An essay on the theme of the spiritual world of peasant children in the story Bezhin Meadow, Turgenev to read for free. Main characters, "Bezhin Meadow": peasant children

»we see a gallery of portraits of peasant children who guarded a herd of horses in a meadow on a hot summer night. There are five boys: Pavlusha, Fedya, Ilyusha, Kostya and Vanya.

Most of all, the attention of the narrator was attracted by the boy Pavlusha. He was ugly: tousled hair, gray eyes, wide cheekbones, a pale, pockmarked face, a huge head, "as they say, with a beer cauldron", a squat and awkward body. The clothes were quite modest, "all of it consisted of a simple shammed shirt and patched ports." He attracted Pavlush's attention with a smart look and a voice in which strength sounded. Pavel was a brave and confident, resolute boy. When, after Ilyoshi's story about Yermil, the dogs began to bark loudly and rushed away from the fire, all the boys were frightened. Only Pavlusha, without the slightest hesitation, rushed after the dogs with a cry. "Glorious boy!" - thought the narrator, looking at Pavlusha who had returned: “His ugly face, animated by a fast ride, burned with bold prowess and firm determination.” The boy is not afraid of either wolves or strange sharp screams at night. He is sure that these sounds belong to the heron, and not to the goblin.

Keeping the listeners in suspense, Pavlusha slowly leads the story about Trishka. "Amazing man" Trishka will appear on earth, "when the end times". In the people, a solar eclipse, or "foreknowledge of heaven", was interpreted as one of the signs of the end of the world. Thus, the entire population of the village after the solar eclipse was looking forward to the appearance of Trishka. Seen on the road strange person, "so tricky", with an amazing head, everyone was alarmed. Arousing the superstitious feelings of the guys, Pavel then gives a realistic explanation of the riddle about Trishka. The expectations of the peasants were not justified, the end of the world was postponed indefinitely. Trishka turned out to be not Trishka at all, but the local cooper Vavila, who bought himself a new jug and put it on his head.

Pavel knew everything about nature, he could explain everything simply, clearly.

What is this? Kostya suddenly asked, raising his head. Pavel listened.

These are the Easter cakes flying, whistling.

Where are they flying to?

Where they say there is no winter.

Is there such a land?

Far, far, beyond the warm seas.

Pavlusha is sure that his fate cannot be avoided, so he boldly draws water from the river even when he imagines the voice of a drowned comrade, which, according to the guys, foreshadowed his death. Pavlusha did not escape his fate: in the same year he died after falling from a horse.

The eldest of all the guys, Fedya, could have been fourteen years old. “He was a slender boy with beautiful and thin, slightly small features, curly blond hair, bright eyes and a constant half-joyful, half-scattered smile... He was wearing a colorful cotton shirt with a yellow border; a small new coat, put on in a sledgehammer, barely rested on his narrow coat hanger; a comb hung on a pigeon belt.

It can be said with certainty that Fedya is from a wealthy family: new beautiful clothes, boots with low tops belonged to him, and not to his father. And he left the field "not out of need, but for fun." He enthusiastically listened to other boys, while he himself spoke very little (like the son of a rich peasant, afraid to drop his dignity).

Twelve-year-old Ilyusha was known as the best storyteller. His appearance was unattractive: a hook-nosed, elongated, blind-sighted face, expressing "some kind of dull, painful solicitude." The boy constantly squinted, as if from fire. With both hands, he kept pulling a low felt cap over his ears, from under which his yellow, almost white hair was constantly knocked out. The boy knew many popular beliefs, and, judging by the stories about the brownie, about Yermil, about Trishka, he sincerely believed in everything unusual. He never saw the heroes of his stories, “and God save ... to see; but others have seen it.

Unlike Pavlusha, Ilyusha found in everything a manifestation of otherworldly forces. In his fantasies, a brownie appears, moving objects, coughing, making noise; the ram begins to speak in a human voice. Ilyusha, imitating adults, spoke of his fear: “The power of the cross is with us!”; "Do not scold, look [goblin] will hear."

Kostya differed from everyone else with a pensive, sad look. His eyes made a strange impression: "they seemed to want to say something, for which there were no words in the language - in his language, at least - there were no words." Kostya owned a story about a mermaid.

The mythical is surprisingly pure and woven from a wide variety of natural elements. The mermaid is "light, white, like some kind of small fish or a gudgeon." And "her voice ... she is so thin and plaintive." Just as thoughtfully and sadly, Kostya narrated about the drowned boy Vasya. And it is no longer a mermaid that cries, but the mother of the drowned Vasya "cries, cries, bitterly stings God."

The youngest, seven-year-old Vanya, could not be noticed: “he was lying on the ground, quietly crouching under the angular matting, and only occasionally sticking out his fair-haired curly head from under it.” The boy, without moving and holding his breath, listened to the stories of the elders, only once drawing the attention of all the guys to the stars. In Vanya's imagination, the stars swarm in the sky like bees.

The images of the guys are written out in the story brightly, they are deeply individual, each is interesting in its own way, deep, as only a professional of such a class as I. S. Turgenev can be.

In the poetic story "Bezhin Meadow" images of peasant children appear. Turgenev gives a detailed emotional and psychological description of peasant children. These guys are very mobile and inquisitive. They are independent not only in their childish cares and troubles, but also in their ideas about reality, imbued with superstition, which is natural for them. In peasant boys, Turgenev reveals the poetic nature of the Russian people, their living connection with their native nature.

Against the backdrop of the poetic and mysterious Central Russian nature, the author draws village children at night with extraordinary sympathy. The lost hunter is attached to the fire and in the mysterious light of the fire peers into the faces of the boys. There were five of them: Fedya, Pavlusha, Ilyusha, Kostya and Vanya. They were very different.

A lost hunter likes the rare prowess, determination, courage and modesty of Pavlusha, who gallops after the dogs on a frightening night, not even having a simple twig in his hands. Close to the author is the curiosity and inquisitiveness of the mind of Ilyusha - a lover of terrible stories and unusual rural beliefs, who believes in the indispensable existence of forces hostile to people.

The writer also likes Fedya, an unusually attractive boy, very artistic. The hunter also likes little Kostya, endowed with a “thoughtful look” and a developed imagination. It is a joy to hear from Vanyusha for an adult guest, with what an amazing feeling he perceives the beauty of nature.

All these kids talk about people and village events in very different ways, but they all sincerely believe in miracles, they are ready to solve the unknown mysteries of life. Boys have a lot of prejudices and superstitions - this is a consequence of the darkness And the downtroddenness of their fathers and mothers.

Real life, according to Turgenev, will soon dispel the illusions and mystical moods of the boys, but will certainly preserve their rare poetic feelings.

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In all the works of Turgenev, descriptions of nature occupy a prominent place. Of particular importance to such descriptions is the inseparable connection in which they are with the characters. This connection is expressed in the fact that between nature and its phenomena, as Turgenev describes them, and mood, conversations, thoughts actors exists complete harmony, and nature in Turgenev's works is thus the background against which figures and faces are depicted.

The same correspondence between the picture of nature and the moods of the characters is also observed in the story "Bezhin Meadow", where all conversations are called environment"night" in the steppe, near the river. All the action takes place at the foot of a steep cliff, from which main character story, the hunter, almost fell off, wandering around the steppe. Here, near the river, a fire is lit, horses roam not far from it, two dogs lie right there, and peasant boys guarding the herd sit around the fire and talk. Around this group there is thick darkness, the impression of which is intensified every time after the fire, engulfing a new branch in a bright flame, immediately then falls.

Against the background of pictures of nature, drawn by Turgenev in the story "Bezhin Meadow", "children of the people" are shown in lively colors, with a warm feeling. The situation in the story is most conducive to thoughts in the spirit of the mystical and mysterious - and this is precisely the nature of the children's conversations. All these talks are about the supernatural, the miraculous, and they are saturated with the spirit of superstition and fear of unknown forces.

There were five boys around the fire. The eldest, Fedya, was about fourteen years old, fair-haired, with bright eyes, small and beautiful features, and a constant smile on his lips. He belonged, judging by the new and clean clothes, the comb hanging from his belt and boots, to a wealthy peasant family. The second, Pavlusha, looked unsightly, but attracted sympathy. The third, Ilyusha, a pale boy with a thin, preoccupied face, dressed neater than Pavlusha, was the same age as him. Next in age was Kostya, about ten years old, with a thin, freckled face, pointed downwards, pale lips and large black eyes. The fifth was a seven-year-old boy, Vanya, who lay aside, covered with matting, from under which his fair-haired, curly head only occasionally peeped out.

As fully, comprehensively, peasant children are described from the side of their appearance, they are just as fully outlined from the moral side, each with his own peculiarity, a characteristic feature for him, and all of them, together with the features common to all of them.

First of all, a common feature for them is striking - superstition. They take it to the extreme, and there is no inconsistency to which they would not give faith, as long as the supernatural, incomprehensible, otherworldly are involved in the matter. Every reasonable objection here comes up against blind faith. Of all the boys, only Pavlusha looks at things most soberly, and at times he destroys the mysterious mood and fear that grips the boys by calling out: “Oh, you crows, what are you excited about.” But he, Pavlusha, himself believes in all these things, and when Kostya asks him about the white dove that flew up to the fire, is it a righteous soul, he does not dare to immediately reject this assumption, and after some thought he answers: "maybe."

But superstition is not the only characteristic, discovered by peasant children in the story "Bezhin Meadow". They also possess a high degree of poetic flair. The environment is warm summer night in the steppe and makes a deep impression on them, they succumb to its charm. More than others, Kostya and Vanya show their poetic feelings. The first sadly recalls Vasya, who drowned in the river, and touchingly describes the grief of his mother, Feklista. Vanya is even more poetic by nature, drawing the attention of his comrades to the beauty of the night sky dotted with stars. He enthusiastically compares stars to bees.

Immediately manifested in children and another cute feature, tenderness. Distracted by Vanya from thoughts about all kinds of miracles, Fedya, looking at the stars, turns to Vanya, as if under the influence of a grateful feeling for drawing his attention to the starry sky and affectionately asks Vanya about his sister. In the few words that Vanya and Fedya exchanged, there is more tenderness than other long, eloquent tirades could express.

It should be noted that there is another very attractive feature shown by Pavlusha in the episode with the wolf: his courage. In general, Pavlusha succumbed to the influence of stories about the supernatural less than his comrades. He cheerfully calls out to the guys and brings them back to reality, when they succumb to nightly fears and boldly say about the danger that threatens him in the future: “Well, nothing, ... you can’t escape your fate.”

The courage of this twelve-year-old boy showed itself most clearly when the alarm was raised, all the boys were frightened, the dogs rushed barking into the darkness, and the herd ran anxiously. One Pavlusha bravely rushed after the dogs and soon returned on horseback, informing his comrades that nothing serious had happened. The author deeply sympathizes with Pavlusha and he dedicates to him last words story "Bezhin Meadow".

to acquaint children with the facts of the biography of I. S. Turgenev, the history of creation and the problems of the book “Notes of a Hunter”, necessary for work, to talk about the main functions of the landscape.

2. Developing tasks of the lesson: to teach to work with an artistic color epithet and to comprehend its content, to teach to work on a characteristic literary hero, identify the function of landscape in a literary work.

3. Educational tasks of the lesson:

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Synopsis of a lesson in literature in grade 6

Rylova Nadezhda Alexandrovna,

teacher of Russian language and literature

MAOU "SOSH" №2 UIIIA
Noyabrsk, YNAO

Joys and sorrows in the life of peasant children. Analysis of the story by I. S. Turgenev "Bezhin Meadow".

... darkness fought with light ...

I. S. Turgenev "Bezhin Meadow".

1. Educational objectives of the lesson:to acquaint children with the facts of the biography of I. S. Turgenev, the history of creation and the problems of the book “Notes of a Hunter”, necessary for work, to talk about the main functions of the landscape.

2. Developing tasks of the lesson:to teach to work with an artistic color epithet and comprehend its content, to teach to work on the characterization of a literary hero, to identify the function of a landscape in a literary work.

1. Educational tasks of the lesson:to bring up such a moral concept as sympathy, empathy, the education of such value categories as love for the motherland, for native nature.

During the classes.

1. 1. The word of the teacher. Outside the window is winter, and we have to plunge into the magic of a summer night, meet a bright summer morning. Guys, you read the story of I. S. Turgenev "Bezhin Meadow" from the book "Notes of a Hunter". Today we will work on the analysis of this work of art, comprehend its originality.

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev belonged to an old noble family on his father's side - the names of his ancestors were found in the descriptions historical events since the time of Ivan the Terrible. The writer's mother is a wealthy landowner, the owner of the Spasskoye estate. Mtsensk district Oryol province. Around a spacious two-story master's house, built in the shape of a horseshoe, gardens were laid out, greenhouses and greenhouses were arranged. The future writer was occupied by nature, hunting, fishing. Until the end of his life, Turgenev retained the "lordly" habits of a native Russian nobleman. Myself appearance betrayed its origin to the inhabitants of European resorts, despite the impeccable ownership foreign languages. But at the same time, he began to notice early the unfair treatment of the serfs. And the Russian nobleman, the gentleman, took an oath to himself to fight serfdom to the end.

And in 1852, a book was published that brought Turgenev worldwide fame. This is the book "Notes of a hunter". The hunter visited many places in the Oryol and Kaluga provinces, met people of different classes and shares with the reader his personal impressions of what he saw.

In "Z.o." Turgenev opposed serfdom. For this book, Turgenev was exiled to his own estate, Spasskoe-Lutovinovo, Oryol province, in 1852, without the right to appear in Moscow and St. Petersburg for two years. He not only shows sympathy for the deprived peasants, but shows how many interesting, talented, sincere people among them.

In 1864, Turgenev was invited to an official dinner in honor of the third anniversary of the liberation of the peasants from serfdom. In the speech of the dignitary N. Milyutin, it was said: “The sovereign personally announced that he owes the reading of Turgenev’s “Notes of a Hunter” serfdom».

1. Textual analysis.

1. Why is walking at night a big holiday for peasant children?For many peasant children, games ended very early, and they began to work on an equal footing with adults, because big families needed the help of even such small, but already working hands. Throughout the day, the children helped their parents with their work. There was no time for conversations, idle walks. Therefore, going out at night, where there is an opportunity to ride a horse, lie down to rest and just chat with peers is a holiday for peasant children.

In Turgenev's story, Ilyusha talks about what works. Where does Ilyusha work with his brother?"We are in foxes."How did the other guys react to it?We see the reaction of Pavlusha, who says with respect: “Look, you are factory workers!”

1. Let's start with the characteristics of boys.Let's focus on the questions. What does the appearance of the boy say, what portrait details does the author pay attention to. How does the character describe his storytelling style? What is author's attitude to the hero, in what it is expressed. Which boy do you like the most and why?

Fedya. The only one of the guys who went into the field not out of necessity, but for fun, because he belongs to a rich family. You can see it in the clothes. A motley cotton shirt, a new army jacket, his boots ... were like his boots, not his father's. Outwardly handsome and stately, in addition, he is the eldest, he is aware of his superiority and significance, he behaves accordingly, the author's remarks tell us about this. Fedya busily manages the conversation - “he himself spoke little,as if afraid to lose their dignity», « with a patronizing look Fedya said.

Kostya: a boy of about ten, aroused my curiosity with his thoughtful and sad look. His whole face was small, thin, freckled, .... The author pays special attention to Kostya's eyes: “a strange impression was made by his large, black, glittering eyes with a liquid sheen; they seemed to want to say something, for which there were no words in the language, at least.Why does the author pay special attention to Kostya's eyes?The look characterizes the boy as very interesting person There is some mystery hidden in his eyes.

Ilyusha outwardly unremarkable. "The face of the third, Ilyusha, was rather insignificant." But Ilyusha is the most talented storyteller, "he knew all the rural beliefs better than others."

Vania draws attention to the beauty of the night sky, and before that he is silent for so long:

“Look, look, guys, ... look at God's stars - that the bees are swarming!”. "He put his fresh face out from under the matting,lean on the fistand slowly raised his large, quiet eyes upward.Most a little boy most acutely feels the beauty of nature. Vanya is a good boy: he refuses the hotel offered by Fedya for his sister, appreciates that she is kind.

Pavlusha : "Sitting down on the ground, he dropped his hand on the shaggy nape of one of the dogs, and for a long time the overjoyed animal did not turn its head, looking sideways at Pavlusha with grateful pride." Further, the author calls the boy Pavel, which speaks of his respect for the boy. AND ONLY HIS FURTHER DESTINY is reported by Turgenev.

There is a perilous beginning in Paul.

“His ugly face, animated by a fast ride, burned with a bold prowess and firm determination.The Russian word courage is not equivalent to the word heroism. This is prowess, and prowess is courage in a broad movement. a kind person in the Russian idea of ​​\u200b\u200bdaring, and not just brave or courageous, i.e. not prudently going to a bold act, but one who, by personal choice, decides to take a risky step.Turgenev draws attention to the fact that Pavel is a daring rider,Find words in the text that support this idea:“Suddenly there was a clatter of a galloping horse; Cool she stopped at the very fire and, clinging to the mane, nimbly Pavlusha jumped off her.

Pavel is really a brave boy: “Well, nothing, let him go! - pronounced Paul emphatically and sat down again - you can’t escape your fate. He alone was not afraid to go after the dogs, who started barking. "I thought it was a wolf," he added indifferent voice, breathing deeply through the chest».

Manner of telling boys.

They say most of all Ilyusha (very emotionally):

Varnavitsa?.. Still! what a mess! There, more than once, they say, they saw the old gentleman ... .. “Ilyusha picked up with confidence, who, as far as I could see, knew all rural beliefs better than others ...”, “ hotly caught Ilyusha.

Kostya, who really believes in what he tells. Kostya very expressively talks about the grief of Feoktista, in which her son drowned, sympathizes with her grief: “how she loved him, Vasya!”

Pavel is laconic, makes observations of what is happening outside the narrow circle of guys, occasionally being interested in the subject of conversation “Look how! ... Why did he [the brownie] cough? Pavel is businesslike. While Ilya passionately talks about Trishka, repeating the same thing several times: “such amazing person”, Pavel: “continued in his unhurried voice.”

1. Let's analyze landscape sketches. See what pictures of nature inspired Turgenev. These are the places of his family estate Spasskoe-Lutovinovo. Our task is to understandWhat role do descriptions of nature play in the story?To do this, we need to know the functions of the landscape in work of art. Let's remember them.

Functions of the landscape in a work of art.

2 The second row writes out words and phrases that characterize the color scheme of the morning at the end of the story.

3 The third row works with the description of the night. Write out the color scheme of the night, night images and sounds.

Morning colors:

Pale pink, golden, forged silver glitter, silver amber.

The color scheme of another morning:

Scarlet, red , golden streams of the young hot light, radiant diamonds, green hills. Measuredly rises (the sun) and " the light was pouring down."

What is the difference between the colors of the first morning and colors second morning?The colors of the first morning are muted, calm, faintly flickering, the colors of the second morning are bright, saturated, filled with energy and vitality.What color, first of all, speaks about it?red-scarlet color causes a state of activity, courage in a person; is the embodiment of joy, pulsating energy, heat. This is the brightest color, the color of courage, strong-willed, life-affirming.

6. Why does the author, describing the morning at the beginning and at the end of the story, draw a contrasting picture?We see the first landscape before the hunter meets the boys, and the second after the meeting, which made both the hunter and the reader think about many things. The second landscape is life-affirming, which is why there is so much living, bright light in it, it conquers the darkness of the night.

What character would you associate red with? With Pavlusha. Which hero suits the silver shimmering starlight best?Vanya, who admires the beauty of the stars.

7. Night approached and grew thundercloud, darkness poured from everywhere . All around fast blackened and subsided. Moving forward with every momentgloomy gloom rose in huge clubs, the sky began to turn blue again - but that was already blue of the night . No light flickered anywhere, no sound was heard.

My chest was sweetly embarrassed, inhaling that special, lingering and fresh smell - the smell of a Russian summer night.What smells fill the Russian summer night?

What is the hunter's state of mind after dark?

“He entered, as if into a cellar”, “horror”, “a sense of mystery”, “gloomy darkness”, “desperately rushed”, “mute”, “the sky hung sadly”, “squeaked pitifully”. The hunter found himself over the abyss.

How does the description of the night change when the hunter sits down at the fire of the peasant boys? Why?

The children's fire is a warm, lively island in the immense darkness of the night. “The picture was wonderful: near the lights, a round reddish reflection trembled and seemed to freeze, resting against the darkness; a thin tongue of light licks the bare branches of the willow and vanishes at once; sharp, long shadows, bursting in for a moment, in turn reached the very lights:darkness fought light».

“the night shone solemnly and regally; innumerable golden stars seemed to flow quietly, all twinkling with each other, in the direction Milky Way, and, right, looking at them, you yourself seemed to vaguely feel the impetuous, unstoppable run of the earth ... "

We see the beauty and grandeur of nature, which are available to any person, regardless of class, above all of us there is a huge sky with countless stars.

8. Let's draw a conclusion and define the functions of the landscape in the story "Bezhin Meadow".

1. Aesthetic. Turgenev shows the beauty of nature using means of expression language. For example, there are many epithets: a wonderful, golden, lingering smell, a gentle blush.
2. contrast function.In contrast, the description of the first morning and the second is built. And in general, a description of the landscape -day and night, darkness and light.
3. psychological function,when we see the hunter's state of mind as night falls.
4. Culturological.The author continues Pushkin's traditions in describing the Russian original landscape, showing its binarity, duality - meekness and violence (muffled colors and their bright overflow in the morning sky), sadness and enlightenment (an oppressed state with the onset of night and the victory of light in the finale of the story).
5. philosophical function.

Pay attention to the epigraph to the lesson. Darkness fought light.Please explain the direct and figurative meaning of the oppositions in the text - day and night, darkness and light.IN literally- the light of fire and the light of the morning fight the darkness of the night. IN figuratively fire is one of the elements, a symbol of protection. The story sounds like the voice of the spirit of nature. There is a struggle between good and evil, good forces win, we see this from the life-affirming ending of the story.

In the story Bezhin Meadow everything moves from darkness to light, from darkness to the sun. The source of this movement is nature. There is in life dark side and the bright side. Love and hate. Caring for the neighbor and cruelty, serfdom. Life and death. At the end of the story, the author informs us about the death of Pavlusha.

9. In the life of the peasant children, about whom Turgenev tells, there are both sorrows and joys. What are the joys and what are the sorrows?

1. 10. What did Turgenev's story make you think about?

Homework. Make a film frame based on one of the episodes of the story.

Composition

(1 option)

IN mid-nineteenth century I.S. Turgenev creates his famous collections of hunting stories, Notes of a Hunter. In the center of the collection is the fate of the Russian peasantry, which so worried the progressive intelligentsia of that time. Ivan Sergeevich also took a fresh look at the life of a simple Russian peasant. In the story "Bezhin Meadow" the peasant world is shown with all its simplicity, spirituality, spiritual beauty.

The very action of the story is reliably accurately indicated by the writer: Bezhin meadow was only a few kilometers from Spassky-Lutovinovo, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev's own estate. The main characters of the story are peasant boys from neighboring villages who guard the herd. Their life is given through the perception of the narrator - a hunter who accidentally got lost on one of the July days. A picture of the life of peasant children on a summer evening unfolds before the reader. The boys are talking quietly by the fire. Listening to the stories of boys, observing their clothes, demeanor, actions, the narrator forms a general idea of peasant life. The guys are simply dressed: patched ports, bast shoes and onuchi, canvas shirts. Only one boy, Fedya, who looks older, according to the author, “belonged, by all indications, to a rich family and went out into the field not out of need, but just for fun.”

Peasant children tell each other horror stories. And through their attitude to what they heard, the author reveals all the charm of their world. For example, the boy Ilyusha describes a brownie who is found in an old roller blind in a factory and frightens the workers. Kostya tells about Gavrila, a suburban carpenter, who once met a forest mermaid and since then has been “not happy”. Pavlusha speaks of a “foreknowledge of heaven,” which frightened everyone, even the master. The guys believe in evil spirits, evil spirits, witches and sorcerers. And in this faith of theirs one can trace the desire of people for mystery, unknown things, unexplained phenomena. Belief in miracles, ghosts, good and evil spirits has been preserved among the people since ancient times. Therefore, in the stories told by boys, there are many folklore images: brownies, mermaids, devilry. The power of rural beliefs is enormous. The boys talk about people who did not die of their own death, these stories both fascinate and frighten children.
The life of peasant children is deprived of prosperity, material well-being. But filled with real spiritual beauty, spiritualized. At the end of the story, there is an indication of the author about the death of Paul in the same year: "he was killed by falling from a horse." This fact makes the reader take a closer look at peasant life.

(Option 2)

Peasant world in the story "Bezhin Meadow" - this is the world through the eyes of children. One of the guys is older and richer, he can give gifts, he, “as the son of a rich peasant, had to be the lead singer” in conversation (“he himself spoke little, as if afraid to lose his dignity”). Other guys are easier. Their conversation is serious, nocturnal: about goblin, mermaids, brownies, a solar eclipse, corresponding to the situation. Twelve-year-old Ilyusha is already a factory worker, works as a fox driver, but, of course, he doesn’t talk about that, it’s not interesting. But from the story about the coughing brownie, it turns out that they spent the night at the factory, because there was a lot of work and the overseer did not let the guys go home, that the guy already knows what a roll, shift, palace, uniform is. Frightening, however, is not this, but the steps of the brownie. Ten-year-old Kostya knows exactly why the suburban carpenter Gavrila is always sad. And he didn’t come up with it himself, but his father told others about the mermaid and Gavrila.

In the stories of the children, there are two closely adjoining worlds: the world of brownies, mermaids, drowned men, the dead, Trishka and the world of the factory overseer Nazarov, the suburban carpenter Gavrila, the kennel Yermila, the grandfather Trofimych, the woman Ulyana, the bar, the old and the young, who have not lived long enough and are afraid solar eclipses, elders, cooper Vavila. There is a lot in their stories that is terrible, funny, and sad: the stories of Akulina, who went mad and threw herself into the river because her lover abandoned her, and Theoklista, who could not save her drowned son, are quite real, although here, according to the guys, they are not there was no mysticism. An interesting image is Pavel, an independent peasant who is not afraid of wolves, laughing at the stupidity of his fellow villagers, who knows how to pacify dogs, boil potatoes, and calm the boys who frightened themselves with fables and true stories. Some of the guys have parents, some have brothers and sisters. Ilyusha knows all rural beliefs better than others, and seven-year-old Vanya knows how not only to admire nature himself, but also to draw the attention of adults to its beauty: “Look, look, guys,” he suddenly heard children's voice Vani, - look at God's stars - that the bees are swarming! ... The eyes of all the boys rose to the sky and did not soon fall.

The world of reality and the world of superstition coexist in the minds and souls of not only children, but also adults, whom they copy, whose habits they adopt. The source of inspiration for adults and children is Russian nature.

Other writings on this work

In the collection of stories "Notes of a Hunter" the story is told on behalf of a hunter who, in his campaigns, meets with different people. On one of the beautiful July days, he got lost while hunting and unexpectedly went out to Bezhin Meadow. Here he saw children guarding a herd of horses. "To drive out before evening and to drive a herd at the dawn of the morning is a great holiday for peasant boys." The hunter stayed overnight near the guys and involuntarily watched them.

There were five boys in all. From their conversations, the author learned the names of the children. The eldest was called Fedya, he was fourteen years old. It was a handsome boy. According to all signs, he belonged to a wealthy family and "went out into the field not out of need, but just for fun." He was dressed in good clothes. Pavlusha "was unsightly", but it was this boy who attracted the narrator's attention: "he looked very smart and direct, and there was strength in his voice." The third boy's name was Ilyusha. The author notes in his insignificant face "some kind of dull, painful solicitude." Kostya aroused the narrator's curiosity "with his thoughtful and sad gaze", his black eyes seemed to want to express something for which there were no words in the language. Vanya was lying on the ground under the matting, so it was difficult to notice him at once. He only occasionally showed his blond curly head from under the matting. Pavlusha and Ilyusha looked no more than twelve years old, Kostya was ten years old, and Vanya was only seven. All the children, with the exception of Fedya, were poorly dressed.

The boys sat around the fire, on which “potatoes” were boiled in a pot, and slowly talked. Above them stood a dark, starry sky "with all its mysterious splendor." The night was filled with subtle rustles and indistinct sounds. The guys talked about brownies, mermaids, ghosts. The stories they told were as mysterious and poetic as the July night itself that surrounded them. Ilyusha, Pavlusha, Kostya spoke the most. Fedya "said little, as if afraid to lose his dignity," he only pushed the other boys to the story. Vanya did not utter a word all night. There was comradely relations between the boys, it is clear that this is not the first time they have been riding together at night. Their stories testify to the fabulous perception of the world around them, but at the same time they also speak of the ignorance of children. They probably didn't go to school.

Turgenev spoke with great warmth about the peasant children. For each boy, the author found special words with which he created unique images.

The story "Bezhin meadow" ends with a symbolic description of the awakening day, when in the streams of rays rising sun the night chimeras scattered and across the steppe, "chased by familiar boys, a rested herd rushed." So the writer expressed his belief that the Russian people would come to a bright life.