Golden Gate in Vladimir. The Golden Gate is one of the most famous monuments of ancient Russian architecture in Vladimir

Golden Gate Bridge in the US city of San Francisco - one of the most famous bridges in the world. On May 27, 2012, this bridge turned 75 years old. A darling of movies and TV shows, the Golden Gate has been the world's largest suspension bridge for 27 years and is the most suicidal destination on Earth.

A bit of history. The Golden Gate Bridge connects the city of San Francisco and southern Marin County. Until 1937, there was only a ferry crossing on the site of the bridge, which greatly hampered the development of the city.

Let's see how this grandiose building was built:

Here's what the bay originally looked like.

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San Francisco, 1910 (Photo by National Park Service):

The construction of the Golden Gate Bridge began on January 5, 1933 and lasted over 4 years. (Photo Library of Congress):

The bridge was built in art deco style. Its architect is Irving Morrow. The photograph shows the start of construction in 1933. (Photo):

So the construction progressed in a year. 1934 (Photo by Redwood Empire Association | AP):

Almost 4 years later. 1935 (AP Photo):

On the morning of May 27, 1937, the Golden Gate Bridge was opened, but only for pedestrians, and for the first 12 hours it belonged only to them. (Photo by Redwood Empire Association | AP):

Soon the first cars entered the bridge. This happened at the signal of Roosevelt himself from the White House. (Photo by Ernest K. Bennett | AP):

Golden Gate Bridge for 27 years was the largest suspension bridge in the world: from opening in 1937 to 1964. (Photo Library of Congress):

A few characteristics: the length of the bridge is 1,970 meters, the length of the main span is 1,280 meters, and the weight is 894,500 tons. (AP Photo):

The top of the support. Height above water - 230 meters, 1968. (Photo Library of Congress):

Huge cargo ship under the bridge. (Photo by Kike Calvo via AP Images):

In 1987, the 50th anniversary of the Golden Gate Bridge was celebrated. On May 24, 1987, traffic was blocked and approximately 300,000 people walked across the bridge. (Photo by Paul Sakuma | AP):

An interesting fact: on May 18, 2004, a deer crossed the bridge for the first time, delaying traffic for as much as 20 minutes. (Photo Courtesy of the Golden Gate Bridge | AP):

The speed limit on the bridge is ~72 km/h. On average, once a year, accidents occur here, during which the car drives into the oncoming lane and collides with the oncoming one. January 27, 2005. (Photo by Justin Sullivan | Getty Images):

The Golden Gate Bridge is the "sad record holder" and one of the most suicidal places in the world. According to statistics, someone commits suicide on this bridge every 2 weeks. 2nd place in this indicator holds the Aokigahara forest at the foot of Mount Fuji in Japan. (Photo by Robert Galbraith | Reuters):

Over the 75 years of the bridge's existence, according to unofficial data, more than 1,200 people committed suicide by throwing themselves from the Golden Gate into the water.

The fall of a person from a height of 75 meters lasts 4 seconds. The body hits the water at a speed of 142 km / h, which is almost always fatal. (Photo by Gabriel Bouys | AFP | Getty Images):

Along the bridge, there are special telephones by which suicides can call the psychological support service. The inscriptions near these phones say: “There is hope. Call. The consequences of jumping from this bridge are fatal and tragic.” (Photo by David Allen Corby):

The corporate color of the bridge. It is serviced by a team of 38 painters. (Photo by Justin Sullivan | Getty Images):

Aerobatic team in front of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, October 9, 2008. (Photo by Robert Galbraith | AP):

During the international expedition, the Russian frigate Pallada passed under the Golden Gate Bridge on July 25, 2005 in full sail. (Photo by John M. Harris | AP):

New Year's Eve-2012. (Photo by Darvin Atkeson):

In summer and early autumn, you can watch a bewitching sight, as fog covers the bay and the Golden Gate:

During the famous fogs, the Golden Gate Bridge looks especially mysterious:

Golden Gate from space. View from the ISS, November 6, 2010. (Photo by NASA):

May 27, 2012 in San Francisco was the celebration of the 75th anniversary of the Golden Gate Bridge. An unusual shoe exhibition was held in memory of those who jumped off the bridge to end their lives. (Photo by Noah Berger | AP):

And, of course, fireworks. San Francisco, May 17, 2012. (Photo by Ezra Shaw | Getty Images):

Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco. 75th anniversary.

Well, a little more about the bridge itself ...

Golden Gate Bridge ( golden gate) during its existence has become a real symbol not only of San Francisco, but calling card USA. This suspension bridge is considered one of the largest in the world, and is a source of pride for Americans.

This bridge is distinguished not only by its aesthetic merits, but also in other ways. He connected San Francisco with Northern California, and in this way saved the Californian economy from a deep crisis. The authorities of San Francisco did not even have to raise funds for its construction. All construction costs - and this is $ 35 million - were borne by six counties located across the strait, because now, at last, they could quickly, without much hassle, deliver their goods to the state's largest city.

Back in 1921, experienced engineer Joseph Berman Strauss (1870-1938), who had already built more than one bridge, outlined his plan to build a bridge over the Golden Gate Strait, which separated San Francisco from California's Marin County. This plan was captivatingly attractive. After all, it was possible to get to the city from the northern districts of the state only in a roundabout way, having done a huge distance in a detour or crossing by ferry. However, the project also raised a lot of concerns. Never before had a bridge been built with such a long span. In addition, the strong currents that arose here at high tide made work very difficult. The question was how to fix the piles of the bridge, how to save them from collapse?

And yet in 1923, after much hesitation, the California authorities passed a law to finance the construction of the bridge. For another six years, bureaucratic delays and political debates continued. Finally, Strauss received the order.

During his life, an engineer from Cincinnati built four hundred bridges. But this time he had to come up with something special, develop a completely new technology to build a bridge across the Golden Gate.

The most difficult thing was to build the foundation for the southern pillar of the bridge. The water depth in this place exceeded 90 m; she seethed, as in the open sea. At high and low tides, the currents were so fast that work had to be stopped - it could only be carried out during those short hours when huge waves calmed down and the tide was replaced by an ebb or vice versa. In addition, the bottom in this place turned out to be rocky - the more difficult it was to lay a 34 m high foundation here. The foundation pit had to be pierced for it, exploding underwater bombs.

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Finally, when supports were built on both sides of the strait and steel cables were stretched, the bridge deck began to be erected immediately on both sides, and work was carried out at the same speed in order to avoid sagging of the cables. During the construction of this bridge, the workers were forced to wear safety helmets for the first time. A net was pulled down below, and this, in fact, saved the lives of 19 workers who accidentally slipped off the bridge. And yet, ten people could not be saved - they crashed in the fall.

This legendary bridge owes its appearance to married couple architects - Irvizh and Gertrude Morrow. They designed the supports, rather like towers, and developed the entire design of the bridge. It is thanks to them that he turned out so elegant and light. Irving Morrow chose both the most appropriate color scheme for the bridge and the most beneficial lighting scheme.

According to his plan, when night fell on the strait, the bridge pillars were to gradually dissolve in the darkening sky - during these hours only the illuminated canvas would stand out brightly. However, the lighting system he invented required considerable expenses and, for reasons of economy, they abandoned it, remembering it only half a century later, when they were preparing to celebrate the anniversary of the Golden Gate Bridge. Then, finally, a long-standing plan was put into practice.

The Golden Gate Bridge is classic pattern suspension bridge, typical of the second half of XIX V. It is mounted on reinforced concrete supports, consisting of five sections. The supports rise above the water by almost 230 m. The height of the southern pylon, if we also count the foundation, will turn out to be even more than three and a half hundred meters.

The bridge is suspended on two huge cables 2300 m long; they reach a thickness of almost a meter and weigh 24,500 tons each. It is clear that in those days not a single construction crane could lift such a weight. The cables had to be twisted from individual steel strands using a pneumatic tensioner. In total, they consist of 27,500 threads with a diameter of 5 mm each; the threads are twisted into bundles (there are 61 of them in total), and those are intertwined into a single cable. The total length of all steel threads is 129 thousand km - this is enough to go around the equator three times. Numerous pairs of ropes, which descend vertically from each cable, support the bridge deck.

The Golden Gate Bridge has a six-lane freeway and a footpath. The height of the canvas is 67 m above the water level. About 120,000 cars pass the bridge every year. Its construction paid off very quickly. Already a quarter of a century after its opening, the total amount of fees collected for travel was 4 times higher than all expenses.

The bridge got its name because of the strait of the same name. “Golden Gate” is the name of the strait that connects the Pacific Ocean and San Francisco Bay. Such a romantic name was given to the strait by the military topographer John Fremont.

Soon after its official opening, another, not at all romantic name was assigned to the bridge - “suicide bridge”. The first suicide happened here a few weeks after the opening of the bridge, and by the end of the 20th century, the number of people who died here exceeded a thousand people! On this moment official statistics are not kept, but it is known that once every two weeks one person dies on the bridge!

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The bridge is painted bright orange. The paint for the bridge was selected by one of the architects of the project, Irving Morrow. This color not only makes the bridge highly visible even in dense fog, which is not uncommon here, but also protects it! The fact is that the composition of the paint of this color includes a number of components that perfectly protect metal structures from rust. The bridge is painted almost daily, but only in those places where it is really necessary.

Over the years, the bridge has proven to be a very solid structure. The Golden Gate's biggest test came during the 1951 hurricane. The storm wind in those days reached a speed of 130 km / h, and the bridge deviated horizontally by as much as 8 meters. When the hurricane ended, it turned out that no serious damage was found on the bridge!

Golden Gate - the personification of greatness Ancient Rus'. In the great Russian city of Vladimir, there are not many buildings left from ancient times. One of the preserved relics is the Golden Gate. They are named so not by chance. Built in 1164 by Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky, sheets of gilded copper were nailed to the gates, which shone brightly in the sun.

According to another version, the gates in Vladimir competed in grandeur and beauty with the famous Golden Kyiv Gates. Now the Golden Gate is rightfully considered the rarest example of Russian military architecture. This architectural monument, which survived despite the devastation, wars and conflagrations, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. His story is tragic in its own way, but it causes sincere admiration.

Almost immediately after the construction, Vladimir was declared by Andrei Bogolyubsky the capital of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality. Almost immediately, the city began to be fortified with bulk earthen ramparts, between which a high tower with gates for passage was built in the western part. There is a legend associated with the church that was founded above the gate. It says that when the construction was completed, and the workers dismantled the scaffolding, the arches of the gate suddenly collapsed and fell asleep 12 people. Prince Andrei prayed to the heavenly Intercessor, while everyone was sure of the death of the builders. An icon of the Mother of God was brought to the site of the collapse, and hymns were sung. And then they dug up people, alive and unharmed. In memory of this miraculous rescue Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky ordered to create a church over the gates in honor of the Position of the Robe of the Mother of God in Blachernae. It was consecrated in 1164.

The Golden Gate had a defensive function in those days. They were built using the then common technique of half-stone masonry. Inside the gate was a stone staircase that started inside the city. At the top it ended with a small door. On one of its jambs, there are drawings in the form of crosses, most likely made by warriors who went out to the battlefield outside the door. In the wall opposite from the door there is a brick bookmark, indicating that there was a second door. However, it is quite difficult to understand its purpose, because if it existed, then the course behind it would lead just into the thickness of the shaft. However, do not underestimate the importance of the gate. The fact that there were bloody battles on the stairs and the attacking and defensive forces clashed is even evidenced by the shape of the bell of the white stone walls. It is quite wide, and now it has been leveled with bricks. A wooden staircase led to the upper combat platform and to the gate church located there.

In addition to the defensive function, the Golden Gate also had the function of the main front entrance to the capital. Squads entered under the 14-meter arch, horse riders passed. The majestic view of the Golden Gate was given by huge oak doors hanging on forged hinges, as well as a massive travel tower. Also, the Golden Gate performed a decorative function. It was a majestic and monumental symbol of the greatness of Vladimir Rus', princely power and wealth.

The builders cared not only about the beauty and grandeur of the Golden Gate. Bulk shafts were given a pyramidal shape, expanding towards the bottom, so that the grip with the gate was maximum. And in the sloping walls of the gate adjacent to the ramparts, there were deep niches with a semicircular top. There are 5 such niches on the northern facade, they are located along the entire height of the shaft, but on the southern facade, the niches break off due to the stairs. The complex design more than once or twice justified itself in battles.

But the gate church of the Deposition of the Robe of the Mother of God had a really unique and unusual form. Its original structure has not survived to our times, however, it can be assumed that, following the Assumption Cathedral, the church also had a pyramidal hipped roof, covered with sheets of gilded copper. The church had a standard form, was four-pillared, had external and internal shoulder blades on the walls, three arched portals, and three altar apses. A modest belt at half the height of the walls was used as decoration.

In front of the Golden Gate, over the moat, there was a wooden bridge. It is believed that it was permanent, since no traces of a lifting mechanism were found on the gate itself. Another feature of the Golden Gates in Vladimir is similar to the gates in Kyiv. There was no lifting grate in the gate arch. Naturally, it is impossible to speak exactly about these details, one can only guess from the surviving ruins and drawings that have survived to this day.

The turning point in the history of the Golden Gate was 1238, when the Tatar troops, having devastated many cities, approached the walls of Vladimir. Just then, wanting to save the unique relics, the townspeople removed the gilded gates. At the moment they are considered a lost masterpiece. There are two versions, according to which the valves either lie at the bottom of the Klyazma, or are buried under the foundation or walled up in the walls of the city. The Tatars attacked the city furiously, throwing firewood into the ditches, smashing the wooden walls and bombarding the opponents with arrows. The Golden Gate and the gate church were badly damaged, they were stripped of everything more or less valuable.

In the 15th century, the Golden Gate and the gate church underwent the first major overhaul, started by Moscow in order to renew the great artistic monuments former capital. It played not only a charitable role, but also a political one. Moscow actively strengthened its positions by allocating money for construction, charity and overhauls. The second repair was organized in the 17th century, after a series of military events. The estimate in 1641 was made by the famous Moscow architect Antipa Konstantinov, but the work was carried out only at the end of the century. The golden years of the Gates have passed, sunk into oblivion. The main function - the defense of the capital city, ceased to exist. The Golden Gates were abolished as such, leaving them for the sake of history. Vegetable gardens grew on the ramparts around, the oak shutters were removed. And after the incident with Empress Catherine II, whose carriage got stuck in the gate, the ditches were completely filled up for better travel. They removed the side supports of the gate - ancient bulk shafts, and it was necessary to create new props so as not to destroy the monument. Buttresses were built of white stone at the corners of the Golden Gate.

The next test for the Golden Gate was a huge fire in 1778, which claimed the lives of many citizens and caused the death of many churches in Vladimir. Only half a century later, thanks to the efforts of the governor Ivan Mikhailovich Dolgoruky, the gates and the church above them were again restored. At the same time, a project was implemented, according to which the gate church was rebuilt. It was completely dismantled, after which the top of the gate was shifted, mixing brick and stones. Only after that the church was re-raised, however, greatly changing it compared to the previous version. The buttresses were covered with rounded towers, between which the living quarters on the north and a staircase on the south side huddled.

Major repairs literally pursued ancient building. Another alteration was conceived in 1867. And when it was necessary to carry out water supply in Vladimir, it was decided to rebuild the Golden Gate into a water tower.

Despite all the trials that befell the Golden Gate, they remained in the life of the Vladimir people. They were not broken by fires and attacks of enemies. They withstood the harsh years of alterations and rebuilding of the city. They were not broken even in the middle of the 20th century, when their importance dropped so much that people settled inside. However, time put everything in its place. Today in the Golden Gates is open historical exposition which any visitor can see. the main role The exposition features a diorama showing the Tatars taking the city by storm. The Golden Gates of Vladimir are a reminder to those living today of the greatness of the ancient capital, of the unbroken spirit, of the mighty walls that honestly served for the benefit of the city.

Address: Vladimir, st. Bolshaya Moskovskaya, 1 A

• Question Which towns have the "Golden Gate"? How many steps are there in the "Golden Gate" When were they built?
  Description How is the present tense used?
  

  SM date: archived

1. Answer 1.g. Vladimir Golden Gates. There is a staircase in the southern wall of the Golden Gates, facing the preserved earthen rampart. 64 steps, arranged in a six-meter thickness of the wall, lead to the gate church. An architectural monument and a museum. In the 60s of the XII century AD. holiday buildings were built in Vladimir entrance gate town - the Golden Gate. These gates, even with their name, should have shown that the capital city of North-Eastern Rus' - Vladimir - is in no way inferior to Kyiv. IN late XVII 1st century in connection with the implementation of the latest permanent layout of the town, the ramparts adjoining the walls of the Golden Gate were torn down. This weakened the design of the gate supports. To strengthen the gates, buttresses enclosed in round towers were added in the corners. Currently, only the basic cubic size of the drive-through gate is authentic; the gate church was completely rebuilt, and its initial forms are unidentified. The Golden Gate is a monument of ancient Russian fortification. Built of snow-white stone in 1158-1164. Andrey Bogolyubsky, Prince of Vladimir, as the main battle and passage tower of the fortress he newly made. Of the 5 outer gates of the fortress, only one, the Golden ones, has survived. , bound with gilded copper. A combat platform was laid over the jumper. At the top of the tower, above the arched gap, there was the Church of the Deposition of the Robe of the Virgin - a small variation of the white stone church. An internal staircase led to the church. The bypass around the church, surrounded by a battlement wall, served as the 2nd combat platform. - the Mongol horde: the Tatars leaked into the city not through the gate, but through a breach in the wooden wall on the rampart. early XIX centuries, but the gate church "stood idle almost all summer without singing." only in provincial times the building was seriously rebuilt: the ramparts were taken away from the sides, the tower was surrounded by outbuildings hiding the buttresses, and the gate church was rebuilt from brick and consecrated in 1810. The open bypass around the church turned into a closed gallery. The internal wall staircase was filled up, and was resumed only in 1870 ... http://sobory.ru/article/?object=00994Vladimir, photo: http://slavarik.narod.ru/Zolotie1.jpg (ukr. Zoloti Vorota) - a historical check-in to Kiev. triumphal gate old Kiev. They got their name from the Golden Gates of Constantinople, which performed similar functions. The Golden Gate was one of the three large city gates built under Yaroslav the Wise. The construction of the gate, together with the St. Sophia Cathedral, is mentioned in the annals under 1037. In 1240, the gate was badly damaged during the siege and capture of the town by hordes of Batu. From the records of travelers of the 16th-17th centuries and drawings A. Van Westerfeld (1651) it is clear that by this time the Golden Gate was dilapidated. The Golden Gate remained the gate to the city (often used for ceremonial purposes) until the 18th century, although over time it became more and more ruined. In 1832, the first measures were taken to preserve them. In the 1970s, a pavilion was built near the ruins, which housed a small museum dedicated to the history of the Golden Gate. In 1982, for the 1500th anniversary of Kiev, the Golden Gate was completely reconstructed, despite the fact that there are no reliable images or plans of how they looked in antiquity.http: //ru.wikipedia.o
   

   Vetluzhanka date: archived

2. Answer The famous capital of Atlantis is traditionally called the City of the Golden Gate. Golden Gates (Ukr. Golden Gates) - a historical check-in to Kiev. The monument "Golden Gates" in Vladimir has also been preserved.
   

   Elena kot date: archived

3. Answer There is one in Kyiv. These gates are restored as a monument. Around the mini-park.previously used as a check-in to the city.
   

   OLka date: archived

4. Answer Jest Zolotye vorota v Kieve - glavnye triumfalnye vorota drevnego Kieva, stroitelstvo upominaetsya v letopisyax pod 1037 godom, takzhe jest vorota vo Vladimire , postroennye v 1164 godu, vsio ispolzujetsya kak pamiatniki arxitektury
   

   Natalie date: archived

5. Answer Golden Gate (USA) - the strait connecting San Francisco Bay with Pacific Ocean. Golden Gate - a bridge in the town of San Francisco, passing through the Golden Gate Strait. Golden Gate (Kyiv) - a historical check-in to Kyiv.. Golden Gate - a metro station in Kyiv. Located next to the Golden Gate. The Golden Gate (Vladimir) is an outstanding monument of ancient Russian architecture. The Golden Gate of Karadag (Crimea) The Golden Gate at the Mount of Olives (Israel) The Golden Gate. A two-step rapid on the Khangarul River in Transbaikalia.

Golden Gate (Vladimir)

Golden Gate

Golden Gate from Kozlov Val

Golden Gate- an outstanding monument of ancient Russian architecture, located in the city of Vladimir. Built in 1164 under Vladimir Prince Andrey Bogolyubsky. In addition to defensive purposes, the gates also had a triumphal character. The Golden Gate formed the main entrance to the richest princely-boyar part of the city.

The Golden Gate was built by princely masters. This is evidenced by the princely sign left by the builder on one of the white stone blocks. The building was built using the technique of half-stone masonry, which was widely used in Vladimir-Suzdal architecture. The strict proportions of the passage arch, covered by a powerful semi-circular vault, and the special elegance of the small church at the top, gave the building a majestic character, well suited to its purpose.

During the reign of Andrei Bogolyubsky, the city was surrounded by an extended shaft and had five entrance gates (except for the Golden ones, these are Copper, Irinina, Silver and Volga). Only the Golden Gate has survived to this day.

It was the most front gate of the city in the XII-XIII centuries. The Ipatiev Chronicle reports that the prince “made them with gold”, meaning that they were covered with sheets of gilded copper, which shone brightly in the sun and struck the imagination of contemporaries. Close to the gates from the north and south adjoined bulk ramparts with deep ditches on the outside. A bridge leading out of the city passed through the moats from the gate. The height of the arch reached 14 meters. Massive oak gates, hanging on forged hinges, adjoined the arched lintel, which is preserved to this day. A wooden flooring was arranged along the top of this jumper, which served as an additional combat platform. From the flooring, only nests for beams in the masonry of the walls have been preserved. The entrance to the site was through a door opening in the southern wall, through which a stone staircase with a creeping duct vault passed. At the same level, on the opposite side of the stairs, there was an exit to the southern line of earthen ramparts. From the north, a passage led to the ramparts directly from the platform through a door in the wall. The staircase in the southern wall led further to the upper combat platform, which had battlements in the form of loopholes. In the center of this site, a white-stone gate church of the Deposition of the Robe of the Mother of God was erected. It was a rather slender temple of the type already familiar from the buildings of Yuri Dolgoruky: square in plan, four pillars with three altar apses with inner and outer shoulder blades on the walls, three arched portals, a cylindrical drum and modest decoration in the form of a decorative belt running in the middle of the height of the facade.

Unfortunately, the gate has been preserved with strong reconstructions. The ancient parts of this structure include a wide passage arch with powerful side pylons and a combat platform above them, which has come down in fragments.

Frequent devastating fires and invasions of enemies significantly distorted the appearance of the Golden Gate. One of the miniatures of the 16th-century obverse chronicle shows their destruction. In 1641, by decree of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, the Moscow architect Antipa Konstantinov drew up an estimate for their repair, but restoration work began only at the end of the 17th century.

Links

• Timofeeva T.P. Golden Gate in the XVIII-XX centuries. In: Materials of VSMZ Research. Vladimir, 2002. S. 86-93.

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

See what "Golden Gate (Vladimir)" is in other dictionaries:

This term has other meanings, see Golden Gate. Coordinates: 56°07′36″ s. sh. 40°23′49″ E  / 56.126667° N sh ... Wikipedia

Golden Gate: The Golden Gate (Jerusalem) The Golden Gate (Constantinople) is the main gate of Constantinople. Golden Gate (Kyiv) reconstruction of the ancient city gates of Kyiv. Golden Gate (metro station) metro station in Kyiv ... Wikipedia

The Golden Gates The Golden Gates from the side of Kozlov Val The Golden Gates is an outstanding monument of ancient Russian architecture, located in the city of Vladimir. Built in 1164 under the Prince of Vladimir Andrei Bogolyubsky. In addition to defense purposes, the gate ... ... Wikipedia

- (a wooden stove was in the bishop's house of the Assumption Cathedral; the golden gates are known; the iron church was at the Nativity Monastery). See Rus' RODINA ... IN AND. Dal. Proverbs of the Russian people

This term has other meanings, see Golden Gate. Coordinates: 50°26′54″ s. sh. 30°30′48″ in.  /  ... Wikipedia

Coordinates: 50°26′55″ s. sh. 30°30′48″ in.  / 50.448611° N sh. 30.513333° E etc. ... Wikipedia

Golden Gate- an outstanding monument of ancient Russian architecture. Built in 1164 under Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky. This is the main entrance to the city in the XII-XIII centuries. also served as a powerful defensive structure. It was from the Golden Gate that they went away Lake Peipus squads who fought in Battle on the Ice; Alexander Nevsky solemnly entered the city through these gates. In 1380, Vladimir and Suzdal regiments marched through them to Kulikovo field, and in 1611 Prince Dmitry Pozharsky gathered a militia here to liberate Moscow.

The Golden Gate was built under Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky in 1158-1164. They performed 2 most important functions: it was the main entrance to the city, as well as a powerful defensive structure, which was built at the level of the ramparts of the 12th century.

The Golden Gate of Vladimir is unique - it is the only monument of its kind that has survived in our time. The fact is that similar gates were built in Kyiv, Jerusalem and Constantinople. When the capital of Rus' was moved to Vladimir, Grand Duke Andrei Bogolyubsky wished to see gates in the city similar to those in Kyiv, but surpassing them in grandeur, beauty and architectural power. In Kyiv, now the Golden Gate has also been restored, but their safety was much less and the real appearance Kyiv Golden Gate is essentially unknown.

In the XII-XIII centuries. the city was surrounded by an extended rampart and had five entrance gates (Copper, Irinina, Silver, Volga and Gold). Only the Golden Gate has survived to this day. The most festive entry into the city in the XII-XIII centuries.

Outwardly, they represent a powerful tower with a 14-meter travel arch, at the top of the platform used for military purposes, on it there is a small gate church of the Rizopolozhenskaya. In ancient times, the copper upholstery of the wooden gates was covered with gold - hence the name and the brilliance that amazed contemporaries. Powerful forged loops for hanging these alignments have survived to this day. Large square sockets for supporting beams indicate the existence of an additional wooden platform, which was used for defensive purposes, from here the enemy was shelled. Nearby, to this day, the remains of an ancient rampart have been preserved, which the locals call Kozlov, after the name of the owner of this land already in the 18th century.

Of interest are the ancient gates and the walls of the inner staircase. Hundreds of years ago, fighters left inscriptions on these walls - ancient Russian graffiti. 13th century inscription - "Gyurgich" (i.e. Yurievich) and a cross next to her. This modest inscription was left by one of the defenders of Vladimir during the Batyev invasion in honor of Grand Duke Vladimir Yurievich, who died during the siege of the city in front of the Golden Gate.

The modern appearance of the monument, while retaining the original volume and design, bears traces of alterations of a later time. The first repair work was carried out already in the 15th century under the guidance of the Moscow architect V.D. Yermolin, who restored more than one building in the Vladimir region. In the 18th century, it was decided to increase throughput the entrance to the city, as well as the ramparts did not fit into the new development plan of the city, in connection with this, the ramparts adjacent to the gates were torn down. The results of this "operation" had an immediate effect: the building cracked. The corners of the Golden Gate had to be reinforced with props, disguised with round towers, which significantly distorted the appearance. As you can see, not only military danger could destroy the creation of ancient Russian architects, especially since later, in mid-nineteenth century, the "fathers of the city" put forward a monstrous project for the reconstruction of a masterpiece of ancient Russian architecture into a water tower, fortunately not implemented