bair | 4 | Arkady | 3 |
| 6 | Bato | 3 | Boris | 5 |
| 7 | Bator | 3 | Valery | 7 |
| 8 | Bayanzhargal | 1 | Benjamin | 1 |
| 9 | Bulat | 1 | Victor | 3 |
| 10 | Buryal | 1 | Vitaly | 1 |
| 11 | Garma | 1 | Vladimir | 9 |
| 12 | Racer | 1 | Vladislav | 2 |
| 13 | Daba | 1 | Vyacheslav | 6 |
| 14 | Dabanima | 1 | Gennady | 5 |
| 15 | Dagba | 1 | George | 2 |
| 16 | Dashadondok | 1 | Gregory | 1 |
| 17 | Dashi | 1 | Dmitriy | 4 |
| 18 | Dorzha | 1 | Eugene | 4 |
| 19 | Dorji | 4 | jean | 1 |
| 20 | Zhargal | 2 | Igor | 3 |
| 21 | Zorikto | 1 | Innocent | 2 |
| 22 | namsaray | 1 | Konstantin | 2 |
| 23 | Nasak | 1 | Leonid | 1 |
| 24 | Radna | 1 | Maksim | 1 |
| 25 | Sanji | 1 | Mark | 1 |
| 26 | Saiyan | 1 | Michael | 5 |
| 27 | Solbon | 2 | Nicholas | 5 |
| 28 | Senge | 1 | Oleg | 1 |
| 29 | Timur | 2 | Peter | 5 |
| 30 | Tumen | 1 | Rodion | 1 |
| 31 | Undrach | 1 | Novel | 2 |
| 32 | Tsybik | 1 | Ruslan | 1 |
| 33 | Tsyden | 1 | Sergey | 9 |
| 34 | Tsydenzhab | 1 | Edward | 5 |
| 35 | Tsyren | 2 | Yuri | 7 |
| 36 | Chimit | 1 | ||
| 37 | Genghis | 2 | ||
| 38 | Shagdar | 1 | ||
| 39 | Shin-Bysyril | 1 | ||
| 40 | Enhe | 1 | ||
| 41 | Erdem | 1 | ||
| 42 | Erdeni | 1 | ||
| 43 | Etigil | 1 | ||
| Total: | 59 | Total: | 134 |
women, prof.-teaching staff of ESSUTU:
| Buryat names | quantity | Russian names | quantity | |
| 1 | Alima | 1 | Alexandra | 1 |
| 2 | Altana | 1 | Alla | 1 |
| 3 | Arjuna | 4 | Albina | 1 |
| 4 | Aryuna | 1 | Anastasia | 1 |
| 5 | Ayuna | 6 | Angela | 1 |
| 6 | Bairma | 2 | Anna | 7 |
| 7 | Baljima | 2 | Valentine | 10 |
| 8 | Bayana | 1 | Valeria | 1 |
| 9 | Bayarma | 1 | Venus | 1 |
| 10 | Gunsim | 1 | Faith | 5 |
| 11 | Gerelma | 1 | Veronica | 1 |
| 12 | Gesegma | 1 | Victoria | 5 |
| 13 | Dara | 1 | Vladislav | 1 |
| 14 | Darima | 8 | Galina | 9 |
| 15 | Dolgogorzhap | 1 | Diana | 1 |
| 16 | Dyzhid | 1 | Evgenia | 4 |
| 17 | dema | 1 | Catherine | 10 |
| 18 | Zhargal | 1 | Elena | 27 |
| 19 | Zhargalma | 1 | Elizabeth | 3 |
| 20 | zorygma | 1 | Jeanne | 1 |
| 21 | Madegma | 1 | Ida | 1 |
| 22 | Namjilma | 1 | Inga | 2 |
| 23 | Oyuna | 7 | Inessa | 1 |
| 24 | Oyuuna | 2 | Inna | 3 |
| 25 | Rajana | 1 | Irina | 23 |
| 26 | Sayana | 4 | And I | 1 |
| 27 | Soelma | 2 | Clara | 1 |
| 28 | Syndyma | 1 | Larisa | 12 |
| 29 | Sirema | 1 | Lydia | 2 |
| 30 | Sysegma | 1 | Lily | 1 |
| 31 | Sesag | 2 | Laura | 1 |
| 32 | Sesegma | 7 | Love | 7 |
| 33 | Tuyana | 9 | Ludmila | 12 |
| 34 | Tsyrenhanda | 1 | Mayan | 1 |
| 35 | Tsytsygma | 1 | Marina | 7 |
| 36 | Erzhen | 4 | Maria | 4 |
| 37 | Erzheni | 2 | Hope | 10 |
| 38 | Erzhena | 1 | Natalia | 2 |
| 39 | Natalia | 19 | ||
| 40 | Nina | 2 | ||
| 41 | Oksana | 1 | ||
| 42 | October | 1 | ||
| 43 | Olga | 18 | ||
| 44 | Pauline | 1 | ||
| 45 | Renata | 1 | ||
| 46 | Svetlana | 20 | ||
| 47 | Sofia | 4 | ||
| 48 | Tamara | 3 | ||
| 49 | Tatiana | 22 | ||
| 50 | Feodosia | 1 | ||
| 51 | Elvira | 3 | ||
| 52 | Juliana | 1 | ||
| 53 | Julia | 4 | ||
| Total: | 85 | Total: | 283 |
Why male and female lists names (nomenniks) have such a limited volume, the explanation is simple: the age of the considered group of persons is 25-65 years old, they were born in 1950-1990, that is, in Soviet period when uniformity was firmly planted in all spheres of life, and it was not particularly accepted to stand out (including children's names). Everyone followed the unwritten standards and rules, including young parents. And especially city dwellers.
Names that adult Buryats wear today (aged 25-60).
Part II
And in the "outback" the picture is somewhat different: the same age group(25-60 years old) male and female personal names have a larger volume and national identity. Let's get the numbers. For the analysis, the lists (protocols) of Buryatsky national festival"Altargana-2016", which presents participants in sports events from all administrative entities in the area where the Buryat people live (several urban and more than 30 rural areas of the Republic of Buryatia, the Irkutsk region, the Trans-Baikal Territory, Mongolia and China).
The protocols for three types of competitions turned out to be available for study // see links to pdf documents: 1) shooting from the national bow, 2) Buryat chess (shatar) and 3) heer shaalgan (breaking the spinal bone, in this form almost all participants are men ) //. In total, these protocols contain information on 517 participants: 384 men and 133 women ( full names, last name, age).
An analysis of the available data shows:
By men. Out of 384 men, Buryat personal names were recorded in 268 people, and Russian and European - in 116 people. The most common Buryat names among the participants competitions were Bair (23), Zorigto + Zorikto (10), Bato, Bayaskhalan and Jargal (9 people each); Bator and Genghis (8 people each); Beligto and Dorzhi, along with options (6 people each); Tumen (5 people); Bulat, Garma, Rinchin, Erdem (4 people each). - Vladimir (13), Alexander and Valery (9 each); Sergei (7); Victor and Nikolay (6 each); the names Alexey, Dmitry, Yuri (5 each); Anatoly, Igor, Oleg (4 each). A detailed list is given below.
By women. Out of 133 women at Altargan-2016 (national archery and chess), 68 participants had Buryat personal names, and 65 had Russian and European ones. The most common Buryat names among the participants competitions were Arjuna (6); Oyuna (4); Tuyana, as well as Bairma and Dyntsyma, along with options (3 people each); the following names met twice each: Balzhima, Gerelma, Darima, Dulma, Soelma, Seseg, Sesegma, Tungulag, Erzhena, Yanzhima. The most common Russian names- Galina (7), Elena (6); Olga (5); the names Victoria, Love, Marina (4 each); Anna and Nadezhda (3 each). A detailed list is given below.
men, participants of the festival "Altargana-2016"
(archery, heer shaalgan and chess):
| Buryat names | quantity | Russian names | quantity | |
| 1 | Agu | 1 | Alexander | 9 |
| 2 | Aldar | 3 | Alexei | 5 |
| 3 | Amarsaikhan | 1 | Anatoly | 4 |
| 4 | Amgalan | 3 | Andrey | 3 |
| 5 | Ardan | 2 | Anton | 2 |
| 6 | Arsalan | 2 | Arkady | 1 |
| 7 | ayur | 2 | Arsenty | 1 |
| 8 | Ayusha (1), Ayusha (1) | 2 | African | 1 |
| 9 | Babudorzhi | 1 | Boris | 3 |
| 10 | badma | 2 | Vadim | 1 |
| 11 | Badma-Dorzho | 1 | Valery | 9 |
| 12 | Badmazhap | 1 | Basil | 1 |
| 13 | Badma-Tsyren | 1 | Victor | 6 |
| 14 | Bazaar | 1 | Vitaly | 2 |
| 15 | Bazarguro | 1 | Vladimir | 13 |
| 16 | bair | 23 | Vladislav | 1 |
| 17 | Bair Belikto | 1 | Vyacheslav | 1 |
| 18 | bairzhap | 1 | Gennady | 2 |
| 19 | Bairt | 1 | George | 1 |
| 20 | Baldan | 1 | Gregory | 1 |
| 21 | Baldanzhap | 1 | Danil | 1 |
| 22 | Balzhinima | 1 | Denis | 1 |
| 23 | Balchin | 1 | Dmitriy | 5 |
| 24 | Bato | 9 | Ivan | 1 |
| 25 | Batobolot | 1 | Igor | 4 |
| 26 | Batodorji | 1 | Ilya | 1 |
| 27 | Bato-Zhargal | 1 | Kim | 1 |
| 28 | Batomunko (1), Batomunko (1) | 2 | Clement | 1 |
| 29 | Bator | 8 | Maksim | 1 |
| 30 | Bato Tsyren | 1 | Michael | 3 |
| 31 | Accordion | 1 | Nicholas | 6 |
| 32 | Bayar Erden | 1 | Oleg | 4 |
| 33 | Bayarzhap | 1 | Peter | 2 |
| 34 | Bayaskhalan | 9 | Ruslan | 1 |
| 35 | Bimba | 1 | Sergey | 7 |
| 36 | Bolod (1), Bolot (2) | 3 | Stanislav | 2 |
| 37 | Buda | 2 | Taras | 1 |
| 38 | Bulad | 1 | Timothy | 1 |
| 39 | Bulat | 4 | Edward | 1 |
| 40 | Buyanto | 2 | Yuri | 5 |
| 41 | Belikto (1), Beligto (3), Bilikto (1), Biligto (1) | 6 | ||
| 42 | Wanchik | 1 | ||
| 43 | Wilicton | 1 | ||
| 44 | Garma | 4 | ||
| 45 | Garmazhap | 1 | ||
| 46 | Gombo (1), Gombe (1) | 2 | ||
| 47 | Gongor | 1 | ||
| 48 | Racer | 1 | ||
| 49 | Geser | 2 | ||
| 50 | Daba | 1 | ||
| 51 | Dabaa Hood | 1 | ||
| 52 | Dalai | 2 | ||
| 53 | Dam | 3 | ||
| 54 | Damdin | 1 | ||
| 55 | Damdin-Tsyren | 1 | ||
| 56 | Dandar | 2 | ||
| 57 | Danzan | 2 | ||
| 58 | dharma | 2 | ||
| 59 | Dashgyn | 1 | ||
| 60 | Dashi | 1 | ||
| 61 | Dashidorjo | 1 | ||
| 62 | Dashi Nima | 1 | ||
| 63 | Dashirabdan | 1 | ||
| 64 | Dimchik | 1 | ||
| 65 | Dondok | 2 | ||
| 66 | Dorji (5), Dorzho (1) | 6 | ||
| 67 | Dugar | 2 | ||
| 68 | Dugarzhap | 1 | ||
| 69 | Dugartsyren | 1 | ||
| 70 | Dylgyr (1), Delger (1) | 2 | ||
| 71 | Dymbryl | 1 | ||
| 72 | Dymbryl-Dor | 1 | ||
| 73 | Zhalsyp | 1 | ||
| 74 | Zhamsaran | 1 | ||
| 75 | Zhargal | 9 | ||
| 76 | Zhembe (1), Zhimba (1) | 2 | ||
| 77 | Zayata | 1 | ||
| 78 | Zorigto (8), Zorikto (2) | 10 | ||
| 79 | Zorigtobaatar | 1 | ||
| 80 | Lopson | 1 | ||
| 81 | Lubsan | 1 | ||
| 82 | Lubsan Nima | 1 | ||
| 83 | Manhbat | 1 | ||
| 84 | Minzhur | 1 | ||
| 85 | Munko | 3 | ||
| 86 | Munkozhargal (1), Munko-Zhargal (1) | 2 | ||
| 87 | Mergen | 2 | ||
| 88 | Nasag | 1 | ||
| 89 | Nasan | 1 | ||
| 90 | Nima | 2 | ||
| 91 | Nima Sambu | 1 | ||
| 92 | Ochir | 2 | ||
| 93 | Ochir-Erdene | 1 | ||
| 94 | Purbo | 1 | ||
| 95 | Rinchin | 4 | ||
| 96 | Rygzyn | 1 | ||
| 97 | samba | 1 | ||
| 98 | Samdan | 1 | ||
| 99 | sandan | 1 | ||
| 100 | Sange | 1 | ||
| 101 | Saiyan | 3 | ||
| 102 | Sogto-Yeravna | 1 | ||
| 103 | Sodnom | 1 | ||
| 104 | Solbon | 1 | ||
| 105 | Sangdorji | 1 | ||
| 106 | Timur | 2 | ||
| 107 | Tudup | 1 | ||
| 108 | Tumen | 5 | ||
| 109 | Tumer | 1 | ||
| 110 | hashto | 2 | ||
| 111 | Tsokto-Gerel | 1 | ||
| 112 | Tsybikzhap | 2 | ||
| 113 | Tsydenbal | 1 | ||
| 114 | Tsyden-Dorji | 1 | ||
| 115 | Tsydyp | 1 | ||
| 116 | Tsympil | 1 | ||
| 117 | Tsyren | 3 | ||
| 118 | Tsyrendorzho (1), Tsyren-Dorzhi (1) | 2 | ||
| 119 | Tsyrenzhap | 1 | ||
| 120 | Chimdyk | 1 | ||
| 121 | Chimid | 1 | ||
| 122 | Chimit-Dorzho | 1 | ||
| 123 | Genghis | 8 | ||
| 124 | Shagdar | 1 | ||
| 125 | Elback | 1 | ||
| 126 | Enhe | 3 | ||
| 127 | Erdem | 4 | ||
| 128 | Erdeni | 3 | ||
| 129 | Yumdylyk | 1 | ||
| Total: | 268 | Total: | 116 |
women, participants of the festival "Altargana-2016"
(archery and chess):
| Buryat names | quantity | Russian names | quantity | |
| 1 | yeah | 1 | Alexandra | 1 |
| 2 | Aglag | 1 | Angelica | 1 |
| 3 | Ajigma | 1 | Anna | 3 |
| 4 | Arjuna | 6 | Valentine | 2 |
| 5 | Ayuna | 1 | Valeria | 2 |
| 6 | Ayagma | 1 | Faith | 1 |
| 7 | Balzhima (1), Balzhima (1) | 2 | Victoria | 4 |
| 8 | Bayarma (1), Bayarma (2) | 3 | Galina | 7 |
| 9 | butid | 1 | Daria | 2 |
| 10 | Butidma | 1 | Catherine | 2 |
| 11 | Gerel | 1 | Elena | 6 |
| 12 | Gerelma | 2 | Jeanne | 1 |
| 13 | Dari | 1 | Inna | 1 |
| 14 | Darizhab | 1 | Irina | 2 |
| 15 | Darima | 2 | Lydia | 1 |
| 16 | Dolgor | 1 | Laura | 1 |
| 17 | Dolgorzhab | 1 | Love | 4 |
| 18 | Dulma | 2 | Ludmila | 2 |
| 19 | Densima (1), Densema (1), Dyntsyma (1) | 3 | Marina | 4 |
| 20 | Zhargalma | 1 | Maria | 2 |
| 21 | zorygma | 1 | Hope | 3 |
| 22 | Irinchina | 1 | Natalia | 1 |
| 23 | Lygzhima | 1 | Nellie | 1 |
| 24 | Madegma | 1 | Olga | 5 |
| 25 | Namjilma | 1 | Svetlana | 2 |
| 26 | Othon-Tugs | 1 | Tatiana | 2 |
| 27 | Oyuna | 4 | Eleanor | 1 |
| 28 | Oyuun-Gerel | 1 | Julia | 1 |
| 29 | Rinchin Khanda | 2 | ||
| 30 | Sayana | 1 | ||
| 31 | Soelma | 2 | ||
| 32 | Salmag | 1 | ||
| 33 | Sesag | 2 | ||
| 34 | Sesegma | 2 | ||
| 35 | Tungulag (1), Tungalag (1) | 2 | ||
| 36 | Tuyana | 3 | ||
| 37 | Urzhima | 1 | ||
| 38 | Khazhidma | 1 | ||
| 39 | Handa-Tsyren | 1 | ||
| 40 | Cyregma | 1 | ||
| 41 | Tsyremzhit | 1 | ||
| 42 | Tsyren | 1 | ||
| 43 | Erzhen | 2 | ||
| 44 | Yanzhima | 2 | ||
| Total: | 69 | Total: | 65 |
The lists of names of participants in sporting events within the framework of the Altargana-2016 festival differ in size from similar lists for ESSUTU(in the men's list of "Altargany" there are noticeably more Buryat names, and in the women's list there are noticeably fewer Russian ones):
- a total of 169 male names (of which 129 are Buryat names, from Agu to Yumdylyk; Russian names - 40, from Alexander to Yuri);
- a total of 72 female names (of which 44 are Buryat names, from Aga to Yanzhim; Russian names - 28, from Alexander to Julius).
Mongols are the main population of the Mongolian People's Republic; their number is more than 1.6 million people, which is 90% of the total population of the country. Outside the MPR, the Mongols live in the PRC (more than 2 million people) - in autonomous regions Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang Uyghur; there are small groups in the provinces of Gansu, Qinghai, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Yunnan. The Mongolian language belongs to the Mongolian group of the Altaic language family.The anthroponymic model of the Mongols has always been simple and has not undergone significant changes over the past seven centuries, which can be judged from written monuments, the earliest of which date back to the 13th century, and the latest - to the end of the 19th century. It consisted of one personal name given at birth, and if there were no special reasons for changing it, then the person wore it until his death.
However, already in the 13th century, judging by the text of the Secret History of the Mongols, in many cases the names were accompanied by nicknames and titles: Duva-sohor"Duva-blind", Dobun-mergen"Dobun is a marksman", Wang Khan"ruler Wang" Ambagai Khan"great ruler Ambagai", etc. As a rule, nicknames were characteristic of the common people, titles - for the hereditary nobility, but this division was not strictly observed. Often titles became names, as evidenced by the facts of the history of Mongolia.
An example of this is Genghis Khan- title adopted by the founder Mongolian state after his election as the great khan of the Mongol tribes and replacing his personal name Temujin.
The modern anthroponymic model of the Mongols includes not only a personal name ( ner), but also patronymic ( ovog). The latter is the genitive form of the father's name and precedes the personal name, for example: Sodnomyn Sambu"Sambu son of Sodnom" Ayushin Namdag"Namdag son of Ayushi", etc. In everyday everyday communication, patronymic does not appear, it is indicated only in documents.
Three stages can be distinguished in the formation of the Mongolian personal name: ancient Mongolian, lamaistic and modern. Undoubtedly ancient names include such names as Baatar"bogatyr" Mergen"accurate", Tumur"iron", munkh"eternal", Oyun"wise", Ulziy"prosperous" Naran"Sun". They can be found in early Mongolian writings, legends, tales of different centuries. At present, they are no less popular than in the 13th century, and are used not only on their own, but also as part of numerous names derived from them, for example: Baatarzhargal"heroic happiness" Baatarchuluun"heroic stone" Tumurzorig"Iron Determination" Tumurkhuyag"iron armor" Munkhdalai"eternal sea" Oyuungerel"light of wisdom", etc. As you can see, such anthroponyms are formed from Mongolian appellatives.
The Lamaist layer in the name-list was formed in two periods: after the first (XIII century) and the second (XVI-XVII centuries) waves of the spread of Lamaism among the Mongols. Sanskrit and Tibetan names for the most part, they were the names of the gods of the Buddhist pantheon, mythical and real preachers of Buddhism, or they were names individual works Buddhist canonical literature, terms Buddhist philosophy, names of various ritual objects, planets, etc.
All this religious terminology, having undergone certain changes in accordance with the norms of the Mongolian language, filled the Mongolian name book for almost three hundred years. Yes, the names Choyzhil, Choyzhilzhav, Choyzhinhorloo, Damdin, Damdingochoo, Damdinnorov, Zhambaa, Zhambaarinchen, Zhambanyandag, Lkham, Lhamaa, Lkhamsuren, Lhamochir, Dalkhaa, Dalkhzhav, Dalkhsuren, Dulmaa, Dulamdorj, Dulamzhav, Moidar, Moidarzhav ascend to the names of Buddhist deities, and the names Zhanchiv, Zhanchivdorj, Zhanchivsenge, Samdan, Samdanvanchig, Samdangeleg, Samdanjamts, Endon, Endonnorov, Endonbazar, Endonbal, Tsultem- to Tibetan philosophical Buddhist terms: jean-chuv"holiness", samdan"contemplation", ion-dan"knowledge", tsul-tim"moral"; based on names Badamhatan, Jadamba are the names of Buddhist sutras.
Among the Mongolian anthroponyms, semantically ascending to the names of objects of religious worship, the following can be noted: Erdene(Skt. ratna) "jewel", Ochir(Skt. vajra) "thunder ax", badma(Skt. padma) "lotus", Garma(Skt. karma) "fate", gombo(Skt. mgon-po) "protector", "protector", Dam(Tib. dampa) "saint", Ishi(Tib. ye-shes) "wise", Agvan(Tib. ngag-dban) "eloquent", Sodnam(Tib. bsod-nams) "happiness", Senge(Tib. seng-ge) "a lion", Tseren(Tib. ts "e-ring) "long life", etc.
In addition, Tibetan name-forming elements are often found in Mongolian names, which have a certain meaning: -zhav(Tib. skyabs"protection", "help") - Maksarzhav, Gombozhav, Tsevegzhav, Badamzhav; -suren(Tib. srung"caution", "vigilance") - Yadamsuren, Khandsuren, Lhamsuren, Zhigjidsuren; -san(Tib. bsang"kind", "beautiful") - Choibalsan, Batnasan, Urtnasan; luvsan-(Tib. blo-bzang"good feeling" Luvsanvandan, Luvsanbaldan, Luvsandanzan; -ball(Tib. dpal"glory", "greatness") - Tsedenbal; lodoy-(Tib. blo-gros"reason", "intellect") - Lodoydamba; -punzag(Tib. p "un-ts-ogs"perfection" Punzagnorov etc.
Mongols do not have a clear boundary between male and female names, although there is still some regularity in semantic terms. Let's say names that include words tsetseg"flower", thuyaa"dawn", one"star" ( Badamtsetseg, Altantsetseg, Zhargaltsetseg, Narantsetseg, Erdenetsetseg, Enkhtuyaa etc.), are used preferably as women's. At the same time, the presence in the composition of the name of such words as baatar"bogatyr" baht"strong", bold"steel", dorzh or ochir 1 , zorigt"brave", etc., suggests that these names are predominantly masculine ( Khatanbaatar, Munkhbaatar, Batochir, Batmunkh, Batjargal, Oyuunbaatar, Davaadorj, Ganbaatar, Batzorigt, Chinbat, Dorzh, Natsagdorj and etc.). However, many names derived from appellatives can be used equally as both masculine and feminine, for example: Tsogtgerel"flame light" Sergelen"funny", Zhargal"happiness", Tseren"long-lived", etc.
Names are still very popular - the names of the days of the week and their corresponding planets. They exist in two versions - Tibetan and Sanskrit. The Tibetan row goes like this: yum"Sunday", "Sun", Davaa"Monday", "Moon", Myagmar"Tuesday", "Mars", Lhagwa"Wednesday", "Mercury", Purev Thursday, Jupiter Basaan"Friday", "Venus", Byamba Saturday, Saturn. The Sanskrit series is Mongolized: Yadyaa, Sumyaa, Angarak, Bud, Barkhasvad, Sugar, Sanchir. However, if the Tibetan words now represent the official designations of the days of the week in the country, then the Sanskrit ones are used mainly as the names of the planets. All the names of the Tibetan series can act both as male and female names. From the Sanskrit series as female name used only Sugar"Venus".
The third, modern layer in the name-list was formed after the victory of the People's Revolution and the proclamation of the Mongolian People's Republic (1924). This stage is characterized by the appearance of not only new formations based on traditional Mongolian vocabulary, but also various lexical Russian and international borrowings. In the Mongolian personal names of our days, Russian names are presented as personal names in full and diminutive versions ( Alexander, Alexei, Nina, Victor, Tanya, Boris, Borya, Luba etc.), Russian surnames ( Ivanov, Kozlov, Pushkin), mountain names ( Elbrus), common nouns ( Assets, Kamel- from a brand of American cigarettes "Camel"- "camel", King from Russian king 2).
The use of Russian surnames as Mongolian names in each case has an explanation: this is either a close friend of one of the family members, or a friend from study, work, a war hero, a doctor who worked in the area, a famous Russian poet, etc. However, there are few such names.
In recent years, there has been a tendency towards the revival of Mongolian proper and even ancient Mongolian names like Tergun, Mergen, Baatar and others. For this purpose, special councils at maternity hospitals conduct explanatory work. The results are already showing. The percentage of Tibetan, Sanskrit names, the meaning of which is often unknown to current young parents, has decreased. There is a growth and diversity of names formed from Mongolian appellatives.
Until now, there is, although rare, the once widespread custom of replacing the original name with a different, new name. The first name is forgotten. Usually this was associated with some extraordinary circumstances, for example, with recovery from a serious illness, which was interpreted as a "rebirth" of the individual; besides, the new name was supposed to mislead those " evil forces", which caused serious illness. In the older generation, one can still meet humiliating human dignity names that served as a kind of amulets for children from evil spirits: Enabish"not the one" Hongbish"not a human", Nergui"nameless", Khulgana"mouse", Nohoy"dog", etc.
The system of addressing the Mongols to each other is interesting. When addressing older men or women, a particle of respect is added to the name. -guay: sambu guay, Damdinsuren-guai, yum guay. If a person's name is not known, they are addressed as follows: owgon-guay"venerable", "respected" (conventional), if it is a man, and eme"grandmother" if it is an elderly woman, egch"big sister" if it's a middle-aged woman. Addressing children, call mini dick"my boy", mini duo"my child."
Curious phenomena are observed at the junction of the Mongolian and Russian anthroponymic models. A Russian girl, marrying a Mongol and wanting to change her surname, finds herself in difficulty, because the Mongols do not have a surname. There is no unified way to solve such problems, therefore, in some cases, the husband's name becomes the new surname of a Russian woman, in others - his patronymic. Children from mixed marriages usually receive names that correspond to the Russian anthroponymic model; their patronymic name becomes the father's name, decorated according to the "Russian model", and the father's patronymic, i.e. grandfather's name, however, not in the genitive, but in nominative case, turns into a surname: Galina Batochirovna Munkhbold (Galina- personal name Batochir- father's name, munkhbold- grandfather's name).
1 Vajra, in its Tibetan and Mongolian sound dorzh, ochir, - the name of one of the ritual objects of the Buddhist cult
2 It is curious to note that the original for English camel Arabic gamel gave Muslim names Gamal, Kemal, and Russian king, in turn, comes from the proper name Charles. Thus, these anthroponyms arose not by direct borrowing from the corresponding language, but by a "roundabout" and very complex way.
Mongolian anthroponymy of the late 19th - early 20th centuries
This is a fragment of the book "Cultural Constants of Russia and Mongolia: Essays on History and Theory"
(under the editorship of Shishin M.Yu., Makarova E.V., Barnaul, 2010, 313 pages)
< ... >Onomastics in general and anthroponymic vocabulary in particular, on the one hand, fix the existence of certain traditions, on the other hand, they are sensitive to the changes that occur in culture. The study of Mongolian anthroponymy gives us valuable information about the history, everyday life of the people, their psychology, religion, external contacts, about the ways of self-identification of a person in a given culture, about a person's perception of the world around, etc.
The material of the study was the personal names of the population of Tsetseg nuuryn khoshun of the current Tsetseg somon of Khovd aimag (in 1925, Khantayshir uulyn aimak), obtained as a result of the population census in 1925 [Baatar, 2004, p. 67-83]. We have studied 2659 personal names, among which 1391 are male, 1268 are female.
In order to avoid terminological confusion, it is necessary to give some comments on the territorial-administrative division of modern Mongolia and the same country in the period turn of XIX- XX centuries: khoshuun - a territorial-administrative unit in pre-revolutionary Mongolia; at the moment, instead of khoshuun, a territorial-administrative division into soums has been adopted, correlated in size with districts in the subjects Russian Federation; aimag - a modern unit of territorial-administrative division of Mongolia, correlated with the edge, region of the Russian Federation.
Somon Tsetseg-nuuryn khoshuun is located in the west of Mongolia, its population includes only Khalkhas, i.e., the nationality that makes up the bulk of the population of Mongolia. Somon Tsetseg directly borders in the west and north with the Altai, Most, Mankhan and Zereg somons, whose population is made up of Zakhchins speaking the Oirat dialect. The original Mongolian anthroponyms (we will also use the term "name words") among the Zakhchins are somewhat different from the personal names of the Khalkhas. According to our data obtained from anthroponymic materials as a result of the population census of 1925, among the personal names of the studied area there are almost no anthroponyms characteristic of the Zakhchi people. This indicates a fairly clear, territorially and lexically fixed self-identification of representatives of various ethnic groups in Mongolia at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries.
According to our calculations, among the anthroponymic vocabulary of the Khoshuun Tsetseg population, a large layer is occupied by Tibetan-Sanskrit borrowings, which make up 71.5% of the total number of personal names. This is due to the penetration of the Tibetan form of Buddhism into Mongolia since the 13th century [Nyambuu, 1991, p. 52; Luvsanzhav, 1970]. In 1925, the population of Mongolia was still deeply religious and lamas were given the right to give a name to a newborn. The process of naming is still perceived as a deeply sacred act that affects the entire subsequent life of a person. Tibetan-Sanskrit borrowings are unevenly distributed between male and female personal names. They make up 78% for men, 64.7% for women to the total number of corresponding personal names. In our opinion, this is explained by the tradition that has existed since the expansion of Lamaism to Mongolia, to give the first son in the family to lamas, thereby ensuring the well-being of the family.
The gender specification of the area of the sacred also affected the process of nomination outside of religion. Original Mongolian names make up 23.9% of the total number of personal names: 17.1% of them for men, 31.4% for women, which indicates a tendency to give newborn girls Mongolian names more often. Secular people were also allowed to name newborns. Among them, midwives and "their avga" (great uncle), that is, the eldest paternal uncle, had the right to take precedence. After the midwife and "their August", the right to give a name to newborns was "their nagaz", i.e. maternal great uncle or other relatives, including parents. Sometimes the name was given by random people.
Thus, we can say that there was still no strict rule in the process of naming, which indicates the relative existence of sacred processes. This is also evidenced by mixed names of the type: Tibetan-Sanskrit + primordially Mongolian or primordially Mongolian + Tibetan-Sanskrit. For example, Sainnorzhin (lit. good Norzhin), Galsankhuu (lit. Galsan + son). In terms of composition, there are also three-component mixed names of the type: Tibetan-Sanskrit + primordially Mongolian + primordially Mongolian: Zagdtsagaanchuluu (Zagd + white + stone). Mixed names make up 4.6% of all personal names. Among the anthroponyms there are single words of Russian, Chinese and Kazakh origin, indicating the main contacts of the ethnic group. For example, Russians: Peodor, Puydor (Fyodor or Peter), Andrey, Saandar (Alexander). Chinese: Vandan, Emboo, Kazakh: Moldoo (Molda). In composition, these are one-, two-, three-, even four-component names, where each of the components can serve as an independent anthroponym. For example, the three-component (Zagdtsagaanchuluun) (Zagd + tsagaan + chuluun), the four-component Dorzhzhantsangaramzhav (Dorzh + zhantsan + garam + zhav), where the latter is the personal name of the last noyon (ruler) Tsetseg nuuryn khoshuun. It is noteworthy that all parts of this name, including the name noyon, are of Tibetan-Sanskrit origin, which, in our opinion, is explained by the extraordinary activity of Buddhist expansion over several centuries.
The following naming suffixes are distinguished according to derivational features: -maa (Siilegmaa, Dungaamaa, Mangalmaa), -ai (Manlai, Khaltay, Magnai, Haltmai), -ee (Chimgee, Tumee, Ishnee, Buzhee, Sukhee), -dai (Tsagaa-dai ), -aa (Khandaa, Marhaa, Byambaa, Bataa), -at (Zayaat), -tai (Gal tai), -an (Nasan, Tumen, Myangan), -h (Nuudelch), -t (Baast).
Some of these suffixes are of Tibetan origin. For example, the suffix -maa, found almost exclusively in female personal names, means "mother" in Tibetan. The transition of independent lexemes into suffixes is also observed among other words (originally Mongolian and Tibetan-Sanskrit). These include the Mongolian "huu" (son) and the Tibetan "zhav" (salvation), "drank" (get rich, multiply), etc.: Tserenkhuu, Tserenpil, Sersenzhav.
The specificity of the genus among the Mongols is paradoxically reflected in anthroponyms. Although the Mongolian word "huu" (son) refers to male people, it is often used in equally participates in the formation of female personal names. This word is widely used as a lexical unit in the Mongolian language, but does not occur independently in its main language. lexical meaning as a personal name, but is used here only as a suffix.
Among the anthroponyms there are also those that reflect the peculiarities of the worldview of the Mongols and once again emphasize the sacredness of the nomination, the ability to influence the cosmic forces responsible for the fate of the family as a whole. So, in the event of the death of previous children, in order to protect the newborn from "evil spirits," they gave him a name with derogatory semantics [Nyambuu, 1991, p. 51; Aldarova, 1979, p. 6]. Among the personal names of the khoshun Tsetseg there are such as Nokhoi (dog), Muukhuu (bad son). Haltar (dirty, dirty), Baast (with feces), Golgi (puppy). The name Otgon occurs several times, which means "the most (th), the youngest (th)." Such a name was given (and is still found) when it becomes necessary to interrupt the birth of children in the family, when the woman is already fed up with motherhood. There is also the name Sol (change, change). This name was probably given in cases where parents wanted to have a child of a different sex, when only girls or boys were born in the family.
The Mongols know cases of a person receiving a second name (nickname). Evidence of this is the name of the maternal grandfather of the author of this text. Grandfather in khoshuun Tsetseg was called Duuch (singer). He was from the neighboring Khoshuun Darvi. When he came to khoshuun Tsetseg with his sister, he sang songs. From then on, they began to call him Duuch, although his real name is Samdan. One of the features of the personal names of the Khalkhas compared to other Mongolian ethnic groups is that everyone in them has a middle name-magnification, similar to how Russians are called by name and fatherland. These euphemistic names are associated with the taboo of the names of older relatives and acquaintances. There are two euphemical names in our list: Oozhoo (53 years old), Manzhaa (54 years old). Calling older people by name-magnification, younger people often do not know their real name. It is possible that those who kept the census records did not know the official names of these two individuals.
Most of the original Mongolian names we have studied semantically have the meaning of benevolence: Bayar (joy), Burenzhargal (full happiness), Amar (calm), Olonbayar (many joys), Chimgee (decoration), etc.
The rest of the original Mongolian names of the Khalkhas can be semantically grouped as follows:
Plant names: Navch (leaves), Moog (mushroom);
Description of a person's appearance: Monkhor (hunchbacked nose), Tsookhorbandi (freckled), Khunkhur (hollow eyes), Shoovoy (squeezed head), Toodon (short man), Magnai (forehead), Khalzan (bald), Nudenhoo (big-eyed);
Animal names: Bulgan (sable), Shonkhor (falcon, gyrfalcon), Sogoo (deer), Golgi (puppy),
Nokhoi (dog), Gavar (fox cub), Tuulaihoo (hare), Khulgana (mouse), Mondul (tarbagan cub),
Buur (camel-producer);
Names of geographical objects and weapons: Tomor (iron), Chuluun (stone), Hadaakhuu (rock), Altankhuu (gold), Zevseg (tool), Dar (gunpowder), Sokh, Sohee (axe), Zevgee (bow tip);
Names of natural phenomena: Dalai (ocean);
Color name: Tsagaadai, Tsagaan, Tsegeen (white), Boroo, Borhoo, Herenkhuu (brown), Nomin hoh (lapis lazuli), Sharbandi (yellow).
The semantic groups of native Mongolian names among the Khalkhas convey the specifics of the formation of some cultural constants of this ethnic group. The very creation of a list of semantic groups of anthroponyms makes it possible to apply an interpretive approach to the discovery of these constants actualized in the language.
It is noteworthy that personal names of Tibetan-Sanskrit origin are the same among native speakers of the Mongolian language [Nyambuu, 1991; Aldarova, 1979]. These are borrowings that came to Mongolia in connection with the adoption of Buddhism, semantically associated with the names of gods and goddesses (Zhamsran, Damdin, Namsrai, Dolgor), religious and philosophical ideas and terminology of Buddhism (Gaanzhuur, Genden), names of the days of the week (Nyam, Byamba, Purev), wishes for good, happiness, longevity (Dash, Sharav), etc.
Literature:
Baatar Ch. Tobhiin Khuraangui. Ulaanbaatar, 2004.
Nyambuu X. Hamgiin erkhem yoson. Ulaanbaatar, 1991.
Luvsanjaw Choi. Oros-Mongol ovormots khellegiin tol (Russian-Mongolian phraseological dictionary). Ulaanbaatar, 1970.
Aldarova N.B. Buryat anthroponymic vocabulary. Primordial personal names: abstract of the dissertation for the degree of candidate of philological sciences. M., 1979.
